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Seyedmirzaei H, Salmannezhad A, Ashayeri H, Shushtari A, Farazinia B, Heidari MM, Momayezi A, Shaki Baher S. Growth-Associated Protein 43 and Tensor-Based Morphometry Indices in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neuroinformatics 2024; 22:239-250. [PMID: 38630411 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-024-09663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is found in the axonal terminal of neurons in the limbic system, which is affected in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assumed GAP-43 may contribute to AD progression and serve as a biomarker. So, in a two-year follow-up study, we assessed GAP-43 changes and whether they are correlated with tensor-based morphometry (TBM) findings in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We included MCI and cognitively normal (CN) people with available baseline and follow-up cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GAP-43 and TBM findings from the ADNI database. We assessed the difference between the two groups and correlations in each group at each time point. CSF GAP-43 and TBM measures were similar in the two study groups in all time points, except for the accelerated anatomical region of interest (ROI) of CN subjects that were significantly greater than those of MCI. The only significant correlations with GAP-43 observed were those inverse correlations with accelerated and non-accelerated anatomical ROI in MCI subjects at baseline. Plus, all TBM metrics decreased significantly in all study groups during the follow-up in contrast to CSF GAP-43 levels. Our study revealed significant associations between CSF GAP-43 levels and TBM indices among people of the AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Seyedmirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Ashayeri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shushtari
- Faculty of Medicine , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Bita Farazinia
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirali Momayezi
- School of Chemical engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Shaki Baher
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Tao X, Zhang W, Chen C, Tao Y, Tao Y, Chen Z, Zhang G. miR-101a-3p/ROCK2 axis regulates neuronal injury in Parkinson's disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8732-8746. [PMID: 38775730 PMCID: PMC11164493 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). This study focuses on deciphering the role of microRNA (miR)-101a-3p in the neuronal injury of PD and its regulatory mechanism. METHODS We constructed a mouse model of PD by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP), and used 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to treat Neuro-2a cells to construct an in-vitro PD model. Neurological dysfunction in mice was evaluated by swimming test and traction test. qRT-PCR was utilized to examine miR-101a-3p expression and ROCK2 expression in mouse brain tissues and Neuro-2a cells. Western blot was conducted to detect the expression of α-synuclein protein and ROCK2 in mouse brain tissues and Neuro-2a cells. The targeting relationship between miR-101a-3p and ROCK2 was determined by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The apoptosis of neuro-2a cells was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Low miR-101a-3p expression and high ROCK2 expression were found in the brain tissues of PD mice and MPP+-treated Neuro-2a cells; PD mice showed decreased neurological disorders, and apoptosis of Neuro-2a cells was increased after MPP+ treatment, both of which were accompanied by increased accumulation of α-synuclein protein. After miR-101a-3p was overexpressed, the neurological function of PD mice was improved, and the apoptosis of Neuro-2a cells induced by MPP+ was alleviated, and the accumulation of α-synuclein protein was reduced; ROCK2 overexpression counteracted the protective effect of miR-101a-3p. Additionally, ROCK2 was identified as the direct target of miR-101a-3p. CONCLUSION MiR-101a-3p can reduce neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficit in PD mice by inhibiting ROCK2 expression, suggesting that miR-101a-3p is a promising therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Wuhan First Stomatological Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yun Tao
- Department of Stomatology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Rho-ROCK Pathway in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2023; 101:536-543. [PMID: 37722862 PMCID: PMC10516277 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
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Warth Perez Arias CC, Silbern I, Caldi Gomes L, Wartmann H, Dambeck V, Fanz J, Neuenroth L, Bähr M, Outeiro TF, Bonn S, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Rizzoli SO, Lenz C, Urlaub H, Lingor P. Proteomic analysis of the human hippocampus identifies neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) as synapto-axonal target in late-stage Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2023; 166:862-874. [PMID: 37515330 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects a significant proportion of the population over the age of 60 years, and its prevalence is increasing. While symptomatic treatment is available for motor symptoms of PD, non-motor complications such as dementia result in diminished life quality for patients and are far more difficult to treat. In this study, we analyzed PD-associated alterations in the hippocampus of PD patients, since this brain region is strongly affected by PD dementia. We focused on synapses, analyzing the proteome of post-mortal hippocampal tissue from 16 PD cases and 14 control subjects by mass spectrometry. Whole tissue lysates and synaptosomal fractions were analyzed in parallel. Differential analysis combined with bioinformatic network analyses identified neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) to be significantly dysregulated in PD and interacting with proteins of the synaptic compartment. Modulation of NPTX1 protein levels in primary hippocampal neuron cultures validated its role in synapse morphology. Our analysis suggests that NPTX1 contributes to synaptic pathology in late-stage PD and represents a putative target for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina C Warth Perez Arias
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1286 "Quantitative Synaptology", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Silbern
- Collaborative Research Center 1286 "Quantitative Synaptology", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Caldi Gomes
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannes Wartmann
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vivian Dambeck
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Fanz
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Neuenroth
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Natural Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Collaborative Research Center 1286 "Quantitative Synaptology", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1286 "Quantitative Synaptology", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Collaborative Research Center 1286 "Quantitative Synaptology", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Collaborative Research Center 1286 "Quantitative Synaptology", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1286 "Quantitative Synaptology", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Sousa T, Moreira PI, Cardoso S. Current Advances in Mitochondrial Targeted Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2331. [PMID: 37760774 PMCID: PMC10525414 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and affects the lives not only of those who are diagnosed but also of their caregivers. Despite the enormous social, economic and political burden, AD remains a disease without an effective treatment and with several failed attempts to modify the disease course. The fact that AD clinical diagnosis is most often performed at a stage at which the underlying pathological events are in an advanced and conceivably irremediable state strongly hampers treatment attempts. This raises the awareness of the need to identify and characterize the early brain changes in AD, in order to identify possible novel therapeutic targets to circumvent AD's cascade of events. One of the most auspicious targets is mitochondria, powerful organelles found in nearly all cells of the body. A vast body of literature has shown that mitochondria from AD patients and model organisms of the disease differ from their non-AD counterparts. In view of this evidence, preserving and/or restoring mitochondria's health and function can represent the primary means to achieve advances to tackle AD. In this review, we will briefly assess and summarize the previous and latest evidence of mitochondria dysfunction in AD. A particular focus will be given to the recent updates and advances in the strategy options aimed to target faulty mitochondria in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Singhal K, Dhamija S, Mukerji M. Exonized Alu repeats in the 3'UTR of a CYP20A1_Alu-LT transcript act as a miRNA sponge. