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Wan Y, Zhou J, Zhang P, Lin X, Li H. Inhibition of spinal Rac1 attenuates chronic inflammatory pain by regulating the activation of astrocytes. Cell Signal 2024; 114:110972. [PMID: 37984604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation is an important mechanism for the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain. Previous studies have investigated that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is closely related to astrocyte activation after central nervous system injury. However, the role of Rac1 in astrocyte activation in chronic inflammatory pain has not been reported. METHODS Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain model and LPS-stimulated astrocytes were used to investigate the role of Rac1 in astrocyte activation and the underlying mechanism. Rac1-interfering adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting astrocytes was delivered to spinal astrocytes by intrathecal administration and a Rac1 specific inhibitor, NSC23766, was used to block cultured astrocytes. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proinflammatory cytokines, p-NF-κB, and nod-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence to investigate the activation of astrocytes. RESULTS CFA induced spinal astrocyte activation and increased the expression of active Rac1 in spinal astrocytes. Knockdown of astrocyte Rac1 alleviated chronic inflammatory pain and inhibited astrocyte activation. Inhibition of Rac1 activation in cultured astrocytes decreased the expression of GFAP and proinflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of Rac1 inhibited the increase of expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and phosphorylation of NF-κB in the spinal lumbar enlargement after CFA injection. Similarly, the inhibition of Rac1 suppressed the increase of NLRP3 inflammasome and p-NF-κB protein level after LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION Knockdown of astrocyte Rac1 attenuated CFA-induced hyperalgesia and astrocyte activation possibly by blocking the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and phosphorylation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jieshu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Yang JL, Shi JJ, Ma NQ, Jiang MJ, Peng R, Chen LY, Yu ML, Lu SF. Effect of electroacupuncture on inflammatory response and immune cells in mice with chronic inflammatory pain. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2024; 49:30-36. [PMID: 38239136 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20221174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on local inflammatory mediators and macrophage polarization, and immune cells in the spleen of mice with chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the hind paw, so as to investigate the immunoinflammatory regulatory mechanisms of EA in relieving pain and swelling in mice with chronic inflammatory pain. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, model, and EA groups, with 10 mice in each group. Chronic inflammatory pain model were established by subcutaneous injection of 20 μL CFA solution in the left hind paw for 7 consecutive days. After modeling, mice in the EA group received EA at bilateral "Zusanli"(ST36) for 20 min (2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 mA) once a day for 18 consecutive days. Mechanical pain threshold, heat pain thresholds, and paw thickness were measured before and after mode-ling, and after interventions. Western blot was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the paw tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of M1-type macrophage marker inducible nitric oride synthase (iNOS) and M2-type marker CD206 in the paw, and flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of F4/80+ CD11b+ macrophages, Ly6G+ CD11b+ neutrophils, and CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen. RESULTS Compared with the control group, mechanical pain and heat pain thresholds were significantly reduced(P<0.000 1), while paw thickness, expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NLRP3 in the paw, and positive expression of M1 macrophage marker iNOS in the paw, the proportions of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen were significantly increased (P<0.000 1, P<0.001) in the model group. Compared with the model group, mechanical pain threshold and heat pain thresholds, CD206 positive expression in the paw, and Treg cell proportion in spleen were significantly increased (P<0.01), while paw thickness, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and NLRP3 in the paw, as well as the positive expression of M1 macrophage marker iNOS in the paw, the proportions of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen were significantly reduced (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05)in mice of the EA group after intervention. CONCLUSIONS EA may alleviate pain and swelling in mice with chronic inflammatory pain by regulating the numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, and Treg cells, as well as promoting M2 polarization of local macrophages and inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nai-Qi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min-Jiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Yao Chen
- Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu Province
| | - Mei-Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023.
