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Rutherford BN, Leung J, Stjepanović D, Chan GCK. Through the looking glass: An alcohol advertisement every 3 minutes. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:1426-1434. [PMID: 38843090 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is growing concern over the lack of regulation of alcohol advertisements on social media platforms frequented by youths. This study aims to build upon existing literature by assessing the frequency with which young Australians (17-25) are shown advertisements promoting alcohol use and the themes utilised in these advertisements. METHODS A total of 125 Australian youths (mean age 18.74 years; 74.40% female) were recruited in exchange for course credit to participate in an online study. Participants scrolled through Facebook or Instagram for a period of 30 min and screenshotted any alcohol advertisements encountered. Participants then identified the advertisement qualities (or 'themes') present in the advertisements, based on pre-identified categories. Demographic, social media usage and historical personal, peer or familial substance use behaviour data was also collected. RESULTS Seventy-one university students were exposed to 796 alcohol advertisements across both platforms, and they encountered an advertisement every 2 min and 43 s on average. Most advertisements included call to action features on both Facebook (78.80%) and Instagram (71.17%). Advertisements relating to ease of access (promoting subscription/home delivery; 41.72% and 42.56%) and sales incentives (special offers, promotions, samples or bonuses with purchase; 43.70% and 46.84%) were most common across both platforms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Alcohol advertisements are highly prevalent online, particularly among Australian youth social media users. Future research should endeavour to identify whether temporal use of alcohol is a predictor of subsequent exposure to alcohol advertising on social media, and whether this exposure is likely to increase successive alcohol use behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brienna N Rutherford
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel Stjepanović
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary C K Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Gallopel-Morvan K, Diouf JF, Sirven N. Youth behavioural responses to regulated alcohol advertising content: Results from a mixed-methods study in France. Soc Sci Med 2024; 352:117002. [PMID: 38901212 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The World Health Organization advocates measures regulating alcohol advertising content, as illustrated by the French Évin law. However, how people react to such regulation has been under-investigated. The research reported here has two objectives: to analyze how different advertising contents (regulated or not) affect the persuasion process from attention to behavioural responses, and whether young people are protected; to examine how alcohol warnings perform depending on their salience and the advertising content displayed (regulated or not). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study surveyed French people aged 15-30 using a mixed-methods design. In-depth interviews were conducted on 26 respondents to understand how non-regulated (NRA) and regulated (RA) alcohol advertising influence the persuasion process. An experiment on 696 people assessed the influence of RA vs. NRA on intentions to buy and drink alcohol, and whether less vs. more salient warnings displayed in the RA or NRA setting have differential effects on behavioural responses. RESULTS NRA (vs. RA) had a greater influence on young people's desire to buy and drink alcohol, which we explain by different psychological processes. NRA appeared to trigger a heuristic process that involves affective reactions (e.g. image, symbolism) and product-oriented responses (e.g. quality), whereas RA appeared to trigger a more systematic process that had less influence. The protective effect of content regulations was strong for the youngest participants but fades as age increases, reaching its limits at age 22 years. Salience of the warnings had no influence on desire to buy and drink alcohol, whatever the ad content. CONCLUSION Advertising content regulations need to be implemented to protect young people, particularly the youngest. Our results on alcohol health warnings highlighted that text-only labels similar to those adopted in many countries are ineffective at decreasing young people's intentions to buy and drink alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gallopel-Morvan
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, Inserm, Arènes - UMR 6051, RSMS - U1309, 15 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France.
| | - Jacques François Diouf
- Department of Marketing, IGR-IAE Rennes Graduate School of Management, Rennes University, CNRS NeuroLab CREM (UMR 6211), 11 Rue Jean Macé, 35700, Rennes, France.
| | - Nicolas Sirven
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, Inserm, Arènes - UMR 6051, RSMS - U1309, 15 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France.
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Murray RL, Leonardi-Bee J, Barker A, Brown O, Langley T. A rapid literature review of the effect of alcohol marketing on people with, or at increased risk of, an alcohol problem. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae045. [PMID: 38973207 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the effect or potential effect of alcohol marketing in people with an alcohol use disorder, in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, and hazardous and harmful drinkers. METHODS Relevant literature was identified by searching Medline (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), and PsycINFO (OVID) and relevant websites. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion. A narrative approach was used to synthesize the findings. RESULTS The review included 10 studies. Two quantitative and three qualitative studies focused on participants recovering from an alcohol use disorder and five quantitative studies on those with hazardous or harmful consumption levels of alcohol. The effect of alcohol advertising on alcohol use was only assessed in one study, a small experimental study of young adult heavy drinkers, which found no significant association. Studies looking at other outcomes found that people with or at risk of alcohol problems were likely to notice alcohol advertisements and find them appealing, and that advertisements may have an effect on positive alcohol-related emotions and cognitions. Among people in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, findings suggested that there could be an effect on craving, and that alcohol marketing may be perceived to trigger a desire to drink. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol marketing is likely to have an effect on alcohol consumption in people with, or at increased risk of, an alcohol problem. Studies have also found that alcohol marketing is perceived to act as a trigger by people in recovery from alcohol problems. SUMMARY A rapid review explored the effect of alcohol marketing in people with an alcohol use disorder, in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, and hazardous and harmful drinkers. The findings of the 10 included studies suggest that an effect of alcohol marketing in these populations is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L Murray
- Nottingham Centre for Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Leonardi-Bee
- Nottingham Centre for Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