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 36895043 PMCID: PMC9996890 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alu repeats have gained huge importance in the creation and modification of regulatory networks. We previously reported a unique isoform of human CYP20A1 i.e. CYP20A1_Alu-LT with 23 Alu repeats exonized in its 9 kb long 3'UTR with 4742 potential binding sites for 994 miRNAs. The role of this transcript was hypothesized as a potential miRNA sponge in primary neurons as its expression correlated with that of 380 genes having shared miRNA sites and enriched in neuro-coagulopathy. This study provides experimental evidence for the miRNA sponge activity of CYP20A1_Alu-LT in neuronal cell lines. RESULTS We studied the Alu-rich fragment of the CYP20A1_Alu-LT extended 3'UTR with > 10 binding sites for miR-619-5p and miR-3677-3p. Enrichment of the Alu-rich fragment with Ago2 confirmed miRNA association of this transcript. Cloning the fragment downstream of a reporter gene led to a 90% decrease in luciferase activity. Overexpression and knockdown studies revealed a positive correlation between the expression of CYP20A1_Alu-LT and miR-619-5p / miR-3677-3p target genes. GAP43, one of the key modulators of nerve regeneration, was significantly altered by the expression of CYP20A1_Alu-LT. This study, for the first time, provides evidence for a unique regulatory function of exonized Alu repeats as miRNA sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Singhal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, 110025, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonam Dhamija
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, 110025, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, 110025, New Delhi, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, 342037, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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Zhang P, Zhao L, Li H, Shen J, Li H, Xing Y. Novel diagnostic biomarkers related to immune infiltration in Parkinson's disease by bioinformatics analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1083928. [PMID: 36777638 PMCID: PMC9909419 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1083928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is Pengfei Zhang Liwen Zhao Pengfei Zhang Liwen Zhao a common neurological disorder involving a complex relationship with immune infiltration. Therefore, we aimed to explore PD immune infiltration patterns and identify novel immune-related diagnostic biomarkers. Materials and methods Three substantia nigra expression microarray datasets were integrated with elimination of batch effects. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the "limma" package, and functional enrichment was analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to explore the key module most significantly associated with PD; the intersection of DEGs and the key module in WGCNA were considered common genes (CGs). The CG protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify candidate hub genes by cytoscape. Candidate hub genes were verified by another two datasets. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the hub gene diagnostic ability, with further gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The immune infiltration level was evaluated by ssGSEA and CIBERSORT methods. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the hub genes association with immune cells. Finally, a nomogram model and microRNA-TF-mRNA network were constructed based on immune-related biomarkers. Results A total of 263 CGs were identified by the intersection of 319 DEGs and 1539 genes in the key turquoise module. Eleven candidate hub genes were screened by the R package "UpSet." We verified the candidate hub genes based on two validation sets and identified six (SYT1, NEFM, NEFL, SNAP25, GAP43, and GRIA1) that distinguish the PD group from healthy controls. Both CIBERSORT and ssGSEA revealed a significantly increased proportion of neutrophils in the PD group. Correlation between immune cells and hub genes showed SYT1, NEFM, GAP43, and GRIA1 to be significantly related to immune cells. Moreover, the microRNA-TFs-mRNA network revealed that the microRNA-92a family targets all four immune-related genes in PD pathogenesis. Finally, a nomogram exhibited a reliable capability of predicting PD based on the four immune-related genes (AUC = 0.905). Conclusion By affecting immune infiltration, SYT1, NEFM, GAP43, and GRIA1, which are regulated by the microRNA-92a family, were identified as diagnostic biomarkers of PD. The correlation of these four genes with neutrophils and the microRNA-92a family in PD needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongguo Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Yongguo Xing,
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Tanaka R, Liao J, Hada K, Mori D, Nagai T, Matsuzaki T, Nabeshima T, Kaibuchi K, Ozaki N, Mizoguchi H, Yamada K. Inhibition of Rho-kinase ameliorates decreased spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex and methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice carrying schizophrenia-associated mutations of the Arhgap10 gene. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106589. [PMID: 36462727 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Copy-number variations in the ARHGAP10 gene encoding Rho GTPase-activating protein 10 are associated with schizophrenia. Model mice (Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice) that carry "double-hit" mutations in the Arhgap10 gene mimic the schizophrenia in a Japanese patient, exhibiting altered spine density, methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, and activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling. However, it remains unclear whether the activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling due to schizophrenia-associated Arhgap10 mutations causes the phenotypes of these model mice. Here, we investigated the effects of fasudil, a brain permeable Rho-kinase inhibitor, on altered spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and on methamphetamine-induced cognitive impairment in a touchscreen‑based visual discrimination task in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. Fasudil (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) suppressed the increased phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1, a substrate of Rho-kinase, in the striatum and mPFC of Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. In addition, daily oral administration of fasudil (20 mg/kg/day) for 7 days ameliorated the reduced spine density of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the mPFC. Moreover, fasudil (3-20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) rescued the methamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg)-induced cognitive impairment of visual discrimination in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. Our results suggest that Rho-kinase plays significant roles in the neuropathological changes in spine morphology and in the vulnerability of cognition to methamphetamine in mice with schizophrenia-associated Arhgap10 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinako Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Jingzhu Liao
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Matsuzaki
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0069, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1129, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0069, Japan.
