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Liu Y, Luo J, Peng L, Zhang Q, Rong X, Luo Y, Li J. Flavonoids: Potential therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32563. [PMID: 38975137 PMCID: PMC11225753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are found in the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of many plant taxa. They are related to plant growth and development, pigment formation, and protection against environmental stress. Flavonoids function as antioxidants and exert anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system by modulating classical inflammatory response pathways, such as the TLR4-NF-ĸB, PI3K-AKT, and Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathways. There is increasing evidence for the therapeutic effects of flavonoids on hypertension, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. The potential clinical value of flavonoids for diseases of the cardiovascular system has been widely explored. For example, studies have evaluated the roles of flavonoids in the regulation of blood pressure via endothelium-dependent and non-endothelium-dependent pathways and in the regulation of myocardial systolic and diastolic functions by influencing calcium homeostasis and smooth muscle-related protein expression. Flavonoids also have hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, anti-platelet, autophagy, and antibacterial effects. In this paper, the role and mechanism of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases were reviewed in order to provide reference for the clinical application of flavonoids in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Rong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, China
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Yin Y, Xu J, Ilyas I, Xu S. Bioactive Flavonoids in Protecting Against Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38755351 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease closely associated with factors such as hyperlipidaemia and chronic inflammation. Among them, endothelial dysfunction serves as a major predisposing factor. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is manifested by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, enhanced oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and hyperpermeability, endothelial senescence, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Flavonoids are known for their antioxidant activity, eliminating oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, reducing platelet aggregation, alleviating ischemic damage, and improving vascular function. Flavonoids have also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity and to protect the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the protective effects of these naturally-occuring bioactive flavonoids against the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis through their effects on endothelial cells including, but not limited to, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and lipid-lowering properties. However, more clinical evidences are still needed to determine the exact role and optimal dosage of these compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Akintunde JK, Falomo IM, Akinbohun OM, Erinoso SO, Ugwor E, Folayan AD, Ateate AD. Naringin corrects renal failure related to Lesch-Nyhan disease in a rat model via NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23558. [PMID: 37865952 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of naringin (NAR) on HGPRT1 deficiency and hyperuricemia through NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways induced by caffeine (CAF) and KBrO3 in a rat model. Sixty-three adult male albino rats were randomly assigned into nine (n = 7) groups. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 , Group III was treated with 250 mg/kg CAF, Group IV was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg CAF, Group V was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 100 mg/kg haloperidol, Group VI was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 50 mg/kg NAR, Group VII was administered with 500 mg/kg CAF + 50 mg/kg NAR, and Group VIII was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg CAF + 50 mg/kg NAR. Finally, group IX was treated with 50 mg/kg NAR. The exposure of rats to KBrO3 and CAF for 21 days induced renal dysfunction linked with Lesch-Nyhan disease. NAR obliterated renal dysfunction linked with Lesch-Nyhan disease by decreasing uric acid, renal malondialdehyde level, inhibiting the activities of arginase, and phosphodiesterase-51 (PDE-51) with corresponding upregulation of brain derived-neurotrophic factor and its receptor (BDNF-TrkB), Bcl11b, HGPRT1, and DARPP-32. Additionally, renal failure related to Lesch-Nyhan disease was remarkably corrected by NAR as shown by the reduced activities of AChE and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, AMPase, and ADA) with affiliated increase in the NO level. This study therefore validates NAR as nontoxic and effective chemotherapy against kidney-related Lesch-Nyhan disease by mitigating effects of toxic food additives and enzymes of ATP-hydrolysis via NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Akintunde
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Idowu M Falomo
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oreoluwa M Akinbohun
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S O Erinoso
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ugwor
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi D Folayan
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Ateate
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Subbaraj GK, Masoodi T, Yasam SK, Chandrashekar K, Kulanthaivel L, Shaik NA, Hashem S, Alshabeeb Akil AS, Bhat AA. Anti-angiogenic effect of nano-formulated water soluble kaempferol and combretastatin in an in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane model and HUVEC cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114820. [PMID: 37141736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficacy of nano-formulated water-soluble kaempferol and combretastatin alone and combined against the native kaempferol and combretastatin on angiogenesis. The solvent evaporation method was used to synthesize the nano-formulated water-soluble kaempferol and combretastatin and characterized using various analyses such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.The anti-angiogenic activity of native, nano-formulated water-soluble kaempferol and combretastatin was investigated by cell viability on HUVEC and A498 cell lines, while chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was utilized to assess morphometric and histopathological changes, and mRNA expressions of VEGF-A and FGF2 using qRT-PCR. MTT assay results revealed that the combination of nano-formulated water-soluble kaempferol and combretastatin significantly reduced the cell viability compared to control, individual treatments of native, nano-formulated water-soluble kaempferol, and combretastatin. Morphometric analysis of CAM showed that treatment with nano-formulated water-soluble kaempferol and combretastatin caused a substantial decrease in density, vessel network, branch points, and nets of CAM blood vessels. The histopathological results of CAM showed the irregular shape of blood vessels at the thin stratum of chronic endoderm, and blood capillaries were diminished compared to the control. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A and FGF2 were significantly decreased compared with native forms. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that nano-formulated water-soluble combretastatin and kaempferol suppress angiogenesis by preventing the activation of endothelial cells and suppressing factors of angiogenesis. Moreover, a combination of nano-formulated water-soluble kaempferol and combretastatin worked much better than individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam 603103, India.
