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Bartholomew DC, Banin LF, Bittencourt PRL, Suis MAF, Mercado LM, Nilus R, Burslem DFRP, Rowland LR. Differential nutrient limitation and tree height control leaf physiology, supporting niche partitioning in tropical dipterocarp forests. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Bartholomew
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - L. F. Banin
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik Midlothian UK
| | | | - M. A. F. Suis
- Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | - L. M. Mercado
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Wallingford UK
| | - R. Nilus
- Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | | | - L. R. Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
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Xu Z, Johnson DJ, Zhu K, Lin F, Ye J, Yuan Z, Mao Z, Fang S, Hao Z, Wang X. Interannual climate variability has predominant effects on seedling survival in a temperate forest. Ecology 2022; 103:e3643. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Daniel J. Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Zikun Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shuai Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
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Site conditions for regeneration of climax species, the key for restoring moist deciduous tropical forest in Southern Vietnam. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233524. [PMID: 32469962 PMCID: PMC7259571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the requirements and tolerances of the seedlings of climax species is fundamental for tropical forest restoration. This study investigates how the presence and abundance of seedlings of a previously dominant, now threatened species (Dipterocapus dyeri Pierre), varies across a range of environmental conditions. Dipterocapus dyeri seedling abundance and site characteristics were recorded at 122 observation points (4 m2) at nine clusters from two sites. Seedling presence (p = 0.065) and abundance varied significantly (p = 0.001) between the two sites, and was strongly correlated with adult D. dyeri dominance and lower soil pH, and weakly correlated with canopy openness and total stand basal area. Dipterocarpus dyeri seedlings were also grown in shade houses with three light levels on two soils. Seedling survival was significantly lower at the lowest light level (<10% full irradiance) at 13% for the forest soil and 25% for degraded soil. At higher irradiance the seedling survival rates were greater than 99%. Moisture levels remained high at the lowest light level and many seedlings died from fungal infection. We concluded that secondary forests which contain adequate numbers of adult D. dyeri as seed sources, light availability, soil pH of < 5.0, and good drainage strongly favour survival and growth of D. dyeri seedlings. Historically, D. dyeri was dominant in moist deciduous tropical forest across south-eastern Vietnam, but today it is rare. Active management of these recovering forests is essential in order to recover this high-value, climax forest species.
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Pillay R, Hua F, Loiselle BA, Bernard H, Fletcher RJ. Multiple stages of tree seedling recruitment are altered in tropical forests degraded by selective logging. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8231-8242. [PMID: 30250698 PMCID: PMC6145000 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forest degradation is a global environmental issue. In degraded forests, seedling recruitment of canopy trees is vital for forest regeneration and recovery. We investigated how selective logging, a pervasive driver of tropical forest degradation, impacts canopy tree seedling recruitment, focusing on an endemic dipterocarp Dryobalanops lanceolata in Sabah, Borneo. During a mast-fruiting event in intensively logged and nearby unlogged forest, we examined four stages of the seedling recruitment process: seed production, seed predation, and negative density-dependent germination and seedling survival. Our results suggest that each stage of the seedling recruitment process is altered in logged forest. The seed crop of D. lanceolata trees in logged forest was one-third smaller than that produced by trees in unlogged forest. The functional role of vertebrates in seed predation increased in logged forest while that of non-vertebrates declined. Seeds in logged forest were less likely to germinate than those in unlogged forest. Germination increased with local-scale conspecific seed density in unlogged forest, but seedling survival tended to decline. However, both germination and seedling survival increased with local-scale conspecific seed density in logged forest. Notably, seed crop size, germination, and seedling survival tended to increase for larger trees in both unlogged and logged forests, suggesting that sustainable timber extraction and silvicultural practices designed to minimize damage to the residual stand are important to prevent seedling recruitment failure. Overall, these impacts sustained by several aspects of seedling recruitment in a mast-fruiting year suggest that intensive selective logging may affect long-term population dynamics of D. lanceolata. It is necessary to establish if other dipterocarp species, many of which are threatened by the timber trade, are similarly affected in tropical forests degraded by intensive selective logging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Pillay
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Fangyuan Hua
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Bette A. Loiselle
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Latin American StudiesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and ConservationUniversiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluSabahMalaysia
