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Wei LJ, Fu J, Yang HX, Yang X, Liang HY, Luo RZ, Liu LL. Evaluation of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:655. [PMID: 39004706 PMCID: PMC11247755 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a viable therapeutic option for women diagnosed locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). However, the factors influencing pathological response are still controversial. We collected pair specimens of 185 LACC patients before and after receiving NACT and conducted histological evaluation. 8 fresh tissues pre-treatment were selected from the entire cohort to conducted immune gene expression profiling. A novel pathological grading system was established by comprehensively assessing the percentages of viable tumor, inflammatory stroma, fibrotic stroma, and necrosis in the tumor bed. Then, 185 patients were categorized into either the good pathological response (GPR) group or the poor pathological response (PPR) group post-NACT, with 134 patients (72.4%, 134/185) achieving GPR. Increasing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes volume (TILV) pre-treatment were correlated with GPR, with TILV emerging as an independent predictive factor for GPR. Additionally, CIBERSORT analysis revealed noteworthy differences in the expression of immune makers between cPR and non-cPR group. Furthermore, a significantly heightened density of CD8 + T cells and a reduced density of FOXP3 + T cells were observed in GPR than PPR. Importantly, patients exhibiting GPR or inflammatory type demonstrated improved overall survival and disease-free survival. Notably, stromal type was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Our study indicates the elevated TILV in pre-treatment specimens may predict a favorable response to NACT, while identifying stromal type in post-treatment specimens as an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, we proposed this pathological grading system in NACT patients, which may offer a more comprehensive understanding of treatment response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# Dong Feng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# Dong Feng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# Dong Feng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# Dong Feng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# Dong Feng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# Dong Feng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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Kono K, Nakajima S, Mimura K. Biomarker-oriented chemo-immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:865-872. [PMID: 38647874 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The biomarker-oriented chemo-immunotherapy is useful and promising in the development of new anticancer agents, since the responders can be enriched by selecting patients with biomarkers. Compared to colorectal and lung cancers, the development of biomarker-driven molecular-targeted therapeutics for gastric cancers has been straggled. However, several new biomarkers in gastric cancers have been discovered and clinical trials in enrichment design with certain biomarkers have been conducted. Therefore, there are currently several treatment options to treat gastric cancer patients based on individual biomarker-oriented strategies. In the present review, we describe the useful biomarkers in gastric cancer, with focusing on HER2, PD-L1, and Claudin18.2, in relation to their clinical significance and associated targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer and Regional Medical Support, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kosaku Mimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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Salminen A. The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:733-750. [PMID: 38600305 PMCID: PMC11106179 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Senescent cells are also commonly present in many age-related diseases and in the cancer microenvironment. The escape of abnormal cells from immune surveillance indicates that there is some defect in the function of cytotoxic immune cells, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies have revealed that the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein is abundantly increased in senescent cells. An increase in the amount of PD-L1 protein protects senescent cells from clearance by the PD-1 checkpoint receptor in cytotoxic immune cells. In fact, the activation of the PD-1 receptor suppresses the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ T and NK cells, promoting a state of immunosenescence. The inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway acts in cooperation with immunosuppressive cells; for example, activation of PD-1 receptor can enhance the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages, whereas the cytokines secreted by immunosuppressive cells stimulate the expression of the immunosuppressive PD-L1 protein. Interestingly, many signaling pathways known to promote cellular senescence and the aging process are crucial stimulators of the expression of PD-L1 protein, e.g., epigenetic regulation, inflammatory mediators, mTOR-related signaling, cGAS-STING pathway, and AhR signaling. It seems that the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis has a crucial role in the accumulation of senescent cells and thus it promotes the aging process in tissues. Thus, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling might be a potential anti-aging senolytic therapy. KEY MESSAGES: Senescent cells accumulate within tissues during aging and age-related diseases. Senescent cells are able to escape immune surveillance by cytotoxic immune cells. Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) markedly increases in senescent cells. Age-related signaling stimulates the expression of PD-L1 protein in senescent cells. Inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway suppresses clearance of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Tsai CL, Tang YH, Yang LY, Chao A, Wang CJ, Lin CY, Lai CH. Inhibition of nucleophosmin/B23 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to immune check-point blockade via PD-L1 in ovarian cancer. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00256-0. [PMID: 38821736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 have been approved as a promising treatment of many human cancers. However, the responses to these ICIs were limited in patients with ovarian cancer. Studies have indicated that the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade might be correlated with the PD-L1 expression level in cancer cells. Nucleophosmin (NPM/B23) was found to be a potential target for immunotherapy. Whether NPM/B23 plays a role in cancer-associated immunity, such as PD-1/PD-L1 axis, and its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown in ovarian cancer. METHODS We applied ovarian cancer cell lines as research models. The effect of modulating PD-L1 by NPM/B23 was subsequently confirmed via Western blot, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assays, and immunoprecipitation. Protein stability and ubiquitin assay assays were used to analyze the interplay between NPM/B23 and NF-ĸB/p65 in PD-L1 regulation. The MOSEC/Luc xenograft mouse model was used to validate the role of NPM/B23-PD-L1 through tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Our results revealed that NPM/B23 negatively regulates PD-L1 expression via a protein complex with NF-κB/p65 and through an IFN-γ pathway. Moreover, NPM/B23 inhibitor/modulator sensitized ovarian cancer cells to the anti-PD-1 antibody by regulating PD-L1 expression in the immunocompetent mouse model. Compared to anti-PD-1 antibody alone, a combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and NPM/B23 inhibitor/modulator showed reduced tumorigenesis and increased CD8+ T-cell expansion, thus contributing to prolonged survival on MOSEC/Luc-bearing mouse model. CONCLUSION Targeting NPM/B23 is a novel and potential therapeutic approach to sensitize ovarian cancer cells to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yan Yang
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Biostatics Unit, and Clinical Trial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Angel Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan.
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan.
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5
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Lin X, Kang K, Chen P, Zeng Z, Li G, Xiong W, Yi M, Xiang B. Regulatory mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancers. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:108. [PMID: 38762484 PMCID: PMC11102195 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion contributes to cancer growth and progression. Cancer cells have the ability to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions. The programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligands (PD-Ls) are considered to be the major immune checkpoint molecules. The interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 negatively regulates adaptive immune response mainly by inhibiting the activity of effector T cells while enhancing the function of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs), largely contributing to the maintenance of immune homeostasis that prevents dysregulated immunity and harmful immune responses. However, cancer cells exploit the PD-1/PD-L1 axis to cause immune escape in cancer development and progression. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 by neutralizing antibodies restores T cells activity and enhances anti-tumor immunity, achieving remarkable success in cancer therapy. Therefore, the regulatory mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancers have attracted an increasing attention. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the roles of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in human autoimmune diseases and cancers. We summarize all aspects of regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression and activity of PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancers, including genetic, epigenetic, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. In addition, we further summarize the progress in clinical research on the antitumor effects of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies alone and in combination with other therapeutic approaches, providing new strategies for finding new tumor markers and developing combined therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Kuan Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- Department of Dermotology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Deng P, Dong X, Wu Z, Hou X, Mao L, Guo J, Zhao W, Peng C, Zhang Z, Peng L. Development of Glycosylation-Modified DPPA-1 Compounds as Innovative PD-1/PD-L1 Blockers: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2024; 29:1898. [PMID: 38675717 PMCID: PMC11054459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of peptide drug development, glycosylation plays a pivotal role. Accordingly, L-type peptides were synthesized predicated upon the PD-1/PD-L1 blocker DPPA-1. Subsequent glycosylation resulted in the production of two distinct glycopeptides, D-glu-LPPA-1 and D-gal-LPPA-1, by using D-glucose (D-glu) and D-galactose (D-gal), respectively, during glycosylation. Both glycopeptides significantly inhibited the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, and the measured half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were 75.5 μM and 101.9 μM for D-glu-LPPA-1 and D-gal-LPPA-1, respectively. Furthermore, D-gal-LPPA-1 displayed a pronounced ability to restore T-cell functionality. In an MC38 tumor-bearing mouse model, D-gal-LPPA-1 demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect. Notably, D-gal-LPPA-1 substantially augmented the abundance and functionality of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, in the lymph nodes and spleens, D-gal-LPPA-1 significantly increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). These strong findings position D-gal-LPPA-1 as a potent enhancer of the antitumor immune response in MC38 tumor-bearing mice, underscoring its potential as a formidable PD-1/PD-L1 blocking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaodan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ziyuan Wu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xixi Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Longfei Mao
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China;
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Chune Peng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Sciences, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lizeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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Wang R, Zhao Y. Effects of Metformin on JNK Signaling Pathway and PD-L1 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:259-268. [PMID: 38585433 PMCID: PMC10998504 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s454960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Metformin has been shown to have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of metformin on the expression of programmed death protein ligand 1(PD-L1) and mechanisms in TNBC. Methods Mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 was co-cultured with metformin, and the effect of metformin on cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The effect of metformin on the expression of JNK, RSK2 and CREB was detected by MAPK pathway protein chip. BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells with knockdown/overexpression of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and administered with metformin. The weight of tumor tissue was observed at the end of the experiment. The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining and the level of INF-γwas quantitatively determined by ELISA. Results Metformin inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells and increased the phosphorylation of JNK to reduce the phosphorylation of RSK2 and CREB. Metformin and JNK knockdown reduced the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, but there was no significant difference in the weight of tumor tissue. Metformin can reduce the level of INF-γ in tumor tissues, but JNK has no effect. Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the expression of PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer mice and improve the tumor microenvironment, but does not reduce the size of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Chen M, Wang S. Preclinical development and clinical studies of targeted JAK/STAT combined Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111717. [PMID: 38387193 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) binds to its ligand to help tumours evade the immune system and promote tumour progression. Although anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies show powerful effects in some patients, most patients are unable to benefit from this treatment due to treatment resistance. Therefore, it is important to overcome tumour resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. There is substantial evidence suggesting that the JAK/STAT signalling pathway plays a significant role in PD-1/PD-L1 expression and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Herein, we describe the effects of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway on PD-1/PD-L1. Subsequently, the relationship between molecular mutations in the JAK/STAT signalling pathway and immune resistance was analysed. Finally, the latest advancements in drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway combined with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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9
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Liu WW, Zheng SQ, Li T, Fei YF, Wang C, Zhang S, Wang F, Jiang GM, Wang H. RNA modifications in cellular metabolism: implications for metabolism-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:70. [PMID: 38531882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is an intricate network satisfying bioenergetic and biosynthesis requirements of cells. Relevant studies have been constantly making inroads in our understanding of pathophysiology, and inspiring development of therapeutics. As a crucial component of epigenetics at post-transcription level, RNA modification significantly determines RNA fates, further affecting various biological processes and cellular phenotypes. To be noted, immunometabolism defines the metabolic alterations occur on immune cells in different stages and immunological contexts. In this review, we characterize the distribution features, modifying mechanisms and biological functions of 8 RNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), Pseudouridine (Ψ), adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, which are relatively the most studied types. Then regulatory roles of these RNA modification on metabolism in diverse health and disease contexts are comprehensively described, categorized as glucose, lipid, amino acid, and mitochondrial metabolism. And we highlight the regulation of RNA modifications on immunometabolism, further influencing immune responses. Above all, we provide a thorough discussion about clinical implications of RNA modification in metabolism-targeted therapy and immunotherapy, progression of RNA modification-targeted agents, and its potential in RNA-targeted therapeutics. Eventually, we give legitimate perspectives for future researches in this field from methodological requirements, mechanistic insights, to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Qing Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Fei Fei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Neurosurgical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China.