- The Nottingham Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Barker
- Nottingham Centre for Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Brown
- Nottingham Centre for Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Langley
- Nottingham Centre for Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
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Wallhed Finn S, Mejldal A, Baskaran R, Nielsen AS. Effects of media campaign videos on stigma and attitudes towards treatment seeking for alcohol use disorder: a randomized controlled study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1919. [PMID: 37794390 PMCID: PMC10552234 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is one of the most stigmatized diagnosis, and stigma imposes a major barrier to treatment seeking. There is a need to develop interventions that can reduce stigma and increase treatment seeking. Little is known about the effects of video materials. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of different videos. The primary outcome was public stigma, and secondary outcomes were: self-stigma, and motivation to change own alcohol use; talking to someone else about their alcohol use; seeking information about AUD treatment or seeking AUD treatment. METHODS This is a three-armed double blind randomized controlled study. The study included 655 Danish adults. Data was collected at a study webpage, and the survey could be completed anywhere with Internet access. After informed consent and completing baseline measures, participants were randomized, 1:1:1 ratio, to a video (video 1 n = 228; video 2 n = 198; video 3 n = 229). Video 1 and 2 have been used in a national mass media campaign and video 3 was recorded for use in the present study. Immediately after exposure, follow-up measures were completed. Outcomes were analyzed with mixed effects linear regression. RESULTS In total n = 616 completed follow-up (video 1 n = 215; video 2 n = 192; video 3 n = 209). Randomization to video 1 and 3 decreased public stigma measured with "Difference, Disdain & Blame Scales", while video 2 increased stigma. Video 2 compared to 1: 2.262 (95% CI 1.155; 3.369) p < 0.001. Video 3 compared to 1: -0.082 (95% CI -1.170; 1.006) p = 0.882. Video 3 compared to 2: -2.344 (95% CI -3.455; -1.233) p = 0.882. All videos reduced motivation to change own alcohol use. Participants with hazardous alcohol use, were more sensitive to the different videos, compared to low-risk alcohol use. Video 2 decreased motivation to seek information about treatment. No effects were seen on motivation to seek treatment, motivation to talk to someone else or self-stigma. CONCLUSIONS Videos can have an immediate effect on level of public stigma. Other types of interventions are needed to increase motivation and reduce self-stigma. To avoid adverse effects in future interventions, the use of theoretical frameworks and stakeholder involvement is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wallhed Finn
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense, 5000, Denmark.
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Mejldal
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Ruben Baskaran
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense, 5000, Denmark
- SDU Health informatics and technology, Faculty of engineering, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense, 5000, Denmark
- Psychiatric Hospital, University Function, Region of Southern, Odense, Denmark
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Siette J, Dodds L, Deckers K, Köhler S, Armitage CJ. Cross-sectional survey of attitudes and beliefs towards dementia risk reduction among Australian older adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1021. [PMID: 37254125 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about what drives older adults' motivation to change their behaviour and whether that is associated with their personal dementia risk profile. Our aims were to (i) understand what sociodemographic factors are associated with older Australians' motivation to change behaviour to reduce their dementia risk, and (ii) explore the relationship between socio-demographic factors and motivation to reduce dementia risk with health- and lifestyle-based dementia risk scores in older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional online postal or telephone survey was administered to community-dwelling older adults in New South Wales, Australia between January and March 2021. Measures included socioeconomic status, locality, and health status, the Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behaviours for Dementia Risk Reduction (MCLHB-DRR) scale and the lifestyle-based dementia risk score (LIBRA index). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the associations for (i) sociodemographic factors and motivation to reduce dementia risk (MCLHB-DRR scales) and (ii) sociodemographic factors and motivation to reduce dementia risk with health- and lifestyle-based dementia risk (LIBRA index). RESULTS A total of 857 older adults (mean age 73.3 years, SD = 6.0, range 65-94; 70% women; 34.6% less than grade 6 education) completed the survey. Respondents reported high levels of motivation to adopt behaviour changes, agreeing on the importance of good health. Individuals who were younger were more likely to have greater motivation to modify lifestyle to reduce dementia risk and had higher perceived benefits to gain by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Dementia risk scores were moderately low (mean LIBRA index =- 2.8 [SD = 2.0], range - 5.9-3.8), indicating relatively moderate-to-good brain health. Men with low socioeconomic status and higher perceived barriers to lifestyle change had higher dementia risk scores. CONCLUSIONS Public health campaigns need to overcome motivational barriers to support reductions in dementia risk. A multifaceted and inclusive approach targeting both sociodemographic differences and impediments to brain healthy lifestyles is required to achieve genuine change. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12621000165886, Date of registration: 17/02/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Siette
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Laura Dodds
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kay Deckers
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Nagata JM, Smith N, Zamora G, Sajjad OM, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB. Problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies in early adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:430. [PMID: 36879232 PMCID: PMC9987130 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol expectancies are beliefs regarding positive (e.g., tension reduction) or negative (e.g., loss of motor coordination) effects of alcohol. Based on Social Learning Theory, social media can influence alcohol expectancies in adolescents. In particular, problematic social media use - which can reflect elements of addiction, including mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse - could be linked to alcohol expectancies. We aimed to determine the associations between problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies in a national (U.S.) cohort of 10-14-year-old early adolescents. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 9,008) at the Year 2 assessment (2018-2020). