1
|
Zheng W, Wang X, Che R, Li D, Zeng X, Kong F, Shao L, Li X, Xu F. 3D cellulose scaffold with gradient pore structure controlled by hydrogen bond competition: Super-strength and multifunctional oil/water separation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 344:122544. [PMID: 39218560 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose-based aerogels offer exceptional promise for oily wastewater treatment, but the challenge of low mechanical strength and limited application functions persists. Inspired by the graded porous structures in the animal skeleton and bamboo stem, we firstly report here a stepwise solvent diffusion-induced phase separation approach for constructing the gradient pore-density three-dimensional (3D) cellulose scaffold (GPDS). Benefiting from the regulation of competitive hydrogen bonding between the anti-solvents and the ionic liquid (IL) in cellulose solution, GPDS exhibits the decreased major channels size and increased minor pores amount gradually along the solvent diffusion direction. These endow GPDS with the characteristics of low density (0.019 g/cm) and super strength (high up to 870 KPa). The application of GPDS in the field of oil-water separation has achieved remarkable results, including oil/organic solvent absorption (13-25 g/gGPDS), immiscible oil-water mixture separation (high efficiency up to 99.8 %, flux > 2000 L/m2·h), and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion (efficiency up to 97.7 %). Moreover, a simple hydrophobic treatment further realizes the efficient separation of water-in-oil emulsion (98.5 % efficiency). The as-fabricated GPDS accordingly achieves the multifunctional application in oil-water separation field. Thus, a new avenue is opened to construct 3D cellulose porous scaffold as adsorbent materials in oily wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiu Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruimin Che
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Deqiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lupeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Slenker KW, Woodward HN, O'Brien HD. A foundational description of Antilocapra americana pronghorn core osteohistology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2834-2845. [PMID: 38168904 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cranial bony projections ("headgear") have diverse forms and functions, such as defense, species recognition, mate selection, and thermoregulation. Most commonly, they are associated with the artiodactyl infraorder, Pecora. All pecoran headgear-antlers, horns, ossicones, and pronghorns-are osseous protrusions of the frontal or parietal bone with an integumentary covering, although there is taxonomic, developmental, and compositional variation. However, compared with other pecorans, there is a dearth of literature addressing extant antilocaprids-Antilocapra americana. This study provides a foundational osteohistological description of A. americana pronghorn cores in order to start building a framework to better understand the complex interplay among microanatomy, development, behavior, environment, and phylogenetic history of pronghorn headgear. Osteohistological analysis of adult A. americana pronghorn cores reveal the inner medullary region is composed of trabecular bone. Based on similar studies in bovids, we propose that these trabeculae may function to reduce the effects of repeated loading incurred by intraspecific combat. The deep aspect of the outer region was found to be composed of compacted coarse cancellous bone and primary bone remodeled to dense Haversian bone, in both male and female specimens, respectively, and superficially composed of highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone. The presence of fibrolamellar bone may indicate that the bone is fast-growing, and its presence at the periosteal surface suggests protracted growth of the pronghorn core beyond sexual maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Slenker
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Holly N Woodward
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Haley D O'Brien
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alsafy MAM, El-Gendy SAA, Atkinson B, Sturrock CJ, Kamal BM, Alibhai A, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Soliman S, Rashwan AM, Roshdy K, Rutland CS. Novel Insights Into the Architecture of Macro and Microstructures in Cattle Ossa Cordis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:574-593. [PMID: 38838186 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Ossa cordis, bones located within the heart trigones, are often classified as heterotopic or ectopic bones. Despite their high prevalence in cattle and some other bovids, little is known about their structure or development. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography, gross dissections, and measurements showed the anatomical locations, prevalence, shapes, and measurements of the cardiac bones in both Egyptian Baladi cattle and Holstein-Friesians. All cattle (n = 12) had an Ossa cordis dextrum (average = 50.70 × 20.91 × 5.40 mm). Additionally, 80% Egyptian Baladi and 57% Holstein-Friesian had a smaller Ossa cordis sinistrum (average = 24.94 × 12.75 × 4.12 mm). Egyptian Baladi Ossa cordis were smaller than observed in Holstein-Friesians. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed the elemental constitution (carbon, oxygen, calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, and magnesium) of Ossa cordis and Cartilago cordis. These imaging techniques, plus four histological stains (hematoxylin and eosin, Crossman's trichrome, Alcian blue with Van Gieson, and Sirius Red) and microscopy, demonstrated osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, astrocytes, blood vessels, bone marrow, lamellar and woven bone, cortical bone, trabeculations with pores and canaliculi, and fibrous components including collagen in the Ossa cordis dextrum and sinistrum. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage (chondrocytes and cartilage matrix) were found within and surrounding the Ossa cordis. These findings were additionally compared against other cattle breeds and species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A M Alsafy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abis 10th, Alexandria, PO 21944, Egypt
| | - Samir A A El-Gendy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abis 10th, Alexandria, PO 21944, Egypt
| | - Brian Atkinson
- Hounsfield Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- Hounsfield Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Basma M Kamal
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 6010230, Egypt
| | - Aziza Alibhai
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Soha Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Rashwan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al Gomhouria St, Scientic Campus, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Karam Roshdy
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abis 10th, Alexandria, PO 21944, Egypt
| | - Catrin S Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marconi A, Vernaz G, Karunaratna A, Ngochera MJ, Durbin R, Santos ME. Genetic and developmental divergence in the neural crest programme between cichlid fish species. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.578004. [PMID: 38352436 PMCID: PMC10862805 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.578004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) is a vertebrate-specific embryonic progenitor cell population at the basis of important vertebrate features such as the craniofacial skeleton and pigmentation patterns. Despite the wide-ranging variation of NC-derived traits across vertebrates, the contribution of NC to species diversification remains underexplored. Here, leveraging the adaptive diversity of African Great Lakes' cichlid species, we combined comparative transcriptomics and population genomics to investigate the evolution of the NC genetic programme in the context of their morphological divergence. Our analysis revealed substantial differences in transcriptional landscapes across somitogenesis, an embryonic period coinciding with NC development and migration. This included dozens of genes with described functions in the vertebrate NC gene regulatory network, several of which showed signatures of positive selection. Among candidates showing between-species expression divergence, we focused on teleost-specific paralogs of the NC-specifier sox10 (sox10a and sox10b) as prime candidates to influence NC development. These genes, expressed in NC cells, displayed remarkable spatio-temporal variation in cichlids, suggesting their contribution to inter-specific morphological differences. Finally, through CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, we demonstrated the functional divergence between cichlid sox10 paralogs, with the acquisition of a novel skeletogenic function by sox10a. When compared to the teleost models zebrafish and medaka, our findings reveal that sox10 duplication, although retained in most teleost lineages, had variable functional fates across their phylogeny. Altogether, our study suggests that NC-related processes - particularly those controlled by sox10s - might be involved in generating morphological diversification between species and lays the groundwork for further investigations into mechanisms underpinning vertebrate NC diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maxon J. Ngochera
- Senga Bay Fisheries Research Center, Malawi Fisheries Department, P.O. Box 316, Salima, Malawi
| | - Richard Durbin
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moulton DE, Aubert-Kato N, Almet AA, Sato A. A multiscale computational framework for the development of spines in molluscan shells. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011835. [PMID: 38427695 PMCID: PMC10936779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
From mathematical models of growth to computer simulations of pigmentation, the study of shell formation has given rise to an abundant number of models, working at various scales. Yet, attempts to combine those models have remained sparse, due to the challenge of combining categorically different approaches. In this paper, we propose a framework to streamline the process of combining the molecular and tissue scales of shell formation. We choose these levels as a proxy to link the genotype level, which is better described by molecular models, and the phenotype level, which is better described by tissue-level mechanics. We also show how to connect observations on shell populations to the approach, resulting in collections of molecular parameters that may be associated with different populations of real shell