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Wang Q, Song LJ, Ding ZB, Chai Z, Yu JZ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Advantages of Rho-associated kinases and their inhibitor fasudil for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2623-2631. [PMID: 35662192 PMCID: PMC9165373 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog (Rho)-associated kinases (ROCKs) belong to the serine-threonine kinase family, which plays a pivotal role in regulating the damage, survival, axon guidance, and regeneration of neurons. ROCKs are also involved in the biological effects of immune cells and glial cells, as well as the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Previous studies by us and others confirmed that ROCKs inhibitors attenuated the symptoms and progression of experimental models of the abovementioned neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting neuroinflammation, regulating immune imbalance, repairing the blood-brain barrier, and promoting nerve repair and myelin regeneration. Fasudil, the first ROCKs inhibitor to be used clinically, has a good therapeutic effect on neurodegenerative diseases. Fasudil increases the activity of neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, thus optimizing cell therapy. This review will systematically describe, for the first time, the effects of abnormal activation of ROCKs on T cells, B cells, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and pericytes in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system, summarize the therapeutic potential of fasudil in several experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases, and clarify the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of ROCKs inhibition. This review also proposes that fasudil is a novel potential treatment, especially in combination with cell-based therapy. Findings from this review add support for further investigation of ROCKs and its inhibitor fasudil for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ding
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Datong Fifth People’s Hospital, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
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Cell Biology of Parkin: Clues to the Development of New Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:1249-1267. [PMID: 36378485 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and contributes significantly to morbidity globally. Currently, no disease-modifying therapies exist to combat this disorder. Insights from the molecular and cellular pathobiology of the disease seems to indicate promising therapeutic targets. The parkin protein has been extensively studied for its role in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease and, more recently, its role in sporadic Parkinson's disease. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a prominent role in mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial-dependent cell death pathways, and other diverse functions. Understanding the numerous roles of parkin has introduced many new possibilities for therapeutic modalities in treating both autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease and sporadic Parkinson's disease. In this article, we review parkin biology with an emphasis on mitochondrial-related functions and propose novel, potentially disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for treating this debilitating condition.
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11
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Pattarachotanant N, Sornkaew N, Warayanon W, Rangsinth P, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Vongthip W, Chuchawankul S, Prasansuklab A, Tencomnao T. Aquilaria crassna Leaf Extract Ameliorates Glucose-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Improves Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173668. [PMID: 36079924 PMCID: PMC9460374 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the important causes of neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec (AC) has been widely used to relieve various health ailments. However, the neuroprotective and anti-aging effects against high glucose induction have not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hexane extract of AC leaves (ACH) in vitro using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in vivo using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. SH-SY5Y cells and C. elegans were pre-exposed with high glucose, followed by ACH treatment. To investigate neuroprotective activities, neurite outgrowth and cell cycle progression were determined in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, C. elegans was used to determine ACH effects on antioxidant activity, longevity, and healthspan. In addition, ACH phytochemicals were analyzed and the possible active compounds were identified using a molecular docking study. ACH exerted neuroprotective effects by inducing neurite outgrowth via upregulating growth-associated protein 43 and teneurin-4 expression and normalizing cell cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin D1 and SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, ACH prolonged lifespan, improved body size, body length, and brood size, and reduced intracellular ROS accumulation in high glucose-induced C. elegans via the activation of gene expression in the DAF-16/FoxO pathway. Finally, phytochemicals of ACH were analyzed and revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were the possible active constituents in inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFR). The results of this study establish ACH as an alternative medicine to defend against high glucose effects on neurotoxicity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattaporn Pattarachotanant
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nilubon Sornkaew
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Watis Warayanon
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wudtipong Vongthip
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-218-1533
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12