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies (positive and negative), adjusting for race/ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, sexual orientation, parental marital status, and study site. Furthermore, we computed marginal predicted probabilities to aid in interpreting findings. RESULTS The sample was 48.7% female and racially and ethnically diverse (43.0% non-White), with a mean age of 12.02 ± 0.66 years old. In models adjusted for confounders including both time spent on social media and problematic social media use, time spent on social media was not associated with positive or negative alcohol expectancies, but higher problematic social media use score was associated with higher positive (B = 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.020-0.069) and negative (B = 0.072, 95% CI 0.043-0.101) alcohol expectancies scores. CONCLUSION Problematic social media use was associated with both positive and negative alcohol expectancies in a demographically diverse national sample of early adolescents in the U.S. Given the small effect sizes of the current study, future studies should further examine these relationships prospectively, as well as the mechanisms linking problematic social media use to alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption. Because alcohol expectancies are modifiable and linked with alcohol initiation, they could be a target for future prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Natalia Smith
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gabriel Zamora
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Omar M Sajjad
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Alvarenga MAS, Bandeira PFR, Guilhermino CS, de Azevedo TG, Olímpio KF, Mansur-Alves M, Buchanan T. Cross-cultural adaptation of the web-based executive functioning questionnaire for Brazilian sample (Webexec-BR). APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36706078 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2170799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Web-based Executive Functioning Questionnaire (Webexec) is a brief scale developed to assess executive functions via online format. It has been used in different contexts, but its adaptation to other cultures is still restricted. This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Webexec for a Brazilian sample considering the psychometric properties of the scale. This study used a sample of 295 Brazilian participants, with a mean age equal to 20.69 (SD = 6.030). This is a longitudinal study with reapplication of the scale six weeks after the test phase. Classical and contemporary methods were applied to analyze the psychometric properties of the Webexec. The results showed that the scale presented excellent psychometric properties for the Brazilian version, considering validity evidence based on the content and internal structure of Webexec, as well as reliability and precision. However, it is considered that other relational and experimental studies should be carried out with a larger sample size and for different population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tiago Geraldo de Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Kelly Fernandes Olímpio
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Marcela Mansur-Alves
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tom Buchanan
- Centre for Psychological Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Hussaini T, Omar M, Cox B, Marquez-Azalgara V, Yoshida EM. Liver Transplant Recipients Speak Out on Public Awareness and Education Surrounding Alcohol-Related Health Effects: A Survey Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e31760. [PMID: 36569722 PMCID: PMC9771763 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to other recreational substances in Canada, alcohol consumption incurs the highest healthcare costs. Liver transplant recipients are unique stakeholders as members of the general public with lived experiences of liver disease. We sought to explore their perspectives on the current state of public education on alcohol-related health effects. METHODS The most recent 400 liver transplant recipients at Vancouver General Hospital, Canada, were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey on alcohol-related health effects by mail, email, and phone. RESULTS Of 372 contacted patients, 212 (57%) completed the survey. Most patients were between 60-79 years, 63% were male, and 69% were Caucasian. The most common liver conditions leading to transplant were viral hepatitis (33%), alcohol-related liver disease (16%), autoimmune liver disease (14%), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (15%). Most patients knew that alcohol leads to liver failure (85%), but fewer knew about alcohol leading to cancer (54%), heart disease (50%), and damage to other organs (58%). Most common sources of information included public media (61%), family and friends (52%), and physicians (49%), with narrative comments about learning of alcohol-related health effects after liver diagnosis. Most patients believed that public health education at a middle/high school level would have long-term efficacy (72%) compared to health warning labels (33%) and safety messaging in commercials (39%). Current public education was felt to be adequate by only 20% of patients and 73% of patients supported health warning labels. CONCLUSIONS Liver transplant patients reported a high, but not universal, awareness of alcohol-related health effects. A majority thought that current public health efforts were inadequate; it is critical to implement public health interventions to ensure consumers are able to make an informed decision on alcohol consumption.
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Zhang L, Huang L, Weiger C, Jiao C, Li Y, Wu D. Prevalence, correlates, and behavioral outcomes of alcohol gifting in China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1653. [PMID: 36045342 PMCID: PMC9434964 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol gifting is a very common practice in China. However, little is known about the potentially adverse consequences of alcohol gifting. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol gifting, and explore whether drinking and tobacco use were associated with alcohol gifting. Methods Using a cross-sectional multi-stage survey, a sample of 982 household heads from Guangdong Province and 530 household heads from Shaanxi Province was collected online from 30 April to 30 July 2020 in China. Participants completed questionnaires regarding socio-demographic characteristics, social capital, drinking status, and gifting alcohol behavior. Chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors associated with alcohol gifting, and to identify its relationship with alcohol and cigarette use status. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, household annual income, province, drinking status, and social participation were prominent correlates of both offering and receiving alcohol. Participants who were married, had an education level of junior high school, or had a large social network had higher odds of receiving alcohol. When both alcohol gifting behaviors were included in the models, participants who offered alcohol had 2.15 (95% CI: 1.63–2.85) times higher odds of current drinking than those who didn’t offer alcohol and participants who received alcohol had 1.87 (95% CI: 1.45–2.41) times higher odds of current drinking than those who did not receive alcohol. Those who received alcohol had significantly higher odds of current smoking (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.25–2.14), while those who offered alcohol had significantly lower odds of current smoking (AOR = 0.71;95% CI:0.53–0.95). Conclusions Social participation is an important correlate of alcohol gifting. Alcohol receiving behaviors were significantly associated with both current alcohol and tobacco use. These associations can be used to inform alcohol gifting interventions in China.
