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Walweel N, Aydin O. Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy in Cancer Treatment: Integrating Nanomedicine with Autophagy Inhibition Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27832-27852. [PMID: 38973850 PMCID: PMC11223161 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The complicated stepwise lysosomal degradation process known as autophagy is in charge of destroying and eliminating damaged organelles and defective cytoplasmic components. This mechanism promotes metabolic adaptability and nutrition recycling. Autophagy functions as a quality control mechanism in cells that support homeostasis and redox balance under normal circumstances. However, the role of autophagy in cancer is controversial because, mostly depending on the stage of the tumor, it may either suppress or support the disease. While autophagy delays the onset of tumors and slows the dissemination of cancer in the early stages of tumorigenesis, numerous studies demonstrate that autophagy promotes the development and spread of tumors as well as the evolution and development of resistance to several anticancer drugs in advanced cancer stages. In this Review, we primarily emphasize the therapeutic role of autophagy inhibition in improving the treatment of multiple cancers and give a broad overview of how its inhibition modulates cancer responses. There have been various attempts to inhibit autophagy, including the use of autophagy inhibitor drugs, gene silencing therapy (RNA interference), and nanoparticles. In this Review, all these topics are thoroughly covered and illustrated by recent studies and field investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Walweel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- NanoThera
Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Omer Aydin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- NanoThera
Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- ERKAM-Clinical-Engineering
Research and Implementation Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
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Long X, Wang H, Yan J, Li Y, Dong X, Tian S, Sun Y, Luo K, He B, Liang Y. Tailor-Made Autophagy Cascade Amplification Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207898. [PMID: 36932938 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) by triggering autophagy and mediate antitumor immunotherapy. However, using chemotherapeutics alone can only cause mild cell-protective autophagy and be incapable of inducing sufficient ICD efficacy. The participation of autophagy inducer is competent to enhance autophagy, so the level of ICD is promoted and the effect of antitumor immunotherapy is highly increased. Herein, tailor-made autophagy cascade amplification polymeric nanoparticles STF@AHPPE are constructed to enhance tumor immunotherapy. Arginine (Arg), polyethyleneglycol-polycaprolactone, and epirubicin (EPI) are grafted onto hyaluronic acid (HA) via disulfide bond to form the AHPPE nanoparticles and autophagy inducer STF-62247 (STF) is loaded. When STF@AHPPE nanoparticles target to tumor tissues and efficiently enter into tumor cells with the help of HA and Arg, the high glutathione concentration leads to the cleavage of disulfide bond and the release of EPI and STF. Finally, STF@AHPPE induces violent cytotoxic autophagy and strong ICD efficacy. As compared to AHPPE nanoparticles, STF@AHPPE nanoparticles kill the most tumor cells and show the more obvious ICD efficacy and immune activation ability. This work provides a novel strategy for combining tumor chemo-immunotherapy with autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Long
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Jianqin Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Sijia Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
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Li J, Zhou J, Zhao N, Li Z, Xu X, Tang J, Li Z, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li Q, Zhang Q, Jiang J. EM-2, a natural sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus mollis H.B.K., enhanced the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to epirubicin by blocking protective autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154878. [PMID: 37224776 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EM-2, a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Elephantopus mollis H.B.K., showed a good anti-breast cancer effect when combined with epirubicin (EPI). However, its synergistic sensitization mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect and possible synergistic mechanism of EM-2 with EPI in vivo and in vitro and to provide an experimental basis for the treatment of human breast cancer. METHODS Cell proliferation was measured with MTT and colony formation assays. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined through flow cytometry, and the expression levels of proteins related to apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and DNA damage were detected through Western blot analysis. Moreover, the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine, ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid, and ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine were applied to verify signaling pathways. Breast cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the antitumor functions of EM-2 and EPI in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells, the IC50 of EPI combined with EM-2 (IC20) was 37.909 and 33.889 times lower than that of EPI alone, respectively. Further study verified that in EPI-resistant lines (MDA-MB-231/EPI), the IC50 of EPI combined with EM-2 (IC20) was 26.305 times lower than that of EPI alone. Mechanistically, EM-2 could reverse the protective effect of EPI against autophagy in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. EM-2 and EPI could trigger ER stress. When EM-2 and EPI were used in combination, ER stress was continuously activated, and ER stress-mediated apoptosis was induced. Meanwhile, EM-2 combined with EPI promoted DNA damage then induced apoptosis. In vivo, the volume of breast cancer xenografts in the combination group was smaller than that in the control, EM-2, and EPI groups. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that the combination of EM-2 and EPI could block autophagy and promote ER stress in vivo. CONCLUSION EM-2 enhances the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, and EPI-resistant cells to EPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Junzhen Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xinwen Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, PanYu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Yuerui Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Shunde Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528303, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Jianwei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Toda N, Sato T, Muraoka M, Lin D, Saito M, Li G, Song QC, Yanagisawa T, Yamauchi M. Doxorubicin induces cardiomyocyte death owing to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria by inhibiting the autophagy fusion process. