1
|
Hartanto A, Wong J, Lua VYQ, Tng GYQ, Kasturiratna KTAS, Majeed NM. A Daily Diary Investigation of the Fear of Missing Out and Diminishing Daily Emotional Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Reappraisal. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1117-1155. [PMID: 36282043 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221135476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
With modern societies becoming ever-increasingly interconnected due to technology and media, we have gained unprecedented access and exposure to other people's lives. This has resulted in a greater desire to constantly be socially connected with the activities of others, or the fear of missing out (FoMO). While much of the present available research has established the association between FoMO and diminished emotional well-being, little has been done to identify protective factors that can help one cope with the negative psychological consequences of FoMO. Utilizing data from a 7-day diary study of a large sample of young adults (N = 261), the current study aimed to examine the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in attenuating diminished emotional well-being associated with FoMO. Multilevel modeling showed that cognitive reappraisal attenuated the day-to-day within-person associations between daily FoMO and indicators of daily emotional well-being such as negative affectivity, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andree Hartanto
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore
| | - Joax Wong
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore
| | - Verity Y Q Lua
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore
| | - Germaine Y Q Tng
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore
| | | | - Nadyanna M Majeed
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao S, Nie T. Boss, Can't You Hear Me? The Impact Mechanism of Supervisor Phone Snubbing (Phubbing) on Employee Psychological Withdrawal Behavior. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3167. [PMID: 38132057 PMCID: PMC10742795 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the excessive smartphone use in the workplace, supervisor phubbing has drawn broad concerns in managerial and academic fields. Though the neglect is unintentional, this behavior can generate counterproductive working behaviors. The basic assumptions of this study are that supervisor phubbing can impact employee psychological withdrawal behavior directly and indirectly via work alienation. To provide empirical evidence for the assumptions, the two-wave online survey of 302 Chinese employees without any supervisory functions was conducted on the Questionnaire Star platform. Based on the stressor-emotion model, work alienation is proved to be the psychological path in the positive relationship between supervisor phubbing and employee psychological withdrawal behavior. Different from the current studies exploring the impact mechanism of phubbing behavior on psychological withdrawal behavior between parents and children, couples, or friends, we put this mechanism into the workplace and focus on subordinate-superior relationships. In addition, the positive indirect effects are enhanced when employees have higher interpersonal sensitivity. In practice, these findings suggest that organizations should normalize the smart devices use in the workplace, and supervisors should balance their working roles with other roles. In addition, organizations should strengthen training on adjusting to negative emotions and interpersonal sensitivity control at work. Although two rounds of the time-lagged data were collected in a one-month interval, the limitations of cross-section data still exist, so the conclusions cannot establish causality. Hence, future research may conduct experimental or longitudinal research designs to make the conclusion more rigorous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Yao
- School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China;
- School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Ting Nie
- School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garrett SL, Burnell K, Armstrong-Carter EL, Nelson BW, Prinstein MJ, Telzer EH. Links Between Objectively-Measured Hourly Smartphone Use and Adolescent Wake Events Across Two Weeks. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38039087 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2286595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychosocial and bioregulatory pressures threaten sleep during adolescence. Although recent work suggests that the ubiquity of smartphone use throughout adolescence may also relate to poorer sleep outcomes, most existing research relies upon self-report and retrospective measures. This study drew upon objective measures of smartphone use and sleep at the hourly level to understand how smartphone use was associated with the duration of wake events during sleeping hours. METHODS Across a 14-day daily study, 59 racially and ethnically diverse adolescents ages 15 to 18 had their sleep assessed via Fitbit Inspire 2 devices and uploaded screenshots of their screen time, pickups, and notifications as logged by their iPhone's iOS. Multi-level modeling was performed to assess hourly level associations between adolescent smartphone use and wake-events during their sleep sessions (N = 4,287 hourly cases). RESULTS In hours during adolescents' sleep session with more screen time or pickups, adolescents had longer wake event duration. More notifications in a given hour were not associated with wake event duration in the same hour. CONCLUSIONS Using objectively measured smartphone and sleep data collected at the hourly level, we found that during sleeping hours, when adolescents are actively engaging with their smartphones, their sleep is disrupted, such that their wake events are longer in that hour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shedrick L Garrett
