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Silva AC, Loizou GD, McNally K, Osborne O, Potter C, Gott D, Colbourne JK, Viant MR. A novel method to derive a human safety limit for PFOA by gene expression profiling and modelling. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1368320. [PMID: 38577564 PMCID: PMC10991825 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1368320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent environmental contaminant that can accumulate in the human body due to its long half-life. This substance has been associated with liver, pancreatic, testicular and breast cancers, liver steatosis and endocrine disruption. PFOA is a member of a large group of substances also known as "forever chemicals" and the vast majority of substances of this group lack toxicological data that would enable their effective risk assessment in terms of human health hazards. This study aimed to derive a health-based guidance value for PFOA intake (ng/kg BW/day) from in vitro transcriptomics data. To this end, we developed an in silico workflow comprising five components: (i) sourcing in vitro hepatic transcriptomics concentration-response data; (ii) deriving molecular points of departure using BMDExpress3 and performing pathway analysis using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify the most sensitive molecular pathways to PFOA exposure; (iii) estimating freely-dissolved PFOA concentrations in vitro using a mass balance model; (iv) estimating in vivo doses by reverse dosimetry using a PBK model for PFOA as part of a quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) algorithm; and (v) calculating a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PFOA. Fourteen percent of interrogated genes exhibited in vitro concentration-response relationships. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis revealed that "fatty acid metabolism" was the most sensitive pathway to PFOA exposure. In vitro free PFOA concentrations were calculated to be 2.9% of the nominal applied concentrations, and these free concentrations were input into the QIVIVE workflow. Exposure doses for a virtual population of 3,000 individuals were estimated, from which a TDI of 0.15 ng/kg BW/day for PFOA was calculated using the benchmark dose modelling software, PROAST. This TDI is comparable to previously published values of 1.16, 0.69, and 0.86 ng/kg BW/day by the European Food Safety Authority. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the combined utility of an "omics"-derived molecular point of departure and in silico QIVIVE workflow for setting health-based guidance values in anticipation of the acceptance of in vitro concentration-response molecular measurements in chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Carvalho e Silva
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Olivia Osborne
- Science Evidence and Research Division, Food Standards Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Potter
- Science Evidence and Research Division, Food Standards Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Gott
- Science Evidence and Research Division, Food Standards Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - John K. Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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2
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Dimitrijevic D, Fabian E, Funk-Weyer D, Landsiedel R. Rapid equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration or ultracentrifugation? Evaluation of methods to quantify the unbound fraction of substances in plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:114-120. [PMID: 36812744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In pharmacokinetics plasma protein binding (PPB) is a well-established parameter impacting drug disposition. The unbound fraction (fu) is arguably regarded the effective concentration at the target site. Pharmacology and toxicology, increasingly use in vitro models. The translation of in vitro concentrations to in vivo doses can be supported by toxicokinetic modelling, e.g. physiologically based toxicokinetic models (PBTK). PPB of a test substance is an input parameter for PBTK. We compared three methods to quantify fu: rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED), ultrafiltration (UF) and ultracentrifugation (UC) using twelve substances covering a wide range of Log Pow (-0.1 to 6.8) and molecular weights (151 and 531 g/mol): Acetaminophen, Bisphenol A, Caffeine, Colchicine, Fenarimol, Flutamide, Genistein, Ketoconazole, α-Methyltestosterone, Tamoxifen, Trenbolone and Warfarin. After RED and UF separation, three polar substances (Log Pow < 2) were largely unbound (fu > 70%), while more lipophilic substances were largely bound (fu < 33%). Compared to RED or UF, UC resulted in a generally higher fu of lipophilic substances. fu obtained after RED and UF were more consistent with published data. For half of the substances, UC resulted in fu higher than the reference data. UF, RED and both UF and UC, resulted in lower fu of Flutamide, Ketoconazole and Colchicine, respectively. For fu quantifications, the separation method should be selected according to the test substance's properties. Based on our data, RED is suitable for a broader range of substances while UC and UF are suitable for polar substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Dimitrijevic
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eric Fabian
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany; BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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3
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Loizou G, McNally K, Paini A, Hogg A. Derivation of a Human In Vivo Benchmark Dose for Bisphenol A from ToxCast In Vitro Concentration Response Data Using a Computational Workflow for Probabilistic Quantitative In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:754408. [PMID: 35222005 PMCID: PMC8874249 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational workflow which integrates physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling; global sensitivity analysis (GSA), Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and the Virtual Cell Based Assay (VCBA) for the estimation of the active, free in vitro concentration of chemical in the reaction medium was developed to facilitate quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE). The workflow was designed to estimate parameter and model uncertainty within a computationally efficient framework. The workflow was tested using a human PBK model for bisphenol A (BPA) and high throughput screening (HTS) in vitro concentration-response data, for estrogen and pregnane X receptor activation determined in human liver and kidney cell lines, from the ToxCast/Tox21 database. In vivo benchmark dose 10% lower confidence limits (BMDL10) for oral uptake of BPA (ng/kg BW/day) were calculated from the in vivo dose-responses and compared to the human equivalent dose (HED) BMDL10 for relative kidney weight change in the mouse derived by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Three from four in vivo BMDL10 values calculated in this study were similar to the EFSA values whereas the fourth was much smaller. The derivation of an uncertainty factor (UF) to accommodate the uncertainties associated with measurements using human cell lines in vitro, extrapolated to in vivo, could be useful for the derivation of Health Based Guidance Values (HBGV).