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Pastor A, Sureda X, Valiente R, Badland H, García-Dorado M, Escobar F. Using Geovisualization Tools to Examine Attitudes towards Alcohol Exposure in Urban Environments: A Pilot Study in Madrid, Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159192. [PMID: 35954557 PMCID: PMC9368102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pervasiveness of alcohol products and their promotion in the urban landscape may normalize alcohol consumption. This study aims to utilize geovisualization-based methods to assess attitudes towards different levels of alcohol exposure in the urban environment. We selected a typical downtown location, Lavapiés Square in Madrid, Spain, to conduct our study. First, we designed and created realistic 3D models simulating three different urban scenes with varying degrees of exposure to alcohol in the environment. Second, we used a survey on 159 adults to explore the level of acceptance of, attitudes towards, and perceptions of alcohol exposure in each scene. Participants reported a higher level of comfort in the scene with null alcohol exposure compared with the other scenes (p < 0.001). Acceptance towards alcohol exposure decreased as the level of alcohol elements increased in the scenes (p < 0.01). Acceptance also decreased when children were present in the scenes (p < 0.01). This study demonstrated that geovisualization tools provide a useful and well-suited approach to analyze perceptions of the alcohol environment. The use of geovisualization can help understand attitudes and perceptions towards the alcohol environment and may offer a way to simulate different scenarios prior to development or retrofitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pastor
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Campus Universitario-Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Campus Universitario-Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, 205 E 42nd St., New York, NY 10017, USA
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat Avinguda de la Granvia de l’Hospitalet, 199, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918-222-351
| | - Roberto Valiente
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK;
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Hannah Badland
- Health, Place and Society Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Macarena García-Dorado
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-D.); (F.E.)
| | - Francisco Escobar
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-D.); (F.E.)
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Albery IP, Spada MM. Does alcohol-related desire thinking predict in-the-moment drinking behaviours? Addict Behav 2021; 118:106899. [PMID: 33744619 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Desire thinking (voluntary thinking involving a perseverative focusing on desired target-related memories, images, and information), is an important factor in the experience of drinking urges and cravings. Research has not examined the relationship between desire thinking, behavioural intention and the implementation of that behaviour into action, nor how one's past repeated behaviour in situ (expressed as habit) may moderate these relationships. We employed an ad libitum drinking paradigm to provide indirect measures of in-the-moment drinking behaviours (amount poured [mls] and amount consumed [mls]) in a group of eighty-eight self-defined social drinkers immediately after measuring self-reported drinking habit, drinking-related desire thinking, and general drinking behaviour. Results confirmed the predicted positive relationship between desire thinking and in-the-moment drinking behaviour with the effects increasing as a function of rising drinking habit strength. We also observed a dissociation between desire thinking components (verbal perseveration and imaginal prefiguration) in the moderating effects of habit strength on drinking behaviour. For imaginal prefiguration (thoughts related to construction of mental images of a desired target or of its context for consumption) a direct effect on drinking behaviours was shown. In comparison, the effect for verbal perseveration (repetitive self-talk regarding the need to achieve a desired target) was not shown to independently predict drinking-related behaviour but was significantly moderated by increasing drinking-related habit strength. Future work should formulate the nature of this moderating influence on perseverative goal-directed thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Albery
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK.
| | - Marcantonio M Spada
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
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12
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Guillou Landreat M, Beauvais C, Grall Bronnec M, Le Goff D, Le Reste JY, Lever D, Dany A, Gallopel Morvan K. Alcohol use disorders, beverage preferences and the influence of alcohol marketing: a preliminary study. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:90. [PMID: 33256798 PMCID: PMC7706018 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are among the most prevalent mental disorders in the world. They are the leading risk factor for premature mortality and disability among 15 to 49-year-olds. Links between alcohol marketing and patterns of alcohol consumption are well defined in adolescents but there is few data on the impact of alcohol marketing on a population of drinkers with an AUD and seeking treatment. This study was designed in collaboration among researchers specialising in addictive disorders, in social marketing and primary care. Methods This was a monocentric, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The main objective of this study was to define the type of marketing identified by drinkers with an AUD who were seeking treatment and their beverage preferences. Drinkers aged 18+ with an AUD and seeking treatment were included. A descriptive analysis and a logistic regression were carried out . Results N = 91 patients were included, 73.6% were male, the average age was 46.2 years. 72% said they were not influenced by alcohol marketing, but 76% recalled an alcohol advertisement in the last 6 months. The most frequently reported beverage preferences were wine (39.6%), standard beers (29.6%), spirits (27.5%) and strong beers (16.5%). Conclusions Patients with AUD, defined as vulnerable, reported exposure to alcohol marketing but did not seem to identify it consciously. Marketing influences differed according to beverage preferences. These results need to be confirmed by a larger study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13011-020-00329-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Guillou Landreat
- EA SPURBO 7479, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Addictologie de liaison , Pole 3 , 1 étage, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche , Bld Tanguy Prigent, 29200, Brest, France. .,UMR 1246 SPHERE, University of Nantes / Tours, Tours, France. .,HUGOPSY NETWORK, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Marie Grall Bronnec
- UMR 1246 SPHERE, University of Nantes / Tours, Tours, France.,HUGOPSY NETWORK, Rennes, France.,CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France
| | - Delphine Le Goff
- EA SPURBO 7479, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Addictologie de liaison , Pole 3 , 1 étage, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche , Bld Tanguy Prigent, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Jean Yves Le Reste
- EA SPURBO 7479, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Addictologie de liaison , Pole 3 , 1 étage, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche , Bld Tanguy Prigent, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Delphine Lever
- MD, CHRU BREST, Addictology Unit CHRU BREST, Brest, France
| | - Antoine Dany
- EA SPURBO 7479, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Addictologie de liaison , Pole 3 , 1 étage, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche , Bld Tanguy Prigent, 29200, Brest, France
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13
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Availability, Promotion, and Signs of Alcohol Consumption: A Mixed Methods Study of Perceived Exposure and Objective Measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218153. [PMID: 33158210 PMCID: PMC7662601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the alcohol environment comparing residents’ perceptions and objective measures in two different income-level districts. Measures were gathered between 2017 and 2018 in two districts with different income levels in Madrid, Spain. We obtained perceived measures using Photovoice. We procured objective measures through social systematic observation. Data were integrated using triangulation. Perceived and objective measures of the alcohol environment were characterized and compared in terms of alcohol availability, alcohol promotion, and signs of alcohol consumption. The integration was classified as agreement, partial agreement, or dissonance. The results related to alcohol availability and signs of its consumption showed high agreement. Availability was high in both areas, which was recognized by residents. Residents of the high-income district (HID) discussed fewer signs of alcohol consumption, whilst those in the low-income district (LID) reported extensive signs of consumption. Such observations agreed with the objective measures. There were dissonances between the approaches for alcohol promotion. Although the alcohol promotion was higher in HID according to the objective measures, it was deeply discussed by LID residents. Both methodologies helped us deepen the understanding of the alcohol environment. These results may help design more effective interventions to prevent hazardous drinking.