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:47-57. [PMID: 36566798 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antibiotic, is an anticancer drug that inhibits DNA replication and cellular metabolic processes in cancer cells with high proliferative potential. However, Dox causes severe side effects, including myocardial damage and heart failure, but the molecular mechanism underlying Dox-induced myocardial injury remains uncertain. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Dox on the mitochondrial quality control system and regulation of mitochondrial respiration and autophagy in an in vitro rat myoblast H9c2 cell culture model using western blotting, immunohistochemistry, the Seahorse XF24 system, and flow cytometry. Our results showed that Dox did not impair the initiation of autophagic flux or the functions of lysosomes; however, Dox affected the mitochondrial quality control system, leading to a fission-dominant morphology and impaired regulation of mitochondrial respiration, thereby increasing oxidative stress and inhibited progression of autophagy, particularly the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. This inhibition caused a significant decrease in the formation of autolysosomes and was responsible for the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and subsequent increase in oxidative stress, eventually leading to increased myocardial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Toda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Takeya Sato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mikio Muraoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Delan Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Guanje Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Qui-Chao Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Teruyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
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Wang J, Liu H, Zhu L, Wang J, Luo X, Liu W, Ma Y. Prodigiosin from Serratia Marcescens in Cockroach Inhibits the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis. Molecules 2022; 27:7281. [PMID: 36364107 PMCID: PMC9653855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignant tumor, and the targeted therapy for HCC is very limited. Our previous study demonstrated that prodigiosin(PG), a secondary metabolite from Serratia marcescens found in the intestinal flora of cockroaches, inhibits the proliferation of HCC and increases the expression of CHOP, a marker protein for endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis, in a dose-dependent manner. However, the mechanisms underlying the activity of PG in vivo and in vitro are unclear. This study explored the molecular mechanisms of PG-induced ERS against liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. The apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by PG through endoplasmic reticulum stress was observed by flow cytometry, colony formation assay, cell viability assay, immunoblot analysis, and TUNEL assay. The localization of PG in cells was observed using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to detect the intracellular Ca2+ concentration after PG treatment. We found that PG could promote apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of HCC. It was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of HepG2 cells, where it induces the release of Ca2+. PG also upregulated the expression of key unfolded response proteins, including PERK, IRE1α, Bip, and CHOP, and related apoptotic proteins, including caspase3, caspase9, and Bax, but down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in liver cancer. Alleviating ERS reversed the above phenomenon. PG had no obvious negative effects on the functioning of the liver, kidney, and other main organs in nude mice, but the growth of liver cancer cells was inhibited by inducing ERS in vivo. The findings of this study showed that PG promotes apoptosis of HCC by inducing ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hancong Liu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Liuchong Zhu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiongming Luo
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Adipokines as Regulators of Autophagy in Obesity-Linked Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203230. [PMID: 36291097 PMCID: PMC9600294 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight and obesity have become significant risk factors for cancer development. During obesity, adipose tissue alters its biological function, deregulating the secretion of bioactive factors such as hormones, cytokines, and adipokines that promote an inflammatory microenvironment conducive to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Adipokines regulate tumor processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion. Additionally, it has been found that they can modulate autophagy, a process implicated in tumor suppression in healthy tissue and cancer progression in established tumors. Since the tumor-promoting role of autophagy has been well described, the process has been suggested as a therapeutic target in cancer. However, the effects of targeting autophagy might depend on the tumor type and microenvironmental conditions, where circulating adipokines could influence the role of autophagy in cancer. Here, we review recent evidence related to the role of adipokines in cancer cell autophagy in an effort to understand the tumor response in the context of obesity under the assumption of an autophagy-targeting treatment.
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7
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Dash MK, Joshi N, Gautam D, Jayakumar R, Tripathi Y. Ayurvedic supportive therapy in the management of breast cancer. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Shi R, Liu Z, Liu T. The antagonistic effect of bisphenol A and nonylphenol on liver and kidney injury in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:527-535. [PMID: 34282716 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1950179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) are widely distributed endocrine-disrupting compounds. We aimed to estimate the combined toxicity of BPA and NP at a clinically safe dose (100 μg/kg) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver and kidney functions were evaluated by detecting the relevant indicators. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was performed to examine the injury in the tissue. TUNEL assay and Western blot were used to detect cell apoptosis and expressions of target factors, respectively. RESULTS The body weight of rats in the BPA + NP group was lighter than that in the BPA or NP group. BPA or NP weakened liver function through increasing levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride TG, globulin (GLOB), treponemiapallidum (TP), and total bilirubin (TBIL). BPA and NP could induce kidney damage by elevating the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione sulfotransferase (GSH-ST), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were reduced in those groups exposed to BPA or NP. HE staining exhibited injuries of the liver and kidney. Furthermore, the apoptosis of liver and kidney cells was enhanced by exposure to BPA or NP. Additionally, the expressions of CYP2D6, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1 were triggered by the treatment of BPA or NP. The combined effect of BPA and NP seemed to be antagonistic at a low dose. CONCLUSION BPA and NP may have potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zirong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Ando T, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Ichikawa J, Ochiai T, Yoshida Y, Haro H, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. Combined Anticancer Effect of Plasma-Activated Infusion and Salinomycin by Targeting Autophagy and Mitochondrial Morphology. Front Oncol 2021; 11:593127. [PMID: 34150606 PMCID: PMC8212785 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.593127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP)-activated liquids have emerged as new promising anticancer agents because they preferentially injure malignant cells. Here, we report plasma-activated infusion (PAI) as a novel NTAPP-based anti-neoplastic agent. PAI was prepared by irradiating helium NTAP to form a clinically approved infusion fluid. PAI dose-dependently killed malignant melanoma and osteosarcoma cell lines while showing much lower cytotoxic effects on dermal and lung fibroblasts. We found that PAI and salinomycin (Sal), an emerging anticancer stem cell agent, mutually operated as adjuvants. The combined administration of PAI and Sal was much more effective than single-agent application in reducing the growth and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma allografts with minimal adverse effects. Mechanistically, PAI explicitly induced necroptosis and increased the phosphorylation of receptor-interacting protein 1/3 rapidly and transiently. PAI also suppressed the ambient autophagic flux by activating the mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. PAI increased the phosphorylation of Raptor, Rictor, and p70-S6 kinase, along with decreased LC3-I/II expression. In contrast, Sal promoted autophagy. Moreover, Sal exacerbated the mitochondrial network collapse caused by PAI, resulting in aberrant clustering of fragmented mitochondrial in a tumor-specific manner. Our findings suggest that combined administration of PAI and Sal is a promising approach for treating these apoptosis-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manami Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Research and Development, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miki Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Research and Development, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jiro Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Research and Development, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Nihon University Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Research and Development, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
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Yao M, Wu Y, Cao Y, Liu H, Ma N, Chai Y, Zhang S, Zhang H, Nong L, Liang L, Zhang B. Autophagy-Mediated Clearance of Free Genomic DNA in the Cytoplasm Protects the Growth and Survival of Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667920. [PMID: 34123836 PMCID: PMC8189927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS (GMP-AMP synthase)-mediated senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and DNA-induced autophagy (DNA autophagy) have been extensively investigated in recent years. However, cGAS-mediated autophagy has not been elucidated in cancer cells. The described investigation revealed that active DNA autophagy but not SASP activity could be detected in the BT-549 breast cancer cell line with high micronucleus (MN) formation. DNA autophagy was identified as selective autophagy of free genomic DNA in the cytoplasm but not nucleophagy. The process of DNA autophagy in the cytosol could be initiate by cGAS and usually cooperates with SQSTM1-mediated autophagy of ubiquitinated histones. Cytoplasmic DNA, together with nuclear proteins such as histones, could be derived from DNA replication-induced nuclear damage and MN collapse. The inhibition of autophagy through chemical inhibitors as well as the genomic silencing of cGAS or SQSTM1 could suppress the growth and survival of cancer cells, and induced DNA damage could increase the sensitivity to these inhibitors. Furthermore, expanded observations of several other kinds of human cancer cells indicated that high relative DNA autophagy or enhancement of DNA damage could also increase or sensitize these cells to inhibition of DNA autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Yao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Nong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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11
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朱 晨, 杜 家, 姚 言, 武 丹, 苑 敏, 干 露, 童 旭. [Inhibiting autophagy by silencing ATG5 and ATG7 enhances inhibitory effect of DDP on DDP-resistant I-10 testicular cancer cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:657-663. [PMID: 34134951 PMCID: PMC8214968 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the changes in autophagy of cisplatin-resistant I-10 testicular cancer cells (I-10/DDP cells) in response to cisplatin treatment and the effect of silencing ATG5 and ATG7 on autophagy and proliferation of cisplatin-treated cells. OBJECTIVE I-10/DDP cells treated with 15 μmol/L cisplatin for 12 h were examined for expressions of LC3 and p62 by Western blotting and for autophagy level through transmission electron microscopy and mCherry-GFP-LC3B. I-10/DDP cells were transfected with short hairpin RNAs shRNA-ATG5 or shRNA-ATG7 via Lipfectamine2000, the empty vector (NC group), or Lipfectamine2000 alone (blank control group), and the cellular expressions of ATG5 and ATG7 were detected with Western blotting. The transfected cells were treated with 15 μmol/L cisplatin for 12 h, after that the expressions of LC3 and p62 were detected with Western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy and mCherry-GFP-LC3B were used to detect autophagy level in the cells. MTT assay and colony-forming assay were performed to assess the cell survival fraction and colony formation ability of the treated cells, respectively. OBJECTIVE After cisplatin treatmert, the expression level of LC3 II increased significantly (P < 0.001), the expression level of p62 decreased (P < 0.05), and the number of autophagosomes increased in I-10/DDP cells. The cells transfected with shRNA-ATG5 or shRNA-ATG7 showed significantly decreased expressions of ATG5 or ATG7 (P=0.005 or P < 0.001). Cisplatin treatment of the transfected cells obviously reduced the cellular expression of LC3 II (P < 0.001), increased the expression of p62 (P < 0.001), and decreased the number of autophagosomes, cell survival fraction and colony formation ability of the cells (P < 0.001). OBJECTIVE Silencing ATG5 and ATG7 inhibits cisplatin-mediated autophagy and enhances the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on inhibiting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晨露 朱
- />蚌埠医学院药学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 家如 杜
- />蚌埠医学院药学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 言雪 姚
