1
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Li X, Lin Y, Lin S, Huang J, Ruan Z. Advancements in understanding cardiotoxicity of EGFR- TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer treatment and beyond. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1404692. [PMID: 39211774 PMCID: PMC11357958 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1404692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a class of oral targeted anticancer drugs that have been demonstrated to significantly inhibit tumor progression and improve clinical prognosis in patients diagnosed with EGFR-mutated tumors, particularly in those with non-small cell lung cancer. However, the sustained usage of EGFR-TKIs may cause potential cardiotoxicity, thus limiting their applicability. The primary objective of this review is to systematically analyze the evolving landscape of research pertaining to EGFR-TKI-induced cardiotoxicity and elucidate its underlying mechanisms, such as PI3K signaling pathway inhibition, ion channel blockade, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. Additionally, the review includes an exploration of risk assessment for cardiotoxicity induced by EGFR-TKIs, along with management and response strategies. Prospective research directions are outlined, emphasizing the need for more accurate predictors of cardiotoxicity and the development of innovative intervention strategies. In summation, this review consolidates recent research advances, illuminates the risks associated with EGFR-TKI-induced cardiac toxicity and presents crucial insights for refining clinical dosage protocols, optimizing patient management strategies, and unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing EGFR-TKI-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhongbao Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
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2
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Okolo CA, Khaing EP, Mereacre V, Wallace RS, Munro ML, Erickson JR, Jones PP. Direct regulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) by O-GlcNAcylation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:276. [PMID: 37833717 PMCID: PMC10576323 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-GlcNAcylation is the enzymatic addition of a sugar, O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine, to the serine and threonine residues of proteins, and is abundant in diabetic conditions. We have previously shown that O-GlcNAcylation can trigger arrhythmias by indirectly increasing pathological Ca2+ leak through the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). However, RyR2 is well known to be directly regulated by other forms of serine and threonine modification, therefore, this study aimed to determine whether RyR2 is directly modified by O-GlcNAcylation and if this also alters the function of RyR2 and Ca2+ leak. METHODS O-GlcNAcylation of RyR2 in diabetic human and animal hearts was determined using western blotting. O-GlcNAcylation of RyR2 was pharmacologically controlled and the propensity for Ca2+ leak was determined using single cell imaging. The site of O-GlcNAcylation within RyR2 was determined using site-directed mutagenesis of RyR2. RESULTS We found that RyR2 is modified by O-GlcNAcylation in human, animal and HEK293 cell models. Under hyperglycaemic conditions O-GlcNAcylation was associated with an increase in Ca2+ leak through RyR2 which persisted after CaMKII inhibition. Conversion of serine-2808 to alanine prevented an O-GlcNAcylation induced increase in Ca2+ leak. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the function of RyR2 can be directly regulated by O-GlcNAcylation and requires the presence of serine-2808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma A Okolo
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- Beamline B24, Life Sciences Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ei-Phyo Khaing
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Valeria Mereacre
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Rachel S Wallace
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Michelle L Munro
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey R Erickson
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Peter P Jones
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
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3
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GUO GG, LUO X, ZHU K, LI LL, OU YF. Fatal ventricular arrhythmias after osimertinib treatment for lung adenocarcinoma: a case report. J Geriatr Cardiol 2023; 20:242-246. [PMID: 37091262 PMCID: PMC10114192 DOI: 10.26599/1671-5411.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Gao GUO
- Cardiovascular Department, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xin LUO
- Cardiovascular Department, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ke ZHU
- Cardiovascular Department, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ling-Ling LI
- Cardiovascular Department, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yang-Fan OU
- Cardiovascular Department, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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4