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Lin R, Gu JG, Wang ZF, Zeng XX, Xiao HW, Chen JC, He J. Mechanism of action of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction in relieving chronic inflammatory pain via Sema3G protein regulation in the dorsal root ganglion. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23617. [PMID: 38192809 PMCID: PMC10772129 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction (SGD) on proteins with significant changes in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rats and to explore the role of the Semaphorin 3G (Sema3G) protein in the DRG and its downstream factors, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and CC-motif chemokine ligand 2(CCL2), in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain (CIP). Methods We created a CIP rat model using 100 μL of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) that was injected into the left posterior plantar of rats. Then, we administered SGD intragastrically. We tested the animals for behavioral changes and protein expression levels in DRG pre- and post-drug intervention. Results Rats in the SGD group showed significantly increased paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), paw withdrawal latency (PWL), and relative expression levels of the Sema3G protein in the DRG (all P < 0.05), while the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and CCL2 in the DRG of the rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) when compared with the model group. Conclusion In this study, we found that Shaoyao-Gancao decoction was effective in improving the PWT and PWL of rats with CIP. It reduced CIP by upregulating the expression of Sema3G in the DRG and inhibiting the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and CCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lin
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jun-Gang Gu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhi-Fu Wang
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Zeng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xiao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Chen
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Jian He
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
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Yang P, Chen H, Wang T, Li L, Su H, Li J, He Y, Su S. Electroacupuncture attenuates chronic inflammatory pain and depression comorbidity by inhibiting hippocampal neuronal apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2023; 812:137411. [PMID: 37516346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) and depression, neuroapoptosis has been identified as a contributing factor. Electroacupuncture (EA) shows promise as an alternative therapy for this comorbidity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EA on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in rats with CIP and depression. Rats received plantar injections of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) on days 0 and 14. They were then divided into groups: sham operation, model, EA, and duloxetine. EA was administered at Hegu (LI4) and Taichong (LR3) from days 15 to 28, while the duloxetine group received duloxetine and distilled water daily (0.1 mg/ml). Pain behavior was assessed using the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) tests. Depression-like behavior was evaluated through the sucrose preference test (SPT), open-field test (OFT), and forced swim test (FST). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was employed to assess pathological changes in the hippocampus. Nerve cell apoptosis was determined using TUNEL fluorescence staining. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p-PI3K/PI3K, and p-Akt/Akt. EA demonstrated significant pain intensity reduction and alleviation of pain-related depressive symptoms. Our findings from the HE staining confirmed that CIP induced by CFA led to morphological changes in the hippocampus, while EA effectively reversed these pathological alterations. Moreover, EA intervention remarkably reduced neuronal apoptosis and exhibited an upregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression accompanied by a decrease in Bax expression. Additionally, EA activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, our study suggests that EA holds the potential to improve pain and depressive behaviors in rats with CIP and depression comorbidity, potentially mediated through the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to a reduction in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Preventive Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tian Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Su
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yujun He
- Faculty of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengyong Su
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Zhang FM, Wang B, Hu H, Zhang YY, Chen HH, Jiang ZJ, Zeng MX, Liu XJ. Transcriptional profiles of TGF-β superfamily members in the lumbar DRGs and the effects of activins A and C on inflammatory pain in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-022-00943-z. [PMID: 36696051 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily is necessary for proper neural development and is involved in pain processing under both physiological and pathological conditions. Sensory neurons that reside in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) initially begin to perceive noxious signaling from their innervating peripheral target tissues and further convey pain signaling to the central nervous system. However, the transcriptional profile of the TGF-β superfamily members in DRGs during chronic inflammatory pain remains elusive. We developed a custom microarray to screen for transcriptional changes in members of the TGF-β superfamily in lumbar DRGs of rats with chronic inflammatory pain and found that the transcription of the TGF-β superfamily members tends to be downregulated. Among them, signaling of the activin/inhibin and bone morphogenetic protein/growth and differentiation factor (BMP/GDF) families dramatically decreased. In addition, peripherally pre-local administration of activins A and C worsened formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain, whereas activin C, but not activin A, improved formalin-induced persistent inflammatory pain by inhibiting the activation of astrocytes. This is the first report of the TGF-β superfamily transcriptional profiles in lumbar DRGs under chronic inflammatory pain conditions, in which transcriptional changes in cytokines or pathway components were found to contribute to, or be involved in, inflammatory pain processing. Our data will provide more targets for pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, 226001, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Pain and Related Disease Research Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Han Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Hao-Hao Chen
- Pain and Related Disease Research Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zuo-Jie Jiang
- Pain and Related Disease Research Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei-Xing Zeng
- Pain and Related Disease Research Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, 226001, Nantong, China.