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Gururaj G, Gautham MS, Arvind BA. Alcohol consumption in India: A rising burden and a fractured response. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:368-384. [PMID: 33000887 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES To review the burden of alcohol use in India, examine current policy initiatives and programs specific to India and provide a roadmap for future actions. APPROACH A literature search was undertaken to review available published research papers, unpublished reports and anecdotal media information in the period 2000-2020 to assess the burden and pattern of alcohol use and appraise alcohol control policies in India. KEY FINDINGS The per-capita alcohol consumption among individuals aged 15+ years was 5.7 L, which increased over time. Prevalence of alcohol use varied across states with considerable impact on the nation. Regulatory policies and alcohol control programs vary across Indian states, with poor enforcement and implementation. Taxation and pricing policies are revenue oriented. Policies are needed to address the aggressive and innovative marketing strategies of the alcohol industry. The system for regular monitoring of alcohol burden and conducting alcohol policy analysis needs strengthening. IMPLICATIONS Alcohol use and its public health impact would continue to increase in India in the absence of effective policy and programs; the country may not achieve its stated goal of relative reduction of alcohol use prevalence by 10% by 2025. CONCLUSION The prevailing alcohol control policies and programs in India have been less than fully effective in controlling the burden of alcohol use and its associated impact. There is a need for comprehensive, evidence-based and consensus-driven national alcohol control policy to appropriately guide and support the Indian states in regulating alcohol and reducing the associated burden. Effective implementations of such policies are central to its success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalkrishna Gururaj
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Melur S Gautham
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Banavaram A Arvind
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
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15
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Guillou-Landreat M, Dany A, Le Reste JY, Le Goff D, Benyamina A, Grall-Bronnec M, Gallopel-Morvan K. Impact of alcohol marketing on drinkers with Alcohol use disorders seeking treatment: a mixed-method study protocol. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:467. [PMID: 32264848 PMCID: PMC7140499 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The marketing of alcohol influences patterns of alcohol consumption. Existing studies have focused, for the most part, on adolescents and the links between exposure to marketing and alcohol initiation. In France, the Evin law, a French exception, was set up in 1991 with the aim of regulating this exposure to marketing, but since 2009 it has been severely compromised. Alcohol consumption causes severe damage, which may be seenfrom 1 standard unit per day and mostly among adults who are regular users of alcohol. In this at-risk population, studies analysing the impact of marketing are sparse. The specific objectives include (i) the evaluation of the perception of alcohol marketing by patients with an AUD (ii) gaining understanding of the links between alcohol marketing and patients with AUD behaviours (iii) the development of alcohol demarketing strategy in patients receiving AUD coaching. Methods Our main objective isto evaluate the impact of marketing on a population with an AUD. The methodology was in 4 steps: step 1 is a pre-test (N = 100) selecting type of alcohol consumed and type of marketing stimuli identified by patients aged 18 + with an AUD. Step 2 is a qualitative study (N = 20), with in-depth interview, to understand links between alcohol marketing and patients with AUD behaviours. Step 3 is a quantitative study(N = 600) to confirm these links and the impact of alcohol marketing on patients with AUD behaviours. Step 4 is an interventional step, including and testing the impact of demarketing intervention on patients with AUD while using the results of the three first steps (N = 120). Discussion This study will contribute to a better definition of the impact of alcohol marketing on patients with AUD and will enable identification of the determinants of this impact. These data will inform the development of interventions that take into account demarketingstrategies on patients under AUD management. Trial registration The Trial registrationregistration number is NCT03876132, and it was registered on the 15th march 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Guillou-Landreat
- Addictive disorders Unit, CHU Brest, Brest, France. .,EA 7479 SPURBO, University of Brest, Brest, France. .,HUGOPSY network, Brest, France.