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Depressed HCN4 function in the type 2 diabetic sinoatrial node. Mol Cell Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Zhang XY, Wu CB, Wu CX, Lin L, Zhou YJ, Zhu YY, Tian WQ, Luo SM. Case Report: Torsade de Pointes Induced by the Third-Generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Osimertinib Combined With Litsea Cubeba. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:903354. [PMID: 35711361 PMCID: PMC9193968 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.903354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Torsades de Pointes (TdP) occurred in a 68-year-old female with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant lung cancer administered osimertinib, the third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded at Tdp showed QT prolongation (QTc = 515 ms), to which a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) named “Litsea Cubeba” may have contributed. After discontinuation of osimertinib and Litsea Cubeba, magnesium supplementation, potassium supplementation, lidocaine infusion, and the pacemaker frequency adjustment, Tdp terminated. However, QT prolongation sustained at discharge (QTc = 528 ms), partly because of the emergency use of amiodarone. Osimertinib may prolong the QT interval leading to TdP, especially when multiple risk factors to lengthen QT interval are incidentally overlapped. Thus, regular monitoring of ECG and appropriate management of concomitant drugs are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Cha-bin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Longquan Hospital of TCM, Lishui, China
| | - Cai-xia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Qingyuan, Lishui, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yue-juan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yan-yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-yan Zhu,
| | - Wei-qiang Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Song-mei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
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6
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Regulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor function by the cyclic-GMP dependent protein kinase G. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:171-178. [PMID: 35356048 PMCID: PMC8958330 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) phosphorylates the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) in vitro. We aimed to determine whether modulation of endogenous PKG alters RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ release and whether this effect is linked to a change in RyR2 phosphorylation. Methods & Results: Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells with inducible RyR2 expression were treated with the cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP (100 μM) to activate endogenous PKG. In cells transfected with luminal Ca2+ sensor, D1ER, PKG activation significantly reduced the threshold for RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ release (93.9 ± 0.4% of store size with vehicle vs. 91.7 ± 0.8% with 8-Br-cGMP, P = 0.04). Mutation of the proposed PKG phosphorylation sites, S2808 and S2030, either individually or as a combination, prevented the decrease in Ca2+ release threshold induced by endogenous PKG activation. Interestingly, despite a functional dependence on expression of RyR2 phosphorylation sites, 8-Br-cGMP activation of PKG did not promote a detectable change in S2808 phosphorylation (P = 0.9). Paradoxically, pharmacological inhibition of PKG with KT 5823 (1 μM) also reduced the threshold for spontaneous Ca2+ release through RyR2 without affecting S2808 phosphorylation. Silencing RNA knockdown of endogenous PKG expression also had no quantifiable effect on RyR2 S2808 phosphorylation (P = 0.9). However, unlike PKG inhibition with KT 5823, PKG knockdown did not alter spontaneous Ca2+ release propensity or luminal Ca2+ handling. Conclusion In an intact cell model, activation of endogenous PKG reduces the threshold for RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ release in a manner dependent on the RyR2 phosphorylation sites S2808 and S2030. This study clarifies the regulation of RyR2 Ca2+ release by endogenous PKG and functionally implicates the role of RyR2 phosphorylation. PKG regulation of RyR2 has been under-researched relative to other kinases. Endogenous PKG activation reduced the threshold for spontaneous RyR2 Ca2+ release. Regulation of RyR2 by PKG required expression of serine residues 2808 and 2030. Knockdown of PKG found minimal basal regulation of RyR2 by PKG.
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7
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Pharmacogenomics of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: Cisplatin Treatment Worsened by a Ryanodine Receptor 2 Gene Mutation. CARDIOGENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cardiogenetics12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In thelast few decades, the roles of cardio-oncology and cardiovascular geneticsgained more and more attention in research and daily clinical practice, shaping a new clinical approach and management of patients affected by cancer and cardiovascular disease. Genetic characterization of patients undergoing cancer treatment can support a better cardiovascular risk stratification beyond the typical risk factors, suchas contractile function and QT interval duration, uncovering a possible patient’s concealed predisposition to heart failure, life threatening arrhythmias and sudden death. Specifically, an integrated cardiogenetic approach in daily oncological clinical practice can ensure the best patient-centered healthcare model, suggesting, also the adequate cardiac monitoring timing and alternative cancer treatments, reducing drug-related complications. We report the case of a 14-month-old girl affected by neuroblastoma, treated by cisplatin, complicated by cardiac arrest. We described the genetic characterization of a Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) gene mutation and subsequent pharmacogenomic approach to better shape the cancer treatment.