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santhosh Kumar Yasam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam 603103, India
| | | | - Langeswaran Kulanthaivel
- Cancer Genetics & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetics Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Alshabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Richter-Laskowska M, Trybek P, Delfino DV, Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A. Flavonoids as Modulators of Potassium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1311. [PMID: 36674825 PMCID: PMC9861088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are widely distributed integral proteins responsible for the effective and selective transport of K+ ions through the biological membranes. According to the existing structural and mechanistic differences, they are divided into several groups. All of them are considered important molecular drug targets due to their physiological roles, including the regulation of membrane potential or cell signaling. One of the recent trends in molecular pharmacology is the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of natural compounds and their derivatives, which can exhibit high specificity and effectiveness. Among the pharmaceuticals of plant origin, which are potassium channel modulators, flavonoids appear as a powerful group of biologically active substances. It is caused by their well-documented anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, and antidiabetic effects on human health. Here, we focus on presenting the current state of knowledge about the possibilities of modulation of particular types of potassium channels by different flavonoids. Additionally, the biological meaning of the flavonoid-mediated changes in the activity of K+ channels will be outlined. Finally, novel promising directions for further research in this area will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Richter-Laskowska
- The Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, 30-418 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Trybek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | | | - Agata Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Akintunde JK, Abinu OS, Taiwo KF, Sodiq RA, Folayan AD, Ate AD. Disorders of Hippocampus Facilitated by Hypertension in Purine Metabolism Deficiency is Repressed by Naringin, a Bi-flavonoid in a Rat Model via NOS/cAMP/PKA and DARPP-32, BDNF/TrkB Pathways. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2148-2166. [PMID: 36098940 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who are hypertensive have a higher tendency of predisposition to other genetic diseases including purine metabolism deficiency. Therefore, the search for nontoxic and effective chemo protective agents to abrogate hypertension-mediated genetic disease is vital. This study therefore investigated the repressive effect of naringin (NAR) against disorder of hippocampus facilitated by hypertension in purine metabolism deficiency. Male albino rats randomly assigned into nine groups (n = 7) were treated for 35 days. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3, Group III was treated with 250 mg/kg caffeine, and Group IV was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg caffeine. Group V was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 100 mg/kg haloperidol. Group VI was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 50 mg/kg NAR. Group VII was administered with 250 mg/kg caffeine + 50 mg/kg NAR, and Group VIII was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg caffeine + 50 mg/kg NAR. Finally, group IX was treated with 50 mg/kg NAR. The sub-acute exposure to KBrO3 and CAF induced hypertension and mediated impairment in the hippocampus cells. This was apparent by the increase in PDE-51, arginase, and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase and AMPase) with a simultaneous increase in cholinergic (AChE and BuChE) and adenosinergic (ADA) enzymes. The hypertensive-mediated hippocampal impairment was associated to alteration of NO and AC signaling coupled with lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor (BDNF-TrkB), down regulation of Bcl11b and DARPP-32 which are neurodevelopmental proteins, and hypoxanthine accumulation. However, these features of CAF-mediated hippocampal damage in KBrO3-induced hypertensive rats were repressed by post-treatment with NAR via production of neuro-inflammatory mediators, attenuation of biochemical alterations, stabilizing neurotransmitter enzymes, regulating NOS/cAMP/PKA and DARPP-32, BDNF/TrkB signaling, and restoring hippocampal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - O S Abinu
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - K F Taiwo
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - R A Sodiq
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Folayan
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Ate
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Chen M, Xiao J, El-Seedi HR, Woźniak KS, Daglia M, Little PJ, Weng J, Xu S. Kaempferol and atherosclerosis: From mechanism to medicine. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2157-2175. [PMID: 36099317 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Natural products possess pleiotropic cardiovascular protective effects owing to their anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-thrombotic properties. Kaempferol, (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one), is a kind of naturally occurring flavonoid existing in many common fruits and vegetables (e.g., onions, broccoli, strawberries and grapes) and particularly in traditional Chinese medicine as exemplified by Ginkgo biloba. Epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies have revealed an inverse association between the consumption of kaempferol-containing foods and medicines and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Numerous translational studies in experimental animal models and cultured cells have demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities of kaempferol. In this article, we reviewed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective activities of kaempferol and elucidated the potential molecular basis of the therapeutic capacity of kaempferol by focusing on its anti-atherosclerotic effects. Overall, the review presents the health benefits of kaempferol-containing plants and medicines and reflects on the potential of kaempferol as a possible drug candidate to prevent and treat atherosclerosis, the underlying pathology of most cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Maria Daglia