specimens. The approach is as follows: we use a Quality-Diversity algorithm, a type of black-box optimization algorithm, to explore the range of concentration profiles emerging as solutions of a molecular model, and that define growth patterns for the mechanical model. At the same time, the mechanical model is simulated over a wide range of growth patterns, resulting in a variety of spine shapes. While time-consuming, these steps only need to be performed once and then function as look-up tables. Actual pictures of shell spines can then be matched against the list of existing spine shapes, yielding a potential growth pattern which, in turn, gives us matching molecular parameters. The framework is modular, such that models can be easily swapped without changing the overall working of the method. As a demonstration of the approach, we solve specific molecular and mechanical models, adapted from available theoretical studies on molluscan shells, and apply the multiscale framework to evaluate the characteristics of spines from three distinct populations of Turbo sazae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek E. Moulton
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Axel A. Almet
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Atsuko Sato
- Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gray JA, Gignac PM, Stanley EL. The first full body diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography dataset and teaching materials for a member of the Testudines. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:535-548. [PMID: 37409685 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (diceCT) is now a widely used technique for imaging metazoan soft anatomy. Turtles present a particular challenge for anatomists; gross dissection is inherently destructive and irreversible, whereas their near complete shell of bony plates, covered with keratinous scutes, presents a barrier for iodine diffusion and significantly increases contrast-enhanced CT preparation time. Consequently, a complete dataset visualizing the internal soft anatomy of turtles at high resolution and in three dimensions has not yet been successfully achieved. Here we outline a novel method that augments traditional diceCT preparation with an iodine injection technique to acquire the first full body contrast-enhanced dataset for the Testudines. We show this approach to be an effective method of staining the soft tissues inside the shell. The resulting datasets were processed to produce anatomical 3D models that can be used in teaching and research. As diceCT becomes a widely employed method for nondestructively documenting the internal soft anatomy of alcohol preserved museum specimens, we hope that methods applicable to the more challenging of these, such as turtles, will contribute toward the growing stock of digital anatomy in online repositories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaimi A Gray
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang H, Yang P, Liu C, Ma Y, Han Y, Zeng Y, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, He X, E G. Novel Heredity Basis of the Four-Horn Phenotype in Sheep Using Genome-Wide Sequence Data. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3166. [PMID: 37893889 PMCID: PMC10603714 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Horns are an important breeding trait for sheep. However, no widely recognized viewpoint on the regulatory genes and mechanisms of horns is available, and the genetic basis of the four-horn phenotype (FHP) is unclear. This work conducted a genome-wide association study with 100 sheep genomes from multiple breeds to investigate the genetic basis of the FHP. The results revealed three significant associations (corrected as p < 1.64 × 10-8) of the InDels (CHR2: g.133,742,709delA, g.133,743,215insC, and g.133,743,940delT) for FHP in the intergenic sequence (IGS) between the MTX2 and the LOC105609047 of CHR2. Moreover, 14 significant associations (corrected as p < 1.42 × 10-9) of SNPs with the FHP phenotype were identified in CHR2 and CHR16, including five (e.g., CHR16: g.40,351,378G > A and g.40,352,577G > A) located in the intron of the ADAMTS12 gene, eight (e.g., CHR2: g.133,727,513C > T and g.133,732,145T > G) in the IGS between MTX2 and LOC105609047, and only one (CHR2: g.133,930,761A > G) in the IGS between HOXD1 and MTX2. Obvious divergence was also observed in genotype patterns between the FHP and others (two horns and hornless) in the HOXD1 and ADAMTS12 gene regions. An extremely significant linkage also occurred between Loci I and Loci II within 100 individuals (LD = -156.02186, p < 0.00001). In summary, our study indicated that the genomic sequences from CHR2 and CHR16 contributed to the FHP in sheep, specifically the key candidate genes HOXD1 and ADAMTS12. These results improved our understanding of the Mendelian genetic basis of the FHP in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Pu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanguo Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongfu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guangxin E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li H, Du X, Li X, Feng P, Chu M, Jin Y, Pan Z. Genetic diversity, tissue-specific expression, and functional analysis of the ATP7A gene in sheep. Front Genet 2023; 14:1239979. [PMID: 37799137 PMCID: PMC10547898 