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Wu X, Shi Y, Hu B, Zhao P, Li S, Xiao L, Wang S, Zhang K. TEAD4 regulates KRT8 and YAP in preimplantation embryos in mice but not in cattle. Reproduction 2024; 167:e230322. [PMID: 38206180 DOI: 10.1530/rep-23-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In brief Lineage specification plays a vital role in preimplantation development. TEAD4 is an essential transcription factor for trophectoderm lineage specification in mice but not in cattle. Abstract Tead4, a critical transcription factor expressed during preimplantation development, is essential for the expression of trophectoderm-specific genes in mice. However, the functional mechanism of TEAD4 in mouse preimplantation development and its conservation across mammals remain unclear. Here, we report that Tead4 is a crucial transcription factor necessary for blastocyst formation in mice. Disruption of Tead4 through base editing results in developmental arrest at the morula stage. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis reveals dysregulation of 670 genes in Tead4 knockout embryos. As anticipated, Tead4 knockout led to a decrease in trophectoderm genes Cdx2 and Gata3. Intriguingly, we observed a reduction in Krt8, suggesting that Tead4 influences the integrity of the trophectoderm epithelium in mice. More importantly, we noted a dramatic decrease in nuclear Yap in outside cells for Tead4-deficient morula, indicating that Tead4 directly regulates Hippo signaling. In contrast, bovine embryos with TEAD4 depletion could still develop to blastocysts with normal expression of CDX2, GATA3, and SOX2, albeit with a decrease in total cell number and ICM cell number. In conclusion, we propose that Tead4 regulates mouse blastocyst formation via Krt8 and Yap, both of which are critical regulators of mouse preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lieying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Li J, Zeng Q, Lin J, Huang H, Chen L. Loss of SATB2 and CDX2 expression is associated with DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency and BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2024; 57:1-10. [PMID: 37583001 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the expression of the SATB2 and CDX2 proteins and common molecular changes and clinical prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) still needs further clarification. We collected 1180 cases of CRC and explored the association between the expression of SATB2 and CDX2 and clinicopathological characteristics, molecular alterations, and overall survival of CRC using whole-slide immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that negative expression of SATB2 and CDX2 was more common in MMR-protein-deficient CRC than in MMR-protein-proficient CRC (15.8% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.001; 14.5% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.000, respectively). Negative expression of SATB2 and CDX2 was more common in BRAF-mutant CRC than in BRAF wild-type CRC (17.2% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.003; 13.8% vs. 4. 2%; P = 0.004, respectively). There was no relationship between SATB2 and/or CDX2 negative expression and KRAS, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations. The lack of expression of SATB2 and CDX2 was associated with poor histopathological features of CRC. In multivariate analysis, negative expression of SATB2 (P = 0.030), negative expression of CDX2 (P = 0.043) and late clinical stage (P = 0.000) were associated with decreased overall survival of CRC. In conclusion, the lack of SATB2 and CDX2 expression in CRC was associated with MMR protein deficiency and BRAF mutation, but not with KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA mutation. SATB2 and CDX2 are prognostic biomarkers in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhen Li
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Haijian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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Bulger EA, McDevitt TC, Bruneau BG. CDX2 dose-dependently influences the gene regulatory network underlying human extraembryonic mesoderm development. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060323. [PMID: 38451093 PMCID: PMC10979512 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of Cdx2 in vivo leads to stunted development of the allantois, an extraembryonic mesoderm-derived structure critical for nutrient delivery and waste removal in the early embryo. Here, we investigate how CDX2 dose-dependently influences the gene regulatory network underlying extraembryonic mesoderm development. By engineering human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) consisting of wild-type (WT), heterozygous (CDX2-Het), and homozygous null CDX2 (CDX2-KO) genotypes, differentiating these cells in a 2D gastruloid model, and subjecting these cells to single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing, we identify several pathways that are dose-dependently regulated by CDX2 including VEGF and non-canonical WNT. snATAC-seq reveals that CDX2-Het cells retain a WT-like chromatin accessibility profile, suggesting accessibility alone is not sufficient to drive this variability in gene expression. Because the loss of CDX2 or TBXT phenocopy one another in vivo, we compared differentially expressed genes in our CDX2-KO to those from TBXT-KO hiPSCs differentiated in an analogous experiment. This comparison identifies several communally misregulated genes that are critical for cytoskeletal integrity and tissue permeability. Together, these results clarify how CDX2 dose-dependently regulates gene expression in the extraembryonic mesoderm and reveal pathways that may underlie the defects in vascular development and allantoic elongation seen in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Bulger
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G. Bruneau
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Yang L, Tu L, Bisht S, Mao Y, Petkovich D, Thursby SJ, Liang J, Patel N, Yen RWC, Largent T, Zahnow C, Brock M, Gabrielson K, Salimian KJ, Baylin SB, Easwaran H. Tissue-location-specific transcription programs drive tumor dependencies in colon cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1384. [PMID: 38360902 PMCID: PMC10869357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the same tissue-type but in anatomically distinct locations exhibit different molecular dependencies for tumorigenesis. Proximal and distal colon cancers exemplify such characteristics, with BRAFV600E predominantly occurring in proximal colon cancers along with increased DNA methylation phenotype. Using mouse colon organoids, here we show that proximal and distal colon stem cells have distinct transcriptional programs that regulate stemness and differentiation. We identify that the homeobox transcription factor, CDX2, which is silenced by DNA methylation in proximal colon cancers, is a key mediator of the differential transcriptional programs. Cdx2-mediated proximal colon-specific transcriptional program concurrently is tumor suppressive, and Cdx2 loss sufficiently creates permissive state for BRAFV600E-driven transformation. Human proximal colon cancers with CDX2 downregulation showed similar transcriptional program as in mouse proximal organoids with Cdx2 loss. Developmental transcription factors, such as CDX2, are thus critical in maintaining tissue-location specific transcriptional programs that create tissue-type origin specific dependencies for tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Yang
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China
| | - Lei Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shilpa Bisht
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Yiqing Mao
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Daniel Petkovich
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sara-Jayne Thursby
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jinxiao Liang
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nibedita Patel
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ray-Whay Chiu Yen
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Tina Largent
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Cynthia Zahnow
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Malcolm Brock
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kathy Gabrielson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 863 Broadway Research Building, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2196, USA
| | - Kevan J Salimian
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Jiao L, Liang L, Bo W, Zhang M, Li X, Fu X, Wang X. Combined Use of Helicobacter pylori Genotyping and CDX2 Expression as a Predictor of Malignant Potential in Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2024; 54:9-16. [PMID: 38514066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrointestinal metaplasia (GIM) has a close relationship with gastric cancer (GC), but it is unclear how to judge which GIM could develop into GC. This study aimed to assess the role of CDX2 and its association with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) genotypes in GIM. METHODS CagA and vacA genes were identified via PCR in 466 H. pylori-positive gastric tissues, including gastritis (n=104), GIM diagnosed endoscopically (GIM-1; n=82), gastric cancer (GC; n=173), and paired adjacent GIM tumors resected surgically (GIM-2; n=107). GIM was subclassified per the HID- AB pH2.5-PAS as follows: type I (n=23), type II (n=43), and type III (n=16) in GIM-1; type I (n=8), type II (n=40), and type III (n=59) in GIM-2. CDX2 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS In GIM-1, the infection rate of vacAm2 (55.8%) and vacAs1m2 (53.5%) was higher in subtype II than in others (P<0.05), while that of vacAm1 (49.2%) and vacAs1m1 (33.9%) was higher in subtype III than in others. The cagA+ rate was higher in subtypes I (75.0%) and III (64.4%) than in subtype II (40.0%; P<0.05) respectively. CDX2 was upregulated in subtype I than in subtypes II and III in GIM-1 and GIM-2. In GIM-2 and GC, CDX2 was downregulated in vacAm1, vacAs1m1, and cagA+ (P<0.05). The predominant genotype was vacAs1m2 in subtype II of GIM-1, CDX2 expression remaining unaltered; however, the predominant genotype was cagA+ vacAs1m1 in subtypes II and III of GIM-2, negatively correlated with CDX2 expression. CONCLUSION These GIM subtypes (cagA+ vacAs1m1 H. pylori-positive GIM with negative CDX2 expression) resemble GC and should be evaluated similar to cancerous GIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lanlan Jiao
- 2019 Grade student of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Bo
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingwei Fu