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Xiao L, Tang X, Hu X, Feng X, Gong R, Wang F, Zhang X. Serum Level of Growth-Associated Protein 43 Is Associated with First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients without Antipsychotic Drugs Treatment. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:4719271. [PMID: 35615548 PMCID: PMC9126667 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4719271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) is closely related to neural development, axon regeneration, and synaptic reconstruction and is one of the important markers of neuronal damage. Therefore, in our study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the serum level of GAP43 protein in schizophrenia patients (n = 188), healthy controls (n = 200), and bipolar disorder patients (n = 200). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the mental status of schizophrenia patients, and the Scale of Social Function in Psychosis Inpatients (SSPI) was used to evaluate the social function of schizophrenia patients. According to this study, we found the serum GAP43 level was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in bipolar disorder patients, while serum GAP43 levels in bipolar disorder patients were significantly higher than those in control group. When the cut-off value was set as 2.328 ng/mL, the area under the curve (AUC) of serum GAP43 was 0.7795 (95% CI: 0.7431-0.8158) for diagnosis of schizophrenia. The sensitivity and specificity were 92.02% and 65.25%, respectively. However, no correlation between serum GAP43 and the total scores of PANSS scale in schizophrenia patients as well as between serum GAP43 level and SSPI were observed. Therefore, we believe that GAP43 may be a potential diagnostic marker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qinglongshan Mental Hospital, Nanjing 211123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- The Second People's Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing 211103, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotang Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qinglongshan Mental Hospital, Nanjing 211123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ronglan Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qinglongshan Mental Hospital, Nanjing 211123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qinglongshan Mental Hospital, Nanjing 211123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Nelke A, García-López S, Martínez-Serrano A, Pereira MP. Multifactoriality of Parkinson's Disease as Explored Through Human Neural Stem Cells and Their Transplantation in Middle-Aged Parkinsonian Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:773925. [PMID: 35126116 PMCID: PMC8807563 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no cure. Cell replacement therapy is a potential treatment for PD; however, this therapy has more clinically beneficial outcomes in younger patients with less advanced PD. In this study, hVM1 clone 32 cells, a line of human neural stem cells, were characterized and subsequently transplanted in middle-aged Parkinsonian mice in order to examine cell replacement therapy as a treatment for PD. In vitro analyses revealed that these cells express standard dopamine-centered markers as well as others associated with mitochondrial and peroxisome function, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Four months after the transplantation of the hVM1 clone 32 cells, striatal expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was minimally reduced in all Parkinsonian mice but that of dopamine transporter was decreased to a greater extent in buffer compared to cell-treated mice. Behavioral tests showed marked differences between experimental groups, and cell transplant improved hyperactivity and gait alterations, while in the striatum, astroglial populations were increased in all groups due to age and a higher amount of microglia were found in Parkinsonian mice. In the motor cortex, nonphosphorylated neurofilament heavy was increased in all Parkinsonian mice. Overall, these findings demonstrate that hVM1 clone 32 cell transplant prevented motor and non-motor impairments and that PD is a complex disorder with many influencing factors, thus reinforcing the idea of novel targets for PD treatment that tend to be focused on dopamine and nigrostriatal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nelke
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia García-López
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Serrano
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta P. Pereira
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Scheiblich H, Dansokho C, Mercan D, Schmidt SV, Bousset L, Wischhof L, Eikens F, Odainic A, Spitzer J, Griep A, Schwartz S, Bano D, Latz E, Melki R, Heneka MT. Microglia jointly degrade fibrillar alpha-synuclein cargo by distribution through tunneling nanotubes. Cell 2021; 184:5089-5106.e21. [PMID: 34555357 PMCID: PMC8527836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the CNS resident immune cells that react to misfolded proteins through pattern recognition receptor ligation and activation of inflammatory pathways. Here, we studied how microglia handle and cope with α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils and their clearance. We found that microglia exposed to α-syn establish a cellular network through the formation of F-actin-dependent intercellular connections, which transfer α-syn from overloaded microglia to neighboring naive microglia where the α-syn cargo got rapidly and effectively degraded. Lowering the α-syn burden attenuated the inflammatory profile of microglia and improved their survival. This degradation strategy was compromised in cells carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. We confirmed the intercellular transfer of α-syn assemblies in microglia using organotypic slice cultures, 2-photon microscopy, and neuropathology of patients. Together, these data identify a mechanism by which microglia create an "on-demand" functional network in order to improve pathogenic α-syn clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Scheiblich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cira Dansokho
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dilek Mercan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luc Bousset
- Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederik Eikens
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandru Odainic
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jasper Spitzer
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Griep
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; Divison of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA.