- />蚌埠医学院药学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 丹丹 武
- />蚌埠医学院药学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 敏 苑
- />蚌埠医学院药学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 露 干
- />蚌埠医学院药学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 旭辉 童
- />蚌埠医学院药学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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12
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Chen S, Yu D, Zhong W, Liu J, Liu J, Liu B, Zheng J, Yang R. Visualization of O 2/ATP cross-talk in living cells with a smart fluorescent nanoprobe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7786-7789. [PMID: 34264259 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a dual-responsive fluorescent nanoprobe to visualize the cross-talk between O2 and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in living cells. We hope it will be a helpful tool for the further understanding of cellular metabolism and further facilitating risk warning in the process of adaptation to consistent environmental pressures in premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Dingwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Ronghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Muniraj N, Siddharth S, Shriver M, Nagalingam A, Parida S, Woo J, Elsey J, Gabrielson K, Gabrielson E, Arbiser JL, Saxena NK, Sharma D. Induction of STK11-dependent cytoprotective autophagy in breast cancer cells upon honokiol treatment. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:81. [PMID: 32963809 PMCID: PMC7475061 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells hijack autophagy pathway to evade anti-cancer therapeutics. Many molecular signaling pathways associated with drug-resistance converge on autophagy induction. Honokiol (HNK), a natural phenolic compound purified from Magnolia grandiflora, has recently been shown to impede breast tumorigenesis and, in the present study, we investigated whether breast cancer cells evoke autophagy to modulate therapeutic efficacy and functional networks of HNK. Indeed, breast cancer cells exhibit increased autophagosomes-accumulation, MAP1LC3B-II/LC3B-II-conversion, expression of ATG proteins as well as elevated fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes upon HNK treatment. Breast cancer cells treated with HNK demonstrate significant growth inhibition and apoptotic induction, and these biological processes are blunted by macroautophagy/autophagy. Consequently, inhibiting autophagosome formation, abrogating autophagosome-lysosome fusion or genetic-knockout of BECN1 and ATG7 effectively increase HNK-mediated apoptotic induction and growth inhibition. Next, we explored the functional impact of tumor suppressor STK11 in autophagy induction in HNK-treated cells. STK11-silencing abrogates LC3B-II-conversion, and blocks autophagosome/lysosome fusion and lysosomal activity as illustrated by LC3B-Rab7 co-staining and DQ-BSA assay. Our results exemplify the cytoprotective nature of autophagy invoked in HNK-treated breast cancer cells and put forth the notion that a combined strategy of autophagy inhibition with HNK would be more effective. Indeed, HNK and chloroquine (CQ) show synergistic inhibition of breast cancer cells and HNK-CQ combination treatment effectively inhibits breast tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Tumor-dissociated cells from HNK-CQ treated tumors exhibit abrogated invasion and migration potential. Together, these results implicate that breast cancer cells undergo cytoprotective autophagy to circumvent HNK and a combined treatment with HNK and CQ can be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethaji Muniraj
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Marey Shriver
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Sheetal Parida
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Justin Elsey
- Department of Dermatology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Jack L. Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Neeraj K. Saxena
- Early Detection Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
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A lysosome independent role for TFEB in activating DNA repair and inhibiting apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Biochem J 2020; 477:137-160. [PMID: 31820786 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy with critical roles in several cancers. Lysosomal autophagy promotes cancer survival through the degradation of toxic molecules and the maintenance of adequate nutrient supply. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the standard of care treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, chemoresistance at lower doses and toxicity at higher doses limit its usefulness. By targeting pathways of survival, DOX can become an effective antitumor agent. In this study, we examined the role of TFEB in TNBC and its relationship with autophagy and DNA damage induced by DOX. In TNBC cells, TFEB was hypo-phosphorylated and localized to the nucleus upon DOX treatment. TFEB knockdown decreased the viability of TNBC cells while increasing caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. Additionally, inhibition of the TFEB-phosphatase calcineurin sensitized cells to DOX-induced apoptosis in a TFEB dependent fashion. Regulation of apoptosis by TFEB was not a consequence of altered lysosomal function, as TFEB continued to protect against apoptosis in the presence of lysosomal inhibitors. RNA-Seq analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells with TFEB silencing identified a down-regulation in cell cycle and homologous recombination genes while interferon-γ and death receptor signaling genes were up-regulated. In consequence, TFEB knockdown disrupted DNA repair following DOX, as evidenced by persistent γH2A.X detection. Together, these findings describe in TNBC a novel lysosomal independent function for TFEB in responding to DNA damage.
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Cell-Free Coelomic Fluid Extracts of the Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula Impair Mitochondrial Potential and Cell Cycle Distribution and Stimulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Autophagic Activity in Triple-Negative MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8040261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly malignant tumor histotype which lacks effective targeted therapies, thereby being considered as the most aggressive form of breast carcinoma. To identify novel compounds which could counteract TNBC cell growth, we explored the in vitro effects of crude extracts and <10 kDa-filtered fractions of the coelomic fluid obtained from the sea urchin Arbacia lixula on TNBC MDA-MB231 cells. We examined cell viability, cycle distribution, apoptotic/autophagic activity, and mitochondrial polarization/cell redox status. Here, we report the first data demonstrating an anti-TNBC effect by A. lixula-derived coelomic fluid extracts. Thus, identification of the water-soluble bioactive component(s) contained in the extracts deserve(s) further investigation aimed to devise novel promising prevention and/or treatment agents effective against highly malignant breast tumors.