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10
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Zhao B, Zheng X, Wang Y, Cheng N, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Huang J, Wang F, Qi X, Zhuang Q, Wang Y, Liu X. Lnc-CCNH-8 promotes immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102125. [PMID: 38356866 PMCID: PMC10865404 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have enabled breakthroughs in the clinical treatment of patients with HCC, but the overall response rate to ICIs in HCC patients is still low, and no validated biomarker is available to guide clinical decision making. Here, we demonstrated that the long non-coding RNA Lnc-CCNH-8 is highly expressed in HCC and correlates with poor prognosis. Functionally, elevated Lnc-CCNH-8 inactivated co-cultured T cells in vitro and compromised antitumor immunity in an immunocompetent mouse model. Mechanistically, up-regulated Lnc-CCNH-8 can sponge microRNA (miR)-217 to regulate the expression of PD-L1. In addition, Lnc-CCNH-8 can also stabilize PD-L1 through miR-3173/PKP3 axis. Furthermore, mice bearing tumors with high Lnc-CCNH-8 expression had significant therapeutic sensitivity to anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody treatment. More important, HCC patients with high levels of plasma exosomal Lnc-CCNH-8 had a better therapeutic response to ICIs. Taken together, our results reveal the function of Lnc-CCNH-8 in inducing immune escape from CD8+ T-cell-mediated killing by up-regulating PD-L1 in a miR-217/miR-3173-dependent manner, which also reveals a novel mechanism of PD-L1 regulation in HCC, and exosomal Lnc-CCNH-8 can serve as a predictive marker for immunotherapy response in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Niangmei Cheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhong
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jingyun Huang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhuang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
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11
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Asadi M, Zarredar H, Zafari V, Soleimani Z, Saeedi H, Caner A, Shanehbandi D. Immune Features of Tumor Microenvironment: A Genetic Spotlight. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:107-118. [PMID: 37870699 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A tumor represents a highly intricate tissue entity, characterized by an exceptionally complex microenvironment that starkly contrasts with the typical physiological surroundings of healthy tissues. Within this tumor microenvironment (TME), every component and factor assume paramount importance in the progression of malignancy and exerts a pivotal influence on a patient's clinical outcome. One of the remarkable aspects of the TME is its remarkable heterogeneity, not only across different types of cancers but even within the same histological category of tumors. In-depth research has illuminated the intricate interplay between specific immune cells and molecules and the dynamic characteristics of the TME. Recent investigations have yielded compelling evidence that several mutations harbored by tumor cells possess the capacity to instigate substantial alterations in the TME. These mutations, often acting as drivers of tumorigenesis, can orchestrate a cascade of events that remodel the TME, thereby influencing crucial aspects of cancer behavior, including its invasiveness, immune evasion, and response to therapies. It is within this nuanced context that the present study endeavors to provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of how specific mutations, within the genetic landscape of cancer cells, can instigate profound changes in TME features. By elucidating the intricate relationship between genetic mutations and the TME, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of cancer biology. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this study holds the potential to inform the development of more targeted and effective treatments, thereby offering new hope to patients grappling with the complexities of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Asadi
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Venus Zafari
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahra Soleimani
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayse Caner
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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12
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Chen L, Song HY, Tan CY, Jiang HY, Gan XF, Bu L, Wei W, Lin SN. Mechanism for Anwei decoction to inhibit immune escape induced by programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 axis in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:148-157. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
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13
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Huynh JC, Cho M, Monjazeb A, Al-Obeidi E, Singh A, Tam K, Lara F, Martinez A, Garcia L, Kim EJ. Phase I/II trial of BMS-986,205 and nivolumab as first line therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:35-43. [PMID: 38038862 PMCID: PMC10891185 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) helps orchestrate immune suppression and checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BMS-986,205 is a novel oral drug that potently and selectively inhibits IDO. This Phase I/II study evaluated the safety and tolerability of BMS-986,205 in combination with nivolumab as first-line therapy in advanced HCC. METHODS Adults with untreated, unresectable/metastatic HCC received BMS-986,205 at two dose levels (50-100 mg orally daily) in combination with fixed dose nivolumab (240mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 14-day cycle). The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of this combination; secondary objectives were to obtain preliminary efficacy. RESULTS Eight patients received a total of 91 treatment cycles in the dose escalation phase. All patients were Child Pugh A and 6 patients had underlying viral hepatitis. In the 6 evaluable patients, no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation (3 patients) and diarrhea, maculopapular rash and increased alkaline phosphatase (2 patients each). Grade 3 events were diarrhea and AST elevation (1 patient), and hyperglycemia and pancreatitis requiring treatment discontinuation (1 patient). No grade 4-5 events occurred. Partial response was observed in 1 patient (12.5%) and stable disease in 3 patients (37.5%), yielding a disease control rate of 50%. Median PFS was 8.5 weeks; median OS was not reached. CONCLUSION Combination BMS-986,205 and nivolumab showed a manageable safety profile with durable benefit as first-line therapy in a meaningful subset of advanced HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Huynh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - May Cho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Irvine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Arta Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ebaa Al-Obeidi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Amisha Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kit Tam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Frances Lara
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Anthony Martinez
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Leslie Garcia
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Edward J Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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14
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Logghe T, van Zwol E, Immordino B, Van den Cruys K, Peeters M, Giovannetti E, Bogers J. Hyperthermia in Combination with Emerging Targeted and Immunotherapies as a New Approach in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38339258 PMCID: PMC10854776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in the development of novel therapies, cancer continues to stand as a prominent global cause of death. In many cases, the cornerstone of standard-of-care therapy consists of chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), or a combination of both. Notably, hyperthermia (HT), which has been in clinical use in the last four decades, has proven to enhance the effectiveness of CT and RT, owing to its recognized potency as a sensitizer. Furthermore, HT exerts effects on all steps of the cancer-immunity cycle and exerts a significant impact on key oncogenic pathways. Most recently, there has been a noticeable expansion of cancer research related to treatment options involving immunotherapy (IT) and targeted therapy (TT), a trend also visible in the research and development pipelines of pharmaceutical companies. However, the potential results arising from the combination of these innovative therapeutic approaches with HT remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this review aims to explore the oncology pipelines of major pharmaceutical companies, with the primary objective of identifying the principal targets of forthcoming therapies that have the potential to be advantageous for patients by specifically targeting molecular pathways involved in HT. The ultimate goal of this review is to pave the way for future research initiatives and clinical trials that harness the synergy between emerging IT and TT medications when used in conjunction with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Logghe
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Eke van Zwol
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Benoît Immordino
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marc Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bogers
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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15
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Cho S, Kim W, Yoo D, Han Y, Hwang H, Kim S, Kim J, Park S, Park Y, Jo H, Pyun JC, Lee M. Impact of glucose metabolism on PD-L1 expression in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1751. [PMID: 38243049 PMCID: PMC10798953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein that binds to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), which is expressed in activated T cells and other immune cells and has been employed in cancer therapy, including HCC. Recently, PD-L1 overexpression has been documented in treatment-resistant cancer cells. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor and the only FDA-approved treatment for advanced HCC. However, several patients exhibit resistance to sorafenib during treatment. This study aimed to assess the effect of glucose deprivation on PD-L1 expression in HCC cells. We used PD-L1-overexpressing HepG2 cells and IFN-γ-treated SK-Hep1 cells to explore the impact of glycolysis on PD-L1 expression. To validate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and glycolysis, we analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and used immunostaining for HCC tissue analysis. Furthermore, to modulate PD-L1 expression, we treated HepG2, SK-Hep1, and sorafenib-resistant SK-Hep1R cells with rapamycin. Here, we found that glucose deprivation reduced PD-L1 expression in HCC cells. Additionally, TCGA data and immunostaining analyses confirmed a positive correlation between the expression of hexokinase II (HK2), which plays a key role in glucose metabolism, and PD-L1. Notably, rapamycin treatment decreased the expression of PD-L1 and HK2 in both high PD-L1-expressing HCC cells and sorafenib-resistant cells. Our results suggest that the modulation of PD-L1 expression by glucose deprivation may represent a strategy to overcome PD-L1 upregulation in patients with sorafenib-resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sua Cho
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Han
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - HanHee Jo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for New Drug Development, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Chen Z, Yao MW, Ao X, Gong QJ, Yang Y, Liu JX, Lian QZ, Xu X, Zuo LJ. The expression mechanism of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and its role in immunomodulatory ability of mesenchymal stem cells. Chin J Traumatol 2024; 27:1-10. [PMID: 38065706 PMCID: PMC10859298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule, which inhibits the function of T cells and other immune cells by binding to the receptor programmed cell death-1. The PD-L1 expression disorder plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of sepsis or other inflammatory diseases, and has become an important target for the treatment of these diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation potential. In recent years, MSCs have been found to have a strong immunosuppressive ability and are used to treat various inflammatory insults caused by hyperimmune diseases. Moreover, PD-L1 is deeply involved in the immunosuppressive events of MSCs and plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we will summarize the main regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 expression, and discuss various biological functions of PD-L1 in the immune regulation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng-Wei Yao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Orthopedics, 953 Hospital of PLA, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse, 857000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qing-Jia Gong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jin-Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing People's Hospital, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Qi-Zhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Ling-Jing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650034, China.