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15
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Sanchez A, Morales I, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Sole-Sabater M, Rodriguez M. Astrocytes, a Promising Opportunity to Control the Progress of Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101341. [PMID: 34680458 PMCID: PMC8533570 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no efficient treatment to prevent the evolution of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is generated by the concurrent activity of multiple factors, which is a serious obstacle for the development of etio-pathogenic treatments. Astrocytes may act on most factors involved in PD and the promotion of their neuroprotection activity may be particularly suitable to prevent the onset and progression of this basal ganglia (BG) disorder. The main causes proposed for PD, the ability of astrocytes to control these causes, and the procedures that can be used to promote the neuroprotective action of astrocytes will be commented upon, here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.R.-S.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.R.-S.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Rodriguez-Sabate
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.R.-S.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sole-Sabater
- Department of Neurology, La Candelaria University Hospital, 38010 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.R.-S.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-319361; Fax: +34-922-319397
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16
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Yang YJ, Bu LL, Shen C, Ge JJ, He SJ, Yu HL, Tang YL, Jue Z, Sun YM, Yu WB, Zuo CT, Wu JJ, Wang J, Liu FT. Fasudil Promotes α-Synuclein Clearance in an AAV-Mediated α-Synuclein Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease by Autophagy Activation. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:969-979. [PMID: 32568105 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, but the disease-modifying therapies focusing on the core pathological changes are still unavailable. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) has been suggested as a promising target for developing neuroprotective therapies in PD. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the promotion of α-synuclein (α-syn) clearance in a rat model. METHODS In a rat model induced by unilateral injection of adeno-associated virus of serotype 9 (AAV9) expressing A53T α-syn (AAV9-A53T-α-syn) into the right substantia nigra, we aimed to investigate whether Fasudil could promote α-syn clearance and thereby attenuate motor impairments and dopaminergic deficits. RESULTS In our study, treatment with Fasudil (5 mg/kg rat weight/day) for 8 weeks significantly improved the motor deficits in the Cylinder and Rotarod tests. In the in vivo positron emission tomography imaging with the ligand 18F-dihydrotetrabenazine, Fasudil significantly enhanced the dopaminergic imaging in the injected striatum of the rat model (p < 0.05 vs. vehicle group, p < 0.01 vs. left striatum in Fasudil group). The following mechanistic study confirmed that Fasudil could promote the autophagic clearance of α-syn by Becline 1 and Akt/mTOR pathways. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that Fasudil, the ROCK2 inhibitor, could attenuate the anatomical and behavioral lesions in the Parkinsonian rat model by autophagy activation. Our results identify Fasudil as a drug with high translational potential as disease-modifying treatment for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Bu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jie Ge
- PET Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jin He
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ling Yu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lin Tang
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Jue
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Min Sun
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Quadir H, Hakobyan K, Gaddam M, Ojinnaka U, Ahmed Z, Kannan A, Mostafa JA. Role of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibition As Therapeutic Strategy for Parkinson's Disease: Dopaminergic Survival and Enhanced Mitophagy. Cureus 2021; 13:e16973. [PMID: 34377615 PMCID: PMC8349301 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTP-binding protein, Rho, plays a significant role in the cellular pathology of Parkinson’s disease. The downstream effector of Rho, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), performs several functions, including microglial inflammatory response and enhanced Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Its inhibition shows neuroprotective effects in carried studies. Parkinson’s disease pathology also rests on incomplete removal of damaged mitochondria, leading to neuronal impairment. ROCK has different isoforms, inhibition of which have been shown to decrease the adverse changes in microglia. There has also been evidence of a decreased release of inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in degradation of dopaminergic neurons on the addition of ROCK inhibitors. Additionally, ROCK inhibitors have recently been shown to increase the activity of hexokinase 2 (HK2), relocating it to mitochondria, and therefore leading to upregulated mitochondrial targeting. Understanding the cellular basis of ROCK activity and its inhibition may help us advance in creating new strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Quadir
- Internal Medicine/Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Knkush Hakobyan
- Diagnostic Radiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mrunanjali Gaddam
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ugochi Ojinnaka
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zubayer Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Amudhan Kannan
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.,General Surgery Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Faculty Member, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, California, USA
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18
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Saal KA, Warth Pérez Arias C, Roser AE, Christoph Koch J, Bähr M, Rizzoli SO, Lingor P. Rho-kinase inhibition by fasudil modulates pre-synaptic vesicle dynamics. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1052-1068. [PMID: 33341946 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in neurodegeneration since it has been linked to the prevention of neuronal death and neurite regeneration. The isoquinoline derivative fasudil is a potent ROCK inhibitor, which is already approved for chronic clinical treatment in humans. However, the effects of chronic fasudil treatments on neuronal function are still unknown. We analyzed here chronic fasudil treatment in primary rat hippocampal cultures. Neurons were stimulated with 20 Hz field stimulation and we investigated pre-synaptic mechanisms and parameters regulating synaptic transmission after fasudil treatment by super resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, live-cell fluorescence imaging, and western blotting. Fasudil did not affect basic synaptic function or the amount of several synaptic proteins, but it altered the chronic dynamics of the synaptic vesicles. Fasudil reduced the proportion of the actively recycling vesicles, and shortened the vesicle lifetime, resulting overall in a reduction of the synaptic response upon stimulation. We conclude that fasudil does not alter synaptic structure, accelerates vesicle turnover, and decreases the number of released vesicles. This broadens the known spectrum of effects of this drug, and suggests new potential clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ann Saal
- Department of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carmina Warth Pérez Arias
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Elisa Roser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Christoph Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Rechts der Isar Hospital of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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19
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Benn CL, Dawson LA. Clinically Precedented Protein Kinases: Rationale for Their Use in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:242. [PMID: 33117143 PMCID: PMC7494159 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are an intensively studied drug target class in current pharmacological research as evidenced by the large number of kinase inhibitors being assessed in clinical trials. Kinase-targeted therapies have potential for treatment of a broad array of indications including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In addition to the many variables which contribute to identification of a successful therapeutic molecule, drug discovery for CNS-related disorders also requires significant consideration of access to the target organ and specifically crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To date, only a small number of kinase inhibitors have been reported that are specifically designed to be BBB permeable, which nonetheless demonstrates the potential for success. This review considers the potential for kinase inhibitors in the context of unmet medical need for neurodegenerative disease. A subset of kinases that have been the focus of clinical investigations over a 10-year period have been identified and discussed individually. For each kinase target, the data underpinning the validity of each in the context of neurodegenerative disease is critically evaluated. Selected molecules for each kinase are identified with information on modality, binding site and CNS penetrance, if known. Current clinical development in neurodegenerative disease are summarized. Collectively, the review indicates that kinase targets with sufficient rationale warrant careful design approaches with an emphasis on improving brain penetrance and selectivity.