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Long P, Li Y, Wen Q, Huang M, Li S, Lin Y, Huang X, Chen M, Ouyang J, Ao Y, Qi Q, Zhang H, Ye W, Cheng G, Zhang X, Zhang D. 3'-Oxo-tabernaelegantine A (OTNA) selectively relaxes pulmonary arteries by inhibiting AhR. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153751. [PMID: 34563984 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), characterized by pulmonary artery constriction and vascular remodeling, has a high mortality rate. New drugs for the treatment of PAH urgently need to be developed. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the vasorelaxant activity of OTNA in isolated pulmonary arteries, and explore its molecular mechanism. METHODS Pulmonary arteries and thoracic aortas were isolated from mice, and vascular tone was tested with a Wire Myograph System. Nitric oxide levels were determined with DAF-FM DA and DAX-J2™ Red. Cellular thermal shift assays, microscale thermophoresis, and molecular docking were used to identify the interaction between OTNA and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, eNOS, p-eNOS, and AhR were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS OTNA selectively relaxed the isolated pulmonary artery rings in an endothelium-dependent manner. Mechanistic study showed that OTNA induced NO production through activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway in endothelial cells. Furthermore, we also found that OTNA directly bound to AhR and activated the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway to dilate pulmonary arteries by inhibiting AhR. CONCLUSIONS OTNA relaxes pulmonary arteries by antagonizing AhR. This study provides a new natural antagonist of AhR as a promising lead compound for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Long
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Qing Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Maohua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Songtao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuning Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunlin Ao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wencai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guohua Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Cao Y, Xie L, Liu K, Liang Y, Dai X, Wang X, Lu J, Zhang X, Li X. The antihypertensive potential of flavonoids from Chinese Herbal Medicine: A review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105919. [PMID: 34601080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the coming of the era of the aging population, hypertension has become a global health burden to be dealt with. Although there are multiple drugs and procedures to control the symptoms of hypertension, the management of it is still a long-term process, and the side effects of conventional drugs pose a burden on patients. Flavonoids, common compounds found in fruits and vegetables as secondary metabolites, are active components in Chinese Herbal Medicine. The flavonoids are proved to have cardiovascular benefits based on a plethora of animal experiments over the last decade. Thus, the flavonoids or flavonoid-rich plant extracts endowed with anti-hypertension activities and probable mechanisms were reviewed. It has been found that flavonoids may affect blood pressure in various ways. Moreover, despite the substantial evidence of the potential for flavonoids in the control of hypertension, it is not sufficient to support the clinical application of flavonoids as an adjuvant or core drug. So the synergistic effects of flavonoids with other drugs, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials and the safety of flavonoids are also incorporated in the discussion. It is believed that more breakthrough studies are needed. Overall, this review may shed some new light on the explicit recognition of the mechanisms of anti-hypertension actions of flavonoids, pointing out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Szabo I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Targeting mitochondrial ion channels for cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101846. [PMID: 33419703 PMCID: PMC8113036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial ion channels is emerging as a promising approach to eliminate cancer cells; as most of these channels are differentially expressed and/or regulated in cancer cells in comparison to healthy ones, this strategy may selectively eliminate the former. Perturbation of ion fluxes across the outer and inner membranes is linked to alterations of redox state, membrane potential and bioenergetic efficiency. This leads to indirect modulation of oxidative phosphorylation, which is/may be fundamental for both cancer and cancer stem cell survival. Furthermore, given the crucial contribution of mitochondria to intrinsic apoptosis, modulation of their ion channels leading to cytochrome c release may be of great advantage in case of resistance to drugs triggering apoptotic events upstream of the mitochondrial phase. In the present review, we give an overview of the known mitochondrial ion channels and of their modulators capable of killing cancer cells. In addition, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies using mitochondriotropic drugs or peptide-based approaches allowing a more efficient and selective targeting of mitochondrial ion channel-linked events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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El-Hilaly J, Amarouch MY, Morel N, Lyoussi B, Quetin-Leclercq J. Ajuga iva water extract antihypertensive effect on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, vasorelaxant effects ex vivo and in vitro activity of fractions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113791. [PMID: 33444718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. (Labiatae) (AI) is used in folk medicine for a variety of ailments, including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY In this work, we aimed to investigate the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of AI aqueous extract in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Male SHR-SP rats were orally force-fed AI aqueous extract (500 mg/kg body weight) daily for one week. Systolic blood pressure and urine output were recorded in vivo by non-invasive methods. AI vasoactive effects on