- Pain and Related Disease Research Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
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Jiang S, Zheng C, Wen G, Bu B, Zhao S, Xu X. Down-regulation of NR2B receptors contributes to the analgesic and antianxiety effects of enriched environment mediated by endocannabinoid system in the inflammatory pain mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 435:114062. [PMID: 35985400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain states are highly prevalent and yet poorly controlled by currently available analgesics. It has been reported that enriched environment (EE), as a new way of endogenous pharmacotherapy, is effective in attenuating chronic inflammatory pain. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. NMDA NR2B receptor plays a critical role in pain transmission and modulation. Thus, in this study, we aimed at the effect of EE on the NR2B receptors expression in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and thalamus in the inflammatory pain mice. The results showed a significant increase of NR2B receptors in the thalamus of mice at 7 d following injection of CFA in the subcutaneous of the bottom of the left hind paw. EE significantly reduced the duration of mechanical hypersensitivity and anxiety-related behavior and the expression of NR2B receptors as compared to the standard condition. Furthermore, EE significantly increased 2-arachidonoylglycero (2-AG) levels at 7 d in the inflammatory pain mice as compared to the standard condition, and the effect of EE on the behavior and the expression of NR2B receptors was abolished by intraperitoneal injection of AM281 (a selective antagonist of CB1 receptor). Elevated 2-AG levels by intraperitoneal injection of JZL184 (a selective inhibitor of MAGL, the enzyme responsible for 2-AG hydrolysis) produced the same effect as EE. Results from this study provide the evidence that EE mimics endocannabinoids to take analgesic and anti-anxiety activities by decreasing the expression of the NR2B receptors via the CB1 receptor in the thalamus, pending further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Jiang
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chuanfei Zheng
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Gehua Wen
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Bin Bu
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, PR China.
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Magni A, Agostoni P, Bonezzi C, Massazza G, Menè P, Savarino V, Fornasari D. Management of Osteoarthritis: Expert Opinion on NSAIDs. Pain Ther 2021; 10:783-808. [PMID: 33876393 PMCID: PMC8586433 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability among older adults worldwide. Treatment aims are to alleviate inflammatory pain and improve physical function through non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended as first-line therapy. However, selection is challenged by patient age, comorbidities and polypharmacy, and by the drug's benefit/risk balance, all of which together influence the risk of cardiovascular (CV), gastrointestinal (GI) and renal adverse events (AEs). While the efficacy profile of the various NSAIDs is delineated, the differences in their safety profile are not straightforward. This narrative review provides practical indications by a multidisciplinary Italian expert panel for general practitioners and specialists managing OA patients with chronic inflammatory pain; the goal is to maximize therapy efficacy while reducing untoward effects caused by inappropriate NSAID use. The discussion on the best approach to NSAIDs spanned the following topics: (1) patient evaluation: investigate pain origin, duration and components together with possible risk factors for CV, GI and renal AEs; (2) non-pharmacological interventions: the physiatrist provides a person-centered, holistic approach accounting for all patient aspects; (3) pharmacological interventions: patient profile and drugs' pharmacological properties affect NSAID selection, which drugs to be used in combination or to be avoided, formulation and therapy duration; (4) the pharmacologist's, general practitioner's and pain therapist's points of view; (5) NSAID safety: the individual baseline risk and the drug's safety profile are major determinants of CV, GI and renal risk; consider possible drug-drug interactions; (6) periodical re-evaluation of treatment response and adherence, using scales to assess pain and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Magni
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Via Del Sansovino 179, Florence, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea, 4, Milan, Italy ,Dipartimento di scienze cliniche e di comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Bonezzi
- Unità di Terapia del dolore, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Via Salvatore Maugeri 10, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Massazza
