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Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating form of pain arising from injury or disease of the nervous system that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain are still not fully understood. Dendritic spines are small protrusions on the surface of neurons that play an important role in synaptic transmission. Recent studies have shown that dendritic spines reorganize in the superficial and deeper laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn with the development of neuropathic pain in multiple models of disease or injury. Given the importance of dendritic spines in synaptic transmission, it is possible that studying dendritic spines could lead to new therapeutic approaches for managing intractable pain. In this review article, we highlight the emergent role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain, as well as discuss the potential for studying dendritic spines for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared F King
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marike L Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sierra D Kauer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Yin Y, Yan Y, Jin X, Fu Y, Chen Y. Netrin-1 Promotes M2 Type Activation and Inhibits Pyroptosis of Microglial Cells by Depressing RAC1/Nf-?B Pathway to Alleviate Inflammatory Pain. Physiol Res 2024; 73:305-314. [PMID: 38710054 PMCID: PMC11081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 (NTN-1) plays a vital role in the progress of nervous system development and inflammatory diseases. However, the role and underlying mechanism of NTN-1 in inflammatory pain (IP) are unclear. BV2 microglia were treated with LPS to mimic the cell status under IP. Adeno-associated virus carrying the NTN-1 gene (AAV-NTN-1) was used to overexpress NTN-1. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced mouse was recruited as an in vivo model. MTT and commercial kits were utilized to evaluate cell viability and cell death of BV2 cells. The mRNA expressions and secretions of cytokines were measured using the ELISA method. Also, the pyroptosis and activation of BV2 cells were investigated based on western blotting. To verify the role of Rac1/NF-kappaB signaling, isochamaejasmin (ISO) and AAV-Rac1 were presented. The results showed that NTN-1 expression was decreased in LPS-treated BV2 microglia and spinal cord tissues of CFA-injected mice. Overexpressing NTN-1 dramatically reversed cell viability and decreased cell death rate of BV2 microglia under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, while the level of pyroptosis was inhibited. Besides, AAV-NTN-1 rescued the activation of microglia and inflammatory injury induced by LPS, decreasing IBA-1 expression, as well as iNOS, IL-1beta and IL-6 secretions. Meanwhile AAV-NTN-1 promoted the anti-inflammation response, including increases in Arg-1, IL-4 and IL-10 levels. In addition, the LPS-induced activation of Rac1/NF-kappaB signaling was depressed by NTN-1 overexpression. The same results were verified in a CFA-induced mouse model. In conclusion, NTN-1 alleviated IP by suppressing pyroptosis and promoting M2 type activation of microglia via inhibiting Rac1/NF-?B signaling, suggesting the protective role of NTN-1 in IP. Keywords: Netrin-1, Inflammatory pain, Pyroptosis, Microglia M2 activation, Rac1/NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Wan Y, Zhou J, Zhang P, Lin X, Li H. Inhibition of spinal Rac1 attenuates chronic inflammatory pain by regulating the activation of astrocytes. Cell Signal 2024; 114:110972. [PMID: 37984604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation is an important mechanism for the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain. Previous studies have investigated that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is closely related to astrocyte activation after central nervous system injury. However, the role of Rac1 in astrocyte activation in chronic inflammatory pain has not been reported. METHODS Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain model and LPS-stimulated astrocytes were used to investigate the role of Rac1 in astrocyte activation and the underlying mechanism. Rac1-interfering adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting astrocytes was delivered to spinal astrocytes by intrathecal administration and a Rac1 specific inhibitor, NSC23766, was used to block cultured astrocytes. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proinflammatory cytokines, p-NF-κB, and nod-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence to investigate the activation of astrocytes. RESULTS CFA induced spinal astrocyte activation and increased the expression of active Rac1 in spinal astrocytes. Knockdown of astrocyte Rac1 alleviated chronic inflammatory pain and inhibited astrocyte activation. Inhibition of Rac1 activation in cultured astrocytes decreased the expression of GFAP and proinflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of Rac1 inhibited the increase of expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and phosphorylation of NF-κB in the spinal lumbar enlargement after CFA injection. Similarly, the inhibition of Rac1 suppressed the increase of NLRP3 inflammasome and p-NF-κB protein level after LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION Knockdown of astrocyte Rac1 attenuated CFA-induced hyperalgesia and astrocyte activation possibly by blocking the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and phosphorylation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jieshu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Mucke HAM. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications January-March 2023. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2023. [PMID: 37192485 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