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Affiliation(s)
- George Loizou
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: George Loizou,
| | - Kevin McNally
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Alex Hogg
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, United Kingdom
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4
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Ariëns RM, Bastiaan-Net S, van de Berg-Somhorst DB, El Bachrioui K, Boudewijn A, van den Dool RT, de Jong GA, Wichers HJ, Mes JJ. Comparing nutritional and digestibility aspects of sustainable proteins using the INFOGEST digestion protocol. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yu L, Rios E, Castro L, Liu J, Yan Y, Dixon D. Genistein: Dual Role in Women's Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:3048. [PMID: 34578926 PMCID: PMC8472782 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced research in recent years has revealed the important role of nutrients in the protection of women's health and in the prevention of women's diseases. Genistein is a phytoestrogen that belongs to a class of compounds known as isoflavones, which structurally resemble endogenous estrogen. Genistein is most often consumed by humans via soybeans or soya products and is, as an auxiliary medicinal, used to treat women's diseases. In this review, we focused on analyzing the geographic distribution of soybean and soya product consumption, global serum concentrations of genistein, and its metabolism and bioactivity. We also explored genistein's dual effects in women's health through gathering, evaluating, and summarizing evidence from current in vivo and in vitro studies, clinical observations, and epidemiological surveys. The dose-dependent effects of genistein, especially when considering its metabolites and factors that vary by individuals, indicate that consumption of genistein may contribute to beneficial effects in women's health and disease prevention and treatment. However, consumption and exposure levels are nuanced because adverse effects have been observed at lower concentrations in in vitro models. Therefore, this points to the duplicity of genistein as a possible therapeutic agent in some instances and as an endocrine disruptor in others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch (MTB), Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (L.Y.); (E.R.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
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Cai XY, Zhang ZJ, Xiong JL, Yang M, Wang ZT. Experimental and molecular docking studies of estrogen-like and anti-osteoporosis activity of compounds in Fructus Psoraleae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114044. [PMID: 33775805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Psoraleae (FP), dry mature fruits of Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik., has been used clinically to treat kidney yang deficiency-induced impotence, asthma and cold pain in waist and knee caused by kidney deficiency. A study of the source of the significant kidney-enhancing effect of FP revealed that it may be due to its strong estrogen-like activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the estrogen-like activity of the FP extract and 13 bioactive compounds in it, as well as the mechanisms underlying their estrogen-like and anti-osteoporosis activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The estrogen-like activities of the 75% ethanol-only FP extract, and 75% ethanol plus petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol or water FP extracts were each measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and luciferase reporter gene assays. The compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The activation of estrogen receptor signaling by the compounds was compared with that by estradiol (E2) using the molecular docking software MOE-Dock 2008.10. The activation of the ER-Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated using an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, qPCR analysis and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that the 75% ethanol plus ethyl acetate extract showed the highest estrogen-like activity among the four 75% ethanol extract fractions (further extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol or water). Some compounds in FP showed strong estrogenic effect and anti-osteoporosis activity, and activated the Wnt-β-catenin pathway. The isoflavone compound was the most active. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FP has a strong estrogen-like activity and some of its component compounds have anti-osteoporosis activity by activating the ER-Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. Our detections provide a new insight into the mechanisms underlying the estrogen-like and anti-osteoporosis activities of FP, as well as a better understanding of structure effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yin Cai
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jing-Lin Xiong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Meng Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Imran M, Rauf A, Nadeem M, Gondal TA, Ahmad B, Atif M, Mubarak MS, Sytar O, Zhilina OM, Garsiya ER, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Pons DG, Martorell M, Cardoso SM, Razis AFA, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Rotariu LS, Butnariu M, Docea AO, Calina D. Genistein: An Integrative Overview of Its Mode of Action, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3268136. [PMID: 34336089 PMCID: PMC8315847 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3268136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone first isolated from the brooming plant Dyer's Genista tinctoria L. and is widely distributed in the Fabaceae family. As an isoflavone, mammalian genistein exerts estrogen-like functions. Several biological effects of genistein have been reported in preclinical studies, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, the effects of angiogenesis and estrogen, and the pharmacological activities on diabetes and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date evidence of preclinical pharmacological activities with mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and clinical evidence of genistein. The literature was researched using the most important keyword "genistein" from the PubMed, Science, and Google Scholar databases, and the taxonomy was validated using