1
|
Ghiragosian C, Harpa M, Puscas A, Balau R, Al-Hussein H, Ghiragosian-Rusu SE, Avram C, Baba DF, Neagoe R, Suciu H. Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Cardioplegia Yields Different Results in Aortic Valve Surgery Depending on Patient Gender: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e67372. [PMID: 39310456 PMCID: PMC11413832 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) cardioplegia induces cardiac arrest through membrane hyperpolarization. Aortic valve pathology leads to pathophysiological changes in left ventricular vascularization that may prevent adequate cardioplegic distribution. The objective of the study was to ascertain whether the use of Bretschneider cardioplegia in aortic valve surgery yields different outcomes for male and female patients. METHODOLOGY Our study compares the perioperative data of 300 adult patients who underwent aortic valve replacement between June 2023 and June 2024 at the Emergency Cardiac Disease and Transplant Institute, Tîrgu Mures, Romania. Concomitant procedures, age under 18 years, retrograde or combined cardioplegia, and emergency surgery were excluded. The main outcome was operative mortality, and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and paraclinical data such as ejection fraction and cardiac enzymes. RESULTS Male patients comprised 190 (62%) of the sample. The most common age group was 61-70 years in both groups. The mortality rate was 6 (5.4%) for women compared to 9 (4.7%) for men. Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was the primary covariate determining 30-day postoperative mortality. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased by 2.2% in men and 1.1% in women 30 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The myocardial adaptation to aortic valve pathology exhibits gender-specific differences. However, the utilization of HTK cardioplegia obviates this disparity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Ghiragosian
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Marius Harpa
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Alexandra Puscas
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Radu Balau
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Hussam Al-Hussein
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Anatomy-Embryology M1, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Simina-Elena Ghiragosian-Rusu
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics III, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Calin Avram
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Dragos-Florin Baba
- Cardiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Radu Neagoe
- 2nd Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Horatiu Suciu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zlotnik D, Abdallah GA, Lang E, Boucebci KJ, Gautier CH, François A, Gaussem P, Godier A. Assessment of a Quantra-Guided Hemostatic Algorithm in High-Bleeding-Risk Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:724-731. [PMID: 36822891 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether a Quantra-guided hemostatic algorithm would reduce transfusion requirement and major bleeding compared with laboratory-guided testing in patients facing high-bleeding-risk cardiac surgery. DESIGN Single-center before-and-after study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients facing high-bleeding-risk cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS Hemostatic algorithm was based on standard laboratory testing during the control period, then on the Quantra during the Quantra period. The primary endpoint was the number of red blood cell (RBC) units transfused on day 1 after surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After propensity-score matching, 66 patients were included in the Quantra group and 117 in the control group. The Quantra group received fewer RBC units on day 1 than the control group (2 [0-5] v 4 [2-6], p = 0.016, respectively). Intraoperatively, the Quantra group received fewer RBC (2 [0-3] v 3 [1-5], p = 0.005), less fresh frozen plasma (0 [0-3] v 3[2-5], p < 0.0001), and fewer platelet units (7.5 [0-10] v 8.2 [6.3-11.7], p = 0.014). The intraoperative rates of RBC, plasma, and platelet transfusion were reduced (64% v 78%, p = 0.05; 41% v 85%, p < 0.001; 55% v 82%, p = 0.001, respectively). The RBC and plasma transfusions were reduced on days 1, 2, and 7. The incidence of major bleeding on day 1 also was reduced (36% v 56%, p = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, implementation of the Quantra-guided hemostatic algorithm was associated independently with reductions in major bleeding. CONCLUSION Implementation of a Quantra-based hemostatic algorithm was associated with a decrease in transfusion requirement and major bleeding after high-bleeding-risk cardiac surgery. Randomized trials are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Zlotnik
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France; Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Georges Abi Abdallah
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France; Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Lang
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Karim-John Boucebci
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Henri Gautier
- AP-HP, Fédération de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire, Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Anne François
- Établissement Français Du Sang (EFS), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France; AP-HP, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Anne Godier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France; Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carroll RB, Zaki H, McCracken C, Figueroa J, Guzzetta NA. Use of Factor VIIa and Anti-inhibitor Coagulant Complex in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:540-546. [PMID: 32839658 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-25.6.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative bleeding is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Pediatric patients are especially at risk for adverse effects of surgery and CPB on the coagulation system. This can result in bleeding, transfusions, and poor outcomes. Excessive bleeding unresponsive to blood products can warrant the off-label use of recombinant activated clotting factor VIIa (rFVIIa) and/or anti-inhibitor coagulant complex (FEIBA). Several studies have shown the utility in these agents off-label in patients who have undergone cardiac bypass surgery with acute bleeding episodes that are refractory to blood products. However, data regarding use of these agents in pediatrics are sparse. The purpose of this study is to report the use of rFVIIa and FEIBA in pediatric cardiac surgery patients in our institution. METHODS This was a retrospective chart review of pediatric cardiothoracic surgery patients who received rFVIIa or FEIBA at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta during the study period. RESULTS Thirty-three patients received rFVIIa and 9 patients received FEIBA either intraoperatively or postoperatively for bleeding related to the cardiac procedure. Approximately 13% of rFVIIa patients and 55% of FEIBA patients required repeat doses. There were decreases for all blood products administered after rFVIIa and FEIBA were given. However, the doses used did not correlate with either positive or negative outcomes. Seventeen percent (n = 7) of rFVIIa patients experienced a thrombus and 22% (n = 2) of FEIBA patients experienced a thrombus. CONCLUSIONS Both rFVIIa and FEIBA reduced blood product usage in pediatric patients following cardiac procedures.