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Yang M, Xu GH. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics for investigating the effect of Guasha on lumbar disc herniation in rats. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.370107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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Xu L, Yang L, Wu Y, Wan X, Tang X, Xu Y, Chen Q, Liu Y, Liu S. Rac1/PAK1 signaling contributes to bone cancer pain by Regulation dendritic spine remodeling in rats. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231161031. [PMID: 36938611 PMCID: PMC10028669 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231161031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is severe chronic pain caused by tumor metastasis to the bones, often resulting in significant skeletal remodeling and fractures. Currently, there is no curative treatment. Therefore, insight into the underlying mechanisms could guide the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for BCP. We speculated that Rac1/PAK1 signaling plays a critical role in the development of BCP. Tumor cells implantation (TCI) into the tibial cavity resulted in bone cancer-associated mechanical allodynia. Golgi staining revealed changes in the excitatory synaptic structure of WDR (Wide-dynamic range) neurons in the spinal cord, including increased postsynaptic density (PSD) length and thickness, and width of the cleft. Behavioral and western blotting test revealed that the development and persistence of pain correlated with Rac1/PAK1 signaling activation in primary sensory neurons. Intrathecal injection of NSC23766, a Rac1 inhibitor, reduced the persistence of BCP as well as reversed the remodeling of dendrites. Therefore, we concluded that activation of the Rac1/PAK1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord plays an important role in the development of BCP through remodeling of dendritic spines. Modulation of the Rac1/PAK1 pathway may be a potential strategy for BCP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower
Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihui Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepeng Liu
- Institute of Xuzhou Medical
Science, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Up-regulating TIPE2 alleviates inflammatory pain by suppressing microglial activation-mediated inflammatory response via inhibiting Rac1/NF-κB pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112631. [PMID: 33933441 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α-inducible protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a recently discovered regulator of inflammation that can maintain immune homeostasis, exerting a significant role in the development of inflammation-related diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the role and potential regulatory mechanism of TIPE2 in the progression of inflammatory pain. In the present study, a mouse BV2 microglia cell activation-mediated inflammatory model was developed with LPS induction, and a mouse inflammatory pain model was established with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection. In vitro, the TIPE2 expression was decreased in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Overexpression of TIPE2 mitigated LPS-medicated microglial activation via decreasing nitric oxide (NO) generation and the expression of microglia marker IBA-1. Notably, increasing TIPE2 expression alleviated microglial activation-triggered expression levels and releases of proinflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Mechanism analysis verified that overexpression of TIPE2 blunted Rac1-mediated activation of NF-κB pathway following LPS stimulation. More importantly, CFA injection reduced the expression of TIPE2 in a mouse inflammatory pain model and overexpression of TIPE2 alleviated CFA-mediated pain hypersensitivity and inflammatory response, and inactivated microglia cell in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of TIPE2 decreased Rac1 expression and suppressed the activation of NF-κB pathway in spinal cord after CFA injection. In summary, the present study revealed that overexpression of TIPE2 mitigated inflammatory pain through suppressing microglial activation-induced inflammation by inactivating Rac1/NF-κB pathway. The study provides a novel theoretical foundation for the therapy of inflammatory pain.