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17
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Minz AP, Mohapatra D, Dutta M, Sethi M, Parida D, Mohapatra AP, Mishra S, Kar S, Sasmal PK, Senapati S. Statins abrogate gemcitabine-induced PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells with improved therapeutic outcome. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4261-4278. [PMID: 37926727 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A combination of chemotherapy with immunotherapy has been proposed to have better clinical outcomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). On the other hand, chemotherapeutics is known to have certain unwanted effects on the tumor microenvironment that may mask the expected beneficial effects of immunotherapy. Here, we have investigated the effect of gemcitabine (GEM), on two immune checkpoint proteins (PD-L1 and PD-L2) expression in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Findings of in vitro studies conducted by using in-culture activated mouse pancreatic stellate cells (mPSCs) and human PDAC patients derived CAFs demonstrated that GEM significantly induces PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in these cells. Moreover, GEM induced phosphorylation of STAT1 and production of multiple known PD-L1-inducing secretory proteins including IFN-γ in CAFs. Upregulation of PD-L1 in PSCs/CAFs upon GEM treatment caused T cell inactivation and apoptosis in vitro. Importantly, Statins suppressed GEM-induced PD-L1 expression both in CAFs and PCCs while abrogating the inactivation of T-cells caused by GEM-treated PSCs/CAFs. Finally, in an immunocompetent syngeneic orthotopic mouse pancreatic tumor model, simvastatin and GEM combination therapy significantly reduced intra-tumor PD-L1 expression and noticeably reduced the overall tumor burden and metastasis incidence. Together, the findings of this study have provided experimental evidence that illustrates potential unwanted side effects of GEM that could hamper the effectiveness of this drug as mono and/or combination therapy. At the same time the findings also suggest use of statins along with GEM will help in overcoming these shortcomings and warrant further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliva Prity Minz
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Debasish Mohapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- CV Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Madhuri Dutta
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Manisha Sethi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Deepti Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amlan Priyadarshee Mohapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Swayambara Mishra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Salona Kar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Prakash K Sasmal
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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18
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Skacel J, Melichar B, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Lemstrova R. Hyperprogression on anti-PD-1 treatment. Is subsequent therapy feasible? A case report and review of the literature. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023; 167:376-384. [PMID: 35703362 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a new phenomenon that has emerged in the immunotherapy era. HPD is defined as a rapid tumour growth with detrimental effect on the patient condition and disease course. The management and treatment following HPD is not defined. We present here the case report of patient with HPD and review of the literature on putative mechanisms of HPD and following disease management. METHODS AND RESULTS A 60-year old male patient with metastatic melanoma was indicated for systemic treatment with anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 antibody. Rapid tumour growth and detrimental effect on the patient general condition after administration of a single dose of anti-PD-1 antibody met the criteria of HPD. The patient underwent the second line taxane-based chemotherapy with good tolerance and disease stabilization. The third line treatment with anti- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibody ipilimumab was well tolerated and resulted in partial response. Re-challenge with anti-CTLA-4 antibody was feasible, but only with a modest clinical effect. CONCLUSION Prompt recognition of HPD and administration of salvage chemotherapy with taxane-based regimens may be crucial. HPD is rarely observed with ipilimumab treatment. Administration of ipilimumab as well as an ipilimumab re-challenge are feasible after HPD on anti-PD-1 antibodies. Investigation of new predictive biomarkers of HPD is warranted as well as new agents that potentiate the immune response in patients affected with this insidious complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skacel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 7, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 7, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Beatrice Mohelnikova-Duchonova
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 7, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radmila Lemstrova
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 7, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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19
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Aizaz M, Khan A, Khan F, Khan M, Musad Saleh EA, Nisar M, Baran N. The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells as a target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1259034. [PMID: 38033495 PMCID: PMC10682792 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1259034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent an important component of the innate immune system. Under physiological conditions, macrophages, which are essential phagocytes, maintain a proinflammatory response and repair damaged tissue. However, these processes are often impaired upon tumorigenesis, in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) protect and support the growth, proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells and promote suppression of antitumor immunity. TAM abundance is closely associated with poor outcome of cancer, with impediment of chemotherapy effectiveness and ultimately a dismal therapy response and inferior overall survival. Thus, cross-talk between cancer cells and TAMs is an important target for immune checkpoint therapies and metabolic interventions, spurring interest in it as a therapeutic vulnerability for both hematological cancers and solid tumors. Furthermore, targeting of this cross-talk has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment with the antibody against CD47 protein, a critical macrophage checkpoint recognized as the "don't eat me" signal, as well as other metabolism-focused strategies. Therapies targeting CD47 constitute an important milestone in the advancement of anticancer research and have had promising effects on not only phagocytosis activation but also innate and adaptive immune system activation, effectively counteracting tumor cells' evasion of therapy as shown in the context of myeloid cancers. Targeting of CD47 signaling is only one of several possibilities to reverse the immunosuppressive and tumor-protective tumor environment with the aim of enhancing the antitumor response. Several preclinical studies identified signaling pathways that regulate the recruitment, polarization, or metabolism of TAMs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of macrophages in cancer progression and the mechanisms by which they communicate with tumor cells. Additionally, we dissect various therapeutic strategies developed to target macrophage-tumor cell cross-talk, including modulation of macrophage polarization, blockade of signaling pathways, and disruption of physical interactions between leukemia cells and macrophages. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with tumor hypoxia and acidosis as barriers to effective cancer therapy and discuss opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Aakif Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Liu K, Yuan S, Wang C, Zhu H. Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1285343. [PMID: 38026944 PMCID: PMC10679741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1285343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide. In the past decade, with the development of early diagnostic techniques, a clear decline in GC incidence has been observed, but its mortality remains high. The emergence of new immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the treatment of GC patients to some extent. However, only a small number of patients with advanced GC have a durable response to ICI treatment, and the efficacy of ICIs is very limited. Existing studies have shown that the failure of immunotherapy is mainly related to the development of ICI resistance in patients, but the understanding of the resistance mechanism is still insufficient. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of GC immune resistance is critical to improve its treatment and clinical benefit. In this review, we focus on summarizing the mechanisms of primary or acquired resistance to ICI immunotherapy in GC from both internal and external aspects of the tumor. At the same time, we also briefly discuss some other possible resistance mechanisms in light of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- The Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiman Yuan
- The Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Chivu-Economescu M, Herlea V, Dima S, Sorop A, Pechianu C, Procop A, Kitahara S, Necula L, Matei L, Dragu D, Neagu AI, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC, Popescu I, Duda DG. Soluble PD-L1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in resectable gastric cancer patients. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:934-946. [PMID: 37668884 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we compared programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in primary tissue samples and its soluble form (sPD-L1) concentration in matched preoperative plasma samples from gastric cancer patients to understand the relationship between tissue and plasma PD-L1 expression and to determine its diagnostic and prognostic value. METHODS PD-L1 expression in tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and sPD-L1 concentration in plasma was quantified by ELISA. The levels of the CD274 gene, which encodes for PD-L1 protein, were examined as part of bulk tissue RNA-sequencing analyses. Additionally, we evaluated the association between sPD-L1 levels and various laboratory parameters, disease characteristics, and patient outcomes. RESULTS GC patients had significantly higher levels of sPD-L1 in their plasma (71.69 pg/mL) compared to healthy controls (35.34 pg/mL) (p < 0.0001). Moreover, sPD-L1 levels were significantly correlated with tissue PD-L1 protein, CD274 mRNA expression, larger tumor size, advanced tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis. Elevated sPD-L1 levels (> 103.5 ng/mL) were associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.16, 95%CI 1.15-4.08, p = 0.017). Furthermore, intratumoral neutrophil and dendritic cell levels were directly correlated with plasma sPD-L1 concentration in the GC patients. CONCLUSIONS sPD-L1 was readily measurable in GC patients, and its level was associated with GC tissue PD-L1 expression, greater inflammatory cell infiltration, disease progression, and survival. Thus, sPD-L1 may be a useful minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Chivu-Economescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Herlea
- Department of Pathology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Dima
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Sorop
- Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Pechianu
- Department of Pathology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Procop
- Department of Pathology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Shuji Kitahara
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Cox-724, 100 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Laura Necula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lilia Matei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Dragu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Iulia Neagu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen C Diaconu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Cox-724, 100 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Zhou F, Li X, Jia K, Li F, Xue X, Liu J, Qu J, Liu R. Inhibiting autophagy to boost antitumor immunity with tetramethylpyrazine-loaded and PD-L1-targeting liposomal nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106581. [PMID: 37696460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been recognized as a revolutionary breakthrough and has yielded impressive results. However, a major challenge facing immunotherapy is its limited efficacy, which may be largely due to the inadequate infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Autophagy inhibition has been identified to enhance the recruitment of immune cells into the tumor by upregulating the expression and secretion of chemokines. Here, we verified a novel autophagy inhibitor tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) from natural products using a mCherry-GFP-LC3 probe-based autophagy flux reporter system. We then devised a liposomal system capable of co-delivering DOX and TMP using the thin-film dispersion method and modified the liposome with PD-L1 binding peptide JY4 (DOX-TMP-JY4LIPO). We found that DOX-TMP-JY4LIPO exhibited potent antitumor efficacy in vitro. In addition, DOX-TMP-JY4LIPO could effectively inhibit the autophagic flux to enhance the recruitment of immune cells into the tumor by upregulating CCL5 and CXCL10. The liposome exhibited favorable biocompatibility and safety while facilitating the accumulation of therapeutic drugs in tumors. DOX-TMP-JY4LIPO significantly inhibited tumor growth in LLC xenograft mice, accompanied by increased granzymes- and perforin-mediated cytotoxic immune responses. Our findings demonstrate that the TMP-loaded and PD-L1-targeting liposomal nanoparticles can significantly boost antitumor immunity by inhibiting autophagy, suggesting a novel natural product-based nanomedicine for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Kexin Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaorong Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China.