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Ramadesikan S, Colwell CM, Supinger R, Hunter J, Thomas J, Varga E, Mardis ER, Wood RJ, Koboldt DC. Novel inherited CDX2 variant segregating in a family with diverse congenital malformations of the genitourinary system. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2023; 9:a006294. [PMID: 37816608 PMCID: PMC10815271 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARMs) constitute a group of congenital defects of the gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. They affect males and females, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1 in 5000 live births. These malformations are clinically heterogeneous and can be part of a syndromic presentation (syndromic ARM) or as a nonsyndromic entity (nonsyndromic ARM). Despite the well-recognized heritability of nonsyndromic ARM, the genetic etiology in most patients is unknown. In this study, we describe three siblings with diverse congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, anemia, delayed milestones, and skeletal anomalies. Genome sequencing identified a novel, paternally inherited heterozygous Caudal type Homeobox 2 (CDX2) variant (c.722A > G (p.Glu241Gly)), that was present in all three affected siblings. The variant identified in this family is absent from population databases and predicted to be damaging by most in silico pathogenicity tools. So far, only two other reports implicate variants in CDX2 with ARMs. Remarkably, the individuals described in these studies had similar clinical phenotypes and genetic alterations in CDX2 CDX2 encodes a transcription factor and is considered the master regulator of gastrointestinal development. This variant maps to the homeobox domain of the encoded protein, which is critical for interaction with DNA targets. Our finding provides a potential molecular diagnosis for this family's condition and supports the role of CDX2 in anorectal anomalies. It also highlights the clinical heterogeneity and variable penetrance of ARM predisposition variants, another well-documented phenomenon. Finally, it underscores the diagnostic utility of genomic profiling of ARMs to identify the genetic etiology of these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Ramadesikan
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Caitlyn M Colwell
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Rachel Supinger
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Jesse Hunter
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Jessica Thomas
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal & Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Elizabeth Varga
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Wood
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal & Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Badia-Ramentol J, Gimeno-Valiente F, Duréndez E, Martínez-Ciarpaglini C, Linares J, Iglesias M, Cervantes A, Calon A, Tarazona N. The prognostic potential of CDX2 in colorectal cancer: Harmonizing biology and clinical practice. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 121:102643. [PMID: 37871463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical intervention remains the primary treatment option for patients with localized colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a significant proportion of patients will have an unfavorable outcome after current forms of chemotherapy. While reflecting the increasing complexity of CRC, the clinical application of molecular biomarkers provides information that can be utilized to guide therapeutic strategies. Among these, caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) emerges as a biomarker of both prognosis and relapse after therapy. CDX2 is a key transcription factor that controls intestinal fate. Although rarely mutated in CRC, loss of CDX2 expression has been reported mostly in right-sided, microsatellite-unstable tumors and is associated with aggressive carcinomas. The pathological assessment of CDX2 by immunohistochemistry can thus identify patients with high-risk CRC, but the evaluation of CDX2 expression remains challenging in a substantial proportion of patients. In this review, we discuss the roles of CDX2 in homeostasis and CRC and the alterations that lead to protein expression loss. Furthermore, we review the clinical significance of CDX2 assessment, with a particular focus on its current use as a biomarker for pathological evaluation and clinical decision-making. Finally, we attempt to clarify the molecular implications of CDX2 deficiency, ultimately providing insights for a more precise evaluation of CDX2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Badia-Ramentol
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Gimeno-Valiente
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Elena Duréndez
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain
| | | | - Jenniffer Linares
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Alexandre Calon
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noelia Tarazona
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain.
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AbdElneam AI, Al‐Dhubaibi MS, Bahaj SS, Arshad M, Mohammed GF, Atef LM. The CDX2 G allele and the FoKI F allele of the VDR gene are more prevalent and related to changes in vitamin D levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris: A pilot study. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13530. [PMID: 38009028 PMCID: PMC10661218 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious autoimmune condition marked by dry, itchy,erythematous and scaly plaques. From modest, localized plaques to total body coverage, the severity of psoriasis varies. Plaque, guttate, inverted, pustular, and erythrodermic psoriasis are the five primary kinds. About 90% of cases are of plaque psoriasis, commonly known as psoriasis vulgaris. Study aims to determine the impact of an rs2228570 (FokI) variant and an rs11568820 (CDX2) variant on serum vitamin D levels (SVD) in patients with psoriasis, and the correlation between the two variants and disease severity. METHODS A case-control study consisting of 95 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 84 healthy controls. The clinical investigation, molecular genetics analysis, and biochemical analysis were done for both groups. RESULTS SVD levels were significantly decreased in psoriasis patients group. FokI genotypes analysis, we found no significant variance between groups. CDX2 G/G genotype is more prevalent in patients than controls. Moderate psoriasis vulgaris patients with CDX2 G/G genotypes have higher SVD levels than CDX2 G/A, and CDX2 A/A p = 0.003. CONCLUSION The study found a difference in vitamin D levels between patients and healthy subjects, as well as a difference in vitamin D levels with different FoKI and CDX2 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim AbdElneam
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineShaqra UniversityDawadmiSaudi Arabia
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology DepartmentHuman Genetics and genome research instituteNational Research Center33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.)DokkiCairoEgypt
| | | | - Saleh Salem Bahaj
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of medicine and health sciencesSana'a UniversitySana'aYemen
| | - Mohammad Arshad
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineShaqra UniversityDawadmiSaudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Farouk Mohammed
- Department of DermatologyVenereology, and SexologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | - Lina Mohamed Atef
- Department of DermatologyVenereology, and SexologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
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9
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Grimaldos Rodriguez C, Rimmer EF, Colleypriest B, Tosh D, Slack JMW, Jungwirth U. Ectopic expression of HNF4α in Het1A cells induces an invasive phenotype. Differentiation 2023; 134:1-10. [PMID: 37690144 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is a pathological condition in which the squamous epithelium of the distal oesophagus is replaced by an intestinal-like columnar epithelium originating from the gastric cardia. Several somatic mutations contribute to the intestinal-like metaplasia. Once these have occurred in a single cell, it will be unable to expand further unless the altered cell can colonise the surrounding squamous epithelium of the oesophagus. The mechanisms by which this happens are still unknown. Here we have established an in vitro system for examining the competitive behaviour of two epithelia. We find that when an oesophageal epithelium model (Het1A cells) is confronted by an intestinal epithelium model (Caco-2 cells), the intestinal cells expand into the oesophageal domain. In this case the boundary involves overgrowth by the Caco-2 cells and the formation of isolated colonies. Two key transcription factors, normally involved in intestinal development, HNF4α and CDX2, are both expressed in BO. We examined the competitive ability of Het1A cells stably expressing HNF4α or CDX2 and placed in confrontation with unmodified Het1A cells. The key result is that stable expression of HNF4α, but not CDX2, increased the ability of the cells to migrate and push into the unmodified Het1A domain. In this situation the boundary between the cell types is a sharp one, as is normally seen in BO. The experiments were conducted using a variety of extracellular substrates, which all tended to increase the cell migration compared to uncoated plastic. These data provide evidence that HNF4α expression could have a potential role in the competitive spread of BO into the oesophagus as HNF4α increases the ability of cells to invade into the adjacent stratified squamous epithelium, thus enabling a single mutant cell eventually to generate a macroscopic patch of metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ella F Rimmer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Benjamin Colleypriest
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal United Hospital Bath, Combe Park, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - David Tosh
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jonathan M W Slack