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Colhado Rodrigues BL, Lallo MA, Perez EC. The Controversial Role of Autophagy in Tumor Development: A Systematic Review. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:386-396. [PMID: 31726897 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1682600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a natural regulatory mechanism of the cell that eliminates unnecessary and dysfunctional cellular components to maintain homeostasis. Several authors have demonstrated that this mechanism can be induced by pathological conditions as cancer. However, their role in tumor development is still a controversial issue in cancer research. Here, we discussed the most relevant findings concerning autophagy in tumor development. In this critical review performed with studies published between 2002 and 2018, we found that the main pathway involved in the autophagy process is the PI3K/AKT/mTOR intracellular signaling pathway. Regarding their role in cancer development, breast cancer is the main study target, followed by lung, prostate and colon cancer. In these issues, 46% of the works consulted suggesting that autophagy inhibits tumor progression by favor a better antitumor response, 4% suggest that favors growth and tumor progression and, 50% of the authors failed to establish whether autophagy inhibits or favors tumor development. Herein, we concluded that depending on the study model, autophagy may favor or inhibits growth and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridilla Luiza Colhado Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Anete Lallo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Cristina Perez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cytotoxic Potential of the Coelomic Fluid Extracted from the Sea Cucumber Holothuria tubulosa against Triple-Negative MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040076. [PMID: 31600896 PMCID: PMC6955747 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that the extracts of different holothurian species exert beneficial effects on human health. Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are highly malignant tumors that present a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective targeted therapies. In the attempt to identify novel compounds that might counteract TNBC cell growth, we studied the effect of the exposure of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB231 to total and filtered aqueous extracts of the coelomic fluid obtained from the sea cucumber Holoturia tubulosa, a widespread species in the Mediterranean Sea. In particular, we examined cell viability and proliferative behaviour, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial metabolic/cell redox state. The results obtained indicate that both total and fractionated extracts are potent inhibitors of TNBC cell viability and growth, acting through both an impairment of cell cycle progression and mitochondrial transmembrane potential and a stimulation of cellular autophagy, as demonstrated by the increase of the acidic vesicular organelles and of the intracellular protein markers beclin-1, and total LC3 and LC3-II upon early exposure to the preparations. Identification of the water-soluble bioactive component(s) present in the extract merit further investigation aiming to develop novel prevention and/or treatment agents efficacious against highly metastatic breast carcinomas.
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Autophagy: A Player in response to Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5692958. [PMID: 31467633 PMCID: PMC6701339 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5692958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway activated in response to different cellular stressors, such as damaged organelles, accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, ER stress, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage. Some DNA damage sensors like FOXO3a, ATM, ATR, and p53 are known to be important autophagy regulators, and autophagy seems therefore to have a role in DNA damage response (DDR). Recent studies have partly clarified the pathways that induce autophagy during DDR, but its precise role is still not well known. Previous studies have shown that autophagy alterations induce an increase in DNA damage and in the occurrence of tumor and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its fundamental role in the maintenance of genomic stability. During DDR, autophagy could act as a source of energy to maintain cell cycle arrest and to sustain DNA repair activities. In addition, autophagy seems to play a role in the degradation of components involved in the repair machinery. In this paper, molecules which are able to induce oxidative stress and/or DNA damage have been selected and their toxic and genotoxic effects on the U937 cell line have been assessed in the presence of the single compounds and in concurrence with an inhibitor (chloroquine) or an inducer (rapamycin) of autophagy. Our data seem to corroborate the fundamental role of this pathway in response to direct and indirect DNA-damaging agents. The inhibition of autophagy through chloroquine had no effect on the genotoxicity induced by the tested compounds, but it led to a high increase of cytotoxicity. The induction of autophagy, through cotreatment with rapamycin, reduced the genotoxic activity of the compounds. The present study confirms the cytoprotective role of autophagy during DDR; its inhibition can sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. The modulation of this pathway could therefore be an innovative approach able to reduce the toxicity of many compounds and to enhance the activity of others, including anticancer drugs.
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Ferro F, Servais S, Besson P, Roger S, Dumas JF, Brisson L. Autophagy and mitophagy in cancer metabolic remodelling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:129-138. [PMID: 31154012 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in tumours is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer, participating both in tumour growth and cancer progression. Cancer cells develop global metabolic adaptations allowing them to survive in the low oxygen and nutrient tumour microenvironment. Among these metabolic adaptations, cancer cells use glycolysis but also mitochondrial oxidations to produce ATP and building blocks needed for their high proliferation rate. Another particular adaptation of cancer cell metabolism is the use of autophagy and specific forms of autophagy like mitophagy to recycle intracellular components in condition of metabolic stress or during anticancer treatments. The plasticity of cancer cell metabolism is a major limitation of anticancer treatments and could participate to therapy resistances. The aim of this review is to report recent advances in the understanding of the relationship between tumour metabolism and autophagy/mitophagy in order to propose new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferro
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Servais
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Besson
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Dumas
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.
