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Du XJ, She G, Wu W, Deng XL. Coupling of β-adrenergic and Hippo pathway signaling: Implications for heart failure pathophysiology and metabolic therapy. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101941. [PMID: 39122227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the sympatho-β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) system is the hallmark of heart disease with adverse consequences that facilitate the onset and progression of heart failure (HF). Use of β-blocking drugs has become the front-line therapy for HF. Last decade has witnessed progress in research demonstrating a pivotal role of Hippo pathway in cardiomyopathy and HF. Clinical studies have revealed myocardial Hippo pathway activation/YAP-TEAD1 inactivation in several types of human cardiomyopathy. Experimental activation of cardiac Hippo signaling or inhibition of YAP-TEAD1 have been shown to leads dilated cardiomyopathy with severe mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming. Studies have also convincingly shown that stimulation of βAR activates cardiac Hippo pathway with inactivation of the down-stream effector molecules YAP/TAZ. There is strong evidence for the adverse consequences of the βAR-Hippo signaling leading to HF. In addition to promoting cardiomyocyte death and fibrosis, recent progress is the demonstration of mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming mediated by βAR-Hippo pathway signaling. Activation of cardiac βAR-Hippo signaling is potent in downregulating a range of mitochondrial and metabolic genes, whereas expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors are upregulated. Coupling of βAR-Hippo pathway signaling is mediated by several kinases, mechanotransduction and/or Ca2+ signaling, and can be blocked by β-antagonists. Demonstration of the converge of βAR signaling and Hippo pathway bears implications for a better understanding on the role of enhanced sympathetic nervous activity, efficacy of β-antagonists, and metabolic therapy targeting this pathway in HF. In this review we summarize the progress and discuss future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia,.
| | - Gang She
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital and the Third Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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2
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Liu Z, Li S, Chen S, Sheng J, Li Z, Lv T, Yu W, Fan Y, Wang J, Liu W, Hu S, Jin J. YAP-mediated GPER signaling impedes proliferation and survival of prostate epithelium in benign prostatic hyperplasia. iScience 2024; 27:109125. [PMID: 38420594 PMCID: PMC10901089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs when there is an imbalance between the proliferation and death of prostate cells, which is regulated tightly by estrogen signaling. However, the role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in prostate cell survival remains ambiguous. In this study, we observed that prostates with epithelial hyperplasia showed increased yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) expression and decreased levels of estrogen and GPER. Blocking YAP through genetic or drug interventions led to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in the prostate epithelial cells. Interestingly, GPER agonists produced similar effects. GPER activation enhanced the phosphorylation and degradation of YAP, which was crucial for suppressing cell proliferation and survival. The Gαs/cAMP/PKA/LATS pathway, downstream of GPER, transmitted signals that facilitated YAP inhibition. This study investigated the interaction between GPER and YAP in the prostate epithelial cells and its contribution to BPH development. It lays the groundwork for future research on developing BPH treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Senmao Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Shengbin Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jindong Sheng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tianjing Lv
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Department of Urology, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
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3
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Seropian IM, Cassaglia P, Miksztowicz V, González GE. Unraveling the role of galectin-3 in cardiac pathology and physiology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1304735. [PMID: 38170009 PMCID: PMC10759241 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1304735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein with multiple functions. Gal-3 regulates cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis by orchestrating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. It is implicated in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, and its expression is increased in patients with heart failure. In atherosclerosis, Gal-3 promotes monocyte recruitment to the arterial wall boosting inflammation and atheroma. In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the expression of Gal-3 increases in infarcted and remote zones from the beginning of AMI, and plays a critical role in macrophage infiltration, differentiation to M1 phenotype, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis through collagen synthesis. Genetic deficiency of Gal-3 delays wound healing, impairs cardiac remodeling and function after AMI. On the contrary, Gal-3 deficiency shows opposite results with improved remodeling and function in other cardiomyopathies and in hypertension. Pharmacologic inhibition with non-selective inhibitors is also protective in cardiac disease. Finally, we recently showed that Gal-3 participates in normal aging. However, genetic absence of Gal-3 in aged mice exacerbates pathological hypertrophy and increases fibrosis, as opposed to reduced fibrosis shown in cardiac disease. Despite some gaps in understanding its precise mechanisms of action, Gal-3 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of cardiac aging. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of Gal-3 in the pathophysiology of heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocarditis, and ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, we describe the physiological role of Gal-3 in cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M. Seropian
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Hemodinamia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Cassaglia
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Salud Comunitaria, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E. González