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8
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The function and regulation of calsequestrin-2: implications in calcium-mediated arrhythmias. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:329-352. [PMID: 35340602 PMCID: PMC8921388 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are life-threatening events in which the heart develops an irregular rhythm. Mishandling of Ca2+ within the myocytes of the heart has been widely demonstrated to be an underlying mechanism of arrhythmogenesis. This includes altered function of the ryanodine receptor (RyR2)-the primary Ca2+ release channel located to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The spontaneous leak of SR Ca2+ via RyR2 is a well-established contributor in the development of arrhythmic contractions. This leak is associated with increased channel activity in response to changes in SR Ca2+ load. RyR2 activity can be regulated through several avenues, including interactions with numerous accessory proteins. One such protein is calsequestrin-2 (CSQ2), which is the primary Ca2+-buffering protein within the SR. The capacity of CSQ2 to buffer Ca2+ is tightly associated with the ability of the protein to polymerise in response to changing Ca2+ levels. CSQ2 can itself be regulated through phosphorylation and glycosylation modifications, which impact protein polymerisation and trafficking. Changes in CSQ2 modifications are implicated in cardiac pathologies, while mutations in CSQ2 have been identified in arrhythmic patients. Here, we review the role of CSQ2 in arrhythmogenesis including evidence for the indirect and direct regulation of RyR2 by CSQ2, and the consequences of a loss of functional CSQ2 in Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+-mediated arrhythmias. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-021-00914-6.
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9
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Aitken-Buck HM, Krause J, van Hout I, Davis PJ, Bunton RW, Parry DJ, Williams MJA, Coffey S, Zeller T, Jones PP, Lamberts RR. Long-chain acylcarnitine 18:1 acutely increases human atrial myocardial contractility and arrhythmia susceptibility. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H162-H174. [PMID: 34085842 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00184.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) are known to directly alter cardiac contractility and electrophysiology. However, the acute effect of LCACs on human cardiac function is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of LCAC 18:1, which has been associated with cardiovascular disease, on the contractility and arrhythmia susceptibility of human atrial myocardium. Additionally, we aimed to assess how LCAC 18:1 alters Ca2+ influx and spontaneous Ca2+ release in vitro. Human right atrial trabeculae (n = 32) stimulated at 1 Hz were treated with LCAC 18:1 at a range of concentrations (1-25 µM) for a 45-min period. Exposure to the LCAC induced a dose-dependent positive inotropic effect on myocardial contractility (maximal 1.5-fold increase vs. control). At the 25 µM dose (n = 8), this was paralleled by an enhanced propensity for spontaneous contractions (50% increase). Furthermore, all LCAC 18:1 effects on myocardial function were reversed following LCAC 18:1 washout. In fluo-4-AM-loaded HEK293 cells, LCAC 18:1 dose dependently increased cytosolic Ca2+ influx relative to vehicle controls and the short-chain acylcarnitine C3. In HEK293 cells expressing ryanodine receptor (RyR2), this increased Ca2+ influx was linked to an increased propensity for RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ release events. Our study is the first to show that LCAC 18:1 directly and acutely alters human myocardial function and in vitro Ca2+ handling. The metabolite promotes proarrhythmic muscle contractions and increases contractility. The exploratory findings in vitro suggest that LCAC 18:1 increases proarrhythmic RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ release propensity. The direct effects of metabolites on human myocardial function are essential to understand cardiometabolic dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, the fatty acid metabolite, long-chain acylcarnitine 18:1, is shown to acutely increase the arrhythmia susceptibility and contractility of human atrial myocardium. In vitro, this was linked to an influx of Ca2+ and an enhanced propensity for spontaneous RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish M Aitken-Buck
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julia Krause
- University Heart and Vascular Centre, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle van Hout
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip J Davis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otago Medical School-Dunedin Campus, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard W Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otago Medical School-Dunedin Campus, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic J Parry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otago Medical School-Dunedin Campus, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J A Williams
- Department of Medicine, Heart Otago, Otago Medical School-Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Heart Otago, Otago Medical School-Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter P Jones