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23
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García-Pérez BE, Pérez-Torres C, Baltierra-Uribe SL, Castillo-Cruz J, Castrejón-Jiménez NS. Autophagy as a Target for Non-Immune Intrinsic Functions of Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15016. [PMID: 37834467 PMCID: PMC10573536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process that is essential to the maintenance of homeostasis through the cellular recycling of damaged organelles or misfolded proteins, which sustains energy balance. Additionally, autophagy plays a dual role in modulating the development and progression of cancer and inducing a survival strategy in tumoral cells. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) modulates the immune response and is responsible for maintaining self-tolerance. Because tumor cells exploit the PD-L1-PD-1 interaction to subvert the immune response, immunotherapy has been developed based on the use of PD-L1-blocking antibodies. Recent evidence has suggested a bidirectional regulation between autophagy and PD-L1 molecule expression in tumor cells. Moreover, the research into the intrinsic properties of PD-L1 has highlighted new functions that are advantageous to tumor cells. The relationship between autophagy and PD-L1 is complex and still not fully understood; its effects can be context-dependent and might differ between tumoral cells. This review refines our understanding of the non-immune intrinsic functions of PD-L1 and its potential influence on autophagy, how these could allow the survival of tumor cells, and what this means for the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Departmento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Christian Pérez-Torres
- Departmento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Shantal Lizbeth Baltierra-Uribe
- Departmento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan Castillo-Cruz
- Departmento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Departmento de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Shantal Castrejón-Jiménez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1. Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
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24
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Chen H, He J, Wang L, Lin Y, Mou Z, Huang X, Chen L. Identification of monocyte-associated biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus and their pan-cancer analysis. Lupus 2023; 32:1369-1380. [PMID: 37769649 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231204765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation is not only a pathogenic mechanism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but also a potential cause of the link between SLE and cancer. The current understanding of SLE monocyte-associated biomarkers is limited, and the precise mechanism behind the link between SLE and cancer is uncertain. By using WGCNA and immune infiltration to analyze the GSE72326 dataset, we determined the most pertinent modules for monocytes and discovered eight candidate hub genes from them. The limma software was used to find genes that were differently expressed in SLE. The genes that overlapped between the two were chosen using a Venn diagram as the essential genes related to monocytes in SLE, and the essential genes were verified by several datasets. Correlation analysis and GSEA analysis were used to examine the probable immunological pathways connected to key genes. We examined the expression of hub genes in cancer and their interaction with monocytes using the GEPIA and TIMER databases to understand the significance of essential genes in tumorigenesis. In addition, we performed transcription factor identification. We discovered three biomarkers (IFI30, BLVRA, and RIN2) that are mostly involved in interferon-related signaling pathways and are associated with monocyte-mediated immune responses in SLE. The three important genes are also strongly expressed in a number of malignancies and have a relationship with monocytes. As a result, IFI30, BLVRA, and RIN2 may act as SLE-associated biomarkers of monocytes and as a bridge between SLE and tumors. We proposed that interferon-related signaling pathways might function as possible mediators of cancer risk in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Chen
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinxuan He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linwei Wang
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixiang Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lan Chen
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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25
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Spangenberg SH, Palermo A, Gazaniga NR, Martínez-Peña F, Guijas C, Chin EN, Rinschen MM, Sander PN, Webb B, Pereira LE, Jia Y, Meitz L, Siuzdak G, Lairson LL. Hydroxyproline metabolism enhances IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression and inhibits autophagic flux. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1115-1134.e10. [PMID: 37467751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 plays critical roles in both immune system homeostasis and tumor progression. Impaired PD-1/PD-L1 function promotes autoimmunity and PD-L1 expression within tumors promotes immune evasion. If and how changes in metabolism or defined metabolites regulate PD-L1 expression is not fully understood. Here, using a metabolomics activity screening-based approach, we have determined that hydroxyproline (Hyp) significantly and directly enhances adaptive (i.e., IFN-γ-induced) PD-L1 expression in multiple relevant myeloid and cancer cell types. Mechanistic studies reveal that Hyp acts as an inhibitor of autophagic flux, which allows it to regulate this negative feedback mechanism, thereby contributing to its overall effect on PD-L1 expression. Due to its prevalence in fibrotic tumors, these findings suggest that hydroxyproline could contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and that Hyp metabolism could be targeted to pharmacologically control PD-L1 expression for the treatment of cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia Palermo
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathalia R Gazaniga
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Carlos Guijas
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emily N Chin
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Philipp N Sander
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bill Webb
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laura E Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lance Meitz
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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26
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Morehead LC, Garg S, Wallis KF, Simoes CC, Siegel ER, Tackett AJ, Miousse IR. Increased Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Dietary Methionine Restriction in a Colorectal Cancer Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4467. [PMID: 37760436 PMCID: PMC10526448 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR), defined as a reduction of methionine intake by around 80%, has been shown to reproducibly decrease tumor growth and synergize with cancer therapies. In this study, we combined DMR with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a model of colon adenocarcinoma. In vitro, we observed that MR increased the expression of MHC-I and PD-L1 in both mouse and human colorectal cancer cells. We also saw an increase in the gene expression of STING, a known inducer of type I interferon signaling. Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway, pharmacologically or with siRNA, blunted the increase in MHC-I and PD-L1 surface and gene expression following MR. This indicated that the cGAS-STING pathway, and interferon in general, played a role in the immune response to MR. We then combined dietary MR with ICIs targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 in an MC38 colorectal cancer tumor model developed in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. The combination treatment was five times more effective at reducing the tumor size than ICIs alone in male mice. We noted sex differences in the response to dietary MR, with males showing a greater response than females. Finally, we observed an increase in membrane staining for the PD-L1 protein in MC38 tumors from animals who were fed an MR diet. MHC-I was highly expressed in all tumors and showed no expression difference when comparing tumors from control and MR-treated mice. These results indicated that MR increased PD-L1 expression both in vitro and in vivo and improved the response to ICIs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Morehead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Sarita Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Katherine F. Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Camila C. Simoes
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Eric R. Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Isabelle R. Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
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27
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Subhadarshini S, Sahoo S, Debnath S, Somarelli JA, Jolly MK. Dynamical modeling of proliferative-invasive plasticity and IFNγ signaling in melanoma reveals mechanisms of PD-L1 expression heterogeneity. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006766. [PMID: 37678920 PMCID: PMC10496669 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic heterogeneity of melanoma cells contributes to drug tolerance, increased metastasis, and immune evasion in patients with progressive disease. Diverse mechanisms have been individually reported to shape extensive intra-tumor and inter-tumor phenotypic heterogeneity, such as IFNγ signaling and proliferative to invasive transition, but how their crosstalk impacts tumor progression remains largely elusive. METHODS Here, we integrate dynamical systems modeling with transcriptomic data analysis at bulk and single-cell levels to investigate underlying mechanisms behind phenotypic heterogeneity in melanoma and its impact on adaptation to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We construct a minimal core regulatory network involving transcription factors implicated in this process and identify the multiple 'attractors' in the phenotypic landscape enabled by this network. Our model predictions about synergistic control of PD-L1 by IFNγ signaling and proliferative to invasive transition were validated experimentally in three melanoma cell lines-MALME3, SK-MEL-5 and A375. RESULTS We demonstrate that the emergent dynamics of our regulatory network comprising MITF, SOX10, SOX9, JUN and ZEB1 can recapitulate experimental observations about the co-existence of diverse phenotypes (proliferative, neural crest-like, invasive) and reversible cell-state transitions among them, including in response to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These phenotypes have varied levels of PD-L1, driving heterogeneity in immunosuppression. This heterogeneity in PD-L1 can be aggravated by combinatorial dynamics of these regulators with IFNγ signaling. Our model predictions about changes in proliferative to invasive transition and PD-L1 levels as melanoma cells evade targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors were validated in multiple RNA-seq data sets from in vitro and in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION Our calibrated dynamical model offers a platform to test combinatorial therapies and provide rational avenues for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. This improved understanding of crosstalk among PD-L1 expression, proliferative to invasive transition and IFNγ signaling can be leveraged to improve the clinical management of therapy-resistant and metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shibjyoti Debnath