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Salud Comunitaria, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Zaborska B, Sikora-Frąc M, Smarż K, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Budaj A, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13111. [PMID: 37685918 PMCID: PMC10488150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of HF, mainly due to its role in cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiac remodeling, HF, and atrial fibrillation development. This review aims to explore the involvement of Gal-3 in HF and its role in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic and prognostic significance. We report data on Gal-3 structure and molecular mechanisms of biological function crucial for HF development. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown an association between echocardiographic and CMR biomarkers in HF and Gal-3 serum concentration. We discuss facts and concerns about Gal-3's utility in acute and chronic HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Finally, we present attempts to use Gal-3 as a therapeutic target in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora-Frąc
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Smarż
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
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5
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Yin Y, Tan M, Han L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Pan W, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. The hippo kinases MST1/2 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: A promising therapeutic target option for pharmacotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1956-1975. [PMID: 37250161 PMCID: PMC10213817 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders are major components of noncommunicable diseases, causing an enormous health and economic burden worldwide. There are common risk factors and developmental mechanisms among them, indicating the far-reaching significance in exploring the corresponding therapeutic targets. MST1/2 kinases are well-established proapoptotic effectors that also bidirectionally regulate autophagic activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MST1/2 influence the outcome of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases by regulating immune inflammation. In addition, drug development against them is in full swing. In this review, we mainly describe the roles and mechanisms of MST1/2 in apoptosis and autophagy in cardiovascular and metabolic events as well as emphasis on the existing evidence for their involvement in immune inflammation. Moreover, we summarize the latest progress of pharmacotherapy targeting MST1/2 and propose a new mode of drug combination therapy, which may be beneficial to seek more effective strategies to prevent and treat CVDs and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lianhua Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wanqian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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6
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Miyamoto S. Hippo signaling pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction in Takotsubo syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H525-H527. [PMID: 36800511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00080.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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7
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Pu TT, Wu W, Liang PD, Du JC, Han SL, Deng XL, Du XJ. Evaluation of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Deficiency and Therapy in Mouse Models of Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:259-269. [PMID: 36668724 PMCID: PMC10079299 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure, but targeted therapeutic interventions remain elusive. Previous studies have shown coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) insufficiency in patients with heart disease with undefined mechanism and modest effectiveness of CoQ10 supplement therapy. Using 2 transgenic mouse models of cardiomyopathy owing to cardiac overexpression of Mst1 (Mst1-TG) or β 2 -adrenoceptor (β 2 AR-TG), we studied changes in cardiac CoQ10 content and alterations in CoQ10 biosynthesis genes. We also studied in Mst1-TG mice effects of CoQ10, delivered by oral or injection regimens, on both cardiac CoQ10 content and cardiomyopathy phenotypes. High performance liquid chromatography and RNA sequencing revealed in both models significant reduction in cardiac content of CoQ10 and downregulation of most genes encoding CoQ10 biosynthesis enzymes. Mst1-TG mice with 70% reduction in cardiac CoQ10 were treated with CoQ10 either by oral gavage or i.p. injection for 4-8 weeks. Oral regimens failed in increasing cardiac CoQ10 content, whereas injection regimen effectively restored the cardiac CoQ10 level in a time-dependent manner. However, CoQ10 restoration in Mst1-TG mice did not correct mitochondrial dysfunction measured by energy metabolism, downregulated expression of marker proteins, and oxidative stress nor to preserve cardiac contractile function. In conclusion, mouse models of cardiomyopathy exhibited myocardial CoQ10 deficiency likely due to suppressed endogenous synthesis of CoQ10. In contrast to ineffectiveness of oral administration, CoQ10 administration by injection regimen in cardiomyopathy mice restored cardiac CoQ10 content, which, however, failed in achieving detectable efficacy at molecular and global functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Pu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Pei-Da Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Chan Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Sheng-Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
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8
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She G, Du JC, Wu W, Pu TT, Zhang Y, Bai RY, Zhang Y, Pang ZD, Wang HF, Ren YJ, Sadoshima J, Deng XL, Du XJ. Hippo pathway activation mediates chemotherapy-induced anti-cancer effect and cardiomyopathy through causing mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Theranostics 2023; 13:560-577. [PMID: 36632235 PMCID: PMC9830444 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chemotherapy is a common clinical strategy for cancer treatment. However, the accompanied cardiomyopathy renders cancer patients under risk of another life-threatening condition. Whereas Hippo pathway is known to play key roles in both cancerogenesis and heart disease, it remains unclear whether Hippo pathway activation mediates chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results: In human breast cancer cells, doxorubicin (DOX) significantly induced upregulation of Hippo kinase Mst1, inhibitory phosphorylation of YAP, mitochondrial damage, reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. Hippo pathway inactivation by Mst1-siRNA transfection effectively improved cell survival and mitigated mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. Another anti-cancer drug YAP inhibitor verteporfin also induced lower cancer cell viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial injury. Chronic treatment with DOX in vivo (4 mg/kg/week for 6 weeks) caused mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, oxidative stress and cardiac fibrosis, while acute DOX treatment (16 mg/kg single bolus) also induced myocardial oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities. Chronic treatment with verteporfin (2 months) resulted in cardiomyopathy phenotypes comparable to that by chronic DOX regimen. In transgenic mice with cardiac overexpression of kinase-dead mutant Mst1 gene, these adverse cardiac effects of DOX were significantly attenuated relative to wild-type littermates. Conclusions: Anti-cancer action of both DOX and verteporfin is associated with Hippo pathway activation. Such action on cardiac Hippo pathway mediates mitochondrial damage and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang She