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Munro ML, van Hout I, Aitken-Buck HM, Sugunesegran R, Bhagwat K, Davis PJ, Lamberts RR, Coffey S, Soeller C, Jones PP. Human Atrial Fibrillation Is Not Associated With Remodeling of Ryanodine Receptor Clusters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:633704. [PMID: 33718369 PMCID: PMC7947344 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of Ca2+ by ryanodine receptor (RyR2) channels is critical for cardiac function. However, abnormal RyR2 activity has been linked to the development of arrhythmias, including increased spontaneous Ca2+ release in human atrial fibrillation (AF). Clustering properties of RyR2 have been suggested to alter the activity of the channel, with remodeling of RyR2 clusters identified in pre-clinical models of AF and heart failure. Whether such remodeling occurs in human cardiac disease remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the nanoscale organization of RyR2 clusters in AF patients – the first known study to examine this potential remodeling in diseased human cardiomyocytes. Right atrial appendage from cardiac surgery patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF, or without AF (non-AF) were examined using super-resolution (dSTORM) imaging. Significant atrial dilation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed in persistent AF patients compared to non-AF, with these two parameters significantly correlated. Interestingly, the clustering properties of RyR2 were remarkably unaltered in the AF patients. No significant differences were identified in cluster size (mean ∼18 RyR2 channels), density or channel packing within clusters between patient groups. The spatial organization of clusters throughout the cardiomyocyte was also unchanged across the groups. RyR2 clustering properties did not significantly correlate with patient characteristics. In this first study to examine nanoscale RyR2 organization in human cardiac disease, these findings indicate that RyR2 cluster remodeling is not an underlying mechanism contributing to altered channel function and subsequent arrhythmogenesis in human AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Munro
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle van Hout
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hamish M Aitken-Buck
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Krishna Bhagwat
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip J Davis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine and HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christian Soeller
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P Jones
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Connell P, Word TA, Wehrens XHT. Targeting pathological leak of ryanodine receptors: preclinical progress and the potential impact on treatments for cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:25-36. [PMID: 31869254 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1708326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Type-2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum initiate systolic Ca2+ transients within cardiomyocytes. Proper functioning of RyR2 is therefore crucial to the timing and force generated by cardiomyocytes within a healthy heart. Improper intracellular Ca2+ handing secondary to RyR2 dysfunction is associated with a variety of cardiac pathologies including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF). Thus, RyR2 and its associated accessory proteins provide promising drug targets to scientists developing therapeutics for a variety of cardiac pathologies.Areas covered: In this article, we review the role of RyR2 in a variety of cardiac pathologies. We performed a literature search utilizing PubMed and MEDLINE as well as reviewed registries of trials from clinicaltrials.gov from 2010 to 2019 for novel therapeutic approaches that address the cellular mechanisms underlying CPVT, AF, and HF by specifically targeting defective RyR2 channels.Expert opinion: The negative impact of cardiac dysfunction on human health and medical economics are major motivating factors for establishing new and effective therapeutic approaches. Focusing on directly impacting the molecular mechanisms underlying defective Ca2+ handling by RyR2 in HF and arrhythmia has great potential to be translated into novel and innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Connell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tarah A Word
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Medicine (Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Chakraborty AD, Gonano LA, Munro ML, Smith LJ, Thekkedam C, Staudacher V, Gamble AB, Macquaide N, Dulhunty AF, Jones PP. Activation of RyR2 by class I kinase inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:773-786. [PMID: 30588601 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Kinase inhibitors are a common treatment for cancer. Class I kinase inhibitors that target the ATP-binding pocket are particularly prevalent. Many of these compounds are cardiotoxic and can cause arrhythmias. Spontaneous release of Ca2+ via cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2), through a process termed store overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR), is a common mechanism underlying arrhythmia. We explored whether class I kinase inhibitors could modify the activity of RyR2 and trigger SOICR to determine if this contributes to the cardiotoxic nature of these compounds. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The impact of class I and II kinase inhibitors on SOICR was studied in HEK293 cells and ventricular myocytes using single-cell Ca2+ imaging. A specific effect on RyR2 was confirmed using single channel recordings. Ventricular myocytes were also used to determine if drug-induced changes in SOICR could be reversed using anti-SOICR agents. KEY RESULTS Class I kinase inhibitors increased the propensity of SOICR. Single channel recording showed that this was due to a specific effect on RyR2. Class II kinase inhibitors decreased the activity of RyR2 at the single channel level but had little effect on SOICR. The promotion of SOICR mediated by class I kinase inhibitors could be reversed using the anti-SOICR agent VK-II-86. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Part of the cardiotoxicity of class I kinase inhibitors can be assigned to their effect on RyR2 and increase in SOICR. Compounds with anti-SOICR activity may represent an improved treatment option for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L A Gonano
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M L Munro
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L J Smith
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C Thekkedam
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - V Staudacher
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - N Macquaide
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A F Dulhunty
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - P P Jones
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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