noradrenaline contractile response and acetylcholine-evoked relaxation were assessed ex vivo on aorta rings of treated and untreated SHR-SP rats. AI extract was then subjected to bio-guided fractionation using solvents of increasing polarity. For each fraction, in vitro vasorelaxation assay was performed on noradrenaline-precontracted aorta of Wistar rats, in the absence/presence of N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). HPLC analysis of AI total extract, and the most in vitro active AI residual aqueous extract fraction (A1) was performed using naringin, naringenin, apigenin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside as marker compounds. RESULTS AI aqueous extract (500 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR-SP rats, while not affecting the urine output. In ex vivo experiments, the total extract decreased contractile response to noradrenaline of aortic rings isolated from AI-treated SHR-SP rats with or without addition of N-nitro-L-arginine, but endothelium dependent relaxation evoked by acetylcholine in noradrenaline-contracted aortic rings was not affected by the extract treatment. In vitro experiments on AI aqueous extract fractions showed that its polar fraction was the only one affecting in vitro noradrenaline induced contractions, but only in an endothelium dependent manner. This fraction was shown by HPLC-UV to contain flavonoid glycosides among other polar compounds whose activity and mode of action may be modified in vivo by metabolization. CONCLUSION These results support the use of AI as antihypertensive treatment in folk medicine. The systolic blood pressure decrease may be attributed at least in part to vasorelaxant glycosylated/polar phenolic compounds as flavonoids and/or their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouad El-Hilaly
- Laboratory of Engineering Pedagogy and Sciences Didactics, Department of Life Sciences, Regional Center of Education and Training Careers (CRMEF), Fez, Morocco; R.N.E Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mohamed-Yassine Amarouch
- R.N.E Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Nicole Morel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, CEMO, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Badiaâ Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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The anti-asthmatic potential of flavonol kaempferol in an experimental model of allergic airway inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173698. [PMID: 33129789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavonol kaempferol possesses a broad spectrum of potent pharmacological activities that seem to be effective in the modulation of allergic respiratory diseases. In our study, an experimental animal model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation in guinea pigs was used to determine the anti-asthmatic potential of kaempferol. The parameters of specific airway resistance (sRaw) and cough reflex response were evaluated in vivo. In vitro, an assessment of tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) contractility and analyses of inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, IFN-γ), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), immune cells count and ciliary beating frequency (CBF) were performed. Both single (6, 20 mg/kg b. w. p. o.) and long-term administered doses of kaempferol (20 mg/kg b. w. p. o., 21 days) suppressed sRaw provoked by histamine in conscious animals. The administration of kaempferol for 21 days attenuated histamine-induced TSM contractility in vitro and ameliorated the progression of chronic airway inflammation by decreasing the levels of IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, eosinophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and TGF-β1 protein level in lung tissue. Kaempferol also eliminated the alterations in cough reflex sensitivity invoked by OVA-sensitization, but it did not affect CBF. The results demonstrate that flavonol kaempferol can modulate allergic airway inflammation and associated asthma features (AHR, aberrant stimulation of cough reflex).
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Mechanisms involved in the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory effect of an ethyl acetate fraction of Cyathea phalerata Mart. in isolated rats’ aorta rings. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:360-365. [PMID: 32695653 PMCID: PMC7365778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Cyathea phalerata Mart. is a tree fern, commonly known as “xaxim”, which is found in tropical and subtropical areas of Brazil. The present study investigated the mechanisms related with the vasorelaxant effects of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) obtained from C. phalerata in rats’ thoracic aorta rings. In pre-contracted vessels, EAF (0.1–1000 μg/mL) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation. The endothelium denudation, the nitric oxide (NO) synthase and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor reduced the vasodilation, indicating the participation of NO/cGMP pathway in its effect. The relaxation of EAF was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and was significantly decreased in the presence of Ca2+ entry blocker, suggesting that Ca2+ influx plays an important role in EAF effect and probably in eNOS activity. However, the PI3K/Akt pathway is not responsible for eNOS phosphorylation/activation. The vasodilator effect of EAF was partially inhibited by KCl 40 mM and almost totally abolished with L-NOARG + KCl 40 mM, indicating also the role of hyperpolarization in its effect. Calcium activated K+ channels are not involved in the EAF-induced hyperpolarization. The COX inhibitor, indomethacin, slightly reduced the vasodilation induced by EAF. In addition, EAF did not alter the relaxant effects of NO-donor, indicating that the relaxant activity cannot be attributed to free radical-scavenging properties. In conclusion, the present study showed that the EAF, causes an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect in aorta that mainly involves the NO-cGMP pathway, hyperpolarization and prostanoids. The vasorelaxant activity of EAF can be attributed to the occurrence of polyphenol compounds. An ethyl acetate fraction obtained from Cyathea phalerata induces vasodilatation. EAF induced relaxation by an endothelium-dependent mechanism. EAF increases the NO production and hyperpolarization that evoke vasodilation.