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20
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Thirupathi A, Chang YZ. Role of AMPK and its molecular intermediates in subjugating cancer survival mechanism. Life Sci 2019; 227:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Liu Y, Liu W, Huang J, Lai W, Leng F, Hu C, Zhang Q, Zhou M, Tang Q, Sheng F, Li G, Zhang R. Cu2-xSe nanoparticles enhance the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin by inhibiting autophagic degradation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To confirm Cu2-xSe nanoparticles (NPs) could inhibit autophagic degradation and based on this property to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Materials & methods: Transmission electronic microscopy and confocal laser-scanning microscope were used to observe the accumulation of autophagosome. Western blot was used to investigate the expression of autophagy-associated proteins. Chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin was cotreatment with Cu2-xSe in vivo and in vitro to study therapeutic efficacy of autophagy caused by Cu2-xSe NPs. Results & conclusion: Cu2-xSe NPs significantly induce autophagosome accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and they mainly inhibit the late-stage autophagy degradation through reducing lysosomal cathepsin activity. Moreover, Cu2-xSe NPs enhance the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin in vivo and in vitro through blocking autophagosome degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Faning Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Fangfang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
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Onoe-Takahashi A, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Ochiai T, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. Autophagy inhibitors regulate TRAIL sensitivity in human malignant cells by targeting the mitochondrial network and calcium dynamics. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1734-1746. [PMID: 30896851 PMCID: PMC6438429 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a variety of cancer cell types, the pharmacological and genetic blockade of autophagy increases apoptosis induced by various anticancer drugs. These observations suggest that autophagy counteracts drug-induced apoptosis. We previously reported that in human melanoma and osteosarcoma cells, autophagy inhibitors, such as 3-methyladenine and chloroquine increased the sensitivity to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In the present study, we report that different autophagy inhibitors regulate the mitochondrial network and calcium (Ca2+) dynamics in these cells. We found that compared to tumor cells, normal fibroblasts were more resistant to the cytotoxicity of TRAIL and autophagy inhibitors used either alone or in combination. Notably, TRAIL increased the autophagic flux in the tumor cells, but not in the fibroblasts. Live-cell imaging revealed that in tumor cells, TRAIL evoked modest mitochondrial fragmentation, while subtoxic concentrations of the autophagy inhibitors led to mitochondrial fusion. Co-treatment with TRAIL and subtoxic concentrations of the autophagy inhibitors resulted in severe mitochondrial fragmentation, swelling and clustering, similar to what was observed with autophagy inhibitors at toxic concentrations. The enhanced aberration of the mitochondrial network was preceded by a reduction in mitochondrial Ca2+ loading and store-operated Ca2+ entry. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that co-treatment with TRAIL and autophagy inhibitors leads to increased mitochondrial Ca2+ and network dysfunction in a tumor-selective manner. Therefore, the co-administration of TRAIL and autophagy inhibitors may prove to be a promising tumor-targeting approach for the treatment of TRAIL-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Onoe-Takahashi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173‑8610, Japan
| | | | | | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo 101‑8309, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173‑8610, Japan
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23
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Zhang M, Zhang W, Tang G, Wang H, Wu M, Yu W, Zhou Z, Mou Y, Liu X. Targeted Codelivery of Docetaxel and Atg7 siRNA for Autophagy Inhibition and Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1168-1176. [PMID: 35021365 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaozun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Guping Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Hebin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Weiming Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315041, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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Lin X, Peng Z, Wang X, Zou J, Chen D, Chen Z, Li Z, Dong B, Gao J, Shen L. Targeting autophagy potentiates antitumor activity of Met-TKIs against Met-amplified gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:139. [PMID: 30760701 PMCID: PMC6374362 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Met-TKIs) subjected to ongoing clinical trials are a promising option for Met-amplified gastric cancer (GC), but how to optimize their antitumor activity especially with combination schemes remains unclear. Since autophagy is known to be initiated by Met-TKIs, we investigated its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of Met-TKIs combined with autophagy inhibitors against Met-amplified GC. As expected, four Met-TKIs induced autophagy in Met-amplified GC cells marked by p62 degradation, LC3-II accumulation and increased LC3-positive puncta. Autophagy flux activation by Met-TKIs was further validated with combined lysosomal inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Molecular investigations reveal that autophagy induction along with mTOR and ULK1 de-phosphorylation upon Met-TKI treatment could be relieved by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and mTOR agonist MHY1485 (MHY), suggesting that autophagy was initiated by Met-TKIs via Met/mTOR/ULK1 cascade. Intriguingly, Met-TKIs further suppressed cell survival and tumor growth in the presence of autophagy blockade in Met-amplified GC preclinical models. Thus, these findings indicate Met/mTOR/ULK1 cascade responsible for Met-TKI-mediated autophagy and Met-TKIs combined with autophagy inhibitors as a promising choice to treat Met-amplified GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jianling Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Dongshao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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25
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Sun WL, Wang L, Luo J, Zhu HW, Cai ZW. Ambra1 modulates the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to epirubicin by regulating autophagy via ATG12. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3129-3138. [PMID: 30027574 PMCID: PMC6172055 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of breast cancer cells to epirubicin (EPI) is closely related to the efficacy of the drug and the prognosis of patients. A growing body of research has suggested that autophagy is involved in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, and modifies the sensitivity of anticancer drugs. However, the mechanism by which autophagy participates in cancer therapy and modulates drug sensitivity has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that the expression of Autophagy/Beclin 1 regulator 1 (Ambra1), a key protein of autophagy, was negatively correlated with EPI sensitivity in breast cancer cells. In addition, it altered the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EPI by regulating EPI-induced autophagy. As a potential mechanism, we demonstrated that autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12) was a downstream protein that Ambra1-regulated EPI-induced autophagy. Therefore, Ambra1 plays an important role in regulating the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EPI. And the regulatory effect of Ambra1 on EPI sensitivity is achieved through the regulation of autophagy by targeting ATG12. Overall, we propose a novel mechanism by which autophagy modulates the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EPI. ATG12 is a novel targeting protein of Ambra1 in regulating EPI-induced autophagy. In addition, the important role of Ambra1 in modulating the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EPI is confirmed in vivo. This finding indicates that Ambra1 might be a target for developing breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua-Wei Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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26
