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Kulshrestha A, Katara GK, Ibrahim SA, Riehl VE, Schneiderman S, Bilal M, Young AN, Levine S, Fleetwood S, Dolan J, Gilman-Sachs A, Beaman KD. In vivo anti-V-ATPase antibody treatment delays ovarian tumor growth by increasing antitumor immune responses. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2436-2454. [PMID: 32797726 PMCID: PMC7530789 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor acidity is the key metabolic feature promoting cancer progression and is modulated by pH regulators on a cancer cell's surface that pump out excess protons/lactic acid for cancer cell survival. Neutralizing tumor acidity improves the therapeutic efficacy of current treatments including immunotherapies. Vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pumps encompass unique plasma membrane-associated subunit isoforms, making this molecule an important target for anticancer therapy. Here, we examined the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of an antibody (a2v-mAB) targeting specific V-ATPase-'V0a2' surface isoform in controlling ovarian tumor growth. In vitro a2v-mAb treatment inhibited the proton pump activity in ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells. In vivo intraperitoneal a2v-mAb treatment drastically delayed ovarian tumor growth with no measurable in vivo toxicity in a transplant tumor model. To explore the possible mechanism causing delayed tumor growth, histochemical analysis of the a2v-mAb-treated tumor tissues displayed high immune cell infiltration (M1-macrophages, neutrophils, CD103+ cells, and NK cells) and an enhanced antitumor response (iNOS, IFN-y, IL-1α) compared to control. There was marked decrease in CA-125-positive cancer cells and an enhanced active caspase-3 expression in a2v-mAb-treated tumors. RNA-seq analysis of a2v-mAb tumor tissues further revealed upregulation of apoptosis-related and toll-like receptor pathway-related genes. Indirect coculture of a2v-mAb-treated OVCA cells with human PBMCs in an unbuffered medium led to an enhanced gene expression of antitumor molecules IFN-y, IL-17, and IL-12-A in PBMCs, further validating the in vivo antitumor responses. In conclusion, V-ATPase inhibition using a monoclonal antibody directed against the V0a2 isoform increases antitumor immune responses and could therefore constitute an effective treatment strategy in OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Safaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Valerie E Riehl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sylvia Schneiderman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahmood Bilal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandria N Young
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shayna Levine
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Dolan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer cell biology, Immunology and infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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Gallagher ZJ, Fleetwood S, Kirley TL, Shaw MA, Mullins ES, Ayres N, Foster EJ. Heparin Mimic Material Derived from Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1103-1111. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra J. Gallagher
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Terence L. Kirley
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Maureen A. Shaw
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Eric S. Mullins
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Neil Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - E. Johan Foster
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202900.].
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Kang H, Graybill PM, Fleetwood S, Boreyko JB, Jung S. Seasonal changes in morphology govern wettability of Katsura leaves. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202900. [PMID: 30260963 PMCID: PMC6159866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciduous broad-leaf trees survive and prepare for winter by shedding their leaves in fall. During the fall season, a change in a leaf’s wettability and its impact on the leaf-fall are not well understood. In this study, we measure the surface morphology and wettability of Katsura leaves from the summer to winter, and reveal how leaf structural changes lead to wettability changes. The averaged contact angle of leaves decreases from 147° to 124° while the contact-angle hysteresis significantly increases by about 35°, which are attributed to dehydration and erosion of nano-wax. Due to such wettability changes, fall brown leaves support approximately 17 times greater water volume than summer leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Graybill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Jonathan B. Boreyko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Sunghwan Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sahoo M, Katara GK, Bilal MY, Ibrahim SA, Kulshrestha A, Fleetwood S, Suzue K, Beaman KD. Hematopoietic stem cell specific V-ATPase controls breast cancer progression and metastasis via cytotoxic T cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33215-33231. [PMID: 30237863 PMCID: PMC6145706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of recruited immune effector cells and cancer cells within tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the fate of cancer progression and metastasis. Many cancers including breast cancer, express a specific vacuolar ATPase (a2V) on their cell surface which acidifies the extracellular milieu helping cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. To understand the role of immune cell-associated-a2V during breast tumor pathogenesis, we knocked-out a2V (KO) from the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and generated breast tumors in mice. The a2V-KO mice developed faster growing, larger, and metastatic breast tumors compared to control mice. Further investigation of the TME revealed a significant reduction in the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the a2V-KO tumors. Targeted RNA-Seq of the cells of the TME demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines, death receptors, death receptor ligands, and cytotoxic effectors were significantly down-regulated within the a2V-KO TME. Interestingly, analysis of immune cells in the blood, spleen, and thymus of the non-tumor bearing a2V-KO mice revealed a significant decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. For the first time, this study demonstrates that inhibition of V-ATPase expression in HSC leads to a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations and thus promotes breast tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahmood Y Bilal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Safaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimiko Suzue