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Akintunde JK, Akintola TE, Aliu FH, Fajoye MO, Adimchi SO. Naringin regulates erectile dysfunction by abolition of apoptosis and inflammation through NOS/cGMP/PKG signalling pathway on exposure to Bisphenol-A in hypertensive rat model. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:123-136. [PMID: 32428650 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of naringin (NRG) on extracellular metabolism of ATP through the NOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) on exposure to Bisphenol-A (BPA) in penis. Fifty-six adult male albino rats were randomly distributed into eight (n = 7) groups. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 40 mg/kg L-NAME, Group III was treated with 50 mg/kg BPA, Group IV was treated with 40 mg/kg L-NAME +50 mg/kg BPA. Group V was administered with 40 mg/kg L-NAME +80 mg/kg NRG. Group VI was administered with 50 mg/kg BPA + 80 mg/kg NRG. Group VII was administered with 40 mg/kg L-NAME+50 mg/kg BPA + 80 mg/kg NRG. Lastly, group VIII was treated with 80 mg/kg NRG for 14 days. NRG prevented hypertension and erectile dysfunction by inhibiting the activities of angiotensin-converting enzymes, arginase, and phosphodiesterase-51 (PDE-51) with corresponding down-regulation of inflammatory markers including TNF-α and IL-B. Additionally, hypertensive erectile dysfunction was remarkably prevented by NRG as manifested by the declined activities of AChE, MAO-A and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, ADPase, AMPase and ADA) with resultant increase in NO level. Also, penile expression of antigen presenting cells, CD43 transcript, caspace-9 and tumor suppressor P53 proteins were repressed on treatment with NRG. This study validates the hypothesis that NRG may be a valuable remedy in abrogating penile inflammatory markers, apoptosis and enzymes of ATP-hydrolysis via NOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathways in hypertensive rat model on exposure to environmental toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - T E Akintola
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - F H Aliu
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - M O Fajoye
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S O Adimchi
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Salem MA, Michel HE, Ezzat MI, Okba MM, EL-Desoky AM, Mohamed SO, Ezzat SM. Optimization of an Extraction Solvent for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Based on Its UPLC-MS/MS Metabolic Profiling. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102307. [PMID: 32422967 PMCID: PMC7287694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus species (Malvaceae) have been long used as an antihypertensive folk remedy. The aim of our study was to specify the optimum solvent for extraction of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting (ACEI) constituents from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. The 80% methanol extract (H2) showed the highest ACEI activity, which exceeds that of the standard captopril (IC50 0.01255 ± 0.00343 and 0.210 ± 0.005 µg/mL, respectively). Additionally, in a comprehensive metabolomics approach, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to the high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS) method was used to trace the metabolites from each extraction method. Interestingly, our comprehensive analysis showed that the 80% methanol extract was predominated with secondary metabolites from all classes including flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic and organic acids. Among the detected metabolites, phenolic acids such as ferulic and chlorogenic acids, organic acids such as citrate derivatives and flavonoids such as kaempferol have been positively correlated to the antihypertensive potential. These results indicates that these compounds may significantly contribute synergistically to the ACE inhibitory activity of the 80% methanol extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Haidy E. Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Marwa I. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.I.E.); (M.M.O.)
| | - Mona M. Okba
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.I.E.); (M.M.O.)
| | - Ahmed M. EL-Desoky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32958, Egypt;
| | - Shanaz O. Mohamed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.I.E.); (M.M.O.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-120-000-4301
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Kaempferol protects mitochondria and alleviates damages against endotheliotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110040. [PMID: 32145585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (Kae), a flavonoid, has been found in fruits and other vegetables, possesses many biological activities. 14-3-3 protein exerts protection on various types of injured tissues and cells. Doxorubicin (Dox) causes excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which induces endotheliotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. We hypothesized that Kae could protect vascular endothelium by regulating 14-3-3γ or related pathways against Dox toxicity. HUVECs were established Dox-toxic injury models. Kae's effects were assessed with many physiological, enzymatic, cellular, and molecular biological indexes. Our results showed that Dox-induced damage in HUVECs were reduced through Kae to promote the expression of total protein 14-3-3γ and mitochondrial Bcl-2, phosphorylate Bad, increase cell viability, NO content, DDAHⅡactivity, p-eNOS/eNOS ratio, and MMP levels, maintained NAD+/NADH and GSH/GSSG balance, and decrease LDH and caspase-3 activities, ADMA content, ROS generation, mPTP openness, and apoptosis. Kae's effects were abolished with pAD/14-3-3γ-shRNA downregulating 14-3-3γ expression, or ABT-737 inhibiting Bcl-2 activity. This study demonstrated that Kae protected the vascular endothelium against Dox-induced damage by regulating 14-3-3γ and ADMA/DDAHⅡ/eNOS/NO pathway, inhibiting oxidative stress, and improving mitochondrial function.