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Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Hu J, Liu Z, Jin H, Zhang L, Zhang L. Calcium-Mobilizing Behaviors of Neutral Cyclic ADP-Ribose Mimics that Integrate Modifications to the Nucleobase, Northern Ribose and Pyrophosphate. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1444-1451. [PMID: 29633462 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) is an endogenous Ca2+ mobilizer involved in diverse cellular processes. Mimics of cADPR play a crucial role in investigating the molecular mechanism(s) of cADPR-mediated signaling. Here, compound 3, a mimic of cADPR in which a neutral triazole moiety and an ether linkage were introduced to substitute the pyrophosphate and "northern" ribose components, respectively, was synthesized for the first time. The pharmacological activities in Jurkat cells indicated that this mimic is capable of penetrating plasma membrane and inciting Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the action of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and triggering Ca2+ influx. Furthermore, a uridine moiety was introduced in place of adenine and the new cADPR mimics 4 and 5 were synthesized. The results of biological investigation showed that these mimics also targeted RyRs and retained moderate Ca2+ agonistic activities. The results indicated that the neutral cADPR mimics had the same targets for inducing Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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27
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Ito T, Ando T, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Tokunaga T, Yoshida Y, Ochiai T, Tokuhashi Y, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. Cold PSM, but not TRAIL, triggers autophagic cell death: A therapeutic advantage of PSM over TRAIL. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:503-514. [PMID: 29845256 PMCID: PMC6017219 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and cold plasma-stimulated medium (PSM) are promising novel anticancer tools due to their strong anticancer activities and high tumor-selectivity. The present study demonstrated that PSM and TRAIL may trigger autophagy in human malignant melanoma and osteosarcoma cells. Live-cell imaging revealed that even under nutritional and stress-free conditions, these cells possessed a substantial level of autophagosomes, which were localized in the cytoplasm separately from tubular mitochondria. In response to cytotoxic levels of PSM, the mitochondria became highly fragmented, and aggregated and colocalized with the autophagosomes. The cytotoxic effects of PSM were suppressed in response to various pharmacological autophagy inhibitors, including 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1, thus indicating the induction of autophagic cell death (ACD). Lethal levels of PSM also resulted in non-apoptotic, non-autophagic cell death in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner under certain circumstances. Furthermore, TRAIL exhibited only a modest cytotoxicity toward these tumor cells, and did not induce ACD and mitochondrial aberration. The combined use of TRAIL and subtoxic concentrations of 3-MA resulted in decreased basal autophagy, increased mitochondrial aberration, colocalization with autophagosomes and apoptosis. These results indicated that PSM may induce ACD, whereas TRAIL may trigger cytoprotective autophagy that compromises apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that PSM can induce ACD in human cancer cells. These findings provide a rationale for the advantage of PSM over TRAIL in the destruction of apoptosis-resistant melanoma and osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takashi Ando
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Miki Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tokunaga
- Division of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tokuhashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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28
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Gong C, Hu C, Gu F, Xia Q, Yao C, Zhang L, Qiang L, Gao S, Gao Y. Co-delivery of autophagy inhibitor ATG7 siRNA and docetaxel for breast cancer treatment. J Control Release 2017; 266:272-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Patil R, Kulshrestha A, Tikoo A, Fleetwood S, Katara G, Kolli B, Seibel W, Gilman-Sachs A, Patil SA, Beaman KD. Identification of Novel Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives as Anticancer Vacuolar (H⁺)-ATPase Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091559. [PMID: 28926955 PMCID: PMC6151825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) are a family of ATP-driven proton pumps and they have been associated with cancer invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Despite the clear involvement of V-ATPases in cancer, the therapeutic use of V-ATPase-targeting small molecules has not reached human clinical trials to date. Thus, V-ATPases are emerging as important targets for the identification of potential novel therapeutic agents. We identified a bisbenzimidazole derivative (V) as an initial hit from a similarity search using four known V-ATPase inhibitors (I–IV). Based on the initial hit (V), we designed and synthesized a focused set of novel bisbenzimidazole analogs (2a–e). All newly prepared compounds have been screened for selected human breast cancer (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7) and ovarian cancer (A2780, Cis-A2780, and PA-1) cell lines, along with the normal breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A. The bisbenzimidazole derivative (2e) is active against all cell lines tested. Remarkably, it demonstrated high cytotoxicity against the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-468 (IC50 = 0.04 ± 0.02 μM). Additionally, it has been shown to inhibit the V-ATPase pump that is mainly responsible for acidification. To the best of our knowledge the bisbenzimidazole pharmacophore has been identified as the first V-ATPase inhibitor in its class. These results strongly suggest that the compound 2e could be further developed as a potential anticancer V-ATPase inhibitor for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renukadevi Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Anjali Tikoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Gajendra Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Bala Kolli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - William Seibel
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Shivaputra A Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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30
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Ravanan P, Srikumar IF, Talwar P. Autophagy: The spotlight for cellular stress responses. Life Sci 2017; 188:53-67. [PMID: 28866100 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular mechanism which plays "housekeeping" role in normal physiological processes including removing of long lived, aggregated and misfolded proteins, clearing damaged organelles, growth regulation and aging. Autophagy is also involved in a variety of biological functions like development, cellular differentiation, defense against pathogens and nutritional starvation. The integration of autophagy into these biological functions and other stress responses is determined by the transcriptional factors that undertake the regulatory mechanism. This review discusses the machinery of autophagy, the molecular web that connects autophagy to various stress responses like inflammation, hypoxia, ER stress, and various other pathologic conditions. Defects in autophagy regulation play a central role in number of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, pathogen infection and metabolic diseases. Similarly, inhibiting autophagy would contribute in the treatment of cancer. However, understanding the biology of autophagy regulation requires pharmacologically active compounds which modulate the autophagy process. Inducers of autophagy are currently receiving considerable attention as autophagy upregulation may be a therapeutic benefit for certain neurodegenerative diseases (via removal of protein aggregates) while the inhibitors are being investigated for the treatment of cancers. Both induction and inhibition of autophagy have been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer. This dual role of autophagy in cancers is now getting uncovered by the advancement in the research findings and development of effective autophagy modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India.