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Li X, Zhu W, Fan M, Zhang J, Peng Y, Huang F, Wang N, He L, Zhang L, Holmdahl R, Meng L, Lu S. Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cholesterol-rich lipid raft and endosomal acidification. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1933-1943. [PMID: 33850607 PMCID: PMC8028701 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a kind of viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the mechanism whereby SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells remains poorly understood. Here we used SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses to infect human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressing HEK293T cells and evaluated virus infection. We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 entry was dependent on ACE2 and sensitive to pH of endosome/lysosome in HEK293T cells. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses is independent of dynamin, clathrin, caveolin and endophilin A2, as well as macropinocytosis. Instead, we found that the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses was cholesterol-rich lipid raft dependent. Cholesterol depletion of cell membranes with methyl-β-cyclodextrin resulted in reduction of pseudovirus infection. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses resumed with cholesterol supplementation. Together, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, and endosomal acidification, are key steps of SARS-CoV-2 required for infection of host cells. Therefore, our finding expands the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism and provides a new anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, China.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Meiyang Fan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Yizhao Peng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Fumeng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 710054 Xi'an, China
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, China.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Liesu Meng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, China.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, China.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, 710061 Xi'an, China
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Zhang G, Wu P, Zhou K, He M, Zhang X, Qiu C, Li T, Zhang T, Xie K, Dai G, Wang J. Study on the transcriptome for breast muscle of chickens and the function of key gene RAC2 on fibroblasts proliferation. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:157. [PMID: 33676413 PMCID: PMC7937270 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth performance is significant in broiler production. In the growth process of broilers, gene expression varies at different growth stages. However, limited research has been conducted on the molecular mechanisms of muscle growth and development in yellow-feathered male chickens. RESULTS In the study, we used RNA-seq to study the transcriptome of the breast muscle of male Jinghai yellow chickens at 4 (M4F), 8 (M8F) and 12 weeks (M12F) of age. The results showed that 4608 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by comparison in pairs of the three groups with Fold Change (FC) ≥ 2 and False Discovery Rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05, and 83, 3445 and 3903 DEGs were obtained separately from M4FvsM8F, M4FvsM12F and M8FvsM12F. Six genes were found as co-differentially expressed in the three age groups, namely SNCG, MYH1A, ARHGDIB, ENSGALG00000031598, ENSGALG00000035660 and ENSGALG00000030559. The GO analysis showed that 0, 304 and 408 biological process (BP) were significantly enriched in M4FvsM8F, M4FvsM12F and M8FvsM12F groups, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that 1, 2, 4 and 4 pathways were significantly enriched in M4FvsM8F, M4FvsM12F, M8FvsM12F and all DEGs, respectively. They were steroid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, biosynthesis of amino acids and salmonella infection. We constructed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to interfere the differentially expressed gene RAC2 in DF-1 cells and detected mRNA and protein expression of the downstream genes PAK1 and MAPK8. Results of qPCR showed that RAC2, PAK1 and MAPK8 mRNA expression significantly decreased in the shRAC2-2 group compared with the negative control (NC) group. Western Blot (WB) results showed that the proteins of RAC2, PAK1 and MAPK8 also decreased in the shRAC2-2 group. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay both showed that the proliferation of DF-1 cells was significantly inhibited after transfection of shRAC2-2. CONCLUSIONS The results of RNA-seq revealed genes, BP terms and KEGG pathways related to growth and development of male Jinghai yellow chickens, and they would have important guiding significance to our production practice. Further research suggested that RAC2 might regulate cell proliferation by regulating PAKs/MAPK8 pathway and affect growth of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Kaizhi Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mingliang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Cong Qiu
- Jiangsu Jinghai Poultry Group Co. Ltd., Nantong, 226100, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guojun Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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10
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Wang JL, Wang Y, Sun W, Yu Y, Wei N, Du R, Yang Y, Liang T, Wang XL, Ou CH, Chen J. Spinophilin modulates pain through suppressing dendritic spine morphogenesis via negative control of Rac1-ERK signaling in rat spinal dorsal horn. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105302. [PMID: 33609640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both spinophilin (SPN, also known as neurabin 2) and Rac1 (a member of Rho GTPase family) are believed to play key roles in dendritic spine (DS) remodeling and spinal nociception. However, how SPN interacts with Rac1 in the above process is unknown. Here, we first demonstrated natural existence of SPN-protein phosphatase 1-Rac1 complex in the spinal dorsal horn (DH) neurons by both double immunofluorescent labeling and co-immunoprecipitation, then the effects of SPN over-expression and down-regulation on mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity, GTP-bound Rac1-ERK signaling activity, and spinal DS density were studied. Over-expression of SPN in spinal neurons by intra-DH pAAV-CMV-SPN-3FLAG could block both mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity induced by intraplantar bee venom injection, however it had no effect on the basal pain sensitivity. Over-expression of SPN also resulted in a significant decrease in GTP-Rac1-ERK activities, relative to naive and irrelevant control (pAAV-MCS). In sharp contrast, knockdown of SPN in spinal neurons by intra-DH pAAV-CAG-eGFP-U6-shRNA[SPN] produced both pain hypersensitivity and dramatic elevation of GTP-Rac1-ERK activities, relative to naive and irrelevant control (pAAV-shRNA [NC]). Moreover, knockdown of SPN resulted in increase in DS density while over-expression of it had no such effect. Collectively, SPN is likely to serve as a regulator of Rac1 signaling to suppress DS morphogenesis via negative control of GTP-bound Rac1-ERK activities at postsynaptic component in rat DH neurons wherein both mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity are controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Lin Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Na Wei
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Ting Liang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Ce-Hua Ou
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China.