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Fusi F, Trezza A, Tramaglino M, Sgaragli G, Saponara S, Spiga O. The beneficial health effects of flavonoids on the cardiovascular system: Focus on K+ channels. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Matute A, Tabart J, Cheramy-Bien JP, Pirotte B, Kevers C, Auger C, Schini-Kerth V, Dommes J, Defraigne JO, Pincemail J. Compared Phenolic Compound Contents of 22 Commercial Fruit and Vegetable Juices: Relationship to ex-vivo Vascular Reactivity and Potential in vivo Projection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020092. [PMID: 31978956 PMCID: PMC7070690 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The real impact of polyphenol-rich vegetable and fruit juice intake on cardiovascular health remains a matter of controversy. In the present study, rat aorta segments immersed in an organ bath (OB) were used to explore whether the total polyphenol content and/or individual phenolic compound contents of 22 commercial vegetable (n = 3) and fruit juices [(citrus (n = 5), berries (n = 10), apple (n = 2), pineapple (n = 2)] might be associated with vascular tone. Red juices (particularly blackcurrant) and lemon juice caused the most marked vasorelaxation, its amplitude being endothelium dependent or not according to the volume ratio of juice to initial OB solution Vjuice/VOBS). At volume ratios 5% and 10%, both the juice and OB total polyphenol for all juices and total anthocyanin contents for berry juices significantly correlated with aorta vasorelaxation intensity. This was not the case for total or individual flavonols (except kaempferol) or for total or individual flavanols (except epigallocatechin gallate). If one relates our measured concentrations of individual phenolic compounds in OB to what is known about their physiological concentrations, and given our evidenced correlations between compound concentrations and vasorelaxation intensity, kaempferol, epigallocatechin gallate and peonidin-3-O-glucoside seem to emerge as the interesting phenolic compounds likely to be responsible for the potent vasorelaxation observed with fruit juices, and more particularly blackcurrant ones. Clinical investigation is required, however, to confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Matute
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jessica Tabart
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jean-Paul Cheramy-Bien
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Plateform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Sart Tilman, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Claire Kevers
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Cyril Auger
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (C.A.); (V.S.-K.)
| | - Valérie Schini-Kerth
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (C.A.); (V.S.-K.)
| | - Jacques Dommes
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jean-Olivier Defraigne
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Plateform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
| | - Joël Pincemail
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Plateform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-47-483-8071; Fax: +32-43-667-164
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Cechinel-Zanchett CC, da Silva RDCMVDAF, Tenfen A, Siebert DA, Micke G, Vitali L, Cechinel-Filho V, Faloni de Andrade S, de Souza P. Bauhinia forficata link, a Brazilian medicinal plant traditionally used to treat cardiovascular disorders, exerts endothelium-dependent and independent vasorelaxation in thoracic aorta of normotensive and hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112118. [PMID: 31351191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bauhinia forficata Link, commonly known as "cow's paw", is a native plant from South America. Its leaves are widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Although this species' biological potential has been extensively proven as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, there is a lack of studies to evidence its action on the cardiovascular system. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the vascular effects of B. forficata leaves preparations and its majority compound kaempferitrin, as well as its aglycone form kaempferol, in rat aortic rings of normotensive (NTR) and hypertensive (SHR) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aorta rings from NTR and SHR precontracted with phenylephrine were exposed to cumulative concentrations of B. forficata extract, fractions (1-50 μg/mL) and compounds (0.001-0.3 μg/mL). The mechanisms involved in the vasorelaxant effect of ethyl-acetate plus butanol fraction (EAButF) were also evaluated. RESULTS Although kaempferitrin is the most abundant compound found in both methanolic extract and EAButF, 24 minor phenolic compounds were identified in B. forficata leaves, including kaempferol. EAButF was the only with endothelium-dependent and independent vasorelaxant properties in both NTR and SHR. The incubation with L-NAME or ODQ completely blocked EAButF-induced vasorelaxation. On the other hand, the incubation with propranolol, atropine, indomethacin, glibenclamide or barium chloride did not change the vasorelaxant activity of EAButF (50 μg/mL). Nevertheless, the incubation with tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine significantly influenced the EAButF activity. It was also shown that Ca2+ influx or efflux is not related to EAButF vasorelaxation potential. Kaempferitrin and kaempferol were also able to relax the rat aortic rings in 34.70% and 40.54%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows, for the first time, the vasorelaxant effect of EAButF from B. forficata leaves, an effect that may be attributed to the modulation of vascular tone through nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase pathway, and potassium channels. The bioactive kaempferitrin and kaempferol seem to be important for the effects observed with the fraction. Finally, preparations obtained from the leaves of B. forficata may be interesting candidates for new or complementary strategies regarding cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camile Cecconi Cechinel-Zanchett
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Adrielli Tenfen
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diogo Alexandre Siebert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Micke
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Rey D, Miranda Sulis P, Alves Fernandes T, Gonçalves R, Silva Frederico MJ, Costa GM, Aragon M, Ospina LF, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Astragalin augments basal calcium influx and insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:56-62. [PMID: 30965223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astragalin is a flavonol glycoside with several biological activities, including antidiabetic properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of astragalin on glycaemia and insulin secretion, in vivo, and on calcium influx and insulin secretion in isolated rat pancreatic islets, ex vivo. Astragalin (1 and 10 mg / kg) was administered by oral gavage to fasted Wistar rats and serum glucose and plasma insulin were measured. Isolated pancreatic islets were used to measure basal insulin secretion and calcium influx. Astragalin (10 mg/ kg) decreased glycaemia and increased insulin secretion significantly at 15-180 min, respectively, in the glucose tolerance test. In isolated pancreatic cells, astragalin (100 μM) stimulated calcium influx through a mechanism involving ATP-dependent potassium channels, L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA), PKC and PKA. These findings highlight the dietary coadjuvant, astragalin, as a potential insulin secretagogue that may contribute to glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rey