- Department of Pathology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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Sahoo M, Katara GK, Bilal MY, Fleetwood S, Kulshrestha A, Ibrahim SA, Beaman KD. Abstract 3785: Loss of vacuolar ATPase in hematopoietic stem cells promotes breast tumor progression and pathogenesis. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is expressed intracellularly on vesicular membranes, and controls intracellular pH and acidification of various intracellular vesicles. Most cancer cells express V-ATPase on their cell surface where they appear to acidify the extracellular environment and help cancer cells to metastasize. We have previously demonstrated that the a2 isoform of V-ATPase (a2V) of mammary epithelial cells plays a key role during breast tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of a2V of hematopoietic stem cells during breast tumor pathogenesis is not known. Therefore, to understand the role of a2V in hematopoietic stem cells during breast tumor progression, we conditionally knocked out a2V (cKO) from the hematopoietic stem cells of mice. We observed that deletion of a2V leads to a significant reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the periphery and spleen of the a2V cKO mice compared to control mice. We hypothesized that reduction of helper CD4+ cells, or cytotoxic CD8+ T cells would result in larger and faster-growing tumors in the a2V-cKO mice. After implantation of a syngeneic tumor cell line (E0771) in the breast tissue of mice, we observed that deletion of a2V led to larger and faster-growing breast tumors compared to control mice. Further investigation of the tumor microenvironment revealed that there was a significant reduction in percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the a2V-cKO mice compared to control mice. Targeted RNAseq of tumor microenvironment demonstrated that out of 499 genes that were analyzed, only 3 genes were significantly upregulated while 144 genes were significantly downregulated in the a2V cKO mice. The 144 downregulated genes included genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines, T cell specific genes, death receptors and proapoptotic genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that deletion of a2V from the hematopoietic stem cells leads to a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the periphery, which results in a faster-growing and larger breast tumor. Further study is needed to understand the relative contribution of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells during breast tumor pathogenesis.
Citation Format: Manoranjan Sahoo, Gajendra K. Katara, Mahamood Y. Bilal, Sara Fleetwood, Arpita Kulshrestha, Safaa A. Ibrahim, Kenneth D. Beaman. Loss of vacuolar ATPase in hematopoietic stem cells promotes breast tumor progression and pathogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Sahoo
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | | | - Mahamood Y. Bilal
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | | | - Safaa A. Ibrahim
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Kenneth D. Beaman
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
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Sahoo M, Katara GK, Bilal MY, Kulshrestha A, Ibrahim SA, Fleetwood S, Beaman KD. Absence of vacuolar ATPase in hematopoietic stem cells promotes breast tumor progression and pathogenesis. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.177.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is expressed on surface of most cancer cells where it acidifies the extracellular milieu and promotes metastasis. We have previously demonstrated that the a2 isoform of V-ATPase (a2V) of mammary epithelial cells, plays a key role during breast tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of a2V in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) during breast tumor progression is not known. Therefore, to understand the role of a2V in HSC during breast tumor progression, we conditionally knocked out a2V (cKO) from the HSC of mice. We observed that deletion of a2V leads to a significant reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen of the a2V cKO mice compared to control mice. We hypothesized that the reduction of helper CD4+ cells, or cytotoxic CD8+ T cells would result in larger and faster growing tumors in the a2V-cKO mice. After implantation of a syngeneic tumor cell line (E0771) in the breast tissue of mice, we observed that lack of a2V leads to larger and faster growing breast tumors compared to controls. Further investigation of the tumor microenvironment revealed that there was a significant reduction in percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the a2V-cKO mice compared to control mice. Targeted RNAseq of the tumor microenvironment demonstrated that out of 499 genes those were analyzed, only 3 genes were significantly upregulated while 144 genes were significantly downregulated in the a2V cKO mice. The 144 downregulated genes included genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines, T cell specific genes, death receptors and pro-apoptotic genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that deletion of a2V from the HSC leads to a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the periphery, which results in a faster growing and larger breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Fleetwood
- 1Chicago Med. Sch., Rosalind Franklin Univ. of Med. and Sci