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Chan Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian-Tian Pu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ru-Yue Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng-Da Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710005, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Jie Ren
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710005, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,✉ Corresponding author: Xiao-Jun Du, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center. E-mail:
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9
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Hu G, Wu J, Gu H, Deng X, Xu W, Feng S, Wang S, Song Y, Pang Z, Deng X, Vendrov AE, Madamanchi NR, Runge MS, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Dong E. Galectin-3-centered paracrine network mediates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis upon β-adrenergic insult. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 66:1067-1078. [PMID: 36449214 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Rapid over-activation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) following acute stress initiates cardiac inflammation and injury by activating interleukin-18 (IL-18), however, the process of inflammation cascades has not been fully illustrated. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms of cardiac inflammatory amplification following acute sympathetic activation. With bioinformatics analysis, galectin-3 was identified as a potential key downstream effector of β-AR and IL-18 activation. The serum level of galectin-3 was positively correlated with norepinephrine or IL-18 in patients with chest pain. In the heart of mice treated with β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 5 mg kg-1), galectin-3 expression was upregulated markedly later than IL-18 activation, and Nlrp3-/- and Il18-/- mice did not show ISO-induced galectin-3 upregulation. It was further revealed that cardiomyocyte-derived IL-18 induced galectin-3 expression in macrophages following ISO treatment. Moreover, galectin-3 deficiency suppressed ISO-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis without blocking ISO-induced IL-18 increase. Treatment with a galectin-3 inhibitor, but not a β-blocker, one day after ISO treatment effectively attenuated cardiac inflammation and injury. In conclusion, galectin-3 is upregulated to exaggerate cardiac inflammation and injury following acute β-AR activation, a galectin-3 inhibitor effectively blocks cardiac injury one day after β-AR insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huijun Gu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100087, China
| | - Xiangning Deng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shan Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuaixing Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhengda Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiuling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Aleksandr E Vendrov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
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10
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Zhang M, Hu Y, Li H, Guo X, Zhong J, He S. miR-22-3p as a potential biomarker for coronary artery disease based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:936937. [PMID: 36105099 PMCID: PMC9464939 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.936937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular disease that has attracted attention worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have shown that abnormal microRNA (miRNA) expression is effective in CAD diagnoses and processes. However, the potential relationship between miRNAs and CAD remains unclear. Methods: Microarray datasets GSE105449 and GSE28858 were downloaded directly from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify miRNAs involved in CAD. Target gene prediction and enrichment analyses were performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results: There were nine differentially expressed miRNAs in CAD patients compared to the controls. A total of 352 genes were predicted and subjected to GO analysis, which showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly associated with axon guidance, neuron projection guidance, neuron-to-neuron synapses, and postsynaptic density. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, the most enriched pathways were those involved in transcriptional misregulation in cancer, growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action, endocrine resistance, axon guidance, and Cushing syndrome. Pathway analysis was mainly involved in the HIPPO and prion disease signaling pathways. Furthermore, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) interaction network centered on miR-22-3p revealed eight related transcription factors in the cardiovascular system. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that miR-22-3p may be a better CAD predictor. Conclusion: The results indicate that miR-22-3p may function in pathophysiological CAD processes. Our study potentiates miR-22-3p as a specific biomarker for diagnosing CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Minghua Zhang,
| | - Yan Hu
- Nursing Department, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoda Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha He
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Owen A, Patel JM, Parekh D, Bangash MN. Mechanisms of Post-critical Illness Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854421. [PMID: 35911546 PMCID: PMC9334745 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged critical care stays commonly follow trauma, severe burn injury, sepsis, ARDS, and complications of major surgery. Although patients leave critical care following homeostatic recovery, significant additional diseases affect these patients during and beyond the convalescent phase. New cardiovascular and renal disease is commonly seen and roughly one third of all deaths in the year following discharge from critical care may come from this cluster of diseases. During prolonged critical care stays, the immunometabolic, inflammatory and neurohumoral response to severe illness in conjunction with resuscitative treatments primes the immune system and parenchymal tissues to develop a long-lived pro-inflammatory and immunosenescent state. This state is perpetuated by persistent Toll-like receptor signaling, free radical mediated isolevuglandin protein adduct formation and presentation by antigen presenting cells, abnormal circulating HDL and LDL isoforms, redox and metabolite mediated epigenetic reprogramming of the innate immune arm (trained immunity), and the development of immunosenescence through T-cell exhaustion/anergy through epigenetic modification of the T-cell genome. Under this state, tissue remodeling in the vascular, cardiac, and renal parenchymal beds occurs through the activation of pro-fibrotic cellular signaling pathways, causing vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and proteinuria and accelerated chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jaimin M. Patel