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Chen Z, Yao MW, Shen ZL, Li SD, Xing W, Guo W, Li Z, Wu XF, Ao LQ, Lu WY, Lian QZ, Xu X, Ao X. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergistically enhance the immunosuppressive capacity of human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by increasing PD-L1 expression. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:787-806. [PMID: 37700823 PMCID: PMC10494569 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i8.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is dependent on the "license" of several proinflammatory factors to express immunosuppressive factors such as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which determines the clinical therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for inflammatory or immune diseases. In MSCs, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a key inducer of PD-L1 expression, which is synergistically enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. AIM To reveal the mechanism of pretreated MSCs express high PD-L1 and explore the application of pretreated MSCs in ulcerative colitis. METHODS We assessed PD-L1 expression in human umbilical-cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α, alone or in combination. Additionally, we performed signal pathway inhibitor experiments as well as RNA interference experiments to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which IFN-γ alone or in combination with TNF-α induces PD-L1 expression. Moreover, we used luciferase reporter gene experiments to verify the binding sites of the transcription factors of each signal transduction pathway to the targeted gene promoters. Finally, we evaluated the immunosuppressive capacity of hUC-MSCs treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α in both an in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture assay, and in vivo in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. RESULTS Our results suggest that IFN-γ induction alone upregulates PD-L1 expression in hUC-MSCs while TNF-α alone does not, and that the co-induction of IFN-γ and TNF-α promotes higher expression of PD-L1. IFN-γ induces hUC-MSCs to express PD-L1, in which IFN-γ activates the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway, up-regulates the expression of the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) transcription factor, promotes the binding of IRF1 and the PD-L1 gene promoter, and finally promotes PD-L1 mRNA. Although TNF-α alone did not induce PD-L1 expression in hUC-MSCs, the addition of TNF-α significantly enhanced IFN-γ-induced JAK/STAT1/IRF1 activation. TNF-α up-regulated IFN-γ receptor expression through activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway, which significantly enhanced IFN-γ signaling. Finally, co-induced hUC-MSCs have a stronger inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation, and significantly ameliorate weight loss, mucosal damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and up-regulation of inflammatory factors in colitis mice. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that IFN-γ and TNF-α enhance both the immunosuppressive ability of hUC-MSCs and their efficacy in ulcerative colitis by synergistically inducing high expression of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Meng-Wei Yao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Shen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shi-Dan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Luo-Quan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The South of Shangcai Village, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Zhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Orthopedics, 953 Hospital of PLA Army, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse 857000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
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Mozooni Z, Golestani N, Bahadorizadeh L, Yarmohammadi R, Jabalameli M, Amiri BS. The role of interferon-gamma and its receptors in gastrointestinal cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154636. [PMID: 37390758 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal malignancies are the most prevalent type of cancer around the world. Even though numerous studies have evaluated gastrointestinal malignancies, the actual underlying mechanism is still unknown. These tumors have a poor prognosis and are frequently discovered at an advanced stage. Globally, there is an increase in the incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal malignancies, including those of the stomach, esophagus, colon, liver, and pancreas. Growth factors and cytokines are signaling molecules that are part of the tumor microenvironment and play a significant role in the development and spread of malignancies. IFN-γ induce its effects by activation of intracellular molecular networks. The main pathway involved in IFN-γ signaling is the JAK/STAT pathway, which regulates the transcription of hundreds of genes and mediates various biological responses. IFN-γ receptor is composed of two IFN-γR1 chains and two IFN-γR2 chains. Binding to IFN-γ, causes the intracellular domains of IFN-γR2 to oligomerize and transphosphorylate with IFN-γR1 which activates downstream signaling components: JAK1 and JAK2. These activated JAKs phosphorylate the receptor, creating binding sites for STAT1. STAT1 is then phosphorylated by JAK, resulting in the formation of STAT1 homodimers (gamma activated factors or GAFs) that translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene expression. The balance between positive and negative regulation of this pathway is crucial for immune responses and tumorigenesis. In this paper, we evaluate the dynamic roles of IFN- γ and its receptors in gastrointestinal cancers and present evidence that inhibiting IFN- γ signaling may be an effective treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mozooni
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Golestani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Bahadorizadeh
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reyhaneh Yarmohammadi
- Doctoral Student Carolina University Winston, Salem, NC, USA; Skin and Stem Cell Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bahareh Shateri Amiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Patterson MT, Burrack AL, Xu Y, Hickok GH, Schmiechen ZC, Becker S, Cruz-Hinojoza E, Schrank PR, Kennedy AE, Firulyova MM, Miller EA, Zaitsev K, Williams JW, Stromnes IM. Tumor-specific CD4 T cells instruct monocyte fate in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112732. [PMID: 37402168 PMCID: PMC10448358 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) orchestrates a suppressive tumor microenvironment that fosters immunotherapy resistance. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the principal immune cell infiltrating PDA and are heterogeneous. Here, by employing macrophage fate-mapping approaches and single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that monocytes give rise to most macrophage subsets in PDA. Tumor-specific CD4, but not CD8, T cells promote monocyte differentiation into MHCIIhi anti-tumor macrophages. By conditional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II deletion on monocyte-derived macrophages, we show that tumor antigen presentation is required for instructing monocyte differentiation into anti-tumor macrophages, promoting Th1 cells, abrogating Treg cells, and mitigating CD8 T cell exhaustion. Non-redundant IFNγ and CD40 promote MHCIIhi anti-tumor macrophages. Intratumoral monocytes adopt a pro-tumor fate indistinguishable from that of tissue-resident macrophages following loss of macrophage MHC class II or tumor-specific CD4 T cells. Thus, tumor antigen presentation by macrophages to CD4 T cells dictates TAM fate and is a major determinant of macrophage heterogeneity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Patterson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Adam L Burrack
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Yingzheng Xu
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Grant H Hickok
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Zoe C Schmiechen
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Samuel Becker
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Eduardo Cruz-Hinojoza
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Patricia R Schrank
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Ainsley E Kennedy
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Maria M Firulyova
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ebony A Miller
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jesse W Williams
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
| | - Ingunn M Stromnes
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Masonic Cancer Center and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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31
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Ordner J, Gutierrez Amezcua JM, Marcus A, Shukla PS. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression and CD8 + Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte-based Tumor Immune Microenvironment Classification in Gynecologic Carcinosarcoma: Prognostic Impact and Implications for Therapy. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:364-375. [PMID: 35639400 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and prognostic significance of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in gynecologic carcinosarcoma, 81 cases (68 uterine, 12 ovarian, and 1 fallopian tube) were immunostained with PD-L1 and CD8 using tissue microarrays (3 mm core diameter) from intratumoral areas with the highest TILs. Tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1% and combined positive score (CPS) ≥1 were considered positive for PD-L1. CD8 + TILs were counted in each core, and CD8 + TIL density (CD8TILD) was calculated. Cases were classified as CD8 Neg (<1.4/mm 2 CD8TILD), CD8 Pos (≥1.4/mm 2 CD8TILD) and CD8 HIGH (≥14/mm 2 CD8TILD) and grouped into 4 tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) groups: (1) PD-L-1 Pos /CD8 Pos , (2) PD-L1 Neg /CD8 Neg , (3) PD-L1 Pos /CD8 Neg , and (4) PD-L1 Neg /CD8 Pos . PD-L1 expression by TPS and CPS was detected in 19.8% and 39.6% cases, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank analysis showed that higher density of CD8 + TILs were associated with longer overall survival (OS) ( P =0.05 for CD8 Pos and P =0.014 for CD8 HIGH ), and CD8 HIGH status was associated with longer OS irrespective of tumor stage ( P =0.045, hazard ratio: 0.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.014-0.951). Thirty-three percent of patients belonged to TIME group 1. PD-L1 expression and TIME groups were not associated with OS or progression-free survival. We found that high density of CD8 + TILs is an independent indicator of better OS. In 33% cases PD-L1 expression is associated with increased CD8 + TILs ("acquired immune evasion" pattern of PD-L1 expression), hence they may benefit from anti PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. PD-L1 expression alone and TIME groups do not affect survival in gynecologic carcinosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Ordner
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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32
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Subhadarshini S, Sahoo S, Debnath S, Somarelli JA, Jolly MK. Dynamical modelling of proliferative-invasive plasticity and IFNγ signaling in melanoma reveals mechanisms of PD-L1 expression heterogeneity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.523355. [PMID: 37398358 PMCID: PMC10312429 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.523355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity of melanoma cells contributes to drug tolerance, increased metastasis, and immune evasion in patients with progressive disease. Diverse mechanisms have been individually reported to shape extensive intra- and inter-tumoral phenotypic heterogeneity, such as IFNγ signaling and proliferative to invasive transition, but how their crosstalk impacts tumor progression remains largely elusive. Here, we integrate dynamical systems modeling with transcriptomic data analysis at bulk and single-cell levels to investigate underlying mechanisms behind phenotypic heterogeneity in melanoma and its impact on adaptation to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We construct a minimal core regulatory network involving transcription factors implicated in this process and identify the multiple "attractors" in the phenotypic landscape enabled by this network. Our model predictions about synergistic control of PD-L1 by IFNγ signaling and proliferative to invasive transition were validated experimentally in three melanoma cell lines - MALME3, SK-MEL-5 and A375. We demonstrate that the emergent dynamics of our regulatory network comprising MITF, SOX10, SOX9, JUN and ZEB1 can recapitulate experimental observations about the co-existence of diverse phenotypes (proliferative, neural crest-like, invasive) and reversible cell-state transitions among them, including in response to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These phenotypes have varied levels of PD-L1, driving heterogeneity in immune-suppression. This heterogeneity in PD-L1 can be aggravated by combinatorial dynamics of these regulators with IFNγ signaling. Our model predictions about changes in proliferative to invasive transition and PD-L1 levels as melanoma cells evade targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors were validated in multiple data sets from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our calibrated dynamical model offers a platform to test combinatorial therapies and provide rational avenues for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. This improved understanding of crosstalk among PD-L1 expression, proliferative to invasive transition and IFNγ signaling can be leveraged to improve the clinical management of therapy-resistant and metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | | | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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Talavera Guillén NC, Barboza de Nardi A, Noleto de Paiva F, Dias QC, Pinheiro Fantinatti A, Fávaro WJ. Clinical Implications of Immune Checkpoints and the RANK/RANK-L Signaling Pathway in High-Grade Canine Mast Cell Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1888. [PMID: 37370399 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common malignant cutaneous tumors in dogs, and they present extremely variable biological behavior. The interaction between RANK, RANK-L, and immune checkpoints is frequently detected in the tumor microenvironment, and, together, they participate in every stage of cancer development. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the molecular profiles of PD-L1, CTLA-4, RANK/RANK-L signaling pathway, and IFN-γ in primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded slides of MCTs and metastatic lymph nodes of ten dogs were submitted to immunohistochemical investigations. The results demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment of the high-grade mast cell tumors showed moderate or intense immunolabeling of all proteins, and the lymph node metastases also showed moderate or intense immunolabeling of checkpoint proteins. In addition, MCTs larger than 3 cm were associated with intensified PD-L1 (p = 0.03) in metastatic lymph nodes and RANK-L (p = 0.049) immunoreactivity in the tumor. Furthermore, dogs with a survival time of less than 6 months showed higher PD-L1 immunoreactivity (p = 0.042). In conclusion, high-grade MCT is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment that exhibits elevated RANK/RANK-L signaling and enhanced immune checkpoint immunoreactivity, potentially facilitating intratumorally immune escape. These biomarkers show promise as clinical indicators of disease progression and might response to immunotherapy in dogs with high-grade MCTs, thus emphasizing their importance for guiding treatment decisions and improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia C Talavera Guillén