Collapse
|
4
|
Itonaga T, Hirao S, Yamazaki K, Ikeda T, Minatoya K, Masumoto H. The N-terminal lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin reduces acute lung injury without anticoagulant effects in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass model. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 68:785-792. [PMID: 31955320 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-020-01292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic inflammation evoked by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to acute lung injury (ALI) and respiratory failure. Although recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) consists of three domains (D1-3), is reported to attenuate systemic inflammation through the N-terminal lectin-like domain (D1), anticoagulant domain (D2) may exacerbate coagulopathy after CPB. We investigated the potential of selective D1 against CPB-mediated ALI free from anticoagulant effects using a rat CPB model. METHODS Rats were divided into three groups: control (CPB alone, n = 5), D1 (CPB + D1, n = 4), and D123 (CPB + D123, n = 6). D1 or D123 was administrated to the rats of each group before CPB establishment. Blood samples are collected before, during and after CPB. Blood coagulability was assessed by a coagulation analyzer. Lung samples are collected at 1 h after the termination of CPB for histological analyses. RESULTS D123 group exhibited significantly prolonged glass beads-activated clotting time with heparinase after CPB compared to that in control group, whereas no significant prolongation in control and D1 group (control vs. D1 vs. D123: 65.4 ± 9.2 vs. 65.3 ± 10.9 vs. 83.5 ± 4.6 s, p = 0.036 [control vs. D123], 0.99 [control vs. D1]) indicating the absence of anticoagulant activities of D1. Histological studies revealed less congestion, edema, inflammation, and hemorrhage in both D1 and D123 groups compared to those in control group indicating protective effects of both D1 and D123 against ALI mediated by CPB. CONCLUSIONS N-terminal lectin-like domain of rTM may reduce the risk of ALI without anticoagulant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Itonaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shingo Hirao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Minatoya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pearse BL, Keogh S, Rickard CM, Faulke DJ, Smith I, Wall D, McDonald C, Fung YL. Bleeding Management Practices of Australian Cardiac Surgeons, Anesthesiologists and Perfusionists: A Cross-Sectional National Survey Incorporating the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and COM-B Model. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:27-41. [PMID: 32021232 PMCID: PMC6970603 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s232888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Excessive bleeding is an acknowledged consequence of cardiac surgery, occurring in up to 10% of adult patients. This clinically important complication leads to poorer patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines are available to support best practice however variability in bleeding management practice and related adverse outcomes still exist. This study had two objectives: 1) to gain insight into current bleeding management practice for adult cardiac surgery in Australia and how that compared to guidelines and literature; and 2) to understand perceived difficulties clinicians face implementing improvements in bleeding management. Methods A national cross-sectional questionnaire survey was utilized. Perspectives were sought from cardiac surgeons, cardiac anesthesiologists and perfusionists. Thirty-nine closed-ended questions focused on routine bleeding management practices to address pre and intra-operative care. One open-ended question was asked; “What would assist you to improve bleeding management with cardiac surgery patients?” Quantitative data were analysed with SPSS. Qualitative data were categorized into the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework; the domains were then mapped to the COM-B model. Results Survey responses from 159 Anesthesiologists, 39 cardiac surgeons and 86 perfusionists were included (response rate 37%). Four of the recommendations queried in this survey were reported as routinely adhered to < 50% of the time, 9 queried recommendations were adhered to 51–75% of the time and 4 recommendations were routinely followed >76% of the time. Conclusion There is a wide variation in peri-operative bleeding management practice among cardiac anaesthesiologists, surgeons and perfusionists in Australian cardiac surgery units. Conceptualizing factors believed necessary to improve practice with the TDF and COM-B model found that bleeding management could be improved with a standardized approach including; point of care diagnostic assays, a bleeding management algorithm, access to concentrated coagulation factors, cardiac surgery specific bleeding management education, multidisciplinary team agreement and support, and an overarching national approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn L Pearse
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia and Perfusion, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha Keogh
- School of Nursing and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire M Rickard
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel J Faulke
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perfusion, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perfusion, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Douglas Wall
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Charles McDonald
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perfusion, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Yoke L Fung