| | - Antoine Dany
- EA 7479 SPURBO, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- HUGOPSY network, Brest, France.,Addictive Medicine and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 1246, SPHERE, Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research, Nantes and Tours University, Nantes, France
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16
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Noel JK, Sammartino CJ, Rosenthal SR. Exposure to Digital Alcohol Marketing and Alcohol Use: A Systematic Review. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl 2020:57-67. [PMID: 32079562 PMCID: PMC7064004 DOI: 10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol marketing has proliferated on digital media, such as websites, social media, and apps. A systematic review was conducted to examine studies of associations between exposure to digital alcohol marketing and alcohol consumption. METHOD Eight electronic databases were searched for "alcohol" and "marketing" through 14 February 2017. Studies were included if exposure to digital alcohol marketing and alcohol consumption, or related attitudes and intentions, were assessed. Studies were excluded if they only measured exposure to alcohol depictions posted online by family and friends. Study quality was also assessed. RESULTS In all, 25 studies were included, including 2 randomized controlled trials, 15 cross-sectional studies, and 8 prospective cohort studies. There was a consistent finding across studies that participation and engagement with digital alcohol marketing--such as clicking on an alcohol ad, visiting an alcohol-branded website, liking or sharing an ad on social media, or downloading alcohol-branded content--was positively associated with alcohol use. The effects of simple exposure to digital alcohol advertising were inconclusive. Proper blinding of subjects, measuring exposures before the outcomes, and measuring the exposures multiple times would improve study quality. CONCLUSIONS Although more research is needed, existing studies suggest that engagement with digital alcohol marketing is positively associated with increased alcohol consumption and increased binge or hazardous drinking behavior. Governments should consider implementing digital alcohol marketing regulations under the precautionary principle as the alcohol industry's self-regulated marketing codes are likely ineffective at protecting populations vulnerable to alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K. Noel
- Department of Health Science, College of
Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode
Island
| | - Cara J. Sammartino
- Department of Health Science, College of
Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode
Island
| | - Samantha R. Rosenthal
- Department of Health Science, College of
Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode
Island
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School
of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
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17
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Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM. Evidence for incentive salience sensitization as a pathway to alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:897-926. [PMID: 31672617 PMCID: PMC6878895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incentive salience sensitization (ISS) theory of addiction holds that addictive behavior stems from the ability of drugs to progressively sensitize the brain circuitry that mediates attribution of incentive salience (IS) to reward-predictive cues and its behavioral manifestations. In this article, we establish the plausibility of ISS as an etiological pathway to alcohol use disorder (AUD). We provide a comprehensive and critical review of evidence for: (1) the ability of alcohol to sensitize the brain circuitry of IS attribution and expression; and (2) attribution of IS to alcohol-predictive cues and its sensitization in humans and non-human animals. We point out gaps in the literature and how these might be addressed. We also highlight how individuals with different alcohol subjective response phenotypes may differ in susceptibility to ISS as a pathway to AUD. Finally, we discuss important implications of this neuropsychological mechanism in AUD for psychological and pharmacological interventions attempting to attenuate alcohol craving and cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U Cofresí
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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18
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Ventura-Cots M, Ballester-Ferré MP, Ravi S, Bataller R. Public health policies and alcohol-related liver disease. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:403-413. [PMID: 32039391 PMCID: PMC7005647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the highest levels of per capita alcohol consumption are observed in countries of the European Region. Alcohol consumption is also alarmingly increasing in developing countries. ALD is one of the main contributors to the burden of alcohol-attributable deaths and disability. In the United States, severe forms of ALD such alcoholic hepatitis have increased in the last decade and in the United Kingdom, three-quarters of liver-related mortality results from alcohol consumption. Besides genetic factors, there is strong evidence that the amount of alcohol consumed plays a major role in the development of advanced ALD. Establishing effective public health policies is therefore mandatory to reduce the burden of ALD. Since the 90s, major public health institutions and governments have developed a variety of policies in order to reduce the harm caused by excessive drinking. These policies encompass multiple factors, from pricing and taxation to advertising regulation. Measures focused on taxation and price regulation have been shown to be the most effective at reducing alcohol-related mortality. However, there are few studies focused on the effect of public policies on ALD. This review article summarises the factors influencing ALD burden and the role of different public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Samhita Ravi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Assessment of Automatically Activated Approach–Avoidance Biases Across Appetitive Substances. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The alcohol industry recognizes children and pregnant women as population sub-groups vulnerable to the effects of alcohol marketing. Research indicates that heavy alcohol users are also potentially vulnerable to alcohol marketing. The purpose of the current study is to determine if sub-groups defined by psychological characteristics should be classified as potentially vulnerable as well. METHODS College students (n = 326) from two northeast schools were recruited to complete a survey containing questions on demographics, alcohol use, and psychological characteristics (alcohol expectancies, alcohol dependence, sensation seeking traits, and past delinquent behaviors). Additionally, after viewing each of five alcohol ads (4 television and 1 magazine), participants answered questions about their perceptions of alcohol consumption, responsible drinking, excessive drinking, and appeal of the ads. Main effects were assessed using hierarchical linear modeling, with adjustment for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and AUDIT score. RESULTS Alcohol expectancies (p < .001), particularly the social and physical pleasure and social expressiveness sub-scales, and sensation seeking traits (p = .002) were positively associated with alcohol ad appeal. Alcohol dependence symptoms, specifically impaired control and tolerance, were positively associated with perceptions of responsible drinking (p = .035), even though mean perceived number of drinks consumed met the definition of binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with positive alcohol expectancies, sensation seeking traits, and alcohol dependence may be vulnerable to alcohol advertising and marketing. Because alcohol advertising often contains content that can serve as a cue or reinforce to drink, specific regulations may be needed to prevent alcohol-related harm from occurring in these sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Noel