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Zuretti 29, Turin, Italy ,“Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital, Corso Bramante, 88, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Shao FB, Fang JF, Wang SS, Qiu MT, Xi DN, Jin XM, Liu JG, Shao XM, Shen Z, Liang Y, Fang JQ, Du JY. Anxiolytic effect of GABAergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain. Mol Brain 2021; 14:139. [PMID: 34507588 PMCID: PMC8431944 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain easily leads to concomitant mood disorders, and the excitability of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) pyramidal neurons (PNs) is involved in chronic pain-related anxiety. However, the mechanism by which PNs regulate pain-related anxiety is still unknown. The GABAergic system plays an important role in modulating neuronal activity. In this paper, we aimed to study how the GABAergic system participates in regulating the excitability of ACC PNs, consequently affecting chronic inflammatory pain-related anxiety. A rat model of CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain displayed anxiety-like behaviors, increased the excitability of ACC PNs, and reduced inhibitory presynaptic transmission; however, the number of GAD65/67 was not altered. Interestingly, intra-ACC injection of the GABAAR agonist muscimol relieved anxiety-like behaviors but had no effect on chronic inflammatory pain. Intra-ACC injection of the GABAAR antagonist picrotoxin induced anxiety-like behaviors but had no effect on pain in normal rats. Notably, chemogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons in the ACC alleviated chronic inflammatory pain and pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced inhibitory presynaptic transmission, and reduced the excitability of ACC PNs. Chemogenetic inhibition of GABAergic neurons in the ACC led to pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors, reduced inhibitory presynaptic transmission, and enhanced the excitability of ACC PNs but had no effect on pain in normal rats. We demonstrate that the GABAergic system mediates a reduction in inhibitory presynaptic transmission in the ACC, which leads to enhanced excitability of pyramidal neurons in the ACC and is associated with chronic inflammatory pain-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Bing Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Meng-Ting Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dan-Ning Xi
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, NB Building, 320w 15th Street #141, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jing-Gen Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zui Shen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Zhu X, Yue L, Fan C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao H. Mechanism of Cdk5-synaptophysin-SNARE pathway in acute and chronic inflammatory pain. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1075-1084. [PMID: 33841641 PMCID: PMC8014406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, there is no favorable treatment plan for inflammatory pain, so exploring new analgesics is still a research hotspot in this area. Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a pain-related protein kinase, but its mechanism in inflammatory pain has not been clarified. This research aimed to explore the mechanism of Cdk5-synaptophysin (Syn)-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitivity factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) in acute and chronic inflammatory pain. METHODS Rat models of acute and chronic inflammatory pain were induced by formalin and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), separately, and some rats injected with normal saline through intraplantar injection were divided into a control group. Thirty minutes before modeling, rats were given Cdk5 inhibitor (Roscovitine, Ros), SNARE scavenger (botulinum toxin A, BTTA), glutamate receptor inhibitor (MK801), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) through spinal canals, and the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (PWL) at difference time points were compared. RESULTS Compared with rats in the control group, those in the rat models of acute and chronic inflammatory pain showed lower PWT and PWL, higher Cdk5 enzyme level, tight correlation of Cdk5 with Syn, SNARE, p25 proteins, and higher levels of Cdk5, Syn and SNARE. And the above situation was dramatically reversed under intervention of Ros, BTTA and MK801. CONCLUSION Cdk5-Syn-SNARE pathway is a therapeutic target for inflammatory pain. Blocking the activation of this pathway is beneficial to exert analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Zhu
- Department of Pain Management, Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lihui Yue
- Department of Pain Management, Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunyan Fan
- Department of Pain Management, Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