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11
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Benson CA, Reimer ML, Tan AM. Dendritic Spines in the Spinal Cord: Live Action Pain. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520951164. [PMID: 32864619 PMCID: PMC7432977 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520951164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are microscopic protrusions on neurons that house the postsynaptic machinery necessary for neurotransmission between neurons. As such, dendritic spine structure is intimately linked with synaptic function. In pathology, dendritic spine behavior and its contribution to disease are not firmly understood. It is well known that dendritic spines are highly dynamic in vivo. In our recent publication, we used an intravital imaging approach, which permitted us to repeatedly visualize the same neurons located in lamina II, a nociceptive processing region of the spinal cord. Using this imaging platform, we analyzed the intravital dynamics of dendritic spine structure before and after nerve injury-induced pain. This effort revealed a time-dependent relationship between the progressive increase in pain outcome, and a switch in the steady-state fluctuations of dendritic spine structure. Collectively, our in vivo study demonstrates how injury that leads to abnormal pain may also contribute to synapse-associated structural remodeling in nociceptive regions of the spinal cord dorsal horn. By combining our live-imaging approach with measures of neuronal activity, such as with the use of calcium or other voltage-sensitive dyes, we expect to gain a more complete picture of the relationship between dendritic spine structure and nociceptive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marike L Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Patwa S, Benson CA, Dyer L, Olson K, Bangalore L, Hill M, Waxman SG, Tan AM. Spinal cord motor neuron plasticity accompanies second-degree burn injury and chronic pain. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14288. [PMID: 31858746 PMCID: PMC6923170 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries and associated complications present a major public health challenge. Many burn patients develop clinically intractable complications, including pain and other sensory disorders. Recent evidence has shown that dendritic spine neuropathology in spinal cord sensory and motor neurons accompanies central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS) trauma and disease. However, no research has investigated similar dendritic spine neuropathologies following a cutaneous thermal burn injury. In this retrospective investigation, we analyzed dendritic spine morphology and localization in alpha-motor neurons innervating a burn-injured area of the body (hind paw). To identify a molecular regulator of these dendritic spine changes, we further profiled motor neuron dendritic spines in adult mice treated with romidepsin, a clinically approved Pak1-inhibitor, or vehicle control at two postburn time points: Day 6 immediately after treatment, or Day 10 following drug withdrawal. In control treated mice, we observed an overall increase in dendritic spine density, including structurally mature spines with mushroom-shaped morphology. Pak1-inhibitor treatment reduced injury-induced changes to similar levels observed in animals without burn injury. The effectiveness of the Pak1-inhibitor was durable, since normalized dendritic spine profiles remained as long as 4 days despite drug withdrawal. This study is the first report of evidence demonstrating that a second-degree burn injury significantly affects motor neuron structure within the spinal cord. Furthermore, our results support the opportunity to study dendritic spine dysgenesis as a novel avenue to clarify the complexities of neurological disease following traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Patwa
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Curtis A. Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Lauren Dyer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Kai‐Lan Olson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Lakshmi Bangalore
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Myriam Hill
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Andrew M. Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
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13
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Guo Y, Benson C, Hill M, Henry S, Effraim P, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj S, Tan AM. Therapeutic potential of Pak1 inhibition for pain associated with cutaneous burn injury. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918788648. [PMID: 29956587 PMCID: PMC6053256 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918788648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Painful burn injuries are among the most debilitating form of trauma, globally ranking in the top 15 leading causes of chronic disease burden. Despite its prevalence, however, chronic pain after burn injury is under-studied. We previously demonstrated the contribution of the Rac1-signaling pathway in several models of neuropathic pain, including burn injury. However, Rac1 belongs to a class of GTPases with low therapeutic utility due to their complex intracellular dynamics. To further understand the mechanistic underpinnings of burn-induced neuropathic pain, we performed a longitudinal study to address the hypothesis that inhibition of the downstream effector of Rac1, Pak1, will improve pain outcome following a second-degree burn injury. Substantial evidence has identified Pak1 as promising a clinical target in cognitive dysfunction and is required for dendritic spine dysgenesis associated with many neurological diseases. In our burn injury model, mice exhibited significant tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia and dendritic spine dysgenesis in the dorsal horn. Activity-dependent expression of c-fos also increased in dorsal horn neurons, an indicator of elevated central nociceptive activity. To inhibit Pak1, we repurposed an FDA-approved inhibitor, romidepsin. Treatment with romidepsin decreased dendritic spine dysgenesis, reduced c-fos expression, and rescued pain thresholds. Drug discontinuation resulted in a relapse of cellular correlates of pain and in lower pain thresholds in behavioral tests. Taken together, our findings identify Pak1 signaling as a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in traumatic burn-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Guo