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Chung D, Shum A, Caraveo G. GAP-43 and BASP1 in Axon Regeneration: Implications for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567537. [PMID: 33015061 PMCID: PMC7494789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) regulate actin dynamics and presynaptic vesicle cycling at axon terminals, thereby facilitating axonal growth, regeneration, and plasticity. These functions highly depend on changes in GAP-43 and BASP1 expression levels and post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Interestingly, examinations of GAP-43 and BASP1 in neurodegenerative diseases reveal alterations in their expression and phosphorylation profiles. This review provides an overview of the structural properties, regulations, and functions of GAP-43 and BASP1, highlighting their involvement in neural injury response and regeneration. By discussing GAP-43 and BASP1 in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, we also explore the therapeutic potential of modulating their activities to compensate for neuron loss in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daayun Chung
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Shum
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: 20 years later. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:803-813. [PMID: 30949837 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive effort, biomarker research for the detection of prodromal stage, diagnosis and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) falls short of expectations. This article reviews the attempts in the last 20 years to find a biomarker, addresses challenges along the biomarker search and suggests the steps that should be taken to overcome these challenges. Although several biomarkers are currently available, none of them is specific enough for diagnosis, prediction of future PD or disease progression. The main reason for the failure finding a strong biomarker seems to be drastic heterogeneity of PD, which exhibits itself in all domains; from the clinic to pathophysiology or genetics. The diversity in patient selection, assessment methods or outcomes in biomarker studies also limit the interpretation and generalizability of the data. In search of a reliable biomarker, consideration of novel approaches encompassing individual demographic, clinical, genetic, epigenetic and environmental differences, employment of strategies enabling marker combinations, designing multicenter studies with compatible assessment methods, integration of data from preclinical domains and utilization of novel technology-based assessments are necessary.
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22
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The protective effect of non-invasive low intensity pulsed electric field and fucoidan in preventing oxidative stress-induced motor neuron death via ROCK/Akt pathway. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214100. [PMID: 30889218 PMCID: PMC6424404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the expansion of the aged population, it is predicted that neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) will become a major threat to public health worldwide. However, existing therapies can control the symptoms of the diseases at best, rather than offering a fundamental cure. As for the complex pathogenesis, clinical and preclinical researches have indicated that oxidative stress, a central role in neuronal degeneration, is a possible therapeutic target in the development of novel remedies. In this study, the motor neuron-like cell line NSC-34 was employed as an experimental model in probing the effects induced by the combination of non-invasive low intensity pulsed electric field (LIPEF) and fucoidan on the H2O2-induced neuron damage. It was found that single treatment of the LIPEF could protect the NSC-34 cells from oxidative stress, and the protective effect was enhanced by combining the LIPEF and fucoidan. Notably, it was observed that single treatment of the LIPEF obviously suppressed the H2O2-enhanced expression of ROCK protein and increased the phosphorylation of Akt in the H2O2-treated NSC-34 cells. Moreover, the LIPEF can be easily modified to concentrate on a specific area. Accordingly, this technique can be used as an advanced remedy for ROCK inhibition without the drawback of drug metabolism. Therefore, we suggest the LIPEF would be a promising strategy as a treatment for motor neurodegeneration and warrant further probe into its potential in treating other neuronal degenerations.
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Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Target Alpha-Synuclein and Related Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020105. [PMID: 30708997 PMCID: PMC6406239 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is significantly influenced by disease-causing changes in the protein alpha-Synuclein (aSyn). It can trigger and promote intracellular stress and thereby impair the function of dopaminergic neurons. However, these damage mechanisms do not only extend to neuronal cells, but also affect most glial cell populations, such as astroglia and microglia, but also T lymphocytes, which can no longer maintain the homeostatic CNS milieu because they produce neuroinflammatory responses to aSyn pathology. Through precise neuropathological examination, molecular characterization of biomaterials, and the use of PET technology, it has been clearly demonstrated that neuroinflammation is involved in human PD. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the pathomechanisms that aSyn elicits in models of disease and focus on the affected glial cell and lymphocyte populations and their interaction with pathogenic aSyn species. The interplay between aSyn and glial cells is analyzed both in the basic research setting and in the context of human neuropathology. Ultimately, a strong rationale builds up to therapeutically reduce the burden of pathological aSyn in the CNS. The current antibody-based approaches to lower the amount of aSyn and thereby alleviate neuroinflammatory responses is finally discussed as novel therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Liu H, Huang Y, Li J. Bioinformatic analysis for the identification of key candidate genes and pathways in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. J Integr Neurosci 2018; 17:619-631. [PMID: 30010140 DOI: 10.3233/jin-180091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population, and the substantia nigra is generally involved in the disease process; however, the signaling pathways and related genes underlying Parkinson's disease remain unclear. This study integrated three cohorts of profile datasets to elucidate the potential key candidate genes and pathways in Parkinson's disease. The expression profiles of GSE8397, GSE20186 and GSE49036 were included 55 available substantia nigra tissue samples from individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and 33 substantia nigra tissue samples from healthy controls. These samples were integrated and thoroughly analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were sorted, and candidate genes and pathway enrichments were analyzed. A DEG-associated protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed. 27 shared downregulated DEGs were identified from the three GSE datasets. The DEGs were clustered based on function and signaling pathway with significant enrichment analysis. 52 edges were identified from the DEG protein-protein interaction network complex, which included dopamine metabolism, nerve conduction, reduced neuronal toxicity and proliferation pathways. Using integrated bioinformatic analysis, we identified candidate genes and pathways in Parkinson's disease that could improve our understanding of underlying molecular events, which could be potential therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Liu
- The Department of Internal Neurology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Huang
- The Department of Internal Neurology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Li
- The Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, US
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25
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Xu SF, Zhang YH, Wang S, Pang ZQ, Fan YG, Li JY, Wang ZY, Guo C. Lactoferrin ameliorates dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor deficits in MPTP-treated mice. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101090. [PMID: 30593976 PMCID: PMC6307097 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain iron accumulation is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Iron chelators have been investigated for their ability to prevent neurodegenerative diseases with features of iron overload. Given the non-trivial side effects of classical iron chelators, lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding globular glycoprotein, was screened to identify novel neuroprotective pathways against dopaminergic neuronal impairment. We found that Lf substantially ameliorated PD-like motor dysfunction in the subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. We further showed that Lf could alleviate MPTP-triggered apoptosis of DA neurons, neuroinflammation, and histological alterations. As expected, we also found that Lf suppressed MPTP-induced excessive iron accumulation and the upregulation of divalent metal transporter (DMT1) and transferrin receptor (TFR), which is the main intracellular iron regulation protein, and subsequently improved the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. We probed further and determined that the neuroprotection provided by Lf was involved in the upregulated levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its downstream protein, accompanied by the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), as well as decreased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/P38 kinase in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that Lf may be an alternative safe drug in ameliorating MPTP-induced brain abnormalities and movement disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Pang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China.