The Plant List. Data were also collected from specialized books and other online resources. The main positive effects of genistein refer to the protection against cardiovascular diseases and to the decrease of the incidence of some types of cancer, especially breast cancer. Although the mechanism of protection against cancer involves several aspects of genistein metabolism, the researchers attribute this effect to the similarity between the structure of soy genistein and that of estrogen. This structural similarity allows genistein to displace estrogen from cellular receptors, thus blocking their hormonal activity. The pharmacological activities resulting from the experimental studies of this review support the traditional uses of genistein, but in the future, further investigations are needed on the efficacy, safety, and use of nanotechnologies to increase bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-, 23561 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-, Pakistan
| | | | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-, 25120 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Oxana Mihailovna Zhilina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Pyatigorsk 357532, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Robertovna Garsiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Botany and Technology of Phytopreparations, Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Pyatigorsk 357532, Russia
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional (GMOT), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, PMB 7156 Dutse Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Lia Sanda Rotariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Jang HH, Noh H, Kim HW, Cho SY, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Lee SH, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P, Scalbert A, Freisling H, Kim JB, Choe JS, Kwon O. Metabolic tracking of isoflavones in soybean products and biosamples from healthy adults after fermented soybean consumption. Food Chem 2020; 330:127317. [PMID: 32569934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation may enhance the nutritional properties of foods by increasing metabolite bioactivity or bioavailability. This study explored the effect of fermentation on isoflavone bioavailability and metabolism. Isoflavone metabolites were tracked in foods and biospecimens of healthy adults after fermented soybean (FS) or non-fermented soybean (NFS) consumption in a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention study. The change in soybean isoflavones caused by fermentation resulted in faster absorption and higher bioavailability after consumption of FS. Although the urinary level of total isoflavone metabolites was similar after the consumption of the two diets, urinary genistein 7-O-sulfate was derived as a discriminant metabolite for the FS diet by partial least squares discriminant analysis. This study suggests that an isoflavone conjugate profile might be a more appropriate marker than total isoflavone levels for discriminating between the consumption of FS and NFS diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea; Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Cho
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hye Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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9
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Punt A, Firman J, Boobis A, Cronin M, Gosling JP, Wilks MF, Hepburn PA, Thiel A, Fussell KC. Potential of ToxCast Data in the Safety Assessment of Food Chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2020; 174:326-340. [PMID: 32040188 PMCID: PMC7098372 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tox21 and ToxCast are high-throughput in vitro screening programs coordinated by the U.S. National Toxicology Program and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, respectively, with the goal of forecasting biological effects in vivo based on bioactivity profiling. The present study investigated whether mechanistic insights in the biological targets of food-relevant chemicals can be obtained from ToxCast results when the chemicals are grouped according to structural similarity. Starting from the 556 direct additives that have been identified in the ToxCast database by Karmaus et al. [Karmaus, A. L., Trautman, T. D., Krishan, M., Filer, D. L., and Fix, L. A. (2017). Curation of food-relevant chemicals in ToxCast. Food Chem. Toxicol. 103, 174-182.], the results showed that, despite the limited number of assays in which the chemical groups have been tested, sufficient results are available within so-called "DNA binding" and "nuclear receptor" target families to profile the biological activities of the defined chemical groups for these targets. The most obvious activity identified was the estrogen receptor-mediated actions of the chemical group containing parabens and structurally related gallates, as well the chemical group containing genistein and daidzein (the latter 2 being particularly active toward estrogen receptor β as a potential health benefit). These group effects, as well as the biological activities of other chemical groups, were evaluated in a series of case studies. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that high-throughput screening data could add to the evidence considered for regulatory risk assessment of food chemicals and to the evaluation of desirable effects of nutrients and phytonutrients. The data will be particularly useful for providing mechanistic information and to fill data gaps with read-across.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ans Punt
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - James Firman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Alan Boobis
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | | | - Martin F Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Hepburn
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Anette Thiel
- DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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10