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen T, Huh MH, Czer LS, Vaidya A, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa JA, Nurok M. Controversies in the Postoperative Management of the Critically Ill Heart Transplant Patient. Anesth Analg 2019; 129:1023-1033. [PMID: 31162160 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Heart transplant recipients are susceptible to a number of complications in the immediate postoperative period. Despite advances in surgical techniques, mechanical circulatory support (MCS), and immunosuppression, evidence supporting optimal management strategies of the critically ill transplant patient is lacking on many fronts. This review identifies some of these controversies with the aim of stimulating further discussion and development into these gray areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology.,Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Lawrence S Czer
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ajay Vaidya
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Jon A Kobashigawa
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Nurok
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology.,Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The effect of SANGUINATE® (PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine) on cardiopulmonary bypass functionality using a bovine whole blood model of normovolemic hemodilution. Perfusion 2019; 35:19-25. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659119850681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass carries a high risk of bleeding and need for blood transfusion. Blood administration is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Perioperatively, strategies are often employed to reduce blood transfusions in high-risk patients or in situations where blood transfusion is contraindicated. Normovolemic hemodilution is a blood conservation technique used during cardiac surgery that involves replacement of blood with fluids. SANGUINATE® (PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine) is a novel hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier that can deliver oxygen effectively to tissues in the presence of severe hypoxia. The use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier during hemodilution may augment tissue oxygen delivery and reduce blood transfusion. Methods: Six standardized cardiopulmonary bypass runs simulating normovolemic hemodilution using varying proportions of bovine whole blood and SANGUINATE were performed. Pump speed, flow rate, line pressures, hemoglobin concentration, oxygenation, and degree of anticoagulation were assessed at regular intervals. Membrane oxygenators and arterial line filters were inspected for evidence of clotting following each run. Results: Increases in the pressure drop across the membrane oxygenator were detected during runs 5 and 6. Median activated clotting time values were able to be maintained at goal during the runs, and SANGUINATE did not appear to be thrombogenic. Hemoglobin concentration decreased following the addition of SANGUINATE. Oxygenation was maintained during all runs that included SANGUINATE. Conclusion: SANGUINATE does not impact the performance of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit in a bovine whole blood model. The results support further evaluation of SANGUINATE in the setting of normovolemic hemodilution and cardiopulmonary bypass.
Collapse
|
8
|
Murase M, Nakayama Y, Sessler DI, Mukai N, Ogawa S, Nakajima Y. Changes in platelet Bax levels contribute to impaired platelet response to thrombin after cardiopulmonary bypass: prospective observational clinical and laboratory investigations. Br J Anaesth 2019; 119:1118-1126. [PMID: 29040496 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anucleate platelets can undergo apoptosis in response to various stimuli, as do nucleated cells. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes platelet dysfunction and can also activate platelet apoptotic pathways. We therefore evaluated time-dependent changes in blood platelet Bax (a pro-apoptotic molecule) levels and platelet dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Methods We assessed blood samples obtained from subjects having on-pump or off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( n =20 each). We also evaluated the in vitro effects of platelet Bax increase in eight healthy volunteers. Results Thrombin-induced platelet calcium mobilisation and platelet-surface glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) expression were lowest at weaning from CPB and did not recover on postoperative day one. On-pump surgery increased platelet expression of Bax, especially the oligomerised form, along with translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria and platelet-surface tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-converting enzyme (TACE) expression. In contrast, mitochondrial cytochrome c expression was reduced. While similar in direction, the magnitude of the observed changes was smaller in patients having off-pump surgery. In vitro , a cell-permeable Bax peptide increased platelet Bax expression to the same extent seen during bypass and produced similar platelet changes. These apoptotic-like changes were largely reversed by Bcl-xL pre-administration, and were completely reversed by combined application of inhibitors that stabilise outer mitochondrial membrane permeability and TACE. Conclusions CPB increases platelet Bax expression, which contributes to reduced platelet-surface GPIb expression and thrombin-induced platelet calcium changes. These changes in platelet apoptotic signalling might contribute to platelet dysfunction after CPB. Clinical trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (number UMIN000006033).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Murase
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - D I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH 44195, USA
| | - N Mukai
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - S Ogawa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Y Nakajima
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- C. Booth
- Barts Health NHS Trust; London UK
| | - S. Allard