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Lu G, Pang C, Chen Y, Wu N, Li J. Aquaporin 4 is involved in chronic pain but not acute pain. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112810. [PMID: 32681852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that spinal glia plays an important role in the processing of pain, particularly chronic pain. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), the predominant water channel exists in astrocytes, has been proved to modulate astrocytic function and thus participate in many diseases of the central nervous system. However, there is still controversy over whether AQP4 is involved in pain modulation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AQP4 on pain by examining chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, and thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli-induced acute pain in AQP4 knockout mice. In Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain and spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain models, AQP4-/- mice attenuated pain-related behavioral responses compared with AQP4+/+ mice, demonstrating that AQP4 deficiency relieved chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. In the tail-flick and hot-plate tests, two acute pain models of thermal stimuli, no differences in pain-related behaviors were detected between AQP4+/+ and AQP4-/- mice. In the formalin and capsaicin tests, two models of chemical stimuli-induced acute pain, no differences in the durations of licking the injected hindpaw were found between AQP4+/+ and AQP4-/- mice. In the von Frey hair test, a model of mechanical stimuli-induced acute pain, no significant differences in withdrawal thresholds were found between these two genotypes mice as well. These results indicated that AQP4 deficiency did not affect acute pain induced by thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. Taken together, our findings suggested that AQP4 contributes to chronic pain, but not acute pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chong Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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11
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Li YJ, Zhang K, Sun T, Wang J, Guo YY, Yang L, Yang Q, Li YJ, Liu SB, Zhao MG, Wu YM. Epigenetic suppression of liver X receptor β in anterior cingulate cortex by HDAC5 drives CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:132. [PMID: 31255170 PMCID: PMC6599528 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver X receptors (LXRs), including LXRα and LXRβ, are key regulators of transcriptional programs for both cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation in the brain. Here, the modes of action of LXRs and the epigenetic mechanisms regulating LXRβ expression in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) are investigated. Methods The deficit of LXR isoform and analgesic effect of LXR activation by GW3965 were evaluated using the mouse model of CIP induced by hindpaw injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). The mechanisms involved in GW-mediated analgesic effects were analyzed with immunohistochemical methods, ELISA, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), Western blot, and electrophysiological recording. The epigenetic regulation of LXRβ expression was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation, quantitative real-time PCR, and sequencing. Results We revealed that CFA insult led to LXRβ reduction in ACC, which was associated with upregulated expression of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), and knockdown of LXRβ by shRNA led to thermal hyperalgesia. Co-IP showed that LXRβ interacted with NF-κB p65 physically. LXRβ activation by GW3965 exerted analgesic effects by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, reducing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in ACC, and decreasing the promoted input-output and enhanced mEPSC frequency in ACC neurons after CFA exposure. In vitro experiments confirmed that HDAC5 triggered histone deacetylation on the promoter region of Lxrβ, resulting in downregulation of Lxrβ transcription. Conclusion These findings highlight an epigenetic mechanism underlying LXRβ deficits linked to CIP, and LXRβ activation may represent a potential novel target for the treatment of CIP with an alteration in inflammation responses and synaptic transmission in ACC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1507-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Ambulatorium, 94750 Army Hospital, Liancheng, 366200, FuJian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Oliveira AM, Litke C, Paldy E, Hagenston AM, Lu J, Kuner R, Bading H, Mauceri D. Epigenetic control of hypersensitivity in chronic inflammatory pain by the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a2. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919827469. [PMID: 30638145 PMCID: PMC6362517 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919827469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a pathological manifestation of neuronal plasticity supported by altered gene transcription in spinal cord neurons that results in long-lasting hypersensitivity. Recently, the concept that epigenetic regulators might be important in pathological pain has emerged, but a clear understanding of the molecular players involved in the process is still lacking. In this study, we linked Dnmt3a2, a synaptic activity-regulated de novo DNA methyltransferase, to chronic inflammatory pain. We observed that Dnmt3a2 levels are increased in the spinal cord of adult mice following plantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant, an in vivo model of chronic inflammatory pain. In vivo knockdown of Dnmt3a2 expression in dorsal horn neurons blunted the induction of genes triggered by Complete Freund's Adjuvant injection. Among the genes whose transcription was found to be influenced by Dnmt3a2 expression in the spinal cord is Ptgs2, encoding for Cox-2, a prime mediator of pain processing. Lowering the levels of Dnmt3a2 prevented the establishment of long-lasting inflammatory hypersensitivity. These results identify Dnmt3a2 as an important epigenetic regulator needed for the establishment of central sensitization. Targeting expression or function of Dnmt3a2 may be suitable for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mm Oliveira