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Andrigo Barboza de Nardi
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Noleto de Paiva
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Queila Cristina Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
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Maryam S, Krukiewicz K, Haq IU, Khan AA, Yahya G, Cavalu S. Interleukins (Cytokines) as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Progression, Detection, and Monitoring. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093127. [PMID: 37176567 PMCID: PMC10179696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the primary cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause in developing countries. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors for CRC include obesity, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, and smoking. CRC has a poor prognosis, and there is a critical need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to reduce related deaths. Recently, studies have focused more on molecular testing to guide targeted treatments for CRC patients. The most crucial feature of activated immune cells is the production and release of growth factors and cytokines that modulate the inflammatory conditions in tumor tissues. The cytokine network is valuable for the prognosis and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer as they can aid in the cost-effective and non-invasive detection of cancer. A large number of interleukins (IL) released by the immune system at various stages of CRC can act as "biomarkers". They play diverse functions in colorectal cancer, and include IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33, TNF, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are pro-tumorigenic genes. However, there are an inadequate number of studies in this area considering its correlation with cytokine profiles that are clinically useful in diagnosing cancer. A better understanding of cytokine levels to establish diagnostic pathways entails an understanding of cytokine interactions and the regulation of their various biochemical signaling pathways in healthy individuals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of some interleukins as immunological biomarkers of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Maryam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Awal Ayaz Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Al Sharqia, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Villarroel-Espindola F, Ejsmentewicz T, Gonzalez-Stegmaier R, Jorquera RA, Salinas E. Intersections between innate immune response and gastric cancer development. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2222-2240. [PMID: 37124883 PMCID: PMC10134417 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i15.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy. It has a reduced prevalence but has maintained its poor prognosis being the fourth leading cause of deaths related to cancer. The highest mortality rates occur in Asian and Latin American countries, where cases are usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Overall, GC is viewed as the consequence of a multifactorial process, involving the virulence of the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains, as well as some environmental factors, dietary habits, and host intrinsic factors. The tumor microenvironment in GC appears to be chronically inflamed which promotes tumor progression and reduces the therapeutic opportunities. It has been suggested that inflammation assessment needs to be measured qualitatively and quantitatively, considering cell-infiltration types, availability of receptors to detect damage and pathogens, and presence or absence of aggressive H. pylori strains. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells express several Toll-like receptors and determine the first defensive line against pathogens, and have been also described as mediators of tumorigenesis. However, other molecules, such as cytokines related to inflammation and innate immunity, including immune checkpoint molecules, interferon-gamma pathway and NETosis have been associated with an increased risk of GC. Therefore, this review will explore innate immune activation in the context of premalignant lesions of the gastric epithelium and established gastric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Villarroel-Espindola
- Translational Medicine Unit, Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez, Santiago 7500000, Metropolitan region, Chile
| | - Troy Ejsmentewicz
- Translational Medicine Unit, Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez, Santiago 7500000, Metropolitan region, Chile
| | - Roxana Gonzalez-Stegmaier
- Translational Medicine Unit, Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez, Santiago 7500000, Metropolitan region, Chile
| | - Roddy A Jorquera
- Translational Medicine Unit, Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez, Santiago 7500000, Metropolitan region, Chile
| | - Esteban Salinas
- Translational Medicine Unit, Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez, Santiago 7500000, Metropolitan region, Chile
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Morita M, Nishida N, Aoki T, Chishina H, Takita M, Ida H, Hagiwara S, Minami Y, Ueshima K, Kudo M. Role of β-Catenin Activation in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082311. [PMID: 37190239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the therapeutic combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab was widely used to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to recent clinical trials, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and molecular target agents are expected to be key therapeutic strategies in the future. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying molecular immune responses and immune evasion remain unclear. The tumor immune microenvironment plays a vital role in HCC progression. The infiltration of CD8-positive cells into tumors and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules are key factors in this immune microenvironment. Specifically, Wnt/β catenin pathway activation causes "immune exclusion", associated with poor infiltration of CD8-positive cells. Some clinical studies suggested an association between ICI resistance and β-catenin activation in HCC. Additionally, several subclassifications of the tumor immune microenvironment were proposed. The HCC immune microenvironment can be broadly divided into inflamed class and non-inflamed class, with several subclasses. β-catenin mutations are important factors in immune subclasses; this may be useful when considering therapeutic strategies as β-catenin activation may serve as a biomarker for ICI. Various types of β-catenin modulators were developed. Several kinases may also be involved in the β-catenin pathway. Therefore, combinations of β-catenin modulators, kinase inhibitors, and ICIs may exert synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Chishina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Ueshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
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Li J, Yu T, Sun J, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Ma M, Zheng Z, He Y, Kang W. Comprehensive analysis of cuproptosis-related immune biomarker signature to enhance prognostic accuracy in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2772-2796. [PMID: 37036489 PMCID: PMC10120894 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with high prevalence and fatality. Cuproptosis is a recently identified copper-dependent programmed cell death mechanism. Multiple studies have demonstrated the profound impact of the immune microenvironment on tumor development. Hence, we decided to excavate the potential functional roles of cuproptosis-related immune genes (CRIGs) in GC and their values as biomarkers. METHODS Cuproptosis- and immune-related genes were curated from top published studies on cell cuproptosis and cellular immunity. Transcriptome data and clinical information were obtained from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases. Cox and LASSO analyses were used to establish a prognostic signature for GC. Long-term prognosis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint, and drug response were compared between signature groups. CRIG expression in GC scRNA-seq was analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate CRIG and cuproptosis regulator FDX1 in GC tissues. RESULTS Seven CRIGs (ANOS1, CTLA4, ITGAV, CXCR4, NRP1, FABP3, and LGR6) were selected to establish a potent signature to forecast the long-term prognosis of patients. GC patients had worse prognosis and poor responses to chemotherapeutic drugs (5-Fluorouracil and paclitaxel) in the high-risk group. scRNA-seq revealed that CTLA4, ITGAV, CXCR4, and NRP1 enrichment in specific cell types regulated the progression of GC. Moreover, NRP1, CXCR4, LGR6, CTLA4, and FDX1 were elevated in GC tissues, with a positive correlation between their expression and FDX1. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, this study first provides insights into the functions of CRIGs in GC. Furthermore, a robust cuproptosis-related immune biomarker signature was established to forecast the long-term survival of GC patients accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan He
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