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1239979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, variation of the ATP7A gene may cause cranial exostosis, which is similar to "human horn," but the function of the ATP7A gene in sheep is still unknown. Tissue expression patterns and potential functional loci analysis of the ATP7A gene could help understand its function in sheep horn. In this study, we first identified tissue, sex, breed, and species-specific expression of the ATP7A gene in sheep based on the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Second, the potential functional sites of the ATP7A gene were analyzed by using the whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of 99 sheep from 10 breeds. Last, the allele-specific expression of the ATP7A gene was explored. Our result showed the ATP7A gene has significantly higher expression in the big horn than in the small horn, and the ATP7A gene has high expression in the horn and skin, suggesting that this gene may be related to the horn. The PCA results show that the region around the ATP7A can distinguish horned and hornless groups to some extent, further indicating that the ATP7A may be related to horns. When compared with other species, we find seven ruminate specific amino acid sites of the ATP7A protein, which can be important to the ruminate horn. By analyzing WGS, we found 6 SNP sites with significant differences in frequency in horned and hornless populations, and most of these variants are present in the intron. But we still find some potential functional sites, including three missenses, three synonymous mutations, and four Indels. Finally, by combining the RNA-seq and WGS functional loci results, we find three mutations that showed allele-specific expression between big and small horns. This study shows that the ATP7A gene in sheep may be related to horn size, and several potential functional sites we identified here can be useful molecular markers for sheep horn breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhangyuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hou S, Shi Q, Benton MJ, Solounias N. Comment on "Sexual selection promotes giraffoid head-neck evolution and ecological adaptation". Science 2023; 379:eadd9559. [PMID: 36795824 DOI: 10.1126/science.add9559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Wang et al. (Research Articles, 3 June 2022, eabl8316) reported an early Miocene giraffoid that exhibited fierce head-butting behavior and concluded that sexual selection promoted head-neck evolution in giraffoids. However, we argue that this ruminant is not a giraffoid and thus that the hypothesis that sexual selection promoted giraffoid head-neck evolution is not sufficiently supported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
| | | | - Nikos Solounias
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA.,Department of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Best A, Egerbacher M, Swaine S, Pérez W, Alibhai A, Rutland P, Kubale V, El‐Gendy SAA, Alsafy MAM, Baiker K, Sturrock CJ, Rutland CS. Anatomy, histology, development and functions of Ossa cordis: A review. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:683-695. [PMID: 36073246 PMCID: PMC9826330 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review highlights the similarities and variations in Ossa cordis prevalence, histology and anatomical location between differing veterinary species and in humans. In addition, it also identifies associated factors such as aging and cardiovascular disease for each species in relation to functional roles and developmental mechanisms that these bone structures may play. The potential functions of Ossa cordis are presented, ranging from aiding cardiac contraction and conduction, providing cardiac structure, and protecting components of the heart, through to counteracting high mechanical stress. Furthermore, this review discusses the evidence and rationale behind the theories regarding the formation and development of Ossa cordis in different veterinary species and in people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Best
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceFaculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Admin. Unit of Veterinary MedicineUMIT TIROL – Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and TechnologyHall in TirolTyrolAustria
| | - Sophia Swaine
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceFaculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - William Pérez
- Unidad de Anatomía, Facultad de VeterinariaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Aziza Alibhai
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceFaculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - Paul Rutland
- University College LondonGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Valentina Kubale
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical SciencesUniversity of LjubljanaLjubjanaSlovenia
| | - Samir A. A. El‐Gendy
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria UniversityEgypt
| | - Mohamed A. M. Alsafy
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria UniversityEgypt
| | - Kerstin Baiker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceFaculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - Craig J. Sturrock