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Al-Mohammedawi AKK, Anvari E, Fateh A. Relationship between CDX2 rs11568820 and EcoRV rs4516035 polymorphisms on the vitamin D receptor gene with susceptibility to different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1728-1736. [PMID: 37369952 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency is linked to an increased risk of developing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). In individuals with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, vitamin D receptor activation is required to decrease acute respiratory distress syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the genotypic distribution and allelic frequencies of CDX2 rs11568820 and EcoRV rs4516035 polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients with various SARS-CoV-2 variants. For genotyping of CDX2 rs11568820 and EcoRV rs4516035 polymorphisms, we used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique in 1734 and 1450 recovered and deceased patients, respectively. The results indicated the rate of COVID-19 mortality was associated with CDX2 rs11568820 AA and GA genotypes in the Delta variant and with CDX2 rs11568820 AA in the Omicron BA.5 variant, while no association was shown in the Alpha variant. Therefore, the rate of COVID-19 mortality was associated with EcoRV rs4516035 TC and CC genotypes in the Delta variant, while no association was shown in the Alpha and Omicron BA.5 variants. According to our analysis, the T-G haplotype was more common in all SARS-CoV-2 variants. The C-A haplotype was associated with COVID-19 mortality in the Delta and Omicron BA.5 variants, and the T-A haplotype was related to the Alpha variant. In conclusion, the genotype frequencies of the CDX2 rs11568820 and EcoRV rs4516035 polymorphisms between SARS-CoV-2 variants were significantly different between the deceased patients and recovered patients. However, more studies should be done to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Gao X, Han W, Chen L, Li H, Zhou F, Bai B, Yan J, Guo Y, Liu K, Li W, Li R, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Lu Y, Zhao X, Ji G, Li M, Zhao Q, Wu K, Li Z, Nie Y. Association of CDX2 and mucin expression with chemotherapeutic benefits in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17613-17631. [PMID: 37602699 PMCID: PMC10523976 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better predictors of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy are urgently needed. This study aimed to assess the ability of CDX2 and mucin markers to predict prognosis and fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy benefits. METHODS CDX2 and mucin protein expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry and compared with survival and adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in a prospective evaluation cohort of 782 stage II/III GC patients. Then, the main findings were validated in an independent validation cohort (n = 386) and an external mRNA sequencing dataset (ACRG cohort, n = 193). RESULTS In the evaluation cohort, CDX2, CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expressions were observed in 59.7%, 26.7%, 27.6%, 55.1%, and 57.7% of patients, respectively. However, only the expression of CDX2 was found to be associated with adjuvant chemotherapy benefits. Most importantly, CDX2-negative patients had a poorer prognosis when treated with surgery only, while the prognosis of CDX2-negative and CDX2-positive patients was similar when receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Further analysis revealed that patients with CDX2 negative tumors benefited from chemotherapy (5-year overall survival rates: 60.0% with chemotherapy vs. 23.2% with surgery-only, p < 0.001), whereas patients with CDX2 positive tumors did not (pinteraction = 0.004). Consistent results were obtained in the validation and ACRG cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Negative expression of CDX2 is an independent risk factor for survival in stage II/III GC, but subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy is able to compensate for this unfavorable effect. Therefore, active chemotherapy is more urgent for patients with negative CDX2 expression than for patients with positive CDX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of Health Statistics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Preventive MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Weili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fenli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Junya Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Renlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qiangqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiehao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Mengbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zengshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Gharakhyli EA, Tabar Molla Hassan A, Alipour M, Vahidi S, Samadani AA. The effect of miR-372-5p regulation on CDX1 and CDX2 in the gastric cancer cell line. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023; 44:271-276. [PMID: 36848481 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNA expression disruptions play an important function in the expansion of gastric cancer. Previous investigation has indicated that miR-372-5p doing as an oncogene in several malignancies. CDX1 and CDX2, as target genes of miR-372-5p, play the role of tumor suppressors and oncogenes in gastric cancer cells, respectively. The current investigation explored the effects of miR-372-5p regulation on CDX2 and CDX1 in AGS cell lines and studied their molecular mechanism. METHODS hsa-miR-372-5p miRCURY LNA miRNA Inhibitors and Mimic were transfected into AGS cell line. The cell viability and cell cycle calculation were defined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The Expression levels of miR-372-5p, CDX1, CDX2 and transfection efficiency were measured using Real-time PCR. Statistical investigation p values <0.05 were considered to be meaningful. RESULTS miR-372-5p particularly was upregulated in control cells and also after transfection by mimic. While its expression was reduced by the inhibitor. Upregulation of miR-372-5p remarkably increased cell growth and led to accumulation in the G2/M phase, although the inhibitor decreased cell growth and accumulation in the S phase. Accordingly, upregulation of miR-372-5p increased CDX2 and decreased CDX1 expression. By inhibition of miR-372-5p, expression of CDX2 was decreased and expression of CDX1 was increased. CONCLUSIONS Up and down-regulation of miR-372-5P has a potential effect on the expression levels of its target genes, CDX1 and CDX22. Accordingly, the downregulation of miR-372-5p may be assumed as a possible therapeutic target in treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Majid Alipour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Rojo-Tolosa S, Pineda-Lancheros LE, Gálvez-Navas JM, Sánchez-Martínez JA, González-Gutiérrez MV, Fernández-Alonso A, Morales-García C, Jiménez-Morales A, Pérez-Ramírez C. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Vitamin D Metabolism and the Risk of Developing Asthma. Nutrients 2023; 15:823. [PMID: 36839181 PMCID: PMC9964183 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic non-communicable disease that affects all age groups. The main challenge this condition poses is its heterogeneity. The role of vitamin D in asthma has aroused great interest, correlating low vitamin D levels and polymorphisms in the genes involved in its metabolic pathway with the risk of asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the vitamin D metabolism on the susceptibility to asthma. An observational case-control study was performed, including 221 patients with asthma and 442 controls of Caucasian origin from southern Spain. The SNPs CYP24A1 (rs6068816, rs4809957), CYP27B1 (rs10877012, rs4646536, rs703842, rs3782130), GC (rs7041), CYP2R1 (rs10741657) and VDR (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, Cdx2, TaqI) were analyzed by real-time PCR, using TaqMan probes. The logistic regression model adjusted for body mass index revealed that in the genotype model, carriers of the Cdx2 rs11568820-AA genotype were associated with a higher risk of developing asthma (p = 0.005; OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.36-5.67; AA vs. GG). This association was maintained in the recessive model (p = 0.004). The haplotype analysis revealed an association between the ACTATGG haplotype and higher risk of asthma for the rs1544410, rs7975232, rs731236, rs4646536, rs703842, rs3782130 and rs10877012 genetic polymorphisms (p = 0.039). The other SNPs showed no effect on risk of developing asthma. The Cdx2 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility of asthma and could substantially act as a predictive biomarker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rojo-Tolosa
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | - José María Gálvez-Navas
- Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Andalusian School of Public Health, Carretera del Observatorio 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Fernández-Alonso
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Jiménez-Morales
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Ramírez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
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Stamatiadis P, Cosemans G, Boel A, Menten B, De Sutter P, Stoop D, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Lluis F, Coucke P, Heindryckx B. TEAD4 regulates trophectoderm differentiation upstream of CDX2 in a GATA3-independent manner in the human preimplantation embryo. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:1760-1773. [PMID: 35700449 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the role of transcriptional-enhanced associate (TEA) domain family member 4 (TEAD4) in trophectoderm (TE) differentiation during human embryo preimplantation development in comparison to mouse? SUMMARY ANSWER TEAD4 regulates TE lineage differentiation in the human preimplantation embryo acting upstream of caudal-type homeobox protein 2 (CDX2), but in contrast to the mouse in a GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3)-independent manner. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Tead4 is one of the earliest transcription factors expressed during mouse embryo preimplantation development and is required for the expression of TE-associated genes. Functional knock-out studies in mouse, inactivating Tead4 by site-specific recombination, have shown that Tead4-targeted embryos have compromised development and expression of the TE-specific Cdx2 and Gata3 is downregulated. Cdx2 and Gata3 act in parallel pathways downstream of Tead4 to induce successful TE differentiation. Downstream loss of Cdx2 expression, compromises TE differentiation and subsequent blastocoel formation and leads to the ectopic expression of inner cell mass (ICM) genes, including POU Class 5 homeobox 1 (Pou5f1) and SRY-box transcription factor (Sox2). Cdx2 is a more potent regulator of TE fate in mouse as loss of Cdx2 expression induces more severe phenotypes compared with loss of Gata3 expression. The role of TEAD4 and its downstream effectors during human preimplantation embryo development has not been investigated yet. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated genes (CRISPR-Cas9) system was first introduced in pronuclei (PN)-stage mouse zygotes aiming to identify a guide RNA (gRNA), yielding high editing efficiency and effective disruption of the Tead4 locus. Three guides were tested (gRNA1-3), each time targeting a distinct region of Exon 2 of Tead4. The effects of targeting on developmental capacity were studied in Tead4-targeted embryos (n = 164-summarized data from gRNA1-3) and were compared with two control groups; sham-injected embryos (n = 26) and non-injected media-control embryos (n = 51). The editing efficiency was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). In total, n = 55 (summarized data from gRNA1-3) targeted mouse embryos were analysed by NGS. Immunofluorescence analysis to confirm successful targeting by gRNA1 was performed in Tead4-targeted embryos, and non-injected media-control embryos. The downregulation of secondary TE-associated markers Cdx2 and Gata3 was used as an indirect confirmation of successful Tead4-targeting (previously shown to be expressed downstream of Tead4). Additional groups of gRNA1 Tead4-targeted (n = 45) and media control (n = 36) embryos were cultured for an extended period of 8.5 days, to further assess the developmental capacity of the Tead4-targeted group to develop beyond implantation stages. Following the mouse investigation, human metaphase-II (MII) oocytes obtained by IVM were microinjected with gRNA-Cas9 during ICSI (n = 74) to target TEAD4 or used as media-control (n = 33). The editing efficiency was successfully assessed in n = 25 TEAD4-targeted human embryos. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis for TEAD4, CDX2, GATA3 and the ICM marker SOX2 was performed in TEAD4-targeted (n = 10) and non-injected media-control embryos (n = 29). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of a gRNA-Cas9 mixture, designed to target Exon 2 of Tead4/TEAD4, was microinjected in mouse PN stage zygotes or human IVM MII oocytes along with sperm. Generated embryos were cultured in vitro for 4 days in mouse or 6.5 days in human. In mouse, an additional group of Tead4-targeted and media-control embryos was cultured in vitro for an extended period of 8.5 days. Embryonic development and morphology were assessed daily, during culture in vitro of mouse and human embryos and was followed by a detailed scoring at late blastocyst stage. Targeting efficiency following gRNA-Cas9 introduction was assessed via immunostaining and NGS analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE NGS analysis of the Tead4-targeted locus revealed very high editing efficiencies for all three guides, with 100% of the mouse embryos (55 out of 55) carrying genetic modifications resulting from CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. More specifically, 65.22% (15 out 23) of the PN zygotes microinjected with gRNA1-Cas9, which exhibited the highest efficiency, carried exclusively mutated alleles. The developmental capacity of targeted embryos was significantly reduced (data from gRNA1), as 44.17% of the embryos arrested at the morula stage (2.5 days post coitum), coincident with the initiation of TE lineage differentiation, compared with 8.51% in control and 12.50% in sham control groups. High-quality blastocyst formation rates (Grade 3) were 8.97% in the gRNA1-targeted group, compared with 87.23% in the media-control and 87.50% in the sham group. Immunofluorescence analysis in targeted embryos confirmed downregulation of Tead4, Cdx2, and Gata3 expression, which resulted from successful targeting of the Tead4 locus. Tead4-targeted mouse embryos stained positive for the ICM markers Pou5f1 and Sox2, indicating that expression of ICM lineage markers is not affected. Tead4-targeted embryos were able to cavitate and form a blastocoel without being able to hatch. Extended embryo culture following zona pellucida removal, revealed that the targeted embryos can attach and form egg-cylinder-like structures in the absence of trophoblast giant cells. In human embryos, Exon 2 of TEAD4 was successfully targeted by CRISPR-Cas9 (n = 74). In total, 25 embryos from various developmental stages were analysed by NGS and 96.00% (24 out of 25) of the embryos carried genetic modifications because of gRNA-Cas9 editing. In the subgroup of the 24 edited embryos, 17 (70.83%) carried only mutant alleles and 11 out of these 17 (64.70%) carried exclusively frameshift mutations. Six out of 11 embryos reached the blastocyst stage. In contrast to mice, human-targeted embryos formed blastocysts at a rate (25.00%) that did not differ significantly from the control group (23.81%). However, blastocyst morphology and TE quality were significantly compromised following TEAD4-targeting, showing grade C TE scores, with TE containing very few cells. Immunofluorescence analysis of TEAD4-targeted embryos (n = 10) confirmed successful editing by the complete absence of TEAD4 and its downstream TE marker CDX2, but the embryos generated retained expression of GATA3, which is in contrast to what we have observed and has previously been reported in mouse. In this regard, our results indicate that GATA3 acts in parallel with TEAD4/CDX2 towards TE differentiation in human. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION CRISPR-Cas9 germline genome editing, in some cases, induces mosaic genotypes. These genotypes are a result of inefficient and delayed editing, and complicate the phenotypic analysis and developmental assessment of the injected embryos. We cannot exclude the possibility that the observed differences between mouse and human are the result of variable effects triggered by the culture conditions, which were however similar for both mouse and human embryos in this study. Furthermore, this study utilized human oocytes obtained by IVM, which may not fully recapitulate the developmental behaviour of in vivo matured oocytes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Elucidation of the evolutionary conservation of molecular mechanisms that regulate the differentiation and formation of the trophoblast lineage can give us fundamental insights into early implantation failure, which accounts for ∼15% of human conceptions. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The research was funded by the FWO-Vlaanderen (Flemish fund for scientific research, Grant no. G051516N), and Hercules funding (FWO.HMZ.2016.00.02.01) and Ghent University (BOF.BAS.2018.0018.01). G.C. is supported by FWO-Vlaanderen (Flemish fund for scientific research, Grant no. 11L8822N). A.B. is supported by FWO-Vlaanderen (Flemish fund for scientific research, Grant no. 1298722 N). We further thank Ferring Pharmaceuticals (Aalst, Belgium) for their unrestricted educational grant. The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stamatiadis
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Cosemans
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Boel
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Menten
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - P De Sutter
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Stoop
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - F Lluis
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 300, Belgium
| | - P Coucke
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - B Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Sree UD, Prayaga AK, R Reddy VV, Rukmanghadha N, Chowhan AK, Phaneendra BV. Differential expression of CK7, CK20, CDX2 in intestinal and pancreatobiliary types of preriampullary carcinoma. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2022; 65:42-48. [PMID: 35074964 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1440_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Incidence of periampullary carcinoma is low, approximately 0.5-2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Histologic subtyping has a prognostic bearing. The purpose of this study is to differentiate periampullary carcinomas based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) by using cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2). AIMS To analyze the usefulness of IHC as single/panel of markers that included CK7, CK20, and CDX2. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This was a prospective study done from January 2017 to September 2018. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total 50 pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens were evaluated and classified as intestinal (INT) and pancreaticobiliary (PB) types based on their morphological and immunohistochemical features, respectively. The morphologic subtypes, expression of IHC markers were correlated with different histologic parameters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Chi-square test was used to study the association between different IHC markers with histologic parameters. Probability (P) values <0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS The expression of CK7, CK20, CDX2 were studied in 50 cases to classify them as INT and pancreatobiliary subtypes. CK7 has high sensitivity (88.2%), CDX2 has high specificity (96.4%), CK20+/CDX2+ has both high sensitivity (94.2 percent) and specificity (89.2 percent) in differentiating INT from pancreatobiliary subtypes. The morphologic subtypes showed correlation with two variables (tumor grade, pathologic T stage). CK20 and CK20/CDX2 expression showed a positive correlation with tumor grade, pathologic T staging, and lymphovascular invasion. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, morphological classification can significantly discriminate histologic types, IHC plays a moderate role. However, the combined expression of CK20 and CDX2 is helpful in subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayagiri D Sree
- Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aruna K Prayaga
- Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V Venkat R Reddy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N Rukmanghadha
- Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amit K Chowhan
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattishgarh, India
| | - B V Phaneendra
- Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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16
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Moscoso O, Reques A, Saco A, Castellví J, Gómez-Hidalgo NR, Ramón Y Cajal S, García Á. Vulvar Adenocarcinoma of Intestinal Type: A Case Report of an Uncommon Entity. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2022; 41:98-103. [PMID: 33782341 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vulvar cancer is rare and accounts for only 5% of all gynecologic cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common and makes up 90% of the cases. Vulvar adenocarcinoma usually arises in Bartholin and other vulvar glands. Primary vulvar intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare disease with an unclear prognosis and treatment. Its origin is still unknown, the most accepted theory suggests cloacal remnants as the source of origin. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 66-yr-old female who presented with vulvar pruritus and local discomfort, showing a 2 cm tumor located in the left labium minor in the region of vulvar fourchette. Wide vulvar excision and bilateral lymph nodes dissection were performed. Other concomitant lesions and distant extension of tumor were ruled out by positron emission tomography. Pathologic study revealed a colonic-type adenocarcinoma with typical villoglandular architecture with an irregular glandular structure composed of atypical columnar epithelium. The lesion had direct contact with epidermal surface and mainly was external without involving the dermis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining for cytokeratin 20 and CDX2. p16 showed an abnormal diffuse and strong immunoexpression. The presence of a low-risk human papillomavirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction, therefore, the expression of p16 cannot be explained in this case by the presence of human papillomavirus. Additional studies are needed in additional cases to clarify the role of human papillomavirus in this kind of tumor.