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Morehead LC, Garg S, Wallis KF, Siegel ER, Tackett AJ, Miousse IR. Increased response to immune checkpoint inhibitors with dietary methionine restriction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535695. [PMID: 37066240 PMCID: PMC10104076 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction, defined as reduction of methionine intake by around 80%, reproducibly decreases tumor growth and synergizes with cancer therapies. Here, we combined dietary methionine restriction with immune checkpoint inhibitors in a model of colon adenocarcinoma. In vitro , we observed that methionine restriction increased the expression of MHC-I and PD-L1 in both mouse and human colorectal cancer cells. We also saw an increase in the gene expression of STING, a known inducer of type I interferon signaling. Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway, pharmacologically or with siRNA, blunted the increase in MHC-I and PD-L1 surface and gene expression following methionine restriction. PD-L1 expression was also This indicated that the cGAS-STING pathway in particular, and interferon in general, is playing a role in the immune response to methionine restriction. We then combined dietary methionine restriction with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeted against CTLA-4 and PD-1 in a MC38 colorectal cancer tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. The combination treatment was five times more effective at reducing tumor size than immune checkpoint inhibition alone in males. We noted sex differences in the response to dietary methionine restriction for the MC38 tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Finally, we observed an increase in PD-L1 protein expression in MC38 tumors from animals who were fed a methionine-restricted diet. Furthermore, the distribution of CD8 staining changed from mostly peripheric in the controls, to intratumoral in the methionine-restricted tumors. MHC-I, which has a high basal expression in MC38 cells, was highly expressed in all tumors. These results indicate that methionine restriction improves the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in mice, and that this improvement is associated with the cGAS-STING pathway and interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Morehead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Sarita Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Katherine F. Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Eric R. Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Isabelle R. Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Chen P, Yang W, Nagaoka K, Huang GL, Miyazaki T, Hong T, Li S, Igarashi K, Takeda K, Kakimi K, Kataoka K, Cabral H. An IL-12-Based Nanocytokine Safely Potentiates Anticancer Immunity through Spatiotemporal Control of Inflammation to Eradicate Advanced Cold Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205139. [PMID: 36739605 PMCID: PMC10074049 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of immunologically cold tumors is a major challenge for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Interleukin 12 (IL-12) can invigorate ICIs against cold tumors by establishing a robust antitumor immunity. However, its toxicity and systemic induction of counteracting immunosuppressive signals have hindered translation. Here, IL-12 activity is spatiotemporally controlled for safely boosting efficacy without the stimulation of interfering immune responses by generating a nanocytokine that remains inactive at physiological pH, but unleashes its full activity at acidic tumor pH. The IL-12-based nanocytokine (Nano-IL-12) accumulate and release IL-12 in tumor tissues, eliciting localized antitumoral inflammation, while preventing systemic immune response, counteractive immune reactions, and adverse toxicities even after repeated intravenous administration. The Nano-IL-12-mediated spatiotemporal control of inflammation prompt superior anticancer efficacy, and synergize with ICIs to profoundly inflame the tumor microenvironment and completely eradicate ICI-resistant primary and metastatic tumors. The strategy could be a promising approach toward safer and more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Chen
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of ImmunotherapeuticsThe University of Tokyo Hospital7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8655Japan
| | - George Lo Huang
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Red Arrow Therapeutics, Inc.7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0003Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology705‐1ShimoimaizumiEbina CityKanagawa243‐0435Japan
| | - Taehun Hong
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Shangwei Li
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Kazunori Igarashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0033Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Biofunctional MicrobiotaGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8421Japan
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyResearch Support CenterGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8421Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of ImmunotherapeuticsThe University of Tokyo Hospital7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8655Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM)Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion3‐25‐14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki‐kuKawasaki210‐0821Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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Butler K, Banday AR. APOBEC3-mediated mutagenesis in cancer: causes, clinical significance and therapeutic potential. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 36978147 PMCID: PMC10044795 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptides (APOBECs) are cytosine deaminases involved in innate and adaptive immunity. However, some APOBEC family members can also deaminate host genomes to generate oncogenic mutations. The resulting mutations, primarily signatures 2 and 13, occur in many tumor types and are among the most common mutational signatures in cancer. This review summarizes the current evidence implicating APOBEC3s as major mutators and outlines the exogenous and endogenous triggers of APOBEC3 expression and mutational activity. The review also discusses how APOBEC3-mediated mutagenesis impacts tumor evolution through both mutagenic and non-mutagenic pathways, including by inducing driver mutations and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Moving from molecular biology to clinical outcomes, the review concludes by summarizing the divergent prognostic significance of APOBEC3s across cancer types and their therapeutic potential in the current and future clinical landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Butler
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - A Rouf Banday
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Qu S, Huang C, Zhu T, Wang K, Zhang H, Wang L, Xu R, Zheng H, Yuan X, Liu G, Zhu R, Qu J, Yi G, Qi S. OLFML3, as a potential predictor of prognosis and therapeutic target for glioma, is closely related to immune cell infiltration. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shanqiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Chengying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Taichen Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Huayang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyang Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhang Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Qu
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Guozhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Nanfang Glioma Center Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain disease Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Nanfang Glioma Center Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain disease Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
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Cheng M, Liu Y, Guo Y, Li M, Xian S, Qin H, Yang Y, Qian W, Tang J, Lu Y, Yao Y, Zhang M, Jin M, Xu L, Huang R, Xu D. Pan-cancer analysis reveals signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) gene family as biomarkers for prognostic prediction and therapeutic guidance. Front Genet 2023; 14:1120500. [PMID: 36968603 PMCID: PMC10034013 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) gene family have been widely found to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis through complex signaling pathways, and thus impacting tumor formation and development in different types of tumor. However, the roles of STATs on prognostic prediction and therapeutic guidance in pan-cancer remain unexplored.Materials and Methods: The dataset of 33 types of TCGA tumor, para-carcinoma and normal tissues, was obtained from the UCSC Xena database, including the gene expression profiles in the formats of FPKM value, demographic characteristics, clinical information, and survival data of STATs. Differential expression and co-expression analyses, WGCNA, clinical relevance analysis, immune subtype analysis, tumor stemness analysis, tumor purity analysis, immune infiltration analysis, immunotherapy related analysis, tumor mutation related analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis were performed by R software.Results: Differential expression of STAT1 was found between normal and BRCA tissues (p < 0.001, log2FC = 0.895). Additionally, the strongest correlation among STATs lied between STAT1 and STAT2 (correlation coefficient = 0.6). Moreover, high expression levels of STAT1 (p = 0.031) were revealed to be notably correlated with poor prognosis in KIRP. In addition, STAT1 expressed the highest value in immune subtypes C1, C2, C3, and C6 in LUAD. What’s more, strong negative correlations were demonstrated between expression of STAT6 and mDNAss and mRNAss of TGCT. Additionally, STAT4 expression was characterized to be significantly negatively correlated with tumor purity of the majority of cancer types. Moreover, STAT1 and STAT3 were shown to be generally high-expressed in pan-cancer myeloid cells, and STATs all had positive correlation with the infiltration of the majority of immune cells. In addition, STATs were revealed to be closely linked with immunotherapy response. What’s more, STAT4 expression was identified to have a strong negative correlation with TMB value in DLBC. Last but not least, positive correlations were accessed between STAT5 and sensitivity of Nelarabine (cor = 0.600, p < 0.001).Conclusion: In the present study, we identified STATs as biomarkers for prognostic prediction and therapeutic guidance in pan-cancer. Hopefully our findings could provide a valuable reference for future STATs research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Cheng
- Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangkun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengwei Qin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieling Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuntao Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Xu
- Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Long Xu, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Dayuan Xu,
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Long Xu, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Dayuan Xu,
| | - Dayuan Xu
- Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Long Xu, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Dayuan Xu,
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Prognostic Role of Soluble and Extracellular Vesicle-Associated PD-L1, B7-H3 and B7-H4 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060832. [PMID: 36980174 PMCID: PMC10047289 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed dramatically with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Despite encouraging results, their efficacy remains limited to a subgroup of patients. Circulating immune checkpoints in soluble (s) form and associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent promising markers, especially in ICI-based therapeutic settings. We evaluated the prognostic role of PD-L1 and of two B7 family members (B7-H3, B7-H4), both soluble and EV-associated, in a cohort of advanced NSCLC patients treated with first- (n = 56) or second-line (n = 126) ICIs. In treatment-naïve patients, high baseline concentrations of sPD-L1 (>24.2 pg/mL) were linked to worse survival, whereas high levels of sB7-H3 (>0.5 ng/mL) and sB7-H4 (>63.9 pg/mL) were associated with better outcomes. EV characterization confirmed the presence of EVs positive for PD-L1 and B7-H3, while only a small portion of EVs expressed B7-H4. The comparison between biomarker levels at the baseline and in the first radiological assessment under ICI-based treatment showed a significant decrease in EV-PD-L1 and an increase in EV-B7H3 in patients in the disease response to ICIs. Our study shows that sPD-L1, sB7-H3 and sB7-H4 levels are emerging prognostic markers in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs and suggests potential EV involvement in the disease response to ICIs.
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Histological Type, Cytotoxic T Cells and Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment Affect the PD-L1 Status of Gastric Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030709. [PMID: 36979688 PMCID: PMC10045029 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) therapies include gastrectomy and chemoradiotherapy. The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) has implications for potential immunotherapy. We analyzed the expression of PD-L1, CD8, CTLA-4 and IFN-γ in the tumor and regional lymph node (LN) of patients with GC and compared it with clinical and pathological data. Paraffin blocks were collected from 97 patients undergoing gastrectomy/lymphadenectomy for GC. Double immunohistochemistry was performed for CD8 and PD-L1 and double immunofluorescence for CTLA-4 and IFN-γ. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was associated with intestinal GC type (p = 0.046), the density of macrophages and CD8 + T cells (p < 0.001, both). The median number of CD8+ T cells was higher in PD-L1-positive than in -negative tumors. A cut-off of 28.5 CD8 + T cells in one high-magnification field predicted PD-L1-positive tumors (AUROC 0.797, sensitivity 74.2%, specificity 77.3%). IFN-γ expression in tumor cells was found in 37 GCs and was positively associated with CTLA4+ lymphocytes in the LN (p = 0.027) and CTLA4+/IFN-γ+ in tumors and the LN (all p < 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) was 17 months. In the group of deceased patients, IFN-γ expression in metastases correlated with lower OS (RHO = −0.314, p = 0.008). PD-L1 expression in tumor cells correlated with CD8 + T cells and macrophages in the TME and IFN-γ expression with suppressive CTLA4+/IFNγ+ immune cells in the TME and LN.