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cra. 30 No. 45-03, Postal Code 111321, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, BairroTrindade, Cx. Postal 5069, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paola Miranda Sulis
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, BairroTrindade, Cx. Postal 5069, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, BairroTrindade, Cx. Postal 5069, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, BairroTrindade, Cx. Postal 5069, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marisa Jádna Silva Frederico
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, BairroTrindade, Cx. Postal 5069, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Geison M Costa
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Edificio Carlos Ortiz (52), Oficina 617, Postal Code 110231, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Marcela Aragon
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cra. 30 No. 45-03, Postal Code 111321, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Luís Fernando Ospina
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cra. 30 No. 45-03, Postal Code 111321, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, BairroTrindade, Cx. Postal 5069, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Imran M, Rauf A, Shah ZA, Saeed F, Imran A, Arshad MU, Ahmad B, Bawazeer S, Atif M, Peters DG, Mubarak MS. Chemo-preventive and therapeutic effect of the dietary flavonoid kaempferol: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2018; 33:263-275. [PMID: 30402931 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid present in several plants, possesses a wide range of therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. It has a significant role in reducing cancer and can act as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diseases and ailments such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress, asthma, and microbial contamination disorders. Kaempferol acts through different mechanisms: It induces apoptosis (HeLa cervical cancer cells), decreases cell viability (G2/M phase), downregulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B) and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-I (HTLV-I) signaling pathways, suppresses protein expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Slug, and Snail, and metastasis-related markers such as matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2). Accordingly, the aim of the present review is to collect information pertaining to the effective role of kaempferol against various degenerative disorders, summarize the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects of kaempferol and to review the progress of recent research and available data on kaempferol as a protective and chemotherapeutic agent against several ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied and Health Sciences, The University of Lahore-Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi Anbar, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi Anbar, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Faculty of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Faculty of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Faculty of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Department of EMS. Paramedic, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dennis G Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Auger C, Chabert P, Lugnier C, Mushtaq MN, Schini-Kerth VB. Mechanisms underlying vasorelaxation induced in the porcine coronary arteries by Thymus linearis, Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:211-219. [PMID: 30009977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thymus linearis, Benth indigenous to Pakistan has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study aims to investigate vasorelaxant effect of Thymus linearis and its underlying vasorelaxation mechanisms in porcine coronary artery rings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous-methanolic extract of aerial parts of Thymus linearis was prepared by maceration process and then bio-guided fractionation was carried out using different solvents. The effects of extract and subsequent fractions were assessed on coronary artery rings with intact and denuded endothelium. The mechanisms of vasorelaxant effect were investigated using different pharmacological tools. The in-vitro inhibitory effects of the test fractions were also assessed on purified phophodiestrases using radioenzymatic assay. Phytochemical studies were carried out using GCMS. RESULTS The aqueous-methanolic extract elicited similar relaxations in coronary artery rings with and without endothelium in dose dependent fashion and removal of endothelium did not alter this response. Further, n-butanolic fraction of Thymus liniaris (TLB) was found to be the most potent among other derived fractions. TLB did not alter the relaxation produced by endothelium dependent vasodilators in rings with intact endothelium. However, TLB significantly potentiated the relaxation elicited by cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP elevating drugs but not those to soluble guanylyl cyclase activators (YC-1 and BAY 41-2272) and K+ channel openers (levcromakalim and 1-EBIO). Pretreatment with TLB inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner contractions to KCl, CaCl2 and U46619 in coronary artery rings without endothelium. Further, TLB was found to non-selectively inhibit the PDE activity in concentration manner. CONCLUSION n-Butanolic fraction of Thymus linearis possesses endothelium independent vasorelaxant effects in coronary artery by direct acting on the smooth muscles. These effects involve the elevation of the cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP possibly through the inhibition of various PDEs. GCMS analysis revel presence of thymole and carvacrol as major constituents. Furthermore, these investigations also support the folklore use of Thymus linearis in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Auger
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - P Chabert
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - C Lugnier
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - M N Mushtaq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - V B Schini-Kerth
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Fang J, Cai C, Chai Y, Zhou J, Huang Y, Gao L, Wang Q, Cheng F. Quantitative and systems pharmacology 4. Network-based analysis of drug pleiotropy on coronary artery disease. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:192-204. [PMID: 30359818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advance of therapeutic development, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the major issues to public health. The use of genomics and systems biology approaches to inform drug discovery and development have offered the possibilities for new target identification and in silico drug repurposing. In this study, we propose a network-based, systems pharmacology framework for target identification and drug repurposing in pharmacologic treatment and chemoprevention of CAD. Specifically, we build in silico models by integrating known drug-target interactions, CAD genes derived from the genetic and genomic studies, and the human protein-protein interactome. We demonstrate that the proposed in silico models can successfully uncover approved drugs and novel natural products in potentially treating and preventing CAD. In case studies, we highlight several approved drugs (e.g., fasudil, parecoxib, and dexamethasone) or natural products (e.g., resveratrol, luteolin, daidzein and caffeic acid) with new mechanism-of-action in chemical intervention of CAD by network analysis. In summary, this study offers a powerful systems pharmacology approach for target identification and in silico drug repurposing on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Chuipu Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yanting Chai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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24