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Eksi SE, Chitsazan A, Sayar Z, Thomas GV, Fields AJ, Kopp RP, Spellman PT, Adey AC. Epigenetic loss of heterogeneity from low to high grade localized prostate tumours. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7292. [PMID: 34911933 PMCID: PMC8674326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying precise molecular subtypes attributable to specific stages of localized prostate cancer has proven difficult due to high levels of heterogeneity. Bulk assays represent a population-average, which mask the heterogeneity that exists at the single-cell level. In this work, we sequence the accessible chromatin regions of 14,424 single-cells from 18 flash-frozen prostate tumours. We observe shared chromatin features among low-grade prostate cancer cells are lost in high-grade tumours. Despite this loss, high-grade tumours exhibit an enrichment for FOXA1, HOXB13 and CDX2 transcription factor binding sites, indicating a shared trans-regulatory programme. We identify two unique genes encoding neuronal adhesion molecules that are highly accessible in high-grade prostate tumours. We show NRXN1 and NLGN1 expression in epithelial, endothelial, immune and neuronal cells in prostate cancer using cyclic immunofluorescence. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the active gene regulatory networks in primary prostate tumours, critical for molecular stratification of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Ece Eksi
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97209, USA.
| | - Alex Chitsazan
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Zeynep Sayar
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97209, USA
| | - George V Thomas
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew J Fields
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ryan P Kopp
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Paul T Spellman
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew C Adey
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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18
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Saberi S, Esmaeili M, Tashakoripour M, Eshagh Hosseini M, Baharvand H, Mohammadi M. Infection with a hypervirulent strain of Helicobacter pylori primes gastric cells toward intestinal transdifferentiation. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105353. [PMID: 34896202 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia, gastric-to-intestinal transdifferentiation, occurs as a result of the misexpression of certain regulatory factors, leading to genetic reprogramming. Here, we have evaluated the H. pylori-induced expression patterns of these candidate genes. METHODS The expression levels of 1) tissue-specific transcription factors (RUNX3, KLF5, SOX2, SALL4, CDX1 and CDX2), 2) stemness factors (TNFRSF19, LGR5, VIL1) and 3) tissue-specific mucins (MUC5AC, MUC2) were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR in gastric primary cells (GPCs), in parallel with two gastric cancer (MKN45 and AGS) cell lines, up to 96h following H. pylori infection. RESULTS Following H. pylori infection of GPCs, RUNX3 declined at 24h post infection (-6.2 ± 0.3) and remained downregulated for up to 96h. Subsequently, overexpression of self-renewal and pluripotency transcription factors, KLF5 (3.6 ± 0.2), SOX2 (7.6 ± 0.5) and SALL4 (4.3 ± 0.2) occurred. The expression of TNFRSF19 and LGR5, demonstrated opposing trends, with an early rise of the former (4.5 ± 0.3) at 8h, and a simultaneous fall of the latter (-1.8 ± 0.5). This trend was reversed at 96h, with the decline in TNFRSF19 (-5.5 ± 0.2), and escalation of LGR5 (2.6 ± 0.2) and VIL1 (1.8 ± 0.3). Ultimately, CDX1 and CDX2 were upregulated by 1.9 and 4.7-fold, respectively. The above scenario was, variably observed in MKN45 and AGS cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggests an interdependent gene regulatory network, induced by H. pylori infection. This interaction begins with the downregulation of RUNX3, upregulation of self-renewal and pluripotency transcription factors, KLF5, SOX2 and SALL4, leading to the downregulation of TNFRSF19, upregulation of LGR5 and aberrant expression of intestine-specific transcription factors, potentially facilitating the process of gastric-to-intestinal transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tashakoripour
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Eshagh Hosseini
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Ashry M, Yang C, Rajput SK, Folger JK, Knott JG, Smith GW. Follistatin supplementation induces changes in CDX2 CpG methylation and improves in vitro development of bovine SCNT preimplantation embryos. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:141. [PMID: 34517901 PMCID: PMC8436481 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caudal Type Homeobox 2 (CDX2) is a key regulator of trophectoderm formation and maintenance in preimplantation embryos. We previously demonstrated that supplementation of exogenous follistatin, during in vitro culture of bovine IVF embryos, upregulates CDX2 expression, possibly, via alteration of the methylation status of CDX2 gene. Here, we further investigated the effects of exogenous follistatin supplementation on developmental competence and CDX2 methylation in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. SCNT embryos were cultured with or without follistatin for 72h, then transferred into follistatin free media until d7 when blastocysts were collected and subjected to CDX2 gene expression and DNA methylation analysis for CDX2 regulatory regions by bisulfite sequencing. Follistatin supplementation significantly increased both blastocyst development as well as blastocyst CDX2 mRNA expression on d7. Three different CpG rich fragments within the CDX2 regulatory elements; proximal promoter (fragment P1, -1644 to -1180; P2, -305 to +126) and intron 1 (fragment I, + 3030 to + 3710) were identified and selected for bisulfite sequencing analysis. This analysis showed that follistatin treatment induced differential methylation (DM) at specific CpG sites within the analyzed fragments. Follistatin treatment elicited hypomethylation at six CpG sites at positions -1374, -279, -163, -23, +122 and +3558 and hypermethylation at two CpG sites at positions -243 and +20 in promoter region and first intron of CDX2 gene. Motif analysis using MatInspector revealed that differentially methylated CpG sites are putative binding sites for key transcription factors (TFs) known to regulate Cdx2 expression in mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells including OCT1, AP2F, KLF and P53, or TFs that have indirect link to CDX2 regulation including HAND and NRSF. Collectively, results of the present study together with our previous findings in IVF embryos support the hypothesis that alteration of CDX2 methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms by which follistatin may regulates CDX2 expression in preimplantation bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ashry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, China
| | - Sandeep K Rajput
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joseph K Folger
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jason G Knott
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - George W Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Priya S, Kaur E, Kulshrestha S, Pandit A, Gross I, Kumar N, Agarwal H, Khan A, Shyam R, Bhagat P, Prabhu JS, Nagarajan P, Deo SVS, Bajaj A, Freund JN, Mukhopadhyay A, Sengupta S. CDX2 inducible microRNAs sustain colon cancer by targeting multiple DNA damage response pathway factors. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258601. [PMID: 34369561 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis of transcripts in colon adenocarcinoma patient tissues led to the identification of a DNA damage responsive miR signature called DNA damage sensitive miRs (DDSMs). DDSMs were experimentally validated in the cancerous colon tissues obtained from an independent cohort of colon cancer patients and in multiple cellular systems with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. All the tested DDSMs were transcriptionally upregulated by a common intestine-specific transcription factor, CDX2. Reciprocally, DDSMs were repressed via the recruitment of HDAC1/2-containing complexes onto the CDX2 promoter. These miRs downregulated multiple key targets in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, namely BRCA1, ATM, Chk1 (also known as CHEK1) and RNF8. CDX2 directly regulated the DDSMs, which led to increased tumor volume and metastasis in multiple preclinical models. In colon cancer patient tissues, the DDSMs negatively correlated with BRCA1 levels, were associated with decreased probability of survival and thereby could be used as a prognostic biomarker. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Priya