- a Department of Health Science , Johnson & Wales University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- b Department of Community Health Sciences , Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Thomas F Babor
- c Department of Community Medicine and Health Care , University of Connecticut School of Medicine , Farmington , CT , USA
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21
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Frings D, Moss AC, Albery IP, Eskisan G, Wilcockson TDW, Marchant AP. Environmental Context Influences Visual Attention to Responsible Drinking Messages. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:46-51. [PMID: 29040357 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Responsible drinking messages (RDMs) are used as a key tool to reduce alcohol-related harms. A common form of RDM is in a poster format displayed in places such as bars, bus stops and toilet cubicles. However, evidence for the effectiveness of RDMs remains limited. Moreover, it is not known how environmental contexts (e.g. the number of alcohol-related cues in the environment) impact how such RDMs are interacted with, nor how this in turn affects their efficacy. Methods One hundred participants completed a pseudo taste preference task in either in a bar laboratory (alcohol cue rich environmental context) or a traditional laboratory. The walls of the laboratory displayed either RDM or control posters during this task and eye tracking was used to assess participant attention to the posters. Results Participants looked at the RDM posters less in the bar laboratory where the environmental context is rich in alcohol cues compared to a traditional laboratory where alcohol cues are sparse. Neither poster type or environmental context affected the amount of 'alcohol' consumed and the amount of visual attention given to RDMs was unrelated to the amount of 'alcohol' consumed. Conclusions These findings provide experimental evidence that RDMs do not influence drinking behaviour in the direction intended (reduced consumption in situ). In addition, locating RDMs in alcohol-cue rich environments may result in sub-optimal behavioural responses to the RDM materials (e.g. visual attention to content). To maximize the potential impact of RDMs, the optimal location for RDMs is in environments where pre-existing alcohol cues are sparse to non-existent. Short Summary Responsible drinking messages (RDMs) aim to reduce alcohol consumption, however, the findings of this study show that they may not influence in situ consumption. These findings also suggest that the optimal location for RDMs is in environments with few or no other alcohol-related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frings
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Antony C Moss
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Ian P Albery
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Guleser Eskisan
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Thomas D W Wilcockson
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.,Psychology Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Alexander P Marchant
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who are particularly vulnerable to the influence of alcohol advertising, such as youth, need special protections, yet little research has been done to determine if other vulnerable groups exist. Secondary data analysis was conducted to determine if perceptions of alcohol advertising differ between groups based on their alcohol use and whether the definition of "vulnerable" should be expanded beyond demographic categories. METHODS Students (n = 326) from 2 U.S. colleges viewed 5 alcohol ads and rated them using a scale designed to detect violations of the alcohol industry's self-regulated marketing codes. Individuals with a history of excessive alcohol use, as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), were considered potentially vulnerable to alcohol advertising and were compared against individuals without a history of excessive alcohol use. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine between-group differences in 4 dependent variables (ad appeal, perceived alcohol consumption, perceived excessive drinking, and perceived responsible drinking). All models were adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, sex, and parental alcohol use. RESULTS AUDIT risk categories were positively associated with ad appeal (p < 0.001), the amount of alcohol perceived to be consumed (p < 0.01), and perceptions of responsible drinking (p < 0.05). There was no significant associated with perceptions of excessive drinking. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a history of heavy alcohol use perceived greater alcohol consumption in alcohol ads but perceived this consumption, which often met the definition for binge drinking, to be responsible. Stricter regulations may be needed to protect heavy alcohol users from the effects of alcohol advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Noel
- a Department of Community Medicine and Health Care , University of Connecticut School of Medicine , Farmington , Connecticut , USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- b Department of Community Health Sciences , Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Thomas F Babor
- a Department of Community Medicine and Health Care , University of Connecticut School of Medicine , Farmington , Connecticut , USA
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23
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Wakefield MA, Brennan E, Dunstone K, Durkin SJ, Dixon HG, Pettigrew S, Slater MD. Immediate effects on adult drinkers of exposure to alcohol harm reduction advertisements with and without drinking guideline messages: experimental study. Addiction 2018; 113:1019-1029. [PMID: 29486097 DOI: 10.1111/add.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the immediate effects on drinkers of television advertisements focusing upon short- versus long-term harms with and without low-risk drinking guidelines. DESIGN Between-participants on-line experiment, with random assignment to view: (a) alcohol product advertisements (ALC control); (b) advertisements unrelated to alcohol (NON-ALC control); (c) advertisements featuring short-term harms (STH) of alcohol; (d) advertisements featuring STH plus a STH guideline (STH+G); (e) advertisements featuring long-term harms (LTH); or (f) advertisements featuring LTH plus a LTH guideline (LTH+G). SETTING Australia, 2016. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3718 drinkers aged 18-64 years (48.5% male). MEASUREMENTS Post-exposure likelihood that participants provided a correct estimate of drinking levels associated with short- and long-term harms; post-exposure intentions to avoid alcohol or reduce consumption. FINDINGS After exposure to STH+G or LTH+G advertisements, participants were more likely to estimate correctly rather than overestimate drinking levels associated with harm, compared with those exposed to STH (P < 0.001) and LTH advertisements without guidelines, respectively (P = 0.019) and ALC control (STH+G, P < 0.001; LTH+G, P < 0.001) and NON-ALC control conditions (STH+G, P < 0.001; LTH+G, P = 0.011). Drinkers exposed to STH conditions were more likely to intend to reduce next-week alcohol consumption than those exposed to ALC control (both P < 0.001) and NON-ALC control conditions (STH, P = 0.001; STH+G, P < 0.001); a similar pattern was observed for intentions to avoid alcohol. Drinkers exposed to LTH conditions were also more likely than drinkers exposed to ALC or NON-ALC controls to intend to avoid and reduce alcohol in the next week. Additionally, drinkers exposed to LTH+G were more likely to intend to reduce drinking than those exposed to LTH advertisements without guidelines (P = 0.022). Response patterns for low- and high-risk drinkers by condition were similar. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol harm television advertisements increase intentions to reduce alcohol consumption among both low- and high-risk drinkers. The addition of low-risk drinking guidelines can enhance these effects for advertisements featuring long-term harms and improve estimates of both short- and long-term harmful drinking levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Brennan