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Litke
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eszter Paldy
- 2 Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna M Hagenston
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jianning Lu
- 2 Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- 2 Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Mauceri
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Brum EDS, Becker G, Fialho MFP, Casoti R, Trevisan G, Oliveira SM. TRPA1 involvement in analgesia induced by Tabernaemontana catharinensis ethyl acetate fraction in mice. Phytomedicine 2019; 54:248-258. [PMID: 30668375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionic channels such as the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) are essential for the detection and transmission of painful stimuli. In this sense, new TRPA1 antagonists have been searched as analgesics. PURPOSE Preclinical studies support the antinociceptive activity of Tabernaemontana catharinensis ethyl acetate fraction (Eta), which has constituents previously identified as TRPA1 antagonists (gallic acid). It was verified for the first time the involvement of the TRPA1 on Eta's antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice pain models. STUDY DESIGN It was evaluated the Eta's effect (0.01-100 mg/kg, oral route) on nociceptive (spontaneous nociception, mechanical and cold allodynia) and inflammatory (paw edema) parameters in pain models involved with TRPA1 activation. METHODS Firstly, it was investigated the ability of Eta to act on TRPA1 or TRPV1 channels (Ca2+influx and binding assays in mice spinal cords). Next, it was evaluated the Eta's antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects after intraplantar injection of TRPA1 agonists (hydrogen peroxide, cinnamaldehyde or allyl isothiocyanate) in male Swiss mice (30-35 g). Moreover, the Eta's antinociceptive effects were evaluated on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain (CIP), postoperative pain and on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). Oxidative parameters were evaluated in mice paw utilized for CFA induced-CIP model. RESULTS Eta inhibited the TRPA1 agonist-induced Ca2+ influx [Imax = 72.4 ± 1.5%; IC50 = 0.023(0.004-0.125)µg/ml], but not TRPV1 agonist-induced, nor was able to displace [3H]-resiniferatoxin (TRPV1 agonist) binding. Eta (0.1-100 mg/kg) inhibited the spontaneous nociception [ID50 = 0.043(0.002-0.723)mg/kg], mechanical [ID50 = 7.417(1.426-38.570)mg/kg] and cold allodynia, and edema development caused by TRPA1 agonists. Moreover, Eta (100 mg/kg) prevented and reversed the CFA-induced CIP (Imax = 55.8 ± 13.7%, Imax = 80.4 ± 5.1%, respectively) and postoperative pain (Imax = 88.0 ± 11.6%, Imax = 51.3 ± 14.9%, respectively), been also effective in reversing the acute (Imax = 94.4 ± 12.4%) and chronic (Imax = 86.8 ± 8.6%) PIPN. These effects seem to occur by TRPA1 channels pathway, and independently of TRPV1 or oxidative mechanisms. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Eta-induced antinociception and anti-inflammatory effects occur by TRPA1 inhibition making possible the use of this preparation as a potential therapeutic agent to treat pathological pains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne da Silva Brum
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Becker
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Pessano Fialho
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosana Casoti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Zhou SZ, Zhou YL, Ji F, Li HL, Lv H, Zhang Y, Xu H. Analgesic Effect of Methane Rich Saline in a Rat Model of Chronic Inflammatory Pain. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:869-77. [PMID: 29411262 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
How oxidative stress contributes to neuro-inflammation and chronic pain is documented, and methane is reported to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the nervous system via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We studied whether methane in the form of methane rich saline (MS) has analgesic effects in a monoarthritis (MA) rat model of chronic inflammatory pain. Single and repeated injections of MS (i.p.) reduced MA-induced mechanical allodynia and multiple methane treatments blocked activation of glial cells, decreased IL-1β and TNF-α production and MMP-2 activity, and upregulated IL-10 expression in the spinal cord on day 10 post-MA. Furthermore, MS reduced infiltrating T cells and expression of IFN-γ and suppressed MA-induced oxidative stress (MDA and 8-OHDG), and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Thus, MS may offer anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to reduce chronic inflammatory pain.