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mansoor N. Bangash
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mansoor N. Bangash
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12
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Mitić B, Jovanović A, Nikolić VN, Stokanović D, Andrejić OM, Vučić RM, Pavlović M, Ignjatović A, Momčilović S. Trend of Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Non-ST-Elevation and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020286. [PMID: 35208606 PMCID: PMC8874376 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Given the fact that galectin-3 has a predictive significance on the development of myocardial dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction, the aim of our study was to examine potential factors that could be important for the dynamics of the concentration of this biomarker in the early postinfarction period. Materials and Methods: This study included 89 patients with a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris (SAP) or the first non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) or ST-elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study group included 23 patients with the first NSTEMI and 42 patients with STEMI, while the control group consisted of 24 patients with SAP hospitalized for elective PCI without a previous MI. All patients had preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Galectin-3 levels were determined on days 1, 5, and 30 after PCI. The significance of various independent variables as predictors of galectin-3 concentration was analyzed after a series of univariate linear regression modeling in a multivariate linear regression model. Results: The average patients’ age was 63.99 ± 9.13 years. Statistically significantly higher values of C-reactive protein were established in STEMI compared to SAP (p < 0.01) or NSTEMI (p < 0.001), whereas WBC count was significantly lower in SAP than in STEMI (p < 0.001) and NSTEMI (p < 0.01) group. Although there were no statistically significant differences in measured galectin-3 concentrations between the examined groups on days 1, 5, and 30 after PCI, HTA, triglyceride level, LA size, treatment with trimetazidine and long-acting nitrates, as well as percentage of LM stenosis and E/A ratio were identified as independent predictors of galectin-3 concentration. Conclusions: In the post-MI period, very early values of galectin-3 correlate mostly with atherosclerosis factors, while on day 30 this biomarker correlates with diastolic dysfunction and “announces” left ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Mitić
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (B.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Andriana Jovanović
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (B.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Valentina N. Nikolić
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (V.N.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Dragana Stokanović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (V.N.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Olivera M. Andrejić
- Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Rada M. Vučić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Street 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Milan Pavlović
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatović
- Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Stefan Momčilović
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjica 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-605-263-654
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13
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Lu Q, Zhang RC, Chen SP, Li T, Wang Y, Xue YB, Liu J, Han X, Su YD, Bai L, Du XJ, Ma AQ. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Plasma Galectin 3 in HFrEF Related to the Etiology of Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:748875. [PMID: 35004876 PMCID: PMC8727364 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.748875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of present study is to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma galectin 3 (Gal-3) for HF originating from different causes. Methods: We investigated the plasma levels and expression of Gal-3 in cardiac tissues in two transgenic (TG) strains of mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of either β2- adrenergic receptor (β2- AR TG) or Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1-TG) in the present study. Additionally, 166 patients suffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in two hospitals within the Shaanxi province were examined in this study. All these patients were treated according to the Chinese HF guidelines of 2014; subsequently, they were followed up for 50 months, and we analyzed the prediction value of baseline Gal-3 to endpoints in these patients. Results: Gal-3 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cardiomyocytes, often formed aggregates in Mst1-TG mice. Extracellular Gal-3 staining was uncommon in Mst1-TG hearts. However, in β2-AR TG mice, although Gal-3 was also expressed in myocardial cells, it was more highly expressed in interstitial cells (e.g., fibroblasts and macrophages). Plasma Gal-3 was comparable between nTG and Mst1-TG mice. However, plasma Gal-3 was higher in β2-AR TG mice than in nTG mice. In the cohort of HFrEF patients, the median plasma Gal-3 concentration was 158.42 pg/mL. All participants were divided into two groups according to Gal-3 levels. Patients with Gal-3 concentrations above the median were older, and had lower plasma hemoglobin, but higher plasma creatinine, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-systolic volumes (LVESV) and end-diastolic, as well as left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Gal-3 was positively correlated with TIMP-1 (r = 0.396, P < 0.001), LVESV (r = 0.181, P = 0.020) and LVEDV (r = 0.190, P = 0.015). The 50-month clinical follow-up revealed 43 deaths, 97 unplanned re-hospitalizations, and 111 composite endpoint events. Cox analysis demonstrated that although Gal-3 did not provide any prognostic value in either total-HF subjects or coronary-heart-disease (CHD) patients, it did provide prognostic value in non-CHD patients. Conclusion: Although plasma Gal-3 is associated with TIMP-1 and echocardiographic parameters, the diagnostic and prognostic value of Gal-3 in HFrEF is determined by the etiology of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Ping Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Bo Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Dan Su