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Swati Kulshrestha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Awadhesh Pandit
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR_S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Himanshi Agarwal
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aamir Khan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Radhey Shyam
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakash Bhagat
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR_S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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21
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Park JK, Lee JH, Park EA, Lim HJ, Lyu SW, Lee WS, Kim J, Song H. Development of Optimized Vitrification Procedures Using Closed Carrier System to Improve the Survival and Developmental Competence of Vitrified Mouse Oocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071670. [PMID: 34359838 PMCID: PMC8304188 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The open carrier system (OC) is used for vitrification due to its high efficiency in preserving female fertility, but concerns remain that it bears possible risks of cross-contamination. Closed carrier systems (CC) could be an alternative to the OC to increase safety. However, the viability and developmental competence of vitrified/warmed (VW) oocytes using the CC were significantly lower than with OC. We aimed to improve the efficiency of the CC. Metaphase II oocytes were collected from mice after superovulation and subjected to in vitro fertilization after vitrification/warming. Increasing the cooling/warming rate and exposure time to cryoprotectants as key parameters for the CC effectively improved the survival rate and developmental competence of VW oocytes. When all the conditions that improved the outcomes were applied to the conventional CC, hereafter named the modified vitrification/warming procedure using CC (mVW-CC), the viability and developmental competence of VW oocytes were significantly improved as compared to those of VW oocytes in the CC. Furthermore, mVW-CC increased the spindle normality of VW oocytes, as well as the cell number of blastocysts developed from VW oocytes. Collectively, our mVW-CC optimized for mouse oocytes can be utilized for humans without concerns regarding possible cross-contamination during vitrification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.K.P.); (J.H.L.)
- CHA Fertility Center Gangnam, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea; (S.W.L.); (W.S.L.)
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.K.P.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Eun A Park
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University, Seoul 04637, Korea;
| | - Hyunjung J. Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Sang Woo Lyu
- CHA Fertility Center Gangnam, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea; (S.W.L.); (W.S.L.)
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Gangnam, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea; (S.W.L.); (W.S.L.)
| | - Jayeon Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University, Seoul 04637, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.K.P.); (J.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (H.S.)
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22
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Wu Y, Murray GK, Byrne EM, Sidorenko J, Visscher PM, Wray NR. GWAS of peptic ulcer disease implicates Helicobacter pylori infection, other gastrointestinal disorders and depression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1146. [PMID: 33608531 PMCID: PMC7895976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are recognized to contribute to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and other gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses based on 456,327 UK Biobank (UKB) individuals identify 8 independent and significant loci for PUD at, or near, genes MUC1, MUC6, FUT2, PSCA, ABO, CDX2, GAST and CCKBR. There are previously established roles in susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection, response to counteract infection-related damage, gastric acid secretion or gastrointestinal motility for these genes. Only two associations have been previously reported for duodenal ulcer, here replicated trans-ancestrally. The results highlight the role of host genetic susceptibility to infection. Post-GWAS analyses for PUD, GORD, IBS and IBD add insights into relationships between these gastrointestinal diseases and their relationships with depression, a commonly comorbid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeda Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Graham K Murray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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23
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Liu H, Yan R, Liang L, Zhang H, Xiang J, Liu L, Zhang X, Mao Y, Peng W, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Zhou Y, Shi M, Wang Y, Guo B. The role of CDX2 in renal tubular lesions during diabetic kidney disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6782-6803. [PMID: 33621200 PMCID: PMC7993706 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubules are vulnerable targets of various factors causing kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the degree of tubular lesions is closely related to renal function. Abnormal renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) differentiation and depletion of cell junction proteins are important in DKD pathogenesis. Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2), represents a key nuclear transcription factor that maintains normal proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CDX2 on RTECs differentiation and cell junction proteins in DKD. The results demonstrated that CDX2 was mainly localized in renal tubules, and downregulated in various DKD models. CDX2 upregulated E-cadherin and suppressed partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which can alleviate hyperglycemia-associated RTECs injury. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was regulated by CDX2 in NRK-52E cells, and CFTR interfered with β-catenin activation by binding to Dvl2, which is an essential component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CFTR knockdown abolished the suppressive effects of CDX2 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby upregulating cell junction proteins and inhibiting partial EMT in RTECs. In summary, CDX2 can improve renal tubular lesions during DKD by increasing CFTR amounts to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Luqun Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanwen Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancers harbor loss-of-function mutations in APC, a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, leading to intestinal polyps that are predisposed to malignant progression. Comparable murine APC alleles also evoke intestinal polyps, which are typically confined to the small intestine and proximal colon, but do not progress to carcinoma in the absence of additional mutations. The Cdx transcription factors Cdx1 and Cdx2 are essential for homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium, and loss of Cdx2 has been associated with more aggressive subtypes of colorectal cancer in the human population. Consistent with this, concomitant loss of Cdx1 and Cdx2 in a murine APC mutant background leads to an increase in polyps throughout the intestinal tract. These polyps also exhibit a villous phenotype associated with the loss of EphrinB1. However, the basis for these outcomes is poorly understood. To further explore this, we modeled Cdx2 loss in SW480 colorectal cancer cells. We found that Cdx2 impacted Notch signaling in SW480 cells, and that EphrinB1 is a Notch target gene. As EphrinB1 loss also leads to a villus tumor phenotype, these findings evoke a mechanism by which Cdx2 impacts colorectal cancer via Notch-dependent EphrinB1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalun Zhu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (Y.Z.); (A.H.); (T.F.); (B.H.)
| | - Alexa Hryniuk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (Y.Z.); (A.H.); (T.F.); (B.H.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Tanya Foley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (Y.Z.); (A.H.); (T.F.); (B.H.)
| | - Bradley Hess
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (Y.Z.); (A.H.); (T.F.); (B.H.)