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26
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Song X, He R, Han W, Li T, Xie L, Cheng L, Chen H, Xie M, Jiang L. Protective effects of the ROCK inhibitor fasudil against cognitive dysfunction following status epilepticus in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:506-519. [PMID: 30421453 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Song
- Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Department of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Rong He
- Pediatric department University‐Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Wei Han
- Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Department of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Department of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Li Cheng
- Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
| | - Hengsheng Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
| | - Mingdan Xie
- Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
| | - Li Jiang
- Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Department of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
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27
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Kovrazhkina EA, Stakhovskaya LV, Razinskaya OD, Serdyuk AV. [Inhibitors of CNS regeneration, their physiological role and participation in pathogenesis of diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:143-149. [PMID: 29927419 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811851143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to axon growth inhibitors in the CNS, including a physiological role of myelin-associated proteins (Nogo-A, MAG, OMgp) and their involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases (spinal injuries, stroke, neurodegenerations).
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kovrazhkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Stakhovskaya
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Razinskaya
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Serdyuk
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Tolosa E, Botta-Orfila T, Morató X, Calatayud C, Ferrer-Lorente R, Martí MJ, Fernández M, Gaig C, Raya Á, Consiglio A, Ezquerra M, Fernández-Santiago R. MicroRNA alterations in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons from Parkinson disease patients. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:283-291. [PMID: 29935433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) misregulation in peripheral blood has been linked to Parkinson disease (PD) but its role in the disease progression remains elusive. We performed an explorative genome-wide study of miRNA expression levels in dopaminergic neurons (DAn) from PD patients generated by somatic cell reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation. We quantified expression levels of 377 miRNAs in DAn from 3 sporadic PD patients (sPD), 3 leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-associated PD patients (L2PD) (total 6 PD), and 4 healthy controls. We identified differential expression of 10 miRNA of which 5 were upregulated in PD (miR-9-5p, miR-135a-5p, miR-135b-5p, miR-449a, and miR-449b-5p) and 5 downregulated (miR-141-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-299-5p, miR-518e-3p, and miR-519a-3p). Changes were similar in sPD and L2PD. Integrative analysis revealed significant correlations between miRNA/mRNA expression. Moreover, upregulation of miR-9-5p and miR-135b-5p was associated with downregulation of transcription factors related to the DNA hypermethylation of enhancer elements in PD DAn (FOXA1 and NR3C1). In summary, miRNA changes are associated with monogenic L2PD and sPD and co-occur with epigenetic changes in DAn from PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Tolosa
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Botta-Orfila
- Gene Function and Evolution Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Morató
- Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Calatayud
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ferrer-Lorente
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Martí
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Fernández
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Gaig
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBELL- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Tong J, Rathitharan G, Meyer JH, Furukawa Y, Ang LC, Boileau I, Guttman M, Hornykiewicz O, Kish SJ. Brain monoamine oxidase B and A in human parkinsonian dopamine deficiency disorders. Brain 2017; 140:2460-2474. [PMID: 29050386 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
See Jellinger (doi:10.1093/awx190) for a scientific commentary on this article. The enzyme monoamine oxidases (B and A subtypes, encoded by MAOB and MAOA, respectively) are drug targets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Inhibitors of MAOB are used clinically in Parkinson's disease for symptomatic purposes whereas the potential disease-modifying effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors is debated. As astroglial cells express high levels of MAOB, the enzyme has been proposed as a brain imaging marker of astrogliosis, a cellular process possibly involved in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis as elevation of MAOB in astrocytes might be harmful. Since brain monoamine oxidase status in Parkinson's disease is uncertain, our objective was to measure, by quantitative immunoblotting in autopsied brain homogenates, protein levels of both monoamine oxidases in three different degenerative parkinsonian disorders: Parkinson's disease (n = 11), multiple system atrophy (n = 11), and progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 16) and in matched controls (n = 16). We hypothesized that if MAOB is 'substantially' localized to astroglial cells, MAOB levels should be generally associated with standard astroglial protein measures (e.g. glial fibrillary acidic protein). MAOB levels were increased in degenerating putamen (+83%) and substantia nigra (+10%, non-significant) in multiple system atrophy; in caudate (+26%), putamen (+27%), frontal cortex (+31%) and substantia nigra (+23%) of progressive supranuclear palsy; and in frontal cortex (+33%), but not in substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease, a region we previously reported no increase in astrocyte protein markers. Although the magnitude of MAOB increase was less than those of standard astrocytic markers, significant positive correlations were observed amongst the astrocyte proteins and MAOB. Despite suggestions that MAOA (versus MAOB) is primarily responsible for metabolism of dopamine in dopamine neurons, there was no loss of the enzyme in the parkinsonian substantia nigra; instead, increased nigral levels of a MAOA fragment and 'turnover' of the enzyme were observed in the conditions. Our findings provide support that MAOB might serve as a biochemical imaging marker, albeit not entirely specific, for astrocyte activation in human brain. The observation that MAOB protein concentration is generally increased in degenerating brain areas in multiple system atrophy (especially putamen) and in progressive supranuclear palsy, but not in the nigra in Parkinson's disease, also distinguishes astrocyte behaviour in Parkinson's disease from that in the two 'Parkinson-plus' conditions. The question remains whether suppression of either MAOB in astrocytes or MAOA in dopamine neurons might influence progression of the parkinsonian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Tong