- Barts Health NHS Trust; London UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chowdary P, Tang A, Watson D, Besser M, Collins P, Creagh MD, Qureshi H, Rokicka M, Nokes T, Diprose P, Gill R. Retrospective Review of a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (Beriplex P/N) for the Management of Perioperative Bleeding Unrelated to Oral Anticoagulation. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:1159-1169. [PMID: 29415562 PMCID: PMC6714747 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617753537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A multicenter, retrospective, observational study of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and/or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) use within routine clinical care unrelated to vitamin K antagonists was conducted. The PCC was administered preprocedure for correction of coagulopathy (prophylactic cohort) and treatment of bleeding postsurgery (treatment cohort). Of the 445 patients included, 40 were in the prophylactic cohort (PCC alone [n = 16], PCC and FFP [n = 5], FFP alone [n = 19]) and 405 were in the treatment cohort (PCC alone [n = 228], PCC and FFP [n = 123], FFP alone [n = 54]). Cardiovascular surgery was the most common setting. PCC doses ranged between 500 and 5000 IU. Effectiveness (assessed retrospectively) was reported as effective in 93.0% in the PCC-only group (95% confidence interval, 89.1% to 95.9%), 78.9% (70.8% to 85.6%) with PCC and FFP, and 86.3% (76.2% to 93.2%) with FFP alone. In the treatment cohort, international normalized ratio was significantly reduced in all 3 groups. In patients who received PCC, the rate of thromboembolic events (1.9%) was below rates in the literature for similar procedures. PCCs offer a potential alternative to FFP in the management of perioperative bleeding unrelated to oral anticoagulant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Chowdary
- 1 Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Augustine Tang
- 2 Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospital FT, Blackpool, United Kingdom.,3 Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.,Deceased
| | - Dale Watson
- 2 Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospital FT, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Besser
- 4 Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Collins
- 5 Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hafiz Qureshi
- 7 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tim Nokes
- 9 Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Diprose
- 10 Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Gill
- 10 Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brascia D, Onorati F, Reichart D, Perrotti A, Ruggieri VG, Santarpino G, Maselli D, Mariscalco G, Gherli R, Rubino AS, De Feo M, Gatti G, Santini F, Dalén M, Saccocci M, Kinnunen EM, Airaksinen JKE, D’Errigo P, Rosato S, Nicolini F, Biancari F. Prediction of severe bleeding after coronary surgery: the WILL-BLEED Risk Score. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:445-456. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-09-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SummarySevere perioperative bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with poor outcome. An additive score for prediction of severe bleeding was derived (n=2494) and validated (n=1250) in patients from the E-CABG registry. Severe bleeding was defined as E-CABG bleeding grades 2–3 (transfusion of >4 units of red blood cells or reoperation for bleeding). The overall incidence of severe bleeding was 6.4 %. Preoperative anaemia (3 points), female gender (2 points), eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 (3 points), potent antiplatelet drugs discontinued less than five days (2 points), critical preoperative state (5 points), acute coronary syndrome (2 points), use of low-molecular-weight heparin/fondaparinux/unfractionated heparin (1 point) were independent predictors of severe bleeding. The WILL-BLEED score was associated with increasing rates of severe bleeding in both the derivation and validation cohorts (scores 0–3: 2.9 % vs 3.4 %; scores 4–6: 6.8 % vs 7.5 %; scores>6: 24.6 % vs 24.2 %, both p<0.0001). The WILL-BLEED score had a better discriminatory ability (AUC 0.725) for prediction of severe bleeding compared to the ACTION (AUC 0.671), CRUSADE (AUC 0.642), Papworth (AUC 0.605), TRUST (AUC 0.660) and TRACK (AUC 0.640) bleeding scores. The net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement using the WILL-BLEED score as opposed to the other bleeding scores were significant (p<0.0001). The decision curve analysis demonstrated a net benefit with the WILL-BLEED score compared to the other bleeding scores. In conclusion, the WILL-BLEED risk score is a simple risk stratification method which allows the identification of patients at high risk of severe bleeding after CABG.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02319083 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02319083)
Collapse
|
12
|
Bashaw M, Triplett S. Coagulopathy In and Outside the Intensive Care Unit. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2017; 29:353-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
13
|
Guzzetta NA, Williams GD. Current use of factor concentrates in pediatric cardiac anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2017; 27:678-687. [PMID: 28393462 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive bleeding following pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, both from the effects of hemorrhage and the therapies employed to achieve hemostasis. Neonates and infants are especially at risk because their coagulation systems are immature, surgeries are often complex, and cardiopulmonary bypass technologies are inappropriately matched to patient size and physiology. Consequently, these young children receive substantial amounts of adult-derived blood products to restore adequate hemostasis. Adult and pediatric data demonstrate associations between blood product transfusions and adverse patient outcomes. Thus, efforts to limit bleeding after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass and minimize allogeneic blood product exposure are warranted. The off-label use of factor concentrates, such as fibrinogen concentrate, recombinant activated factor VII, and prothrombin complex concentrates, is increasing as these hemostatic agents appear to offer several advantages over conventional blood products. However, recognizing that these agents have the potential for both benefit and