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kimberley Dunstone
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah J Durkin
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen G Dixon
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - Michael D Slater
- School of Communication Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Vasiljevic M, Couturier DL, Frings D, Moss AC, Albery IP, Marteau TM. Impact of lower strength alcohol labeling on consumption: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2018; 37:658-667. [PMID: 29698021 PMCID: PMC6001942 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Labels indicating low/light versions of tobacco and foods are perceived as less harmful, which may encourage people to consume more. There is an absence of evidence concerning the impact on consumption of labeling alcohol products as lower in strength. The current study tests the hypothesis that labeling wine and beer as lower in alcohol increases their consumption. Method: Weekly wine and beer drinkers (n = 264) sampled from a representative panel of the general population of England were randomized to one of three groups to taste test drinks in a bar-laboratory varying only in the label displayed; Group 1: verbal descriptor Super Low combined with 4% alcohol by volume (ABV) for wine/1% ABV for beer; Group 2: verbal descriptor Low combined with 8% ABV for wine/3% ABV for beer; Group 3: no verbal descriptors of strength (Regular). Primary outcome was total volume (ml) of drink consumed. Results: The results supported the study hypothesis: the total amount of drink consumed increased as the label on the drink denoted successively lower alcohol strength, BLin = .71, p = .015, 95% CI [0.13, 1.30]. Group contrasts showed significant differences between those offered drinks labeled as Super Low (M = 213.77) compared with Regular (M = 176.85), B = 1.43, p = .019, 95% CI [0.24, 2.61]. There was no significant difference in amount consumed between those offered drinks labeled as Low compared with Regular. Conclusions: These results suggest that labeling drinks as lower in strength increases the amount consumed. Further studies are warranted to test for replication in non-laboratory settings and to estimate whether any effects are at a level with the potential to harm health. Trial Registration: ISRCTN15530806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vasiljevic
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge
| | | | - Daniel Frings
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University
| | - Antony C Moss
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University
| | - Ian P Albery
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge
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Detpitukyon S, Apidechkul T, Sunsern R, Anuwatnonthakate A, Singhhorn O, Putsa B, Thutsanti P. Patterns and perception of alcohol drinking among the Lahu people, Northern Thailand. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-05-2018-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the pattern and perception of alcohol drinking among the Lahu people in northern Thailand.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative method was used to elicit information on the patterns and perceptions of alcohol drinking amongst the Lahu tribespeople. Question guidelines had been developed from literature reviews and approved by three experts in the field of public health and alcohol studies. A total of 21 participants of different ages and sexes from 3 separate Lahu villages were invited to provide information. All interviews were taped and transcribed before analysis. A content analysis was used.
Findings
Lahu people begin alcohol consumption at an average of 12 years, with males usually beginning before females of the same age. Consuming alcohol is perceived to be a sign of adulthood and is also used as a means of gaining social acceptance from others in the community. Alcohol is consumed throughout the year with young and old, male and females, describing varied reasons for drinking. Income, parental behavior, and peer pressure contributes to the onset of alcohol drinking among young Lahu people. Several factors contributed to the use of alcohol among the Lahu people such as sex, age, occupation and income, peer pressure, taste and price as well as cultural adaptations amongst the farming community that play a significant role in the frequency of alcohol consumption amongst the Lahu community.
Originality/value
The results should support the development of peer education on the negative impact of alcohol use among the young people, and development of a community agreement on reducing excessive alcohol use in the Lahu community should be implemented.
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Martin N, Buykx P, Shevills C, Sullivan C, Clark L, Newbury-Birch D. Population Level Effects of a Mass Media Alcohol and Breast Cancer Campaign: A Cross-Sectional Pre-Intervention and Post-Intervention Evaluation. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:31-38. [PMID: 29155922 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relationship between a TV-led breast cancer mass-media campaign in the North East of England (conducted in two waves: Jul/2015 and Nov/2015), awareness of the link between alcohol and cancer, intention to reduce alcohol consumption and support for alcohol related policies. METHODS Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted; one over the 2 weeks pre-campaign (n = 572); one immediately following campaign wave 1 (n = 576); and another immediately following campaign wave 2 (n = 552). Survey questions assessed; campaign exposure; awareness of the links between alcohol and related cancers; intention to change alcohol consumption; and support for alcohol related policies. RESULTS The proportion of respondents indicating awareness of alcohol as a cancer risk factor was larger post-campaign compared to pre-campaign. The largest increase was seen for breast cancer with 45% aware of the links post-campaign wave 2 compared to 33% pre-campaign. The proportion of respondents indicating 'strong support' of the seven alcohol related policies significantly increased between surveys. The proportion of respondents both aware of alcohol as a cancer risk factor and supportive of the seven alcohol related policies significantly increased between surveys. There was no significant change in self-reported intention to reduce alcohol consumption amongst increasing/higher risk drinkers. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that a mass-media campaign raising awareness of the links between alcohol and breast cancer is associated with increased awareness and alcohol related policy support at a population level. However, there was no association found with a change in short-term drinking intentions. SHORT SUMMARY A mass-media campaign raising awareness of the links between alcohol and breast cancer is associated with increased awareness and alcohol policy support at a population level but does not appear to be associated with a change in short term drinking intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Martin
- Balance-The North East Alcohol Office, Bede House, Ground Floor East, Unit 3, Belmont Business Park, Durham DH1 1TW, UK
| | - Penny Buykx
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK
| | - Colin Shevills
- Balance-The North East Alcohol Office, Bede House, Ground Floor East, Unit 3, Belmont Business Park, Durham DH1 1TW, UK
| | - Claire Sullivan
- Public Health England, Waterfront 4, Newburn Riverside, Newcastle upon Tyne NE15 8NY, UK
| | - Lynsey Clark
- Bluegrass Research Limited, Design Works, William Street, Gateshead NE10 0JP, UK
| | - Dorothy Newbury-Birch
- School of Health & Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, UK
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