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Zhang A, Zou X, Yang S, Yang H, Ma Z, Li J. Effect of NETs/COX-2 pathway on immune microenvironment and metastasis in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177604. [PMID: 37153547 PMCID: PMC10156975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are crucial in the progression of several cancers. The formation of NETs is closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the granule proteins involved in nucleosome depolymerization under the action of ROS together with the loosened DNA compose the basic structure of NETs. This study aims to investigate the specific mechanisms of NETs promoting gastric cancer metastasis in order to perfect the existing immunotherapy strategies. Methods In this study, the cells and tumor tissues of gastric cancer were detected by immunological experiments, real-time polymerase chain reaction and cytology experiments. Besides, bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze the correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer, as well as its effect on immunotherapy. Results Examination of clinical specimens showed that NETs were deposited in tumor tissues of patients with gastric cancer and their expression was significantly correlated with tumor staging. Bioinformatics analysis showed that COX-2 was involved in gastric cancer progression and was associated with immune cell infiltration as well as immunotherapy. In vitro experiments, we demonstrated that NETs could activate COX-2 through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and thus enhance the metastatic ability of gastric cancer cells. In addition, in a liver metastasis model of nude mice we also demonstrated the critical role of NETs and COX-2 in the distant metastasis of gastric cancer. Conclusion NETs can promote gastric cancer metastasis by initiating COX-2 through TLR2, and COX-2 may become a target for gastric cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoming Zou,
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
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Jiangang S, Nayoung K, Hongfang W, Junda L, Li C, Xuefeng B, Mingsong L. COX-2 strengthens the effects of acid and bile salts on human esophageal cells and Barrett esophageal cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:19. [PMID: 35413817 PMCID: PMC9004192 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Investigate the effect and mechanism of COX-2 on viability, intestinal metaplasia, and atypia in human esophageal squamous and Barrett esophageal cell lines. Methods Human esophageal squamous and Barrett esophageal cell lines were transfected with a COX-2 expression vector and a COX-2 siRNA, and then were treated with acid, bile salts, and a mixture of both. Cell viability, the expression of COX-2, NF-κB(p65), CDX-2, MUC2, c-myb, and BMP-4, and the morphology and microstructure of cells were then observed. Results The viability of COX-2 overexpressed cells was significantly higher than that of control cells, while the viability of COX-2 siRNA-treated cells was significantly lower than that of control cells. Intestinal metaplasia and atypia were observed in cells overexpressing COX-2. Acid, bile salts, and their mixture inhibited the viability of these two cell lines, but the inhibitory effect of the mixture was stronger than a single treatment in either. SiRNA mediated knockdown of COX-2 strengthened the antiproliferative effects of the mixture on HET-1A and BAR-T cells. The expression of p-p65, CDX-2, and BMP-4 was positively correlated with COX-2 expression, while the expression levels of p65, MUC2, and c-myb remained unchanged. Conclusion COX-2 may influence the viability, atypia, and intestinal metaplasia of human esophageal cells and Barrett esophageal cells. Activation of the p-p65, CDX-2, and BMP-4 signaling pathways by COX-2 may be part of this mechanism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-022-00418-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Jiangang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Longhua District People' Hospital, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Kang Nayoung
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wang Hongfang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Luohu People' Hospital, Shenzhen, 518003, China
| | - Li Junda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Longhua District People' Hospital, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Longhua District People' Hospital, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Bai Xuefeng
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Medical Centre, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li Mingsong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Varkalaite G, Vaitkeviciute E, Inciuraite R, Salteniene V, Juzenas S, Petkevicius V, Gudaityte R, Mickevicius A, Link A, Kupcinskas L, Leja M, Kupcinskas J, Skieceviciene J. Atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer tissue miRNome analysis reveals hsa-miR-129-1 and hsa-miR-196a as potential early diagnostic biomarkers. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:653-664. [PMID: 35317427 PMCID: PMC8900545 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i6.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumor globally. In most cases, GC develops in a stepwise manner from chronic gastritis or atrophic gastritis (AG) to cancer. One of the major issues in clinical settings of GC is diagnosis at advanced disease stages resulting in poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding molecules that play an essential role in a variety of fundamental biological processes. However, clinical potential of miRNA profiling in the gastric cancerogenesis, especially in premalignant GC cases, remains unclear.
AIM To evaluate the AG and GC tissue miRNomes and identify specific miRNAs’ potential for clinical applications (e.g., non-invasive diagnostics).