- Experimental Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ling Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-Qun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Du Y, Demillard LJ, Ren J. Catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity: A critical element in the pathophysiology of stroke-induced heart injury. Life Sci 2021; 287:120106. [PMID: 34756930 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage provoke cardiac complications such as heart failure, neurogenic stress-related cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. With regards to the pathophysiology of stroke-induced heart injury, several mechanisms have been postulated to contribute to this complex interaction between brain and heart, including damage from gut dysbiosis, immune and systematic inflammatory responses, microvesicle- and microRNA-mediated vascular injury and damage from a surge of catecholamines. All these cerebrovascular diseases may trigger pronounced catecholamine surges through diverse ways, including stimulation of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, dysregulation of autonomic system, and secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Primary catecholamines involved in this pathophysiological response include norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine. Both are important neurotransmitters that connect the nervous system with the heart, leading to cardiac damage via myocardial ischemia, calcium (Ca2+) overload, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we will aim to summarize the molecular mechanisms behind catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity including Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation. In addition, we will focus on how synchronization among these pathways evokes cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laurie J Demillard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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15
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Du X. Sympatho-adrenergic mechanisms in heart failure: new insights into pathophysiology. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:47-77. [PMID: 37724075 PMCID: PMC10388789 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is activated in the setting of heart failure (HF) to compensate for hemodynamic instability. However, acute sympathetic surge or sustained high neuronal firing rates activates β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling contributing to myocardial remodeling, dysfunction and electrical instability. Thus, sympatho-βAR activation is regarded as a hallmark of HF and forms pathophysiological basis for β-blocking therapy. Building upon earlier research findings, studies conducted in the recent decades have significantly advanced our understanding on the sympatho-adrenergic mechanism in HF, which forms the focus of this article. This review notes recent research progress regarding the roles of cardiac β2AR or α1AR in the failing heart, significance of β1AR-autoantibodies, and βAR signaling through G-protein independent signaling pathways. Sympatho-βAR regulation of immune cells or fibroblasts is specifically discussed. On the neuronal aspects, knowledge is assembled on the remodeling of sympathetic nerves of the failing heart, regulation by presynaptic α2AR of NE release, and findings on device-based neuromodulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The review ends with highlighting areas where significant knowledge gaps exist but hold promise for new breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Du
- Faculty of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi’an710061, Shaanxi, China
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
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16
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Wu W, Ziemann M, Huynh K, She G, Pang ZD, Zhang Y, Duong T, Kiriazis H, Pu TT, Bai RY, Li JJ, Zhang Y, Chen MX, Sadoshima J, Deng XL, Meikle PJ, Du XJ. Activation of Hippo signaling pathway mediates mitochondria dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy in mice. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8993-9008. [PMID: 34522223 PMCID: PMC8419046 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mitochondrial dysfunction facilitates heart failure development forming a therapeutic target, but the mechanism involved remains unclear. We studied whether the Hippo signaling pathway mediates mitochondrial abnormalities that results in onset of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: Mice with DCM due to overexpression of Hippo pathway kinase Mst1 were studied. DCM phenotype was evident in adult animals but contractile dysfunction was identified as an early sign of DCM at 3 weeks postnatal. Electron microscopy, multi-omics and biochemical assays were employed. Results: In 3-week and adult DCM mouse hearts, cardiomyocyte mitochondria exhibited overt structural abnormalities, smaller size and greater number. RNA sequencing revealed comprehensive suppression of nuclear-DNA (nDNA) encoded gene-sets involved in mitochondria turnover and all aspects of metabolism. Changes in cardiotranscriptome were confirmed by lower protein levels of multiple mitochondrial proteins in DCM heart of both ages. Mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes were also downregulated; due apparently to repression of nDNA-encoded transcriptional factors. Lipidomics identified remodeling in cardiolipin acyl-chains, increased acylcarnitine content but lower coenzyme Q10 level. Mitochondrial dysfunction was featured by lower ATP content and elevated levels of lactate, branched-chain amino acids and reactive oxidative species. Mechanistically, inhibitory YAP-phosphorylation was enhanced, which was associated with attenuated binding of transcription factor TEAD1. Numerous suppressed mitochondrial genes were identified as YAP-targets. Conclusion: Hippo signaling activation mediates mitochondrial damage by repressing mitochondrial genes, which causally promotes the development of DCM. The Hippo pathway therefore represents a therapeutic target against mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyopathy.
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17
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Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Estrogen in Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168957. [PMID: 34445662 PMCID: PMC8396463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an intense inflammatory response that is critical for cardiac repair but is also involved in the pathogenesis of adverse cardiac remodeling, i.e., the set of size, geometry, and structure changes that represent the structural substrate for the development of post-MI heart failure. Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac repair after MI is, therefore, critical to favorably regulate cardiac wound repair and to prevent development of heart failure. Catecholamines and estrogen play an active role in regulating the inflammatory response in the infarcted area. For example, stress-induced catecholamines alter recruitment and trafficking of leukocytes to the heart. Additionally, estrogen affects rate of cardiac rupture during the acute phase of MI, as well as infarct size and survival in animal models of MI. In this review, we will summarize the role of β-adrenergic receptors and estrogen in cardiac repair after infarction in preclinical studies.