harm, well-designed studies are needed to enhance our knowledge and to determine the optimal use of these agents. In this review, our primary objective was to examine the evidence regarding the use of factor concentrates to treat bleeding after pediatric CPB and identify where further research is required. PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID, The Cochrane Library and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were systematically searched to identify existing studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Guzzetta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Glyn D Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gozdzik W, Adamik B, Wysoczanski G, Gozdzik A, Rachwalik M, Skalec T, Kübler A. Preoperative thromboelastometry for the prediction of increased chest tube output in cardiac surgery: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7669. [PMID: 28746233 PMCID: PMC5627859 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleeding following cardiac surgery is a serious event with potentially life-threatening consequences. Preoperative recognition of coagulation abnormalities and detection of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) related coagulopathy could aid in the start of preventive treatment strategies that minimize perioperative blood loss. Most algorithms that analyze thromboelastometry coagulation tests in elective cardiac surgery do not include test results performed before surgery. We evaluated preoperative rotational thromboelastometry test results for their ability to predict blood loss during and after cardiac surgery.A total of 114 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were included in this retrospective analysis. Each patient had thromboelastometry tests done twice: preoperatively, before the induction of anesthesia and postoperatively, 10 minutes after heparin reversal with protamine after decannulation.Patients were placed into 1 of 2 groups depending on whether preoperative thromboelastometry parameters deviated from reference ranges: Group 1 [N = 29; extrinsically activated test (EXTEM) or INTEM results out of normal range] or Group 2 (N = 85; EXTEM and INTEM results within the normal range). We observed that the total amount of chest tube output was significantly greater in Group 1 than in Group 2 (700 mL vs 570 mL, P = .03). At the same time, the preoperative values of standard coagulation tests such as platelet count, aPTT, and INR did not indicate any abnormalities of coagulation.Preoperative coagulation abnormalities diagnosed with thromboelastometry can predict increased chest tube output in the early postoperative period in elective adult cardiac surgery. Monitoring of the coagulation system with thromboelastometry allows rapid diagnosis of coagulation abnormalities even before the start of the surgery. These abnormalities could not always be detected with routine coagulation tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Gozdzik
- Department and Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University
| | - Maciej Rachwalik
- Department and Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University
| | | | - Andrzej Kübler
- Centre of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moorlag M, Schurgers E, Krishnamoorthy G, Bouwhuis A, Lindhout T, Kelchtermans H, Lance MD, de Laat B. Near-Patient Thrombin Generation in Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:613-625. [DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.022335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
16
|
Höfer J, Fries D, Solomon C, Velik-Salchner C, Ausserer J. A Snapshot of Coagulopathy After Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 22:505-11. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029616651146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is often associated with important blood loss, allogeneic blood product usage, morbidity, and mortality. Coagulopathy during CPB is complex, and the current lack of uniformity for triggers and hemostatic agents has led to a wide variability in bleeding treatment. The aim of this review is to provide a simplified picture of the data available on patients’ coagulation status at the end of CPB in order to provide relevant information for the development of tailored transfusion algorithms. A nonsystematic literature review was carried out to identify changes in coagulation parameters during CPB. Both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time increased during CPB, by a median of 33.3% and 17.9%, respectively. However, there was marked variability across the published studies, indicating these tests may be unreliable for guiding hemostatic therapy. Some thrombin generation (TG) parameters were affected, as indicated by a median increase in TG lag time of 55.0%, a decrease in TG peak of 17.5%, and only a slight decrease in endogenous thrombin potential of 7%. The most affected parameters were fibrinogen levels and platelet count/function. Both plasma fibrinogen concentration and FIBTEM maximum clot firmness decreased during CPB (median change of 36.4% and 33.3%, respectively) as did platelet count (44.5%) and platelet component (34.2%). This review provides initial information regarding changes in coagulation parameters during CPB but highlights the variability in the reported results. Further studies are warranted to guide physicians on the parameters most appropriate to guide hemostatic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Höfer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fries
- Department of Surgical and General Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cristina Solomon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and General Intensive Care, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg University Hospital, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology and AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
- CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Velik-Salchner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Ausserer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Faravan A, Mohammadi N, Alizadeh Ghavidel A, Toutounchi MZ, Ghanbari A, Mazloomi M. Comparison of current practices of cardiopulmonary perfusion technology in Iran with American Society of Extracorporeal Technology's standards. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2016; 8:72-6. [PMID: 27489600 PMCID: PMC4970574 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standards have a significant role in showing the minimum level of optimal optimum and the expected performance. Since the perfusion technology staffs play an the leading role in providing the quality services to the patients undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass machine, this study aimed to assess the standards on how Iranian perfusion technology staffs evaluate and manage the patients during the cardiopulmonary bypass process and compare their practice with the recommended standards by American Society of Extracorporeal Technology. METHODS In this descriptive study, data was collected from 48 Iranian public hospitals and educational health centers through a researcher-created questionnaire. The data collection questionnaire assessed the standards which are recommended by American Society of Extracorporeal Technology. RESULTS Findings showed that appropriate measurements were carried out by the perfusion technology staffs to prevent the hemodilution and avoid the blood transfusion and unnecessary blood products, determine the initial dose of heparin based on one of the proposed methods, monitor the anticoagulants based on ACT measurement, and determine the additional doses of heparin during the cardiopulmonary bypass based on ACT or protamine titration. It was done only in 4.2% of hospitals and health centers. CONCLUSION Current practices of cardiopulmonary perfusion technology in Iran are inappropriate based on the standards of American Society of Cardiovascular Perfusion. This represents the necessity of authorities' attention to the validation programs and development of the caring standards on one hand and continuous assessment of using these standards on the other hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Faravan
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Center for Nursing Care Research, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooredin Mohammadi
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Alireza Alizadeh Ghavidel
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zia Toutounchi
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ghanbari
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical & Research Center, Cardiac Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mazloomi
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Center for Nursing Care Research, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient. Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:1477-97. [PMID: 25962078 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiac surgery, including coronary artery bypass, cardiac valve, and aortic procedures, is among the most common surgical procedures performed in the United States. Successful outcomes after cardiac surgery depend on optimum postoperative critical care. The cardiac intensivist must have a comprehensive understanding of cardiopulmonary physiology and the sequelae of cardiopulmonary bypass. In this concise review, targeted at intensivists and surgeons, we discuss the routine management of the postoperative cardiac surgical patient. DATA SOURCE AND SYNTHESIS Narrative review of relevant English-language peer-reviewed medical literature. CONCLUSIONS Critical care of the cardiac surgical patient is a complex and dynamic endeavor. Adequate fluid resuscitation, appropriate inotropic support, attention to rewarming, and ventilator management are key components. Patient safety is enhanced by experienced personnel, a structured handover between the operating room and ICU teams, and appropriate transfusion strategies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Swieringa F, Lancé MD, Fuchs B, Feijge MAH, Solecka BA, Verheijen LPJ, Hughes KR, van Oerle R, Deckmyn H, Kannicht C, Heemskerk JWM, van der Meijden PEJ. Desmopressin treatment improves platelet function under flow in patients with postoperative bleeding. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1503-13. [PMID: 25988848 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing major cardiothoracic surgery are subjected to dilution, owing to massive fluid infusion and blood component transfusion. These patients may experience bleeding perioperatively, and are frequently treated with the endothelium-activating agent desmopressin. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of desmopressin administration on von Willebrand factor (VWF)-dependent coagulant and platelet functions under flow conditions. PATIENTS/METHODS Blood from 16 patients with postoperative bleeding was obtained before and after desmopressin treatment (0.3 μg kg(-1) body weight), and assessed for coagulant properties and platelet function. Furthermore, VWF antigen levels and multimer composition were determined in both samples. RESULTS Desmopressin treatment did not change thrombin generation in plasma or whole blood thromboelasticity. Also coagulation factor levels (other than factor VIII) and coagulation times were unchanged, suggesting that desmopressin treatment did not have a major effect on the coagulant activity. On the other hand, desmopressin treatment raised the already high plasma levels of VWF from a median of 116 IU mL(-1) (interquartile range [IQR] 102-154 IU mL(-1) ) to a median of 160 IU mL(-1) (IQR 126-187 IU mL(-1) ) (P = 0.007), owing to accumulation of the high molecular weight VWF multimers. Furthermore, desmopressin treatment caused an increase in collagen-dependent thrombus formation and platelet phosphatidylserine exposure. Markers of thrombus formation correlated with the plasma levels of VWF. In vitro control experiments confirmed a major contribution of VWF to thrombus formation and procoagulant activity under conditions of blood dilution. CONCLUSIONS Desmopressin treatment of patients with bleeding complications after cardiothoracic surgery induces the release of high molecular weight VWF multimers, which enhance platelet activation and thrombus formation under flow conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Swieringa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M D Lancé