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research,
Yale
University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut
Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Curtis Benson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research,
Yale
University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut
Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Myriam Hill
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research,
Yale
University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut
Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefanie Henry
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research,
Yale
University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut
Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip Effraim
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research,
Yale
University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut
Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research,
Yale
University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut
Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sulayman Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research,
Yale
University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut
Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research,
Yale
University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut
Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Nishizawa D, Mieda T, Tsujita M, Nakagawa H, Yamaguchi S, Kasai S, Hasegawa J, Fukuda KI, Kitamura A, Hayashida M, Ikeda K. Genome-wide scan identifies candidate loci related to remifentanil requirements during laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 19:113-127. [PMID: 29207912 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Opioids are widely used as effective analgesics, but opioid sensitivity is well known to vary widely among individuals. We explored the genetic factors that contribute to individual differences in intraoperative opioid sensitivity by performing a genome-wide association study. PATIENTS & METHODS We conducted a multistage genome-wide association study in subjects who underwent laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. RESULTS A nonsynonymous SNP, rs199670311, within the TMEM8A gene region and intronic SNPs, including rs4839603, within the SLC9A9 gene region were significantly associated with intraoperative opioid requirements (p = 3.409 × 10-8 in the dominant model for rs199670311; p = 4.162 × 10-6 and p = 4.229 × 10-6 in the additive and recessive models, respectively, for rs4839603). The A and T alleles of the rs199670311 and rs4839603 SNPs, respectively, were associated with lower opioid sensitivity in patients. CONCLUSION Our findings provide valuable information for personalized pain treatment during laparoscopic-assisted colectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishizawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mieda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38, Morohongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Miki Tsujita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shinya Kasai
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Junko Hasegawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Fukuda
- Department of Oral Health & Clinical Science, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Akira Kitamura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hayashida
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongou, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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15
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Wang Y, Lu YF, Li CL, Sun W, Li Z, Wang RR, He T, Yang F, Yang Y, Wang XL, Guan SM, Chen J. Involvement of Rac1 signalling pathway in the development and maintenance of acute inflammatory pain induced by bee venom injection. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:937-50. [PMID: 26700000 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Rho GTPase, Rac1, is involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain induced by malformation of dendritic spines in the spinal dorsal horn (sDH) neurons. In the present study, the contribution of spinal Rac1 to peripheral inflammatory pain was studied. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of s.c. bee venom (BV) injection on cellular localization of Rac1 in the rat sDH was determined with double labelling immunofluorescence. Activation of Rac1 and its downstream effector p21-activated kinase (PAK), ERKs and p38 MAPK in inflammatory pain states was evaluated with a pull-down assay and Western blotting. The preventive and therapeutic analgesic effects of intrathecal administration of NSC23766, a selective inhibitor of Rac1, on BV-induced spontaneous nociception and pain hypersensitivity were investigated. KEY RESULTS Rac1 labelling was mainly localized within neurons in both the superficial and deep layers of the sDH in rats of naïve, vehicle-treated and inflamed (BV injected) groups. GTP-Rac1-PAK and ERKs/p38 were activated following s.c. BV injection. Post-treatment with intrathecal NSC23766 significantly inhibited GTP-Rac1 activity and phosphorylation of Rac1-PAK, ERKs and p38 MAPK in the sDH. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment with intrathecal NSC23766 dose-dependently attenuated the paw flinches, primary thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and the mirror-image thermal hyperalgesia induced by BV injection, but without affecting the baseline pain sensitivity and motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The spinal GTP-Rac1-PAK-ERK/p38MAPK signalling pathway is involved in both the development and maintenance of peripheral inflammatory pain and can be used as a potential molecular target for developing a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yun-Fei Lu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Su-Min Guan
- School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
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