METHODS Study included a total of 125 subjects: Controls (CON), AG, and GC patients. All study subjects were recruited at the Departments of Surgery or Gastroenterology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and divided into the profiling (n = 60) and validation (n = 65) cohorts. Total RNA isolated from tissue samples was used for preparation of small RNA sequencing libraries and profiled using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Based on NGS data, deregulated miRNAs hsa-miR-129-1-3p and hsa-miR-196a-5p were analyzed in plasma samples of independent cohort consisting of CON, AG, and GC patients. Expression level of hsa-miR-129-1-3p and hsa-miR-196a-5p was determined using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and 2-ΔΔCt method.
RESULTS Results of tissue analysis revealed 20 differentially expressed miRNAs in AG group compared to CON group, 129 deregulated miRNAs in GC compared to CON, and 99 altered miRNAs comparing GC and AG groups. Only 2 miRNAs (hsa-miR-129-1-3p and hsa-miR-196a-5p) were identified to be step-wise deregulated in healthy-premalignant-malignant sequence. Area under the curve (AUC)-receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that expression level of hsa-miR-196a-5p is significant for discrimination of CON vs AG, CON vs GC and AG vs GC and resulted in AUCs: 88.0%, 93.1% and 66.3%, respectively. Compar-ing results in tissue and plasma samples, hsa-miR-129-1-3p was significantly down-regulated in GC compared to AG (P = 0.0021 and P = 0.024, tissue and plasma, respectively). Moreover, analysis revealed that hsa-miR-215-3p/5p and hsa-miR-934 were significantly deregulated in GC based on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status [log2 fold change (FC) = -4.52, P-adjusted = 0.02; log2FC = -4.00, P-adjusted = 0.02; log2FC = 6.09, P-adjusted = 0.02, respectively].
CONCLUSION Comprehensive miRNome study provides evidence for gradual deregulation of hsa-miR-196a-5p and hsa-miR-129-1-3p in gastric carcinogenesis and found hsa-miR-215-3p/5p and hsa-miR-934 to be significantly deregulated in H. pylori carrying GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Varkalaite
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Vaitkeviciute
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Inciuraite
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Salteniene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Juzenas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Vytenis Petkevicius
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Rita Gudaityte
- Department of Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Mickevicius
- Department of Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga 1586, Latvia
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania
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Dan W, Peng L, Yan B, Li Z, Pan F. Human Microbiota in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:791274. [PMID: 35126331 PMCID: PMC8815000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.791274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the main subtypes of esophageal cancer. The incidence rate of EAC increased progressively while the 5-year relative survival rates were poor in the past two decades. The mechanism of EAC has been studied extensively in relation to genetic factors, but less so with respect to human microbiota. Currently, researches about the relationship between EAC and the human microbiota is a newly emerging field of study. Herein, we present the current state of knowledge linking human microbiota to esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesion—gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus. There are specific human bacterial alternations in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis. And bacterial dysbiosis plays an important role in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis via inflammation, microbial metabolism and genotoxicity. Based on the human microbiota alternation in the EAC cascade, it provides potential microbiome-based clinical application. This review is focused on novel targets in prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Dan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Pan,
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Riahi Rad Z, Riahi Rad Z, Goudarzi H, Goudarzi M, Mahmoudi M, Yasbolaghi Sharahi J, Hashemi A. MicroRNAs in the interaction between host-bacterial pathogens: A new perspective. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6249-6270. [PMID: 33599300 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation plays a critical role in host-pathogen interactions, and RNAs function is essential in this process. miRNAs are small noncoding, endogenous RNA fragments that affect stability and/or translation of mRNAs, act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA is involved in regulating many biological or pathological processes through targeting specific mRNAs, including development, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and autophagy. Deregulated microRNA expression is associated with many types of diseases, including cancers, immune disturbances, and infection. miRNAs are a vital section of the host immune response to bacterial-made infection. Bacterial pathogens suppress host miRNA expression for their benefit, promoting survival, replication, and persistence. The role played through miRNAs in interaction with host-bacterial pathogen has been extensively studied in the past 10 years, and knowledge about these staggering molecules' function can clarify the complicated and ambiguous interactions of the host-bacterial pathogen. Here, we review how pathogens prevent the host miRNA expression. We briefly discuss emerging themes in this field, including their role as biomarkers in identifying bacterial infections, as part of the gut microbiota, on host miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Riahi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Riahi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yasbolaghi Sharahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Liu H, Yan R, Liang L, Zhang H, Xiang J, Liu L, Zhang X, Mao Y, Peng W, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Zhou Y, Shi M, Wang Y, Guo B. The role of CDX2 in renal tubular lesions during diabetic kidney disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6782-6803. [PMID: 33621200 PMCID: PMC7993706 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubules are vulnerable targets of various factors causing kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the degree of tubular lesions is closely related to renal function. Abnormal renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) differentiation and depletion of cell junction proteins are important in DKD pathogenesis. Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2), represents a key nuclear transcription factor that maintains normal proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CDX2 on RTECs differentiation and cell junction proteins in DKD. The results demonstrated that CDX2 was mainly localized in renal tubules, and downregulated in various DKD models. CDX2 upregulated E-cadherin and suppressed partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which can alleviate hyperglycemia-associated RTECs injury. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was regulated by CDX2 in NRK-52E cells, and CFTR interfered with β-catenin activation by binding to Dvl2, which is an essential component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CFTR knockdown abolished the suppressive effects of CDX2 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby upregulating cell junction proteins and inhibiting partial EMT in RTECs. In summary, CDX2 can improve renal tubular lesions during DKD by increasing CFTR amounts to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Luqun Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanwen Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Aguilar C, Mano M, Eulalio A. Multifaceted Roles of microRNAs in Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interaction. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0002-2019. [PMID: 31152522 PMCID: PMC11026079 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0002-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a well-characterized class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Accordingly, miRNAs have been associated with a wide range of fundamental biological processes and implicated in human diseases. During the past decade, miRNAs have also been recognized for their role in the complex interplay between the host and bacterial pathogens, either as part of the host response to counteract infection or as a molecular strategy employed by bacteria to subvert host pathways for their own benefit. Importantly, the characterization of downstream miRNA targets and their underlying mechanisms of action has uncovered novel molecular factors and pathways relevant to infection. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the miRNA response to bacterial infection, focusing on different bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium spp., and Helicobacter pylori, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguilar
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-Based Therapeutics Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- RNA & Infection Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Mechanisms of Inflammasome Signaling, microRNA Induction and Resolution of Inflammation by Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:267-302. [PMID: 31123893 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome-controlled transcription and subsequent cleavage-mediated activation of mature IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines exemplify a crucial innate immune mechanism to combat intruding pathogens. Helicobacter pylori represents a predominant persistent infection in humans, affecting approximately half of the population worldwide, and is associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β plays a central role in gastric tumorigenesis. Infection by H. pylori was recently reported to stimulate the inflammasome both in cells of the mouse and human immune systems. Using mouse models and in vitro cultured cell systems, the bacterial pathogenicity factors and molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation have been analyzed. On the one hand, it appears that H. pylori-stimulated IL-1β production is triggered by engagement of the immune receptors TLR2 and NLRP3, and caspase-1. On the other hand, microRNA hsa-miR-223-3p is induced by the bacteria, which controls the expression of NLRP3. This regulating effect by H. pylori on microRNA expression was also described for more than 60 additionally identified microRNAs, indicating a prominent role for inflammatory and other responses. Besides TLR2, TLR9 becomes activated by H. pylori DNA and further TLR10 stimulated by the bacteria induce the secretion of IL-8 and TNF, respectively. Interestingly, TLR-dependent pathways can accelerate both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during H. pylori infection. Balancing from a pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation phenotype results in a reduction in immune attack, allowing H. pylori to persistently colonize and to survive in the gastric niche. In this chapter, we will pinpoint the role of H. pylori in TLR- and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent signaling together with the differential functions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the impact of microRNAs on H. pylori-host interaction will be discussed, and its role in resolution of infection versus chronic infection, as well as in gastric disease development.