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Mahobiya A, Singh TU, Rungsung S, Kumar T, Chandrasekaran G, Parida S, Kumar D. Kaempferol-induces vasorelaxation via endothelium-independent pathways in rat isolated pulmonary artery. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:863-874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dong YR, Huang SW, Cui JZ, Yoshitomi T. Effects of brinzolamide on rabbit ocular blood flow in vivo and ex vivo. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:719-725. [PMID: 29862168 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate if significant improvement of optic disc blood flow (ODBF) occurs after instillation of brinzolamide onto rabbit eyes. METHODS Testing of bilateral intraocular pressure (IOP) and left ODBF in 10 male rabbits took place every 3h over a 24h period. Brinzolamide (1% ophthalmic solution, two drops at 9:00 and 21:00) was administered to the left eye. ODBF, assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy, was determined as the mean blur rate (MBR). Furthermore, the effect of brinzolamide on isolated rabbit ciliary arteries using isometric tension recording system was performed. RESULTS After brinzolamide instillation, IOP was significantly decreased in the left eye. MBR-vessel was greater at 18:00 and 21:00 (P<0.05) than in the controls. MBR-tissue and MBR-average were greater at 18:00 (P<0.05) than in the controls. For isolated arteries pre-contracted with a high-K solution, brinzolamide induced concentration-dependent relaxation, reaching 46.1%±9% (n=21) at 1 mmol/L. In Ca2+-free solutions, incubation with brinzolamide suppressed 1 µmol/L histamine-induced contractions (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Brinzolamide decreases IOP and increases ocular blood flow. The direct vasodilatory effect of brizolamide is mediated by suppression of Ca2+ release from intracellular calcium stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shi-Wei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Zhe Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Takeshi Yoshitomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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26
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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Cheng XQ, Zhang JY, Gao SS, Wu H, Zuo YM, Gu EW, Chen ZW. Sufentanil attenuates impairment of the endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in the rat coronary artery. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1309-1314. [PMID: 27533316 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sufentanil has been used broadly in cardiac surgery, but the mechanisms by which it modulates coronary vascular tone after ischemia-reperfusion injury are largely unknown. Effects of sufentanil on coronary tone and on the relaxation of rat coronary arteries (CAs) in response to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) relaxing agents in the presence of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) was studied in an in vitro organ chamber setup. Sufentanil (10-7-10-4 mol/L) relaxed rat CA rings in endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent manners. In endothelium-intact rings, preincubation of H/R-treated CAs with sufentanil (10-5 mol/L) significantly increased the acetylcholine response, but did not augment sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation. Sufentanil-mediated potentiation of acetylcholine-induced relaxation was not affected by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or by intermediate- or small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blockers. However, potentiation was abolished by iberiotoxin (100 nmol/L), a selective inhibitor of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, as well as Rp-cAMPS (30 μmol/L), a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor. Sufentanil induced endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxation and attenuated H/R-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the rat CAs. The potentiating effect of sufentanil may involve activation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels via cAMP-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qi Cheng
- a Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.,b Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Yan Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- a Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Wu
- b Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - You-Mei Zuo
- b Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Er-Wei Gu
- b Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- a Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
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Davinelli S, Scapagnini G. Polyphenols: a Promising Nutritional Approach to Prevent or Reduce the Progression of Prehypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2016; 23:197-202. [PMID: 27115149 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-016-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy blood pressure. Functional foods are increasingly popular among health-conscious consumers to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and improve vascular health. In particular, dietary polyphenols represent an extraordinary inventory of structurally different compounds that may represent promising candidate chemical entities to prevent or delay the onset of hypertension. In recent years, it has been recognized that prehypertension may be a predictor of clinical hypertension and consequently of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, prehypertension status is associated with increased levels of several inflammatory markers and it is also characterized by structural changes, including endothelial dysfunction and arteriolar hypertrophy. Despite the low bioavailability of polyphenols and the lack of clinical data from nutritional intervention studies, the antihypertensive role of polyphenols to control blood pressure and reduce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction has been subject of recent debate. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential benefits of dietary polyphenols as a promising and effective nutritional strategy for the management of prehypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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Smooth muscle relaxant activity of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituents: possible mechanisms. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2015; 5:365-75. [PMID: 26468456 PMCID: PMC4599118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Saffron, Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus) is rich in carotenoids and used in traditional medicine for treatment of various conditions such as coughs, stomach disorders, amenorrhea, asthma and cardiovascular disorders. These therapeutic effects of the plant are suggested to be due to its relaxant effect on smooth muscles. The effect of C. sativus and its constituents on different smooth muscles and the underlying mechanisms have been studied. Several studies have shown the relaxant effects of C. sativus and its constituents including safranal, crocin, crocetin and kaempferol on blood vessels. In addition, it was reported that saffron stigma lowers systolic blood pressure. The present review highlights the relaxant effects of C. sativus and its constituents on various smooth muscles. The possible mechanisms of this relaxing effect including activation of ß2-adrenoceptors, inhibition of histamine H1 and muscarinic receptors and calcium channels and modulation of nitric oxide (NO) are also reviewed.
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