- Preclinical Imaging Unit, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gausiha Rathitharan
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshiaki Furukawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University and Post Graduate University of Juntendo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lee-Cyn Ang
- Division of Neuropathology, London Health Science Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Guttman
- Centre for Movement Disorders, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oleh Hornykiewicz
- Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Niego B, Lee N, Larsson P, De Silva TM, Au AEL, McCutcheon F, Medcalf RL. Selective inhibition of brain endothelial Rho-kinase-2 provides optimal protection of an in vitro blood-brain barrier from tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasmin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177332. [PMID: 28510599 PMCID: PMC5433693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibition, broadly utilised in cardiovascular disease, may protect the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during thrombolysis from rt-PA-induced damage. While the use of nonselective ROCK inhibitors like fasudil together with rt-PA may be hindered by possible hypotensive side-effects and inadequate capacity to block detrimental rt-PA activity in brain endothelial cells (BECs), selective ROCK-2 inhibition may overcome these limitations. Here, we examined ROCK-2 expression in major brain cells and compared the ability of fasudil and KD025, a selective ROCK-2 inhibitor, to attenuate rt-PA-induced BBB impairment in an in vitro human model. ROCK-2 was highly expressed relative to ROCK-1 in all human and mouse brain cell types and particularly enriched in rodent brain endothelial cells and astrocytes compared to neurons. KD025 was more potent than fasudil in attenuation of rt-PA- and plasminogen-induced BBB permeation under normoxia, but especially under stroke-like conditions. Importantly, only KD025, but not fasudil, was able to block rt-PA-dependent permeability increases, morphology changes and tight junction degradation in isolated BECs. Selective ROCK-2 inhibition further diminished rt-PA-triggered myosin phosphorylation, shape alterations and matrix metalloprotease activation in astrocytes. These findings highlight ROCK-2 as the key isoform driving BBB impairment and brain endothelial damage by rt-PA and the potential of KD025 to optimally protect the BBB during thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Be’eri Niego
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Natasha Lee
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pia Larsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T. Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda E-Ling Au
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona McCutcheon
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert L. Medcalf
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Roser AE, Tönges L, Lingor P. Modulation of Microglial Activity by Rho-Kinase (ROCK) Inhibition as Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:94. [PMID: 28420986 PMCID: PMC5378706 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS, PNS), resulting in a reduced innervation of target structures and a loss of function. A shared characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases is the infiltration of microglial cells into affected brain regions. During early disease stages microglial cells often display a rather neuroprotective phenotype, but switch to a more pro-inflammatory neurotoxic phenotype in later stages of the disease, contributing to the neurodegeneration. Activation of the Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway appears to be instrumental for the modulation of the microglial phenotype: increased ROCK activity in microglia mediates mechanisms of the inflammatory response and is associated with improved motility, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of inflammatory cytokines. Recently, several studies suggested inhibition of ROCK signaling as a promising treatment option for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review article, we discuss the contribution of microglial activity and phenotype switch to the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), two devastating neurodegenerative diseases without disease-modifying treatment options. Furthermore, we describe how ROCK inhibition can influence the microglial phenotype in disease models and explore ROCK inhibition as a future treatment option for PD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Elisa Roser
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine GöttingenGöttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medicine GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-Universität BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine GöttingenGöttingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medicine GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
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32
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Jiang H, Tian KW, Zhang F, Wang B, Han S. Reg-2, A Downstream Signaling Protein in the Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Survival Pathway, Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:50. [PMID: 27242448 PMCID: PMC4860402 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), originally described as a neurocytokine that could support the survival of neurons, has been recently found to alleviate demyelination, prevent axon loss, and improve functional recovery in a rat model of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, poor penetration into the brain parenchyma and unfavorable side effects limit the utility of CNTF. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of a protein downstream of CNTF, regeneration gene protein 2 (Reg-2). Using multiple morphological, molecular biology, and electrophysiological methods to assess neuroinflammation, axonal loss, demyelination, and functional impairment, we observed that Reg-2 and CNTF exert similar effects in the acute phase of EAE. Both treatments attenuated axonal loss and demyelination, improved neuronal survival, and produced functional improvement. With a smaller molecular weight and improved penetration into the brain parenchyma, Reg-2 may be a useful substitute for CNTF therapy in EAE and multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Electrophysiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Wei Tian
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Han
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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