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Liu WW, Zhang ZY, Wang F, Wang H. Emerging roles of m6A RNA modification in cancer therapeutic resistance. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 36810281 PMCID: PMC9942381 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Marvelous advancements have been made in cancer therapies to improve clinical outcomes over the years. However, therapeutic resistance has always been a major difficulty in cancer therapy, with extremely complicated mechanisms remain elusive. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, a hotspot in epigenetics, has gained growing attention as a potential determinant of therapeutic resistance. As the most prevalent RNA modification, m6A is involved in every links of RNA metabolism, including RNA splicing, nuclear export, translation and stability. Three kinds of regulators, "writer" (methyltransferase), "eraser" (demethylase) and "reader" (m6A binding proteins), together orchestrate the dynamic and reversible process of m6A modification. Herein, we primarily reviewed the regulatory mechanisms of m6A in therapeutic resistance, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Then we discussed the clinical potential of m6A modification to overcome resistance and optimize cancer therapy. Additionally, we proposed existing problems in current research and prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Liu
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Zhang
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Neurosurgical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China.
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46
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Falcinelli M, Al-Hity G, Baron S, Mampay M, Allen MC, Samuels M, Jones W, Cilibrasi C, Flaherty RL, Giamas G, Thaker PH, Flint MS. Propranolol reduces IFN-γ driven PD-L1 immunosuppression and improves anti-tumour immunity in ovarian cancer. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:1-12. [PMID: 36796704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in controlling epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). EOC is considered to be a "cold tumour," a tumour that has not triggered a strong response by the immune system. However, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the expression of programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) are used as prognostic indicators in EOC. Immunotherapy such as PD-(L)1 inhibitors have shown limited benefit in EOC. Since the immune system is affected by behavioural stress and the beta-adrenergic signalling pathway, this study aimed to explore the impact of propranolol (PRO), a beta-blocker, on anti-tumour immunity in both in vitro and in vivo EOC models. Noradrenaline (NA), an adrenergic agonist, did not directly regulate PD-L1 expression but PD-L1 was significantly upregulated by IFN-γ in EOC cell lines. IFN-γ also increased PD-L1 on extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by ID8 cells. PRO significantly decreased IFN-γ levels in primary immune cells activated ex vivo and showed increased viability of the CD8+ cell population in an EV-immune cell co-incubation. In addition, PRO reverted PD-L1 upregulation and significantly decreased IL-10 levels in an immune-cancer cell co-culture. Chronic behavioural stress increased metastasis in mice while PRO monotherapy and the combo of PRO and PD-(L)1 inhibitor significantly decreased stress-induced metastasis. The combined therapy also reduced tumour weight compared to the cancer control group and induced anti-tumour T-cell responses with significant CD8 expression in tumour tissues. In conclusion, PRO showed a modulation of the cancer immune response by decreasing IFN-γ production and, in turn, IFN-γ-mediated PD-L1 overexpression. The combined therapy of PRO and PD-(L)1 inhibitor decreased metastasis and improved anti-tumour immunity offering a promising new therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Falcinelli
- University of Brighton, School of Pharmacy & Biosciences, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - G Al-Hity
- University of Brighton, School of Pharmacy & Biosciences, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - S Baron
- University of Brighton, School of Pharmacy & Biosciences, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - M Mampay
- University of Brighton, School of Pharmacy & Biosciences, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - M C Allen
- University of Brighton, School of Pharmacy & Biosciences, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - M Samuels
- University of Sussex, Department for Biochemistry and Biomedicine, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - W Jones
- University of Sussex, Department for Biochemistry and Biomedicine, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - C Cilibrasi
- University of Sussex, Department for Biochemistry and Biomedicine, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Renee L Flaherty
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, SW3 6JG London, UK
| | - G Giamas
- University of Sussex, Department for Biochemistry and Biomedicine, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - P H Thaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - M S Flint
- University of Brighton, School of Pharmacy & Biosciences, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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47
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Wang J, Li C, He K, Kuang Z, Lu J, Yao Y, He F, Li N, Li L, Fu F, Wu Z, Zhou S, Kang D, Qiu X, Wu M, Liu Y, Cao X, Xu M, Chen B, Wu W, Guo F. Characterization of anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody, a potential therapy for B cell malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:493-507. [PMID: 35963895 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
High rates of relapse and poor prognosis confer an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs). Herein, we describe a human IgG-like anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody (IBI38D9-L) that selectively depletes antigen-positive malignant B cells as an alternative treatment option for relapsed or refractory NHL patients. The antitumor activity and mechanism of action of IBI38D9-L were investigated in vitro using B-NHL cell lines and human primary effector cells and in vivo using xenograft models reconstituted with human PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and preclinical toxicology were evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys and HSC-NPG mice. IBI38D9-L exerted potent B cell killing as well as T cell activation and proliferation in a tumor cell-dependent manner in vitro and was active against B-NHL cell lines with various CD79b expression levels. Subcutaneous xenograft tumors in NOG mice engrafted with human PBMCs were eradicated by IBI38D9-L treatment. Moreover, IBI38D9-L-treated mice showed a strong infiltration of activated T cells. In HSC-NPG mice, IBI38D9-L resulted in potent B cell depletion in peripheral blood and induced only slight body weight loss and cytokine release syndrome without significant toxicological findings. In cynomolgus monkeys, IBI38D9-L was well tolerated with good pharmacokinetic profiles. Collectively, these preclinical efficacy and safety data provide strong scientific rationales for using anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody as a promising therapeutic agent for B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaijie He
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Kuang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fufan He
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ninghuan Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenggen Fu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Dian Kang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochao Cao
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqiu Xu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingliang Chen
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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48
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Abiko K, Hamanishi J, Matsumura N, Mandai M. Dynamic host immunity and PD-L1/PD-1 blockade efficacy: developments after "IFN-γ from lymphocytes induces PD-L1 expression and promotes progression of ovarian cancer". Br J Cancer 2023; 128:461-467. [PMID: 36068276 PMCID: PMC9938281 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the article titled "IFN-γ from lymphocytes induces PD-L1 expression and promotes progression of ovarian cancer" in 2015, we showed that PD-L1 expression is induced by IFN-γ from lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment. This article proposed that PD-L1 expression in cancer cells is not stable but varies among cases, or even within a case, which is influenced by the stromal infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors, especially anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, are now widely used to treat various types of cancer. Predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors include PD-L1 expression, MSI/mismatch repair deficiency and high tumour mutation burden. However, clinical trials have proven that their use in ovarian cancer is still challenging. Reliable biomarkers and new treatment strategies may be sought by elucidating the complex immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer. Although the interaction between cytotoxic lymphocytes and PD-1/PD-L1 on tumour cells is at the centre of therapeutic targets, other immune checkpoints and various immunosuppressive cells also play important roles in ovarian cancer. Targeting these role players in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Abiko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka prefecture, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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49
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Zhu J, Li Y, Lv X. IL4I1 enhances PD-L1 expression through JAK/STAT signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:17-25. [PMID: 36056935 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major type of lung cancer and is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. IL4I1, as a gene associated with unsatisfactory prognosis, is involved in tumor immune escape, but its immune regulatory mechanism in LUAD is limited. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to analyze the differentially expressed mRNAs and enriched signaling pathways in LUAD tissue. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was manipulated to test IL4I1 expression. We carried out several methods to examine cell functions: CCK-8 to measure LUAD cell proliferation; flow cytometry to determine cell apoptosis; Western blot to assess the expression of JAK/STAT pathway-related proteins and PD-L1; T cell cytotoxicity assay to evaluate the effect of IL4I1 on the immune escape of LUAD cells. Through bioinformatics analysis, IL4I1 was verified to be highly expressed in LUAD tissue, participate in the modulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and be positively associated with CD274 (PD-L1) expression. Cell function experiments indicated that silencing IL4I1 notably repressed LUAD cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. IL4I1 silence would block JAK/STAT signaling pathway, but this effect could be reversed by RO8191 activator treatment. Moreover, IL4I1 silence suppressed PD-L1 expression and facilitated T cell cytotoxicity, while its inhibitory impact on PD-L1 expression and immune escape of LUAD cells could be reversed by atezolizumab treatment. Overall, we confirmed that IL4I1 promoted the malignant cell behaviors and immune escape of LUAD through JAK/STAT signaling pathway. IL4I1 has the potential to be a diagnostic biomarker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No.29 Taihang Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yan Li
- Prevention and Control Department, Xuzhou Oriental People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xu Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No.29 Taihang Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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50
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Wu YX, Zhou XY, Wang JQ, Chen GM, Chen JX, Wang RC, Huang JQ, Chen JS. Application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy for gastric cancer. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:101-115. [PMID: 36597704 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. With the development of immunotherapy, especially the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer has improved. At present, ICIs combined with other therapies or dual ICI strategies in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer have shown clinical effectiveness and controllable safety. In addition, predictive biomarkers facilitate the precise selection of patients. Therefore, it is crucial to explore rational combinations and reliable predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy. This article reviews the recent advances in ICIs and relevant predictive biomarkers in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jian-Qi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Gao-Min Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jin-Xu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rong-Chang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiong-Qiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing-Song Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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