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Aguilar C, Mano M, Eulalio A. MicroRNAs at the Host-Bacteria Interface: Host Defense or Bacterial Offense. Trends Microbiol 2018; 27:206-218. [PMID: 30477908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They are currently recognized for their important role in the intricate interaction between host and bacterial pathogens, either as part of the host immune response to neutralize infection, or as a molecular strategy employed by bacteria to hijack host pathways for their own benefit. Here, we summarize recent advances on the function of miRNAs during infection of mammalian hosts by bacterial pathogens, highlighting key cellular pathways. In addition, we discuss emerging themes in this field, including the participation of miRNAs in host-microbiota crosstalk and cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguilar
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; RNA & Infection Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Kountouras J, Polyzos SA, Doulberis M, Zeglinas C, Artemaki F, Vardaka E, Deretzi G, Giartza-Taxidou E, Tzivras D, Vlachaki E, Kazakos E, Katsinelos P, Mantzoros CS. Potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome on upper and lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. Metabolism 2018; 87:18-24. [PMID: 29936174 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori infection and metabolic syndrome present significant global public health burdens. Metabolic syndrome is closely related to insulin resistance, the major underlying mechanism responsible for metabolic abnormalities, and Helicobacter pylori infection has been proposed to be a contributing factor. There is growing evidence for a potential association between Helicobacter pylori infection and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and related morbidity, including abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, all of which increase mortality related to cardio-cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and malignancies. More specifically, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia have been associated with upper and lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. Apart from cardio-cerebrovascular, degenerative diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a number of studies claim that Helicobacter pylori infection is implicated in metabolic syndrome-related Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma development, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric oncogenesis as well as lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. This review summarizes evidence on the potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome on gastroesophageal reflux disease-Barrett's esophagus-esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric atrophy-intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-gastric cancer and colorectal adenoma-dysplasia-colorectal cancer sequences. Helicobacter pylori eradication might inhibit these oncogenic processes, and thus further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Zeglinas
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Fotini Artemaki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vardaka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Sindos, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | | | | | - Efthymia Vlachaki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tong D, Liu Q, Wang LA, Xie Q, Pang J, Huang Y, Wang L, Liu G, Zhang D, Lan W, Jiang J. The roles of the COX2/PGE2/EP axis in therapeutic resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:355-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Teng G, Dai Y, Chu Y, Li J, Zhang H, Wu T, Shuai X, Wang W. Helicobacter pylori induces caudal-type homeobox protein 2 and cyclooxygenase 2 expression by modulating microRNAs in esophageal epithelial cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:297-307. [PMID: 29215765 PMCID: PMC5797820 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been linked to virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori. The role of H. pylori in esophageal disease has not been clearly defined. We previously reported that H. pylori esophageal colonization promotes the incidence of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma in vivo. Here, we studied the direct effects of H. pylori on the transformation of esophageal epithelial cells, with particular focus on whether H. pylori exerts its effects by modulating miRNAs and their downstream target genes. The normal human esophageal cell line HET‐1A was chronically exposed to H. pylori extract and/or acidified deoxycholic acid for up to 36 weeks. The miRNA profiles of the esophageal epithelial cells associated with H. pylori infection were determined by microarray analysis. We found that chronic H. pylori exposure promoted acidified deoxycholic acid‐induced morphological changes in HET‐1A cells, along with aberrant overexpression of intestinal metaplasia markers and tumorigenic factors, including caudal‐type homeobox protein 2 (CDX2), mucin 2, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). Helicobacter pylori modified the miRNA profiles of esophageal epithelial cells, particularly aberrant silencing of miR‐212‐3p and miR‐361‐3p. Moreover, in biopsies from Barrett's esophagus patients, esophageal H. pylori colonization was associated with a significant decrease in miR‐212‐3p and miR‐361‐3p expression. Furthermore, we identified COX2 as a target of miR‐212‐3p, and CDX2 as a target of miR‐361‐3p. Helicobacter pylori infection of esophageal epithelial cells was associated with miRNA‐mediated upregulation of oncoprotein CDX2 and COX2. Our observations provide new evidence about the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between H. pylori infection and esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guigen Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiang Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Meitan General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Shuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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García Robayo DA, Castañeda DA, Baena JD, Cid Arregui A, Aristizabal FA. Expresión de EDNRB y CDX2 posibles biomarcadores en progresión al cáncer cervical. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v20n1.64114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
De acuerdo a la historia natural del cáncer del cuello uterino, en donde las lesiones preneoplásicas de bajo y alto grado pueden presentar fenómenos de regresión o progresión, existe gran interés en la búsqueda de biomarcadores que permita predecir la evolución de las lesiones preneoplásicas del cérvix hacia la progresión o regresión de la enfermedad. Estos biomarcadores pudieran ser de origen genético, o epigenético que alteren la expresión de los genes y que pudieran estar asociados con la carcinogénesis en diferentes tipos de tejido humano. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la expresión del mARN de los genes SFRP1, PTPRN, CDO1, EDNRB, CDX2, EPB41L3 y HAND1 en muestras negativas para lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales (n=9), muestras con lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado (n=10) y alto grado (n=11). Se realizó análisis de expresión de los genes mencionados mediante qRT-PCR y el análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la prueba no paramétrica de ANOVA. La diferencia estadística se determinó en valores p< 0,05. Para los genes EDNRB y CDX2 se observó disminución 66,7% en las muestras sin alteraciones histológicas cervicales, comparado con una disminución en la expresión del 50% en muestras con LIEBG y para el grupo de LIEAG del 36,4% para el gen EDNRB y del 27,3% para el gen CDX2 dando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa p= 0,02. Sugiriendo que EDNRB y CDX2 podrían ser útiles como posibles biomarcadores en la carcinogénesis cervical.
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