| | - Ida Florance Srikumar
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India
| | - Priti Talwar
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India
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31
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Chung SJ, Nagaraju GP, Nagalingam A, Muniraj N, Kuppusamy P, Walker A, Woo J, Győrffy B, Gabrielson E, Saxena NK, Sharma D. ADIPOQ/adiponectin induces cytotoxic autophagy in breast cancer cells through STK11/LKB1-mediated activation of the AMPK-ULK1 axis. Autophagy 2017; 13:1386-1403. [PMID: 28696138 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1332565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ADIPOQ/adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes in the breast tumor microenvironment, negatively regulates cancer cell growth hence increased levels of ADIPOQ/adiponectin are associated with decreased breast cancer growth. However, its mechanisms of action remain largely elusive. We report that ADIPOQ/adiponectin induces a robust accumulation of autophagosomes, increases MAP1LC3B-II/LC3B-II and decreases SQSTM1/p62 in breast cancer cells. ADIPOQ/adiponectin-treated cells and xenografts exhibit increased expression of autophagy-related proteins. LysoTracker Red-staining and tandem-mCherry-GFP-LC3B assay show that fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes is augmented upon ADIPOQ/adiponectin treatment. ADIPOQ/adiponectin significantly inhibits breast cancer growth and induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, and these events are preceded by macroautophagy/autophagy, which is integral for ADIPOQ/adiponectin-mediated cell death. Accordingly, blunting autophagosome formation, blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion or genetic-knockout of BECN1/Beclin1 and ATG7 effectively impedes ADIPOQ/adiponectin induced growth-inhibition and apoptosis-induction. Mechanistic studies show that ADIPOQ/adiponectin reduces intracellular ATP levels and increases PRKAA1 phosphorylation leading to ULK1 activation. AMPK-inhibition abrogates ADIPOQ/adiponectin-induced ULK1-activation, LC3B-turnover and SQSTM1/p62-degradation while AMPK-activation potentiates ADIPOQ/adiponectin's effects. Further, ADIPOQ/adiponectin-mediated AMPK-activation and autophagy-induction are regulated by upstream master-kinase STK11/LKB1, which is a key node in antitumor function of ADIPOQ/adiponectin as STK11/LKB1-knockout abrogates ADIPOQ/adiponectin-mediated inhibition of breast tumorigenesis and molecular analyses of tumors corroborate in vitro mechanistic findings. ADIPOQ/adiponectin increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Notably, high expression of ADIPOQ receptor ADIPOR2, ADIPOQ/adiponectin and BECN1 significantly correlates with increased overall survival in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients. Collectively, these data uncover that ADIPOQ/adiponectin induces autophagic cell death in breast cancer and provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for the integral role of STK11/LKB1-AMPK-ULK1 axis in ADIPOQ/adiponectin-mediated cytotoxic autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J Chung
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | | | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Panjamurthy Kuppusamy
- c Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Alyssa Walker
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- d MTA TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group , Budapest , Hungary.,e Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ed Gabrielson
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- c Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Dipali Sharma
- a Department of Oncology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , MD , USA
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32
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Abstract
Autophagy represents a catabolic program involved in the degradation of cellular components via lysosomes. It serves to mitigate cellular stress and to provide metabolic precursors especially upon starvation. Thereby, autophagy can support the survival of cancer cells. In addition, there is now convincing evidence showing that under certain conditions autophagy can also foster cell death. This dual function of autophagy is also relevant upon anticancer treatment, as many chemotherapeutic agents engage autophagy. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are critical for mediating autophagic cell death in cancer cells will be instrumental to selectively interfere with this cellular program in order to increase the cancer cell’s response to cytotoxic drugs. This review illustrates how anticancer drug-induced autophagy is involved in mediating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Guo W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zheng H. Inhibiting autophagy increases epirubicin's cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1610-1621. [PMID: 27560771 PMCID: PMC5132286 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrinotherapy are documented to induce autophagy among breast cancer cells, but the role of autophagy in this disease has been attributed as cytoprotective as well as tumor-suppressing. Thus we studied MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines treated with epirubicin (EPI) to assess autophagy and apoptosis. We found out that EPI induced apoptosis and autophagy in both cell lines. The lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 inhibited cellular autophagy and enhanced EPI-triggered apoptosis, perhaps due to inhibition of autolysosome formation, which then inhibited autophagic effects of engulfing and clearing damaged mitochondria. This inhibition increased mitochondrial cytochrome C release which augmented epirubicin-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and cytotoxicity. In addition, the lysosomal neutralizing agent ammonia chloride (AC), and Atg7 knockdown by siRNA, could inhibit epirubicin-triggered autophagy, enhance cytotoxicity, and increase caspase-9- and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Thus, autophagy plays a prosurvival role in EPI-treated MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells, and autophagy inhibition can potentially reverse this effect and increase the cytotoxicity of EPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of CancerWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of CancerWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of CancerWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of CancerWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hong Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of CancerWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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