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Wang Q, Spenkelink B, Boonpawa R, Rietjens IMCM, Beekmann K. Use of Physiologically Based Kinetic Modeling to Predict Rat Gut Microbial Metabolism of the Isoflavone Daidzein to S-Equol and Its Consequences for ERα Activation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900912. [PMID: 32027771 PMCID: PMC7154660 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To predict gut microbial metabolism of xenobiotics and the resulting plasma concentrations of metabolites formed, an in vitro-in silico-based testing strategy is developed using the isoflavone daidzein and its gut microbial metabolite S-equol as model compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS Anaerobic rat fecal incubations are optimized and performed to derive the apparent maximum velocities (Vmax ) and Michaelis-Menten constants (Km ) for gut microbial conversion of daidzein to dihydrodaidzein, S-equol, and O-desmethylangolensin, which are input as parameters for a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model. The inclusion of gut microbiota in the PBK model allows prediction of S-equol concentrations and slightly reduced predicted maximal daidzein concentrations from 2.19 to 2.16 µm. The resulting predicted concentrations of daidzein and S-equol are comparable to in vivo concentrations reported. CONCLUSION The optimized in vitro approach to quantify kinetics for gut microbial conversions, and the newly developed PBK model for rats that includes gut microbial metabolism, provide a unique tool to predict the in vivo consequences of daidzein microbial metabolism for systemic exposure of the host to daidzein and its metabolite S-equol. The predictions reveal a dominant role for daidzein in ERα-mediated estrogenicity despite the higher estrogenic potency of its microbial metabolite S-equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Wang
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningen6708 WEThe Netherlands
| | - Bert Spenkelink
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningen6708 WEThe Netherlands
| | - Rungnapa Boonpawa
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro‐IndustryKasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province CampusSakon Nakhon47000Thailand
| | | | - Karsten Beekmann
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningen6708 WEThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Wageningen Food Safety ResearchP. O. Box 2306700 AEWageningenThe Netherlands
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Yu L, Li H, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Guo J, Li J, Yuan H, Li L, Carmichael P, Peng S. Integrating in vitro testing and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling for chemical liver toxicity assessment-A case study of troglitazone. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:103296. [PMID: 31783317 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) for next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) of chemicals requires computational modeling and faces unique challenges. Using mitochondria-related toxicity data of troglitazone (TGZ), a prototype drug known for liver toxicity, from HepaRG, HepG2, HC-04, and primary human hepatocytes, we explored inherent uncertainties in IVIVE, including cell models, cellular response endpoints, and dose metrics. A human population physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for TGZ was developed to predict in vivo doses from in vitro point-of-departure (POD) concentrations. Compared to the 200-800 mg/d dose range of TGZ where liver injury was observed clinically, the predicted POD doses for the mean and top one percentile of the PBPK population were 28-372 and 15-178 mg/d respectively based on Cmax dosimetry, and 185-2552 and 83-1010 mg/d respectively based on AUC. In conclusion, although with many uncertainties, integrating in vitro assays and PBPK modeling is promising in informing liver toxicity-inducing TGZ doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Academy of Military Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, People's Liberation Army, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Chi Zhang
- Academy of Military Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, People's Liberation Army, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jiabin Guo
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, People's Liberation Army, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, People's Liberation Army, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Lizhong Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, People's Liberation Army, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Paul Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, People's Liberation Army, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, PR China.
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Suparmi S, de Haan L, Spenkelink A, Louisse J, Beekmann K, Rietjens IMCM. Combining In Vitro Data and Physiologically Based Kinetic Modeling Facilitates Reverse Dosimetry to Define In Vivo Dose-Response Curves for Bixin- and Crocetin-Induced Activation of PPARγ in Humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900880. [PMID: 31846197 PMCID: PMC7003908 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It is investigated whether at realistic dietary intake bixin and crocetin could induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-mediated gene expression in humans using a combined in vitro-in silico approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Concentration-response curves obtained from in vitro PPARγ-reporter gene assays are converted to in vivo dose-response curves using physiologically based kinetic modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry, from which the benchmark dose levels resulting in a 50% effect above background level (BMD50 ) are predicted and subsequently compared to dietary exposure levels. Bixin and crocetin activated PPARγ-mediated gene transcription in a concentration-dependent manner with similar potencies. Due to differences in kinetics, the predicted BMD50 values for in vivo PPARγ activation are about 30-fold different, amounting to 115 and 3505 mg kg bw-1 for crocetin and bixin, respectively. Human dietary and/or supplemental estimated daily intakes may reach these BMD50 values for crocetin but not for bixin, pointing at better possibilities for in vivo PPARγ activation by crocetin. CONCLUSION Based on a combined in vitro-in silico approach, it is estimated whether at realistic dietary intakes plasma concentrations of bixin and crocetin are likely to reach concentrations that activate PPARγ-mediated gene expression, without the need for a human intervention study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparmi Suparmi
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Islam Sultan AgungJl. Raya Kaligawe KM 450112SemarangIndonesia