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Patil R, Kulshrestha A, Tikoo A, Fleetwood S, Katara G, Kolli B, Seibel W, Gilman-Sachs A, Patil SA, Beaman KD. Identification of Novel Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives as Anticancer Vacuolar (H⁺)-ATPase Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091559. [PMID: 28926955 PMCID: PMC6151825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) are a family of ATP-driven proton pumps and they have been associated with cancer invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Despite the clear involvement of V-ATPases in cancer, the therapeutic use of V-ATPase-targeting small molecules has not reached human clinical trials to date. Thus, V-ATPases are emerging as important targets for the identification of potential novel therapeutic agents. We identified a bisbenzimidazole derivative (V) as an initial hit from a similarity search using four known V-ATPase inhibitors (I–IV). Based on the initial hit (V), we designed and synthesized a focused set of novel bisbenzimidazole analogs (2a–e). All newly prepared compounds have been screened for selected human breast cancer (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7) and ovarian cancer (A2780, Cis-A2780, and PA-1) cell lines, along with the normal breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A. The bisbenzimidazole derivative (2e) is active against all cell lines tested. Remarkably, it demonstrated high cytotoxicity against the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-468 (IC50 = 0.04 ± 0.02 μM). Additionally, it has been shown to inhibit the V-ATPase pump that is mainly responsible for acidification. To the best of our knowledge the bisbenzimidazole pharmacophore has been identified as the first V-ATPase inhibitor in its class. These results strongly suggest that the compound 2e could be further developed as a potential anticancer V-ATPase inhibitor for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renukadevi Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Anjali Tikoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Gajendra Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Bala Kolli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - William Seibel
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Shivaputra A Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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Pamarthy S, Mao L, Katara GK, Fleetwood S, Kulshreshta A, Gilman-Sachs A, Beaman KD. The V-ATPase a2 isoform controls mammary gland development through Notch and TGF-β signaling. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2443. [PMID: 27809299 PMCID: PMC5260869 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among all tissues and organs, the mammary gland is unique because most of its development occurs in adulthood. Notch signaling has a major role in mammary gland development and has been implicated in breast cancer. The vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a proton pump responsible for the regulation and control of pH in intracellular vesicles and the extracellular milieu. We have previously reported that a2V-ATPase (a2V), an isoform of ‘a' subunit of V-ATPase, regulates processing of Notch receptor and alters Notch signaling in breast cancer. To study the role of a2V in mammary gland development, we generated an a2V-KO model (conditional mammary knockout a2V mouse strain). During normal mammary gland development, the basal level expression of a2V increased from puberty, virginity, and pregnancy through the lactation stage and then decreased during involution. Litters of a2V-KO mice weighed significantly less when compared with litters from wild-type mice and showed reduced expression of the lactation marker β-casein. Whole-mount analysis of mammary glands demonstrated impaired ductal elongation and bifurcation in a2V-KO mice. Consequently, we found disintegrated mammary epithelium as seen by basal and luminal epithelial staining, although the rate of proliferation remained unchanged. Delayed mammary morphogenesis in a2V-KO mice was associated with aberrant activation of Notch and TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) pathways. Notably, Hey1 (hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif) and Smad2, the key downstream mediators of Notch and TGF-β pathways, respectively, were upregulated in a2V-KO mice and also in human mammary epithelial cells treated with a2V siRNA. Taken together, our results show that a2V deficiency disrupts the endolysosomal route in Notch and TGF signaling, thereby impairing mammary gland development. Our findings have broader implications in developmental and oncogenic cellular environments where V-ATPase, Notch and TGF-β are crucial for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithi Pamarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Liquin Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Arpita Kulshreshta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Williams JD, Fleetwood S, Berroyer A, Kim N, Larson ED. Sites of instability in the human TCF3 (E2A) gene adopt G-quadruplex DNA structures in vitro. Front Genet 2015; 6:177. [PMID: 26029241 PMCID: PMC4426816 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of highly stable four-stranded DNA, called G-quadruplex (G4), promotes site-specific genome instability. G4 DNA structures fold from repetitive guanine sequences, and increasing experimental evidence connects G4 sequence motifs with specific gene rearrangements. The human transcription factor 3 (TCF3) gene (also termed E2A) is subject to genetic instability associated with severe disease, most notably a common translocation event t(1;19) associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The sites of instability in TCF3 are not randomly distributed, but focused to certain sequences. We asked if G4 DNA formation could explain why TCF3 is prone to recombination and mutagenesis. Here we demonstrate that sequences surrounding the major t(1;19) break site and a region associated with copy number variations both contain G4 sequence motifs. The motifs identified readily adopt G4 DNA structures that are stable enough to interfere with DNA synthesis in physiological salt conditions in vitro. When introduced into the yeast genome, TCF3 G4 motifs promoted gross chromosomal rearrangements in a transcription-dependent manner. Our results provide a molecular rationale for the site-specific instability of human TCF3, suggesting that G4 DNA structures contribute to oncogenic DNA breaks and recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University Normal, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra Berroyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University Normal, IL, USA
| | - Nayun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik D Larson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University Normal, IL, USA
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