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18
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Wang H, Song X, Liao H, Wang P, Zhang Y, Che L, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Cigliano A, Ament C, Superville D, Ribback S, Reeves M, Pes GM, Liang B, Wu H, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Zeng Y, Chen X. Overexpression of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 7 Activates the Yes-Associated Protein/NOTCH Cascade and Promotes Liver Carcinogenesis in Mice and Humans. Hepatology 2021; 74:248-263. [PMID: 33368437 PMCID: PMC8222417 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 7 is an antagonist of TGF-β signaling. In the present investigation, we sought to determine the relevance of SMAD7 in liver carcinogenesis using in vitro and in vivo approaches. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that SMAD7 is up-regulated in a subset of human HCC samples with poor prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that SMAD7 expression correlates with activated yes-associated protein (YAP)/NOTCH pathway and cholangiocellular signature genes in HCCs. These findings were substantiated in human HCC cell lines. In vivo, overexpression of Smad7 alone was unable to initiate HCC development, but it significantly accelerated c-Myc/myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1)-induced mouse HCC formation. Consistent with human HCC data, c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7 liver tumors exhibited an increased cholangiocellular gene expression along with Yap/Notch activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Intriguingly, blocking of the Notch signaling did not affect c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7-induced hepatocarcinogenesis while preventing cholangiocellular signature expression and EMT, whereas ablation of Yap abolished c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7-driven HCC formation. In mice overexpressing a myristoylated/activated form of AKT, coexpression of SMAD7 accelerated carcinogenesis and switched the phenotype from HCC to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) lesions. In human iCCA, SMAD7 expression was robustly up-regulated, especially in the most aggressive tumors, and directly correlated with the levels of YAP/NOTCH targets as well as cholangiocellular and EMT markers. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that SMAD7 contributes to liver carcinogenesis by activating the YAP/NOTCH signaling cascade and inducing a cholangiocellular and EMT signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Wang
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haotian Liao
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cindy Ament
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daphne Superville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melissa Reeves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni M. Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Binyong Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yong Zeng
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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19
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Impact of Aldosterone on the Failing Myocardium: Insights from Mitochondria and Adrenergic Receptors Signaling and Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061552. [PMID: 34205363 PMCID: PMC8235589 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone regulates electrolyte and blood volume homeostasis, but it also adversely modulates the structure and function of the chronically failing heart, through its elevated production in chronic human post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). By activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor, aldosterone promotes inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, while increasing oxidative stress, ultimately induding mitochondrial dysfunction in the failing myocardium. To reduce morbidity and mortality in advanced stage HF, MR antagonist drugs, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, are used. In addition to the MR, aldosterone can bind and stimulate other receptors, such as the plasma membrane-residing G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), further complicating it signaling properties in the myocardium. Given the salient role that adrenergic receptor (ARs)—particularly βARs—play in cardiac physiology and pathology, unsurprisingly, that part of the impact of aldosterone on the failing heart is mediated by its effects on the signaling and function of these receptors. Aldosterone can significantly precipitate the well-documented derangement of cardiac AR signaling and impairment of AR function, critically underlying chronic human HF. One of the main consequences of HF in mammalian models at the cellular level is the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. As such, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction could be a valid pharmacological target in this condition. This review summarizes the current experimental evidence for this aldosterone/AR crosstalk in both the healthy and failing heart, and the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in HF. Recent findings from signaling studies focusing on MR and AR crosstalk via non-conventional signaling of molecules that normally terminate the signaling of ARs in the heart, i.e., the G protein-coupled receptor-kinases (GRKs), are also highlighted.
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20
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Jin X, Zhu L, Xiao S, Cui Z, Tang J, Yu J, Xie M. MST1 inhibits the progression of breast cancer by regulating the Hippo signaling pathway and may serve as a prognostic biomarker. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:383. [PMID: 33760220 PMCID: PMC7986037 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy threatening the health of women worldwide, and the incidence rate has significantly increased in the last 10 years. Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1 (MST1) is involved in the development of various types of malignant tumor. The present study aimed to investigate the role of MST1 in BCa and its potential involvement in the poor prognosis of patients with BCa. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression levels of MST1 in BCa, and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with BCa were further analyzed by statistical analysis. MST1 was overexpressed in BCa cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3). Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and flow cytometry assays were used to analyze cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, and a wound healing assay was used to analyze cell migration. The results of the present study revealed that the downregulated expression levels of MST1 in BCa were closely associated with the poor prognosis of patients, and MST1 may be an independent risk factor for BCa. The overexpression of MST1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration, and promoted the apoptosis of BCa cells. In addition, the overexpression of MST1 significantly activated the Hippo signaling pathway. Treatment with XMU-MP-1 downregulated the expression levels of MST1 and partially reversed the inhibitory effects of MST1 on proliferation, migration and apoptosis-related proteins, and inhibited the Hippo signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that MST1 expression levels may be downregulated in BCa and closely associated with tumor size and clinical stage, as well as the poor prognosis of affected patients. Furthermore, MST1 may inhibit the progression of BCa by targeting the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuhong Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
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21