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15
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Souza GR, Cunha TM, Silva RL, Lotufo CM, Verri WA, Funez MI, Villarreal CF, Talbot J, Sousa LP, Parada CA, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH. Involvement of nuclear factor kappa B in the maintenance of persistent inflammatory hypernociception. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 134:49-56. [PMID: 25902407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory pain remains poorly understood. In this context, we developed an experimental model in which successive daily injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for 14days into rat hind paws produces a persistent state of hypernociception (i.e. decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold). This state persists for more than 30days after discontinuing PGE2 injection. In the present study, we investigated the participation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in the maintenance of this process. Mechanical hypernociception was evaluated using the electronic von Frey test. Activation of NF-κB signaling was measured through the determination of NF-κB p65 subunit translocation to the nucleus of dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Herein, we detected an increase in NF-κB p65 subunit translocation to the nucleus of DRG neurons along with persistent inflammatory hypernociception compared with controls. Intrathecal treatment with either dexamethasone or PDTC (NF-κB activation inhibitor) after ending of the induction phase of the persistent inflammatory hypernociception, curtailed the hypernociception period as well as reducing NF-κB p65 subunit translocation. Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides against the NF-κB p65 subunit for 5 consecutive days also reduced persistent inflammatory hypernociception. Inhibition of PKA and PKCε reduced persistent inflammatory hypernociception, which was associated with inhibition of NF-κB p65 subunit translocation. Together these results suggest that peripheral activation of NF-κB by PKA and PKC in primary sensory neurons plays an important role in maintaining persistent inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rangel L Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina M Lotufo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, MG 38405-320 Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciencias Patologicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Mani I Funez
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane F Villarreal
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jhimmy Talbot
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Parada
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sergio H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Grégoire S, Wattiez AS, Etienne M, Marchand F, Ardid D. Monoarthritis-induced emotional and cognitive impairments in rats are sensitive to low systemic doses or intra-amygdala injections of morphine. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:1-9. [PMID: 24747193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that not only includes changes in nociception but also impairments in emotional and cognitive functions, not often taken into account in preclinical research. The present study investigated emotional and cognitive impairments in an animal model of persistent inflammatory pain as well as the involvement of the basolateral complex (BLC) of the amygdala in these components. Monoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund׳s adjuvant. Mechanical hypersensitivity, anxiety and depressive-like behaviours as well as cognitive capacities were assessed using several tests, such as von Frey, social interaction, open field, saccharin preference, spatial and social recognition memory tests. The effects of morphine administered systemically or into the BLC of the amygdala were also studied. Monoarthritic rats exhibited mechanical hypersensitivity, anxiety and depressive-like behaviours as well as cognitive impairments. Whereas low systemic doses and intra-BLC infusion of morphine failed to reduce mechanical hypersensitivity, they reversed monoarthritis-induced anxiety-like behaviours and cognitive impairments. Our findings further support a crucial role of amygdala in the effect of morphine on emotional/cognitive components of pain and not on mechanical hypersensitivity. Finally, our study highlights the interest of a multi-behavioural approach in the assessment of pain and the analgesic effect of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Grégoire
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Wattiez
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Monique Etienne
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Fabien Marchand
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Denis Ardid
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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