| | - David Lohnes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (Y.Z.); (A.H.); (T.F.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 8684)
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Suenaga M, Cao S, Zhang W, Matsusaka S, Okazaki S, Berger MD, Miyamoto Y, Schirripa M, Barzi A, Yamamoto N, Yamaguchi T, Lenz HJ. Role of enterocyte-specific gene polymorphisms in response to adjuvant treatment for stage III colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2021; 31:10-16. [PMID: 32732498 PMCID: PMC7655616 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The enterocyte subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) responds favorably to oxaliplatin-based adjuvant treatment for stage III CRC. We examined the clinical significance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enterocyte-related genes MS4A12 and CDX2 in response to adjuvant treatment for stage III CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 350 patients with stage III CRC were included: 274 received adjuvant treatment with surgical resection (discovery cohort) and 76 received surgery alone (control cohort). In the discovery cohort, 68 patients received FOLFOX and 206 received oral fluoropyrimidine. SNPs were analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, the MS4A12 rs4939378 G/G variant was associated with lower 5-year survival than any A allele [70% vs. 90%, univariate: hazard ratio (HR) 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-5.06, P = 0.035; multivariate: HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.15-5.76, P = 0.021]. Patients with the CDX2 rs3812863 G/G variant had better overall survival than those with any A allele, although this was not significant in multivariate analysis (5 year-survival: 95% vs. 82%, univariate: HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-0.97, P = 0.034; multivariate: HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.13-1.11, P = 0.078). The SNPs did not show significant association with overall survival in the control cohort, and significant interaction was observed between MS4A12 genotypes and groups (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that MS4A12 and CDX2 gene polymorphisms may predict outcome in stage III CRC. However, the clinical significance of SNPs for response to oxaliplatin may differ by tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsukuni Suenaga
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Gastroenterology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku 135-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Martin D. Berger
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Afsaneh Barzi
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Noriko Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku 135-8550,Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamaguchi
- Gastroenterology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku 135-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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26
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Huang D, Xiao F, Hao H, Hua F, Luo Z, Huang Z, Li Q, Chen S, Cheng X, Zhang X, Fang W, Hu X, Liu F. JARID1B promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling via decreasing CDX2 level. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:169. [PMID: 33109187 PMCID: PMC7590656 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B(JARID1B) has been shown to be upregulated in many human cancers and plays a critical role in the development of cancers cells. Nevertheless, its functional role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is not fully understood. METHODS Herein, JARID1B expression levels were detected in clinical CRC samples by western blotting and qRT-PCR. DLD-1 cells with JARID1B knockdown or overexpression by stably transfected plasmids were used in vitro and in vivo study. Colony formation, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Real Time Cellular Analysis (RTCA) assays were used to detect cell proliferation and growth. Transcriptome and CHIP assays were used to examine the molecular biology changes and molecular interaction in these cells. Nude mice was utilized to study the correlation of JARID1B and tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Here, we first observed that JARID1B was significantly upregulated in CRC tissue compared to adjacent normal tissues. In CRC patients, JARID1B high expression was positively relation with poor overall survival. Multivariate analyses revealed that high JARID1B expression was an independent predictive marker for the poor prognosis of CRC. In addition, we found that JARID1B promoted CRC cells proliferation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further studies demonstrated CDX2 as a downstream target of JARID1B, and our data demonstrated that CDX2 is crucial for JARID1B -mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that JARID1B regulated CDX2 expression through demethylation of H3K4me3. CONCLUSIONS CDX2 inhibited by JARID1B-derived H3K4me3 methylation promoted cells proliferation of CRC via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, our studies provided a novel insight into the role of JARID1B in CRC cells proliferation and potential new molecular target for treating CRC. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Huang
- Center for Education Evaluation, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuzhi Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weilan Fang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fanrong Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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27
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. Although great efforts have made to explore the mechanisms of PaCa oncogenesis, the prognosis of PaCa patients is still unsatisfactory. Thus, it is imperative to further understand the potential carcinogenesis of PaCa and reliable prognostic models.The gene expression profile and clinical information of GSE21501 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to explore the potent genes associated with the overall survival (OS) events of PaCa patients. Cox regression model was applied to selecting prognostic genes and establish prognostic model. The prognostic values of six-gene signature were validated in TCGA-PAAD cohort.According to the WGCNA analysis, a total of 19 modules were identified and 115 hub genes in the mostly associated module were reserved for next analysis. According to the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we established a six-gene signature (FTSJ3, STAT1, STX2, CDX2, RASSF4, MACF1) which could effectively evaluate the overall survival (OS) of PaCa patients. In validated patients' cohorts, the six-gene signature exhibited excellent prognostic value in TCGA-PAAD cohort as well.We developed a six-gene signature to exactly predict OS of PaCa patients and provide a novel personalized strategy for evaluating prognosis. The findings may be contributed to medical customization and therapeutic decision in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
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28
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Ashry M, Rajput SK, Folger JK, Yang C, Knott JG, Smith GW. Follistatin treatment modifies DNA methylation of the CDX2 gene in bovine preimplantation embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:998-1008. [PMID: 32776625 PMCID: PMC7670970 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CDX2 plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of the trophectoderm epithelium in preimplantation embryos. Follistatin supplementation during the first 72 hr of in vitro culture triggers a significant increase in blastocyst rates, CDX2 expression, and trophectoderm cell numbers. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms by which follistatin upregulates CDX2 expression are not known. Here, we investigated whether stimulatory effects of follistatin are linked to alterations in DNA methylation within key regulatory regions of the CDX2 gene. In vitro-fertilized (IVF) zygotes were cultured with or without 10 ng/ml of recombinant human follistatin for 72 hr, then cultured without follistatin until Day 7. The bisulfite-sequencing analysis revealed differential methylation (DM) at specific CpG sites within the CDX2 promoter and intron 1 following follistatin treatment. These DM CpG sites include five hypomethylated sites at positions -1384, -1283, -297, -163, and -23, and four hypermethylated sites at positions -1501, -250, -243, and +20 in the promoter region. There were five hypomethylated sites at positions +3060, +3105, +3219, +3270, and +3545 in intron 1. Analysis of transcription factor binding sites using MatInspector combined with a literature search revealed a potential association between differentially methylated CpG sites and putative binding sites for key transcription factors involved in regulating CDX2 expression. The hypomethylated sites are putative binding sites for FXR, STAF, OCT1, KLF, AP2 family, and P53 protein, whereas the hypermethylated sites are putative binding sites for NRSF. Collectively, our results suggest that follistatin may increase CDX2 expression in early bovine embryos, at least in part, by modulating DNA methylation at key regulatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ashry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sandeep K. Rajput
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Fertility Labs of Colorado, CCRM, Lone Tree, Colorado
| | - Joseph K. Folger
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, China
| | - Jason G. Knott
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - George W. Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Fallah S, Beaulieu JF. The Hippo Pathway Effector YAP1 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081895. [PMID: 32823612 PMCID: PMC7463744 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is covered by epithelium, which is continuously replaced by new cells provided by stem cells located at the bottom of the glands. The maintenance of intestinal stem cells is supported by a niche which is composed of several signaling proteins including the Hippo pathway effectors YAP1/TAZ. The role of YAP1/TAZ in cell proliferation and regeneration is well documented but their involvement on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells is unclear. In the present study, the role of YAP1/TAZ on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells was investigated using the HT29 cell line, the only multipotent intestinal cell line available, with a combination of knockdown approaches. The expression of intestinal differentiation cell markers was tested by qPCR, Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy analyses. The results show that TAZ is not expressed while the abolition of YAP1 expression led to a sharp increase in goblet and absorptive cell differentiation and reduction of some stem cell markers. Further studies using double knockdown experiments revealed that most of these effects resulting from YAP1 abolition are mediated by CDX2, a key intestinal cell transcription factor. In conclusion, our results indicate that YAP1/TAZ negatively regulate the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells through the inhibition of CDX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Fallah
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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30
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Oono F, Sakamoto Y, Tachi Y, Mabashi-Asazuma H, Iida K. Effect of Cdx2 Polymorphism on the Relationship between Dietary Calcium Intake and Peak Bone Mass in Young Japanese Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010191. [PMID: 32284510 PMCID: PMC7019402 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the effect of the caudal-type homeobox protein 2 (Cdx2) polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene and calcium intake on bone mass have shown inconsistent results. This study investigated whether the effect of calcium intake on peak bone mass is affected by Cdx2 polymorphism in young Japanese women. A cross-sectional study of 500 young women was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The osteo sono-assessment index (OSI), assessed by the qualitative ultrasound method, was used as a bone mass index. The subjects were divided into two groups by the median calcium intake. The OSI was not different among Cdx2 genotypes and between calcium groups (p = 0.960, p = 0.191, respectively). The interaction between calcium and Cdx2 genotypes on the OSI approached significance (GG versus GA and AA genotypes, p = 0.092). The difference in the OSI between calcium groups was significant in the GG genotype (p = 0.028), but not in the GA or AA genotypes (p = 0.501, p = 0.306, respectively). Adjustment for covariates (body mass index and physical activity) did not change the results. In conclusion, the relationship between dietary calcium intake and peak bone mass may vary according to Cdx2 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Oono
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (F.O.); (H.M.-A.)
| | - Yuri Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoichi Tachi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hideaki Mabashi-Asazuma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (F.O.); (H.M.-A.)
| | - Kaoruko Iida
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (F.O.); (H.M.-A.)