- The Hounsfield Facility, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceFaculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Importance of Cow-Individual Effects and Diet, Ambient Temperature, and Horn Status on Delayed Luminescence of Milk from Brown Swiss Dairy Cows. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the importance of cow-individual effects and the importance of horn status (horned vs. disbudded), of diet (hay with and without concentrates), and of ambient temperature (10 °C vs. 25 °C) on delayed luminescence (DL) parameters of milk samples, fluorescence excitation spectroscopic (FES) measurements were performed on a total of n = 152 milk samples from 20 cows of a cross-over experiment. Cow-individual variation was investigated in relation to the horn status, diet effects were evaluated by cow in relation to sampling effects, and regression analysis was used to evaluate the importance of the experimental factors on the variation of emission parameters. Variation of short-term emission after yellow excitation (530 to 800 nm) was predominantly related to the individual cow (disbudded cows tended to higher values), and was partly affected by feeding, with higher emission for concentrate-added diets. Short-term emission after white excitation (260 to 850 nm) was most related to ambient temperature, with higher values at warm temperature. Higher emission was observed also in aged (stored) samples or after delayed cooling. The emission after yellow showed to be more robust to handling and ageing of the milk than the emission after white; possible relations to digestive processes of the cow (including the microbiome) are warranted.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cerda IA, Novas FE, Carballido JL, Salgado L. Osteohistology of the hyperelongate hemispinous processes of Amargasaurus cazaui (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): Implications for soft tissue reconstruction and functional significance. J Anat 2022; 240:1005-1019. [PMID: 35332552 PMCID: PMC9119615 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicraeosaurid sauropods are iconically characterized by the presence of elongate hemispinous processes in presacral vertebrae. These hemispinous processes can show an extreme degree of elongation, such as in the Argentinean forms Amargasaurus cazaui, Pilmatueia faundezi and Bajadasaurus pronuspinax. These hyperelongated hemispinous processes have been variably interpreted as a support structure for a padded crest/sail as a display, a bison-like hump or as the internal osseous cores of cervical horns. With the purpose to test these hypotheses, here we analyze, for the first time, the external morphology, internal microanatomy and bone microstructure of the hemispinous processes from the holotype of Amargasaurus, in addition to a second dicraeosaurid indet. (also from the La Amarga Formatin; Lower Cretaceous, Argentina). Transverse thin-sections sampled from the proximal, mid and distal portions of both cervical and dorsal hemispinous processes reveal that the cortical bone is formed by highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone interrupted with cyclical growth marks. Obliquely oriented Sharpey's fibres are mostly located in the medial and lateral portions of the cortex. Secondary remodelling is evidenced by the presence of abundant secondary osteons irregularly distributed within the cortex. Both anatomical and histological evidence does not support the presence of a keratinized sheath (i.e. horn) covering the hyperelongated hemispinous processes of Amargasaurus, and either, using a parsimonious criterium, in other dicraeosaurids with similar vertebral morphology. The spatial distribution and relative orientation of the Sharpey's fibres suggest the presence of an important system of interspinous ligaments that possibly connect successive hemispinous processes in Amargasaurus. These ligaments were distributed along the entirety of the hemispinous processes. The differential distribution of secondary osteons indicates that the cervical hemispinous processes of Amargasaurus were subjected to mechanical forces that generated higher compression strain on the anterior side of the elements. Current data support the hypothesis for the presence of a 'cervical sail' in Amargasaurus and other dicraeosaurids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio A. Cerda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y GeologíaUniversidad Nacional de Río NegroArgentina
- Museo Carlos AmeghinoCipollettiRío NegroArgentina
| | - Fernando E. Novas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Argentina
- Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los VertebradosMuseo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - José Luis Carballido
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Argentina
- Museo Paleontológico Egidio FeruglioTrelewArgentina
| | - Leonardo Salgado