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Wang P, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen J, Cao Y, Liu C, Wu Z, Shen J, Lu J, Liu P. Isorhapontigenin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via increasing YAP1 expression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:680-693. [PMID: 33777675 PMCID: PMC7982427 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an effective anticancer drug, the clinical limitation of doxorubicin (Dox) is the time- and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) interacts with transcription factor TEA domain 1 (TEAD1) and plays an important role in cell proliferation and survival. However, the role of YAP1 in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy has not been reported. In this study, the expression of YAP1 was reduced in clinical human failing hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy and Dox-induced in vivo and in vitro cardiotoxic model. Ectopic expression of Yap1 significantly blocked Dox-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis in TEAD1 dependent manner. Isorhapontigenin (Isor) is a new derivative of stilbene and responsible for a wide range of biological processes. Here, we found that Isor effectively relieved Dox-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Administration with Isor (30 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, 3 weeks) significantly protected against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Interestingly, Isor increased Dox-caused repression in YAP1 and the expression of its target genes in vivo and in vitro. Knockout or inhibition of Yap1 blocked the protective effects of Isor on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, YAP1 may be a novel target for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and Isor might be a new compound to fight against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by increasing YAP1 expression.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- AP-1, anti-microbial protein
- AREG, amphiregulin
- AUC/Dose, dose-normalized plasma exposures
- Amphiregulin
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- CO, cardiac output
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- Cardiomyocytes apoptosis
- Cardiotoxicity
- Cmax/Dose, dose-normalized maximal plasma concentrations
- Connective tissue growth factor
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- Dob, dobutamine
- Dox, doxorubicin
- Doxorubicin
- EMT, epithelial mesenchymal transformation
- FOXO1, forkhead box class O1
- FS, fractional shortening
- HE, hematoxylin–eosin
- ISO, isoproterenol
- Isor, isorhapontigenin
- Isorhapontigenin
- LVAW;d, left ventricular end-diastolic anterior wall thickness
- LVAW;s, left ventricular end-systolic anterior wall thickness
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- LVID;d, left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter
- LVID;s, left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter
- LVPW;d, left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness
- LVPW;s, left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NRCMs, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
- P2Y12 receptor, ADP receptor
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SESN2, sestrin2
- TCF4, T-cell factor 4
- TEAD, TEA domain transcription factor proteins
- TEAD1
- TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- YAP1
- YAP1, Yes-associated protein 1
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- sgRNAs, sequence guiding RNAs
- Δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Panxia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehuai Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianxing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
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22
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Chen X, Li Y, Luo J, Hou N. Molecular Mechanism of Hippo-YAP1/TAZ Pathway in Heart Development, Disease, and Regeneration. Front Physiol 2020; 11:389. [PMID: 32390875 PMCID: PMC7191303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway is a highly conserved central mechanism that controls organ size through the regulation of cell proliferation and other physical attributes of cells. The transcriptional factors Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) act as downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, and their subcellular location and transcriptional activities are affected by multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs). Studies have conclusively demonstrated a pivotal role of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway in cardiac development, disease, and regeneration. Targeted therapeutics for the YAP1/TAZ could be an effective treatment option for cardiac regeneration and disease. This review article provides an overview of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway and the increasing impact of PTMs in fine-tuning YAP1/TAZ activation; in addition, we discuss the potential contributions of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway in cardiac development, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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She G, Hou MC, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang HF, Lai BC, Zhao WB, Du XJ, Deng XL. Gal-3 (Galectin-3) and K Ca3.1 Mediate Heterogeneous Cell Coupling and Myocardial Fibrogenesis Driven by βAR (β-Adrenoceptor) Activation. Hypertension 2019; 75:393-404. [PMID: 31838908 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is associated with sympatho-βAR (β-adrenoceptor) activation and cardiac fibrosis. Gal-3 (galectin-3) and KCa3.1 channels that are upregulated in diverse cells of diseased heart are implicated in mediating myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. It remains unclear whether Gal-3 interacts with KCa3.1 leading to cardiac fibrosis in the setting of βAR activation. We tested the effect of KCa3.1 blocker TRAM-34 on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in cardiac-restricted β2-TG (β2AR overexpressed transgenic) mice and determined KCa3.1 expression in β2-TG×Gal-3-/- mouse hearts. Mechanisms of KCa3.1 in mediating Gal-3 induced fibroblast activation were studied ex vivo. Expression of Gal-3 and KCa3.1 was elevated in β2-TG hearts. Gal-3 gene deletion in β2-TG mice decreased KCa3.1 expression in inflammatory cells but not in fibroblasts. Treatment of β2-TG mice with TRAM-34 for 1 or 2 months significantly ameliorated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and reduced Gal-3 level. In cultured fibroblasts, Gal-3 upregulated KCa3.1 expression and channel currents with enhanced membrane potential and Ca2+ entry through TRPV4 (transient receptor potential V4) and TRPC6 (transient receptor potential C6) channels leading to fibroblast activation. In conclusion, βAR stimulation promotes Gal-3 production that upregulates KCa3.1 channels in noncardiomyocyte cells and activates KCa3.1 channels in fibroblasts leading to hyperpolarization of membrane potential and Ca2+ entry via TRP channels. Gal-3-KCa3.1 signaling mobilizes diverse cells facilitating regional inflammation and fibroblast activation and hence myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang She
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (G.S., M.-C.H., Yu Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.W., X.-J.D., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Chen Hou
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (G.S., M.-C.H., Yu Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.W., X.-J.D., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pathology, Xi'an Guangren Hospital (M.-C.H., H.-F.W.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (G.S., M.-C.H., Yu Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.W., X.-J.D., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (G.S., M.-C.H., Yu Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.W., X.-J.D., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (G.S., M.-C.H., Yu Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.W., X.-J.D., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Guangren Hospital (M.-C.H., H.-F.W.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao-Chang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences (B.-C.L., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Bo Zhao
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (W.-B.Z., X.-J.D.)