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kaitlyn Burnell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Benjamin W Nelson
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Montag C, Markett S. Social media use and everyday cognitive failure: investigating the fear of missing out and social networks use disorder relationship. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:872. [PMID: 38001436 PMCID: PMC10668512 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly five billion individuals worldwide are using social media platforms. While the benefits of using social media, such as fostering social connections, are clear, ongoing discussions are focused on whether excessive use of these platforms might have adverse effects on cognitive functioning. Excessive social media use shares similarities with addictive behaviors and is believed to result from a complex interplay of individual characteristics, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Among these contributing factors, one of particular interest is the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), a state where an individual apprehends that others are experiencing rewarding moments in their absence (but see more information on the FoMO trait/state debate in this article). METHODS In this study, we aimed to explore the intricate relationships between FoMO, tendencies towards Social Networks Use Disorder (SNUD), and everyday cognitive failures. To achieve this, we gathered a large sample of N = 5314 participants and administered a comprehensive set of questionnaires. These included a Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) scale, which assessed both trait and state aspects of FoMO, the Social Networking Sites-Addiction Test (SNS-AT), designed to gauge tendencies towards SNUD, and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), which measured everyday cognitive lapses. RESULTS Our findings revealed that among non-users of social media, both FoMO and everyday cognitive failures were at their lowest levels. Further, in the group of social media users, we observed a significant relationship between FoMO and cognitive failures, which was mediated by SNUD tendencies. This mediation was particularly pronounced for the state component of FoMO, which encompasses maladaptive thoughts related to online behavior. CONCLUSIONS While our study is cross-sectional and thus cannot establish causality, one plausible interpretation of our findings is that higher FoMO tendencies may trigger excessive social media use, which in turn could lead to cognitive failures, possibly due to distraction and reduced attention to everyday tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Markett
- Molecular Psychology, Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hartanto A, Chua YJ, Quek FYX, Wong J, Ooi WM, Majeed NM. Problematic smartphone usage, objective smartphone engagement, and executive functions: A latent variable analysis. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:2610-2625. [PMID: 37188861 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The negative consequences of smartphone usage have seen frequent discourse in popular media. While existing studies seek to resolve these debates in relation to executive functions, findings are still limited and mixed. This is partly due to the lack of conceptual clarity about smartphone usage, the use of self-reported measures, and problems related to task impurity. Addressing these limitations, the current study utilizes a latent variable approach to examine various types of smartphone usage, including objectively measured data-logged screen time and screen-checking, and nine executive function tasks in 260 young adults through a multi-session study. Our structural equation models showed no evidence that self-reported normative smartphone usage, objective screen time, and objective screen-checking are associated with deficits in latent factors of inhibitory control, task-switching, and working memory capacity. Only self-reported problematic smartphone usage was associated with deficits in latent factor task-switching. These findings shed light on the boundary conditions of the link between smartphone usage and executive functions and suggest that smartphone usage in moderation may not have inherent harms on cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Jing Chua
- Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joax Wong
- Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ming Ooi
- Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lino TB, Scarmagnan GS, Sobrinho-Junior SA, Tessari GMF, Gonçalves GH, Pereira HM, Christofoletti G. Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and Cognition. Brain Sci 2023; 13:987. [PMID: 37508919 PMCID: PMC10376959 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using smartphones during a task that requires upright posture is suggested to be detrimental for the overall motor performance. The aim of this study was to determine the role of age and specific aspects of cognitive function on walking and standing tasks in the presence of smartphone use. METHODS 51 older (36 women) and 50 young (35 women), mean age: 66.5 ± 6.3 and 22.3 ± 1.7 years, respectively, were enrolled in this study. The impact of using a smartphone was assessed during a dynamic (timed up and go, TUG) and a static balance test (performed on a force platform). Multivariate analyses of variance were applied to verify main effects of age, task, estimates of cognitive function and interactions. RESULTS Compared to young, older individuals exhibited a poorer performance on the dynamic and on the static test (age effect: p = 0.001 for both variables). Dual-tasking with a smartphone had a negative impact on both groups (task effect: p = 0.001 for both variables). The negative impact, however, was greater in the older group (age × task effect: p = 0.001 for both variables). Executive function and verbal fluency partially explained results of the dynamic and static tests, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The negative impact of using a smartphone while performing tasks similar to daily activities is higher in older compared to young people. Subclinical deficits in distinct aspects of cognitive function partially explain the decreased performance when dual-tasking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayla B Lino