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B Fuchs
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry Berlin, Octapharma R&D, Berlin, Germany
| | - M A H Feijge
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B A Solecka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry Berlin, Octapharma R&D, Berlin, Germany
| | - L P J Verheijen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K R Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R van Oerle
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF-Life Sciences, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - C Kannicht
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry Berlin, Octapharma R&D, Berlin, Germany
| | - J W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Desborough M, Sandu R, Brunskill SJ, Doree C, Trivella M, Montedori A, Abraha I, Stanworth S. Fresh frozen plasma for cardiovascular surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD007614. [PMID: 26171897 PMCID: PMC8406941 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007614.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is a blood component containing procoagulant factors, which is sometimes used in cardiovascular surgery with the aim of reducing the risk of bleeding. The purpose of this review is to assess the risk of mortality for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery who receive FFP. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk to benefit ratio of FFP transfusion in cardiovascular surgery for the treatment of bleeding patients or for prophylaxis against bleeding. SEARCH METHODS We searched 11 bibliographic databases and four ongoing trials databases including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 3, 2015), MEDLINE (OvidSP, 1946 to 21 April 2015), EMBASE (OvidSP, 1974 to 21 April 2015), PubMed (e-publications only: searched 21 April 2015), ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization (WHO) ICTRP and the ISRCTN Register (searched 21 April 2015). We also searched the references of all identified trials and relevant review articles. We did not limit the searches by language or publication status. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials in patients undergoing major cardiac or vascular surgery who were allocated to a FFP group or a comparator (no plasma or an active comparator, either clinical plasma (any type) or a plasma-derived blood product). We included participants of any age (neonates, children and adults). We excluded studies of plasmapheresis and plasma exchange. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors screened all electronically derived citations and abstracts of papers identified by the review search strategy. Two authors assessed risk of bias in the included studies and extracted data independently. We took care to note whether FFP was used therapeutically or prophylactically within each trial. MAIN RESULTS We included 15 trials, with a total of 755 participants for analysis in the review. Fourteen trials compared prophylactic use of FFP against no FFP. One study compared therapeutic use of two types of plasma. The timing of intervention varied, including FFP transfusion at the time of heparin neutralisation and stopping cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (seven trials), with CPB priming (four trials), after anaesthesia induction (one trial) and postoperatively (two trials). Twelve trials excluded patients having emergency surgery and nine excluded patients with coagulopathies.Overall the trials were small, with only four reporting an a priori sample size calculation. No trial was powered to determine changes in mortality as a primary outcome. There was either high risk of bias, or unclear risk, in the majority of trials included in this review.There was no difference in the number of deaths between the intervention arms in the six trials (with 287 patients) reporting mortality (very low quality evidence). There was also no difference in blood loss in the first 24 hours for neonatal/paediatric patients (four trials with 138 patients; low quality evidence): mean difference (MD) -1.46 ml/kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -4.7 to 1.78 ml/kg); or adult patients (one trial with 120 patients): MD -12.00 ml (95% CI -101.16 to 77.16 ml).Transfusion with FFP was inferior to control for preventing patients receiving any red cell transfusion: Peto odds ratio (OR) 2.57 (95% CI 1.30 to 5.08; moderate quality evidence). There was a difference in prothrombin time within two hours of FFP transfusion in eight trials (with 210 patients; moderate quality evidence) favouring the FFP arm: MD -0.71 seconds (95% CI -1.28 to -0.13 seconds). There was no difference in the risk of returning to theatre for reoperation (eight trials with 398 patients; moderate quality evidence): Peto OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.26 to 2.57). Only one included study reported adverse events as an outcome and reported no significant adverse events following FFP transfusion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review has found no evidence to support the prophylactic administration of FFP to patients without coagulopathy undergoing elective cardiac surgery. There was insufficient evidence about treatment of patients with coagulopathies or those who are undergoing emergency surgery. There were no reported adverse events attributable to FFP transfusion, although there was a significant increase in the number of patients requiring red cell transfusion who were randomised to FFP. Variability in outcome reporting between trials precluded meta-analysis for many outcomes across all trials, and there was evidence of a high risk of bias in most of the studies. Further adequately powered studies of FFP, or comparable pro-haemostatic agents, are required to assess whether larger reductions in prothrombin time translate into clinical benefits. Overall the evidence from randomised controlled trials for the safety and efficacy of prophylactic transfusion of FFP for cardiac surgery is insufficient.