| | - Laura de Haan
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Albertus Spenkelink
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Wageningen Food Safety ResearchAkkermaalsbos 26708 WBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Wageningen Food Safety ResearchAkkermaalsbos 26708 WBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
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Prinsloo G, Nogemane N, Street R. The use of plants containing genotoxic carcinogens as foods and medicine. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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McNally K, Hogg A, Loizou G. A Computational Workflow for Probabilistic Quantitative in Vitro to in Vivo Extrapolation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:508. [PMID: 29867507 PMCID: PMC5968095 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational workflow was developed to facilitate the process of quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE), specifically the translation of in vitro concentration-response to in vivo dose-response relationships and subsequent derivation of a benchmark dose value (BMD). The workflow integrates physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling; global sensitivity analysis (GSA), Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. For a given set of in vitro concentration and response data the algorithm returns the posterior distribution of the corresponding in vivo, population-based dose-response values, for a given route of exposure. The novel aspect of the workflow is a rigorous statistical framework for accommodating uncertainty in both the parameters of the PBPK model (both parameter uncertainty and population variability) and in the structure of the PBPK model itself recognizing that the model is an approximation to reality. Both these sources of uncertainty propagate through the workflow and are quantified within the posterior distribution of in vivo dose for a fixed representative in vitro concentration. To demonstrate this process and for comparative purposes a similar exercise to previously published work describing the kinetics of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) and its embryotoxic metabolite methoxyacetic acid (MAA) in rats was undertaken. The computational algorithm can be used to extrapolate from in vitro data to any organism, including human. Ultimately, this process will be incorporated into a user-friendly, freely available modeling platform, currently under development, that will simplify the process of QIVIVE.
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15
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Boonpawa R, Spenkelink A, Punt A, Rietjens IMCM. In vitro-in silico-based analysis of the dose-dependent in vivo oestrogenicity of the soy phytoestrogen genistein in humans. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2739-2757. [PMID: 28585232 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The in vivo oestrogenicity of genistein and its glycoside genistin is still under debate. The present study aimed to develop a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model that provides insight in dose-dependent plasma concentrations of genistein aglycone and its metabolites and enables prediction of in vivo oestrogenic effective dose levels of genistein and genistin in humans. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A PBK model for genistein and genistin in humans was developed based on in vitro metabolic parameters. The model obtained was used to translate in vitro oestrogenic concentration-response curves of genistein to in vivo oestrogenic dose-response curves for intake of genistein and genistin. KEY RESULTS The model predicted that genistein-7-O-glucuronide was the major circulating metabolite and that levels of the free aglycone were generally low [0.5-17% of total plasma genistein at oral doses from 0.01 to 50 mg (kg·bw)-1 ]. The predicted in vivo benchmark dose for 5% response values for oestrogenicity varied between 0.06 and 4.39 mg kg-1 genistein. For genistin, these values were 1.3-fold higher. These values are in line with reported human data and show that oestrogenic responses can be expected at an Asian dietary and a supplementary intake, while intake resulting from a Western diet may not be effective. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present study shows how plasma concentrations of genistein and its metabolites and oestrogenic dose levels of genistein in humans can be predicted by combining in vitro oestrogenicity with PBK model-based reverse dosimetry, eliminating the need for human intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Boonpawa
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ans Punt
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Prinsloo G, Papadi G, Hiben MG, de Haan L, Louisse J, Beekmann K, Vervoort J, Rietjens IMCM. In vitro bioassays to evaluate beneficial and adverse health effects of botanicals: promises and pitfalls. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1187-1200. [PMID: 28533190 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an update on the promises and pitfalls when using in vitro bioassays to evaluate beneficial and adverse health effects of botanicals and botanical preparations. Important issues addressed in the paper are: (i) the type of assays and biological effects available; (ii) false-positives, false-negatives and confounding factors; (iii) matrix and combination effects; (iv) extrapolation of in vitro data to the in vivo situation; (v) when (not) to use bioassays; and (vi) identification of active constituents. It is concluded that in vitro bioassays provide models to detect beneficial as well as adverse activities, but that linking these observations to individual ingredients and extrapolations to the in vivo situation is more complicated than generally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Prinsloo
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private bag x 6, Florida, South Africa.
| | - Georgia Papadi
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biological Applications & Technology, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mebrahtom G Hiben
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Laura de Haan
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private bag x 6, Florida, South Africa; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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