| | - Robert J. Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Uriarte M, Muscarella R, Zimmerman JK. Environmental heterogeneity and biotic interactions mediate climate impacts on tropical forest regeneration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e692-e704. [PMID: 29194879 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the fate of tropical forests under a changing climate requires understanding species responses to climatic variability and extremes. Seedlings may be particularly vulnerable to climatic stress given low stored resources and undeveloped roots; they also portend the potential effects of climate change on future forest composition. Here we use data for ca. 50,000 tropical seedlings representing 25 woody species to assess (i) the effects of interannual variation in rainfall and solar radiation between 2007 and 2016 on seedling survival over 9 years in a subtropical forest; and (ii) how spatial heterogeneity in three environmental factors-soil moisture, understory light, and conspecific neighborhood density-modulate these responses. Community-wide seedling survival was not sensitive to interannual rainfall variability but interspecific variation in these responses was large, overwhelming the average community response. In contrast, community-wide responses to solar radiation were predominantly positive. Spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture and conspecific density were the predominant and most consistent drivers of seedling survival, with the majority of species exhibiting greater survival at low conspecific densities and positive or nonlinear responses to soil moisture. This environmental heterogeneity modulated impacts of rainfall and solar radiation. Negative conspecific effects were amplified during rainy years and at dry sites, whereas the positive effects of radiation on survival were more pronounced for seedlings existing at high understory light levels. These results demonstrate that environmental heterogeneity is not only the main driver of seedling survival in this forest but also plays a central role in buffering or exacerbating impacts of climate fluctuations on forest regeneration. Since seedlings represent a key bottleneck in the demographic cycle of trees, efforts to predict the long-term effects of a changing climate on tropical forests must take into account this environmental heterogeneity and how its effects on regeneration dynamics play out in long-term stand dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bisocience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
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Tuck SL, O'Brien MJ, Philipson CD, Saner P, Tanadini M, Dzulkifli D, Godfray HCJ, Godoong E, Nilus R, Ong RC, Schmid B, Sinun W, Snaddon JL, Snoep M, Tangki H, Tay J, Ulok P, Wai YS, Weilenmann M, Reynolds G, Hector A. The value of biodiversity for the functioning of tropical forests: insurance effects during the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161451. [PMID: 27928046 PMCID: PMC5204142 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main environmental threats in the tropics is selective logging, which has degraded large areas of forest. In southeast Asia, enrichment planting with seedlings of the dominant group of dipterocarp tree species aims to accelerate restoration of forest structure and functioning. The role of tree diversity in forest restoration is still unclear, but the 'insurance hypothesis' predicts that in temporally and spatially varying environments planting mixtures may stabilize functioning owing to differences in species traits and ecologies. To test for potential insurance effects, we analyse the patterns of seedling mortality and growth in monoculture and mixture plots over the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment. Our results reveal the species differences required for potential insurance effects including a trade-off in which species with denser wood have lower growth rates but higher survival. This trade-off was consistent over time during the first decade, but growth and mortality varied spatially across our 500 ha experiment with species responding to changing conditions in different ways. Overall, average survival rates were extreme in monocultures than mixtures consistent with a potential insurance effect in which monocultures of poorly surviving species risk recruitment failure, whereas monocultures of species with high survival have rates of self-thinning that are potentially wasteful when seedling stocks are limited. Longer-term monitoring as species interactions strengthen will be needed to more comprehensively test to what degree mixtures of species spread risk and use limited seedling stocks more efficiently to increase diversity and restore ecosystem structure and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L Tuck
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Almería, Spain
- Danum Valley Field Centre, The SE Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), PO Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Philippe Saner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Tanadini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Dzaeman Dzulkifli
- Tropical Rainforest Conservation and Research Centre, Lot 2900 and 2901, Jalan 7/71B Pinggiran Taman Tun, 60000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Charles J Godfray
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Elia Godoong
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Reuben Nilus
- Sabah Forestry Department Forest Research Centre, Mile 14 Jalan Sepilok, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Robert C Ong
- Sabah Forestry Department Forest Research Centre, Mile 14 Jalan Sepilok, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Waidi Sinun
- Yayasan Sabah (Conservation and Environmental Management Division), 12th Floor, Menara Tun Mustapha, Yayasan Sabah, Likas Bay, PO Box 11622, 88813 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
| | - Jake L Snaddon
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martijn Snoep
- Face the Future, Utrechtseweg 95, 3702 AA, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Hamzah Tangki
- Yayasan Sabah (Conservation and Environmental Management Division), 12th Floor, Menara Tun Mustapha, Yayasan Sabah, Likas Bay, PO Box 11622, 88813 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
| | - John Tay
- School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400 Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Philip Ulok
- Danum Valley Field Centre, The SE Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), PO Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yap Sau Wai
- Yayasan Sabah (Conservation and Environmental Management Division), 12th Floor, Menara Tun Mustapha, Yayasan Sabah, Likas Bay, PO Box 11622, 88813 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
| | - Maja Weilenmann
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Glen Reynolds
- Danum Valley Field Centre, The SE Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), PO Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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