Collapse
|
22
|
Erdoes G, Gerster G, Colucci G, Kaiser H, Alberio L, Eberle B. Prediction of Post-Weaning Fibrinogen Status during Cardiopulmonary Bypass: An Observational Study in 110 Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126692. [PMID: 26011420 PMCID: PMC4444179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), acquired coagulopathy often leads to post-CPB bleeding. Though multifactorial in origin, this coagulopathy is often aggravated by deficient fibrinogen levels. Objective To assess whether laboratory and thrombelastometric testing on CPB can predict plasma fibrinogen immediately after CPB weaning. Patients / Methods This prospective study in 110 patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgery at risk of post-CPB bleeding compares fibrinogen level (Clauss method) and function (fibrin-specific thrombelastometry) in order to study the predictability of their course early after termination of CPB. Linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics were used to determine correlations and predictive accuracy. Results Quantitative estimation of post-CPB Clauss fibrinogen from on-CPB fibrinogen was feasible with small bias (+0.19 g/l), but with poor precision and a percentage of error >30%. A clinically useful alternative approach was developed by using on-CPB A10 to predict a Clauss fibrinogen range of interest instead of a discrete level. An on-CPB A10 ≤10 mm identified patients with a post-CPB Clauss fibrinogen of ≤1.5 g/l with a sensitivity of 0.99 and a positive predictive value of 0.60; it also identified those without a post-CPB Clauss fibrinogen <2.0 g/l with a specificity of 0.83. Conclusions When measured on CPB prior to weaning, a FIBTEM A10 ≤10 mm is an early alert for post-CPB fibrinogen levels below or within the substitution range (1.5–2.0 g/l) recommended in case of post-CPB coagulopathic bleeding. This helps to minimize the delay to data-based hemostatic management after weaning from CPB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Erdoes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Germaine Gerster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Heiko Kaiser
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Hématologie non-maligne et Hémostase, Service et Laboratoire central d`Hématologie, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Balthasar Eberle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Impact of 6 % hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 on the correlation between standard laboratory tests and thromboelastography (TEG®) after cardiopulmonary bypass. Thromb Res 2015; 135:984-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Mujib M, Khanna N, Mazumder NK, Aronow WS, Kolte D, Khera S, Palaniswamy C, Jain D, Lanier GM, Sule S, Ahmed A, Levy WC, Prabhu SD, Cooper HA, Panza JA, Gass AL, Fonarow GC. Pretransplant coagulopathy and in-hospital outcomes among heart transplant recipients: a propensity-matched nationwide inpatient sample study. Clin Cardiol 2015; 38:300-8. [PMID: 25684174 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and contemporary trends of pre-heart transplantation (HT) coagulopathy and associated clinical outcomes have not been studied from a national database. HYPOTHESIS Pre-HT coagulopathy is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. METHODS Among 2454 adult HT recipients from the 2003 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases, 707 (29%) had pre-HT coagulopathy (defined as a comorbidity variable, based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninthe Revision, Clinical Modification and Diagnosis Related Group codes). We used propensity scores for coagulopathy to assemble a matched cohort of 664 pairs of patients with and without coagulopathy balanced in 54 baseline characteristics. RESULTS The prevalence of pre-HT coagulopathy increased from 17% in 2003 to 44% in 2010 (P for trend <0.001). In-hospital mortality occurred in 8.6% and 4.7% of matched HT recipients with and without coagulopathy, respectively (hazard ratio: 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-2.80; P = 0.008). Coagulopathy was not significantly associated with post-HT graft complications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.95-1.52; P = 0.131) but was associated with increased blood transfusions (OR: 1.92; 95% CI, 1.54-2.41; P < 0.001). Coagulopathy and no-coagulopathy groups had no difference in median length of stay (22 days in each group, P = 0.746), but median total hospital charges were higher among patients with coagulopathy compared to those without (US$425 643 vs US$389 656; P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In this national study of HT recipients, pretransplant coagulopathy was common, increased over time, and was not significantly associated with post-HT graft complications or increased hospital stay. However, it was associated with increased bleeding risk, in-hospital mortality, and total hospital charges. These findings may have implications for the selection of patients for HT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mujib
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Neel Khanna
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nabila K Mazumder
- Department of Medicine, Flushing Hospital Medical Center, Flushing, New York
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dhaval Kolte
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sahil Khera
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Diwakar Jain
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Gregg M Lanier
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sachin Sule
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ali Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Wayne C Levy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Howard A Cooper
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Julio A Panza
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Alan L Gass
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Besser MW, Ortmann E, Klein AA. Haemostatic management of cardiac surgical haemorrhage. Anaesthesia 2014; 70 Suppl 1:87-95, e29-31. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Besser
- Department of Haematology; Papworth Hospital; Cambridge UK
| | - E. Ortmann
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Papworth Hospital; Cambridge UK
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Kerckhoff Klinik Heart and Lung Centre; Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - A. A. Klein
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Papworth Hospital; Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|