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriella S Scarmagnan
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil
| | - Sidney A Sobrinho-Junior
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M F Tessari
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil
| | - Glaucia H Gonçalves
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo M Pereira
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OU 73019, USA
| | - Gustavo Christofoletti
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen TM, Leow AD, Ajilore O. A Review on Smartphone Keystroke Dynamics as a Digital Biomarker for Understanding Neurocognitive Functioning. Brain Sci 2023; 13:959. [PMID: 37371437 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Can digital technologies provide a passive unobtrusive means to observe and study cognition outside of the laboratory? Previously, cognitive assessments and monitoring were conducted in a laboratory or clinical setting, allowing for a cross-sectional glimpse of cognitive states. In the last decade, researchers have been utilizing technological advances and devices to explore ways of assessing cognition in the real world. We propose that the virtual keyboard of smartphones, an increasingly ubiquitous digital device, can provide the ideal conduit for passive data collection to study cognition. Passive data collection occurs without the active engagement of a participant and allows for near-continuous, objective data collection. Most importantly, this data collection can occur in the real world, capturing authentic datapoints. This method of data collection and its analyses provide a more comprehensive and potentially more suitable insight into cognitive states, as intra-individual cognitive fluctuations over time have shown to be an early manifestation of cognitive decline. We review different ways passive data, centered around keystroke dynamics, collected from smartphones, have been used to assess and evaluate cognition. We also discuss gaps in the literature where future directions of utilizing passive data can continue to provide inferences into cognition and elaborate on the importance of digital data privacy and consent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alex D Leow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fabio RA, Suriano R. The Influence of Smartphone Use on Tweens' Capacity for Complex Critical Thinking. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040698. [PMID: 37189947 DOI: 10.3390/children10040698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The spread of modern technologies exposes many people to a high level of ambiguous and misleading information that can impact people's judgments and worldviews. This happens especially in a phase of life such as preadolescence when children are particularly sensitive to external conditioning. Critical thinking can be seen as the first line of defense against misleading information. However, little is known about the consequences of media use on the critical thinking skills of tweens. In this study, we evaluated the effects of problematic smartphone use on the various stages of critical thinking, comparing high and low tween smartphone users. The results confirm the main hypothesis, namely, that problematic smartphone use is related to the ability to think critically. There was a significant difference between high and low users in the third phase of critical thinking: evaluation of sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angela Fabio
- Department of Economy, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi, 75, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Suriano
- Department of Cognitive, Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Veerapandian KD, Tan GXD, Majeed NM, Hartanto A. Executive Function Deficits and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptomatology in a Nonclinical Adult Sample: A Latent Variable Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020206. [PMID: 36831751 PMCID: PMC9953861 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
While borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology has been studied extensively in clinical populations, the mechanisms underlying its manifestation in nonclinical populations remain largely understudied. One aspect of BPD symptomatology in nonclinical populations that has not been well studied is cognitive mechanisms, especially in relation to executive functions. To explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying BPD symptomatology in nonclinical populations, we analysed a large-scale dataset of 233 young adults that were administered with nine executive function tasks and BPD symptomatology assessments. Our structural equation modelling did not find any significant relations between latent factors of executive functions and the severity of BPD symptomatology. Contrary to our hypothesis, our result suggests that deficits in executive functions were not a risk factor for BPD symptomatology in the nonclinical young adult sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel X. D. Tan
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore 179873, Singapore
| | - Nadyanna M. Majeed
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Andree Hartanto
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore 179873, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|