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y GeologíaUniversidad Nacional de Río NegroArgentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hartung J, Böhme M. Unexpected cranial sexual dimorphism in the tragulid Dorcatherium naui based on material from the middle to late Miocene localities of Eppelsheim and Hammerschmiede (Germany). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267951. [PMID: 35584185 PMCID: PMC9116667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tragulids, chevrotains or mouse deer, were common faunal elements during the Miocene. During that time, Dorcatherium was the most abundant genus, with D. naui being the first described species. Besides their abundance, until recently only very limited cranial material was available for investigation. Here we present a redescription of the first complete skull of D. naui from the middle to late Miocene locality of Eppelsheim, Germany, based on micro-computed tomography. Furthermore, we present a description and comparison of two additional, new skulls of D. naui from the late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede, Germany. Within Dorcatherium, so far, only three other complete skulls are known, all belonging to D. crassum. A comparison between the three skulls of D. naui and the already known skulls of D. crassum shows that these two species differ in morphological features of the skull, such as laterally facing orbitae, separation of supraorbital foramen from supraorbital groove by a bony bridge, well-developed parietal plateau, prominent nuchal tubercle, less-developed nuchal crests, and the presence of an occipital crest. Moreover, two different osteological morphotypes are present in the skulls of D. naui that can be interpreted as a previously unknown sexual dimorphism. Very similar features are observed in D. crassum, which can be likewise related to the same dimorphism. However, males of D. naui differ from males of D. crassum by the presence of frontoparietal bulges, which were probably used for sexual display and during male-male combats in males of D. naui. For the first time, sexual dimorphism in Dorcatherium is described based on skull characteristics, which are, so far, unknown from any other fossil or extant tragulid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephina Hartung
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Madelaine Böhme
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment (HEP), Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Amador LI. Sesamoids and Morphological Variation: a Hypothesis on the Origin of Rod-like Skeletal Elements in Aerial Mammals. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
15
|
Nasoori A, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Shimozuru M, Sashika M, Tsubota T. Hibernating bear serum hinders osteoclastogenesis in-vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238132. [PMID: 32853221 PMCID: PMC7451522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bears do not suffer from osteoporosis during hibernation, which is associated with long-term inactivity, lack of food intake, and cold exposure. However, the mechanisms involved in bone loss prevention have scarcely been elucidated in bears. We investigated the effect of serum from hibernating Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) on differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to osteoclasts (OCs). PBMCs collected from 3 bears were separately cultured with 10% serum of 4 active and 4 hibernating bears (each individual serum type was assessed separately by a bear PBMCs), and differentiation were induced by treatment with macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL). PBMCs that were cultured with the active bear serum containing medium (ABSM) differentiated to multi-nucleated OCs, and were positive for TRAP stain. However, cells supplemented with hibernating bear serum containing medium (HBSM) failed to form OCs, and showed significantly lower TRAP stain (p < 0.001). On the other hand, HBSM induced proliferation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) similarly to ABSM (p > 0.05), indicating no difference on cell growth. It was revealed that osteoclastogenesis of PBMCs is hindered by HBSM, implying an underlying mechanism for the suppressed bone resorption during hibernation in bears. In addition, this study for the first time showed the formation of bears’ OCs in-vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nasoori
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michito Shimozuru
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mariko Sashika
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsubota
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nasoori A. Tusks, the extra-oral teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104835. [PMID: 32668361 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present review aims to: a) describe the features that support tusks in extra-oral position, and b) represent distinctive features of tusks, which provide insights into tusks adaptation to ambient conditions. DESIGN A comprehensive review of scientific literature relevant to tusks and comparable dental tissues was conducted. RESULTS The oral cavity provides a desirable condition which is conducive to tooth health. Therefore, it remains questionable how the bare (exposed) tusks resist the extra-oral conditions. The common features among tusked mammals indicate that the structural (e.g. the peculiar dentinal alignment), cellular (e.g. low or lack of cell populations in the tusk), hormonal (e.g. androgens), and behavioral traits have impact on a tusk's preservation and occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Understanding of bare mineralized structures, such as tusks and antlers, and their compatibility with different environments, can provide important insight into oral biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nasoori
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|