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (G.S., M.-C.H., Yu Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.W., X.-J.D., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (G.S., M.-C.H., Yu Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.W., X.-J.D., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences (B.-C.L., X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education (X.-L.D.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (W.-B.Z., X.-J.D.)
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24
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Du X, Zhao W, Nguyen M, Lu Q, Kiriazis H. β-Adrenoceptor activation affects galectin-3 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in heart disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2449-2464. [PMID: 30756388 PMCID: PMC6592856 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a key histopathological component that drives the progression of heart disease leading to heart failure and constitutes a therapeutic target. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have implicated galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a pro-fibrotic molecule and a biomarker of heart disease and fibrosis. However, our knowledge is poor on the mechanism(s) that determine the blood level or regulate cardiac expression of Gal-3. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhanced β-adrenoceptor activity is a determinant of both circulating concentration and cardiac expression of Gal-3. Pharmacological or transgenic activation of β-adrenoceptors leads to increased blood levels of Gal-3 and up-regulated cardiac Gal-3 expression, effect that can be reversed with the use of β-adrenoceptor antagonists. Conversely, Gal-3 gene deletion confers protection against isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxicity and fibrogenesis. At the transcription level, β-adrenoceptor stimulation activates cardiac mammalian sterile-20-like kinase 1, a pivotal kinase of the Hippo signalling pathway, which is associated with Gal-3 up-regulation. Recent studies have suggested a role for the β-adrenoceptor-Hippo signalling pathway in the regulation of cardiac Gal-3 expression thereby contributing to the onset and progression of heart disease. This implies a therapeutic potential of the suppression of Gal-3 expression. In this review, we discuss the effects of β-adrenoceptor activity on Gal-3 as a biomarker and causative mediator in the setting of heart disease and point out pivotal knowledge gaps. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Wei‐Bo Zhao
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - My‐Nhan Nguyen
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Qun Lu
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First HospitalXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
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25
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Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Michel
- Department of PharmacologyJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Richard A. Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Roger J. Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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26
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Zhao WB, Lu Q, Nguyen MN, Su Y, Ziemann M, Wang LN, Kiriazis H, Puthalakath H, Sadoshima J, Hu HY, Du XJ. Stimulation of β-adrenoceptors up-regulates cardiac expression of galectin-3 and BIM through the Hippo signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2465-2481. [PMID: 30932177 PMCID: PMC6592853 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Expression of the pro‐fibrotic galectin‐3 and the pro‐apoptotic BIM is elevated in diseased heart or after β‐adrenoceptor stimulation, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This question was addressed in the present study. Experimental Approach Wild‐type mice and mice with cardiac transgenic expression of β2‐adrenoceptors, mammalian sterile‐20 like kinase 1 (Mst1) or dominant‐negative Mst1, and non‐specific galectin‐3 knockout mice were used. Effects of the β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline or β‐adrenoceptor antagonists were studied. Rat cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) were used for mechanistic exploration. Biochemical assays were performed. Key Results Isoprenaline treatment up‐regulated expression of galectin‐3 and BIM, and this was inhibited by non‐selective or selective β‐adrenoceptor antagonists (by 60–70%). Cardiac expression of galectin‐3 and BIM was increased in β2‐adrenoceptor transgenic mice. Isoprenaline‐induced up‐regulation of galectin‐3 and BIM was attenuated by Mst1 inactivation, but isoprenaline‐induced galectin‐3 expression was exaggerated by transgenic Mst1 activation. Pharmacological or genetic activation of β‐adrenoceptors induced Mst1 expression and yes‐associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation. YAP hyper‐phosphorylation was also evident in Mst1 transgenic hearts with up‐regulated expression of galectin‐3 (40‐fold) and BIM as well as up‐regulation of many YAP‐target genes by RNA sequencing. In H9c2 cells, isoprenaline induced YAP phosphorylation and expression of galectin‐3 and BIM, effects simulated by forskolin but abolished by PKA inhibitors, and YAP knockdown induced expression of galectin‐3 and BIM. Conclusions and Implications Stimulation of cardiac β‐adrenoceptors activated the Mst1/Hippo pathway leading to YAP hyper‐phosphorylation with enhanced expression of galectin‐3 and BIM. This signalling pathway would have therapeutic potential. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qun Lu
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yidan Su
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hou-Yuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Du XJ, Kiriazis H, Nguyen MN, Ziemann M, Zhao WB. Reply to "Letter to the Editor: Not all modified citrus pectins are the same: size does matter". Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1234-H1235. [PMID: 31070460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00197.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Wei-Bo Zhao
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
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