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5978-5474
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31
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Ito S, Nada S, Yamazaki D, Kimura T, Kajiwara K, Miki H, Okada M. p18/Lamtor1-mTORC1 Signaling Controls Development of Mucin-producing Goblet Cells in the Intestine. Cell Struct Funct 2020; 45:93-105. [PMID: 32641600 PMCID: PMC10511045 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a pivotal role in controlling cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients and growth factors. The activity of mTORC1 is dually regulated by amino acids and growth factor signaling, and amino acid-dependent mTORC1 activity is regulated by mTORC1 interaction with the Ragulator-Rag GTPase complex, which is localized to the surface of lysosomes via a membrane-anchored protein, p18/Lamtor1. However, the physiological function of p18-Ragulator-dependent mTORC1 signaling remains elusive. The present study evaluated the function of p18-mediated mTORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelia using p18 conditional knockout mice. In p18 knockout colonic crypts, mTORC1 was delocalized from lysosomes, and in vivo mTORC1 activity was markedly decreased. Histologically, p18 knockout crypts exhibited significantly increased proliferating cells and dramatically decreased mucin-producing goblet cells, while overall crypt architecture and enteroendocrine cell differentiation were unaffected. Furthermore, p18 knockout crypts normally expressed transcription factors implicated in crypt differentiation, such as Cdx2 and Klf4, indicating that p18 ablation did not affect the genetic program of cell differentiation. Analysis of colon crypt organoid cultures revealed that both p18 ablation and rapamycin treatment robustly suppressed development of mucin-producing goblet cells. Hence, p18-mediated mTORC1 signaling could promote the anabolic metabolism required for robust mucin production in goblet cells to protect the intestinal epithelia from various external stressors.Key words: mTORC1, p18/lamtor1, intestinal epithelium, goblet cells, mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Ito
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kajiwara
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Francis R, Guo H, Streutker C, Ahmed M, Yung T, Dirks PB, He HH, Kim TH. Gastrointestinal transcription factors drive lineage-specific developmental programs in organ specification and cancer. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax8898. [PMID: 31844668 PMCID: PMC6905862 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are spatially and temporally regulated during gut organ specification. Although accumulating evidence shows aberrant reactivation of developmental programs in cancer, little is known about how TFs drive lineage specification in development and cancer. We first defined gastrointestinal tissue-specific chromatin accessibility and gene expression during development, identifying the dynamic epigenetic regulation of SOX family of TFs. We revealed that Sox2 is not only essential for gastric specification, by maintaining chromatin accessibility at forestomach lineage loci, but also sufficient to promote forestomach/esophageal transformation upon Cdx2 deletion. By comparing our gastrointestinal lineage-specific transcriptome to human gastrointestinal cancer data, we found that stomach and intestinal lineage-specific programs are reactivated in Sox2high /Sox9high and Cdx2high cancers, respectively. By analyzing mice deleted for both Sox2 and Sox9, we revealed their potentially redundant roles in both gastric development and cancer, highlighting the importance of developmental lineage programs reactivated by gastrointestinal TFs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshane Francis
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Catherine Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Musaddeque Ahmed
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Theodora Yung
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter B. Dirks
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Corresponding author. (T.-H.K.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Corresponding author. (T.-H.K.); (H.H.H.)
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Maitra R, Thavornwatanayong T, Venkatesh MK, Chandy C, Vachss D, Augustine T, Guzik H, Koba W, Liu Q, Goel S. Development and Characterization of a Genetic Mouse Model of KRAS Mutated Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5677. [PMID: 31766149 PMCID: PMC6888417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with KRAS mutated colorectal cancer (CRC) represent a cohort with unmet medical needs, with limited options of FDA-approved therapies. Representing 40-45% of all CRC patients, they are considered ineligible to receive anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies that have added a significant therapeutic benefit for KRAS wild type CRC patients. Although several mouse models of CRC have been developed during the past decade, one genetically resembling the KRAS mutated CRC is yet to be established. In this study C57 BL/6 mice with truncated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) floxed allele was crossed with heterozygous KRAS floxed outbred mice to generate an APCf/f KRAS+/f mouse colony. In another set of breeding, APC floxed mice were crossed with CDX2-Cre-ERT2 mice and selected for APCf/f CDX2-Cre-ERT2 after the second round of inbreeding. The final model of the disease was generated by the cross of the two parental colonies and viable APC f/f KRAS +/f CDX2-Cre-ERT2 (KPC: APC) were genotyped and characterized. The model animals were tamoxifen (TAM) induced to generate tumors. Micro-positron emission tomography (PET) scan was used to detect and measure tumor volume and standard uptake value (SUV). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to establish neoplasm and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to determine histological similarities with human FFPE biopsies. The MSI/microsatellite stable (MSS) status was determined. Finally, the tumors were extensively characterized at the molecular level to establish similarities with human CRC tumors. The model KPC: APC animals are conditional mutants that developed colonic tumors upon induction with tamoxifen in a dose-dependent manner. The tumors were confirmed to be malignant within four weeks of induction by H&E staining and higher radioactive [18F] fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake (SUV) in micro-PET scan. Furthermore, the tumors histologically and molecularly resembled human colorectal carcinoma. Post tumor generation, the KPC: APC animals died of cachexia and rectal bleeding. Implications: This model is an excellent preclinical platform to molecularly characterize the KRAS mutated colorectal tumors and discern appropriate therapeutic strategies to improve disease management and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhashree Maitra
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10033, USA
| | - Thongthai Thavornwatanayong
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Madhu Kumar Venkatesh
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Carol Chandy
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Dov Vachss
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Titto Augustine
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Hillary Guzik
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Wade Koba
- Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA;
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
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Midic U, Vincent KA, Wang K, Lokken A, Severance AL, Ralston A, Knott JG, Latham KE. Novel key roles for structural maintenance of chromosome flexible domain containing 1 (Smchd1) during preimplantation mouse development. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 85:635-648. [PMID: 29900695 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosome flexible domain containing 1 (Smchd1) is a chromatin regulatory gene for which mutations are associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and arhinia. The contribution of oocyte- and zygote-expressed SMCHD1 to early development was examined in mice ( Mus musculus) using a small interfering RNA knockdown approach. Smchd1 knockdown compromised long-term embryo viability, with reduced embryo nuclear volumes at the morula stage, reduced blastocyst cell number, formation and hatching, and reduced viability to term. RNA sequencing analysis of Smchd1 knockdown morulae revealed aberrant increases in expression of a small number of trophectoderm (TE)-related genes and reduced expression of cell proliferation genes, including S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( Skp2). Smchd1 expression was elevated in embryos deficient for Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 ( Cdx2, a key regulator of TE specification), indicating that Smchd1 is normally repressed by CDX2. These results indicate that Smchd1 plays an important role in the preimplantation embryo, regulating early gene expression and contributing to long-term embryo viability. These results extend the known functions of SMCHD1 to the preimplantation period and highlight important function for maternally expressed Smchd1 messenger RNA and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Midic
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kailey A Vincent
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Alyson Lokken
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ashley L Severance
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Amy Ralston
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jason G Knott
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Kumar N, Tsai YH, Chen L, Zhou A, Banerjee KK, Saxena M, Huang S, Toke NH, Xing J, Shivdasani RA, Spence JR, Verzi MP. The lineage-specific transcription factor CDX2 navigates dynamic chromatin to control distinct stages of intestine development. Development 2019; 146:dev172189. [PMID: 30745430 PMCID: PMC6432663 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lineage-restricted transcription factors, such as the intestine-specifying factor CDX2, often have dual requirements across developmental time. Embryonic loss of CDX2 triggers homeotic transformation of intestinal fate, whereas adult-onset loss compromises crucial physiological functions but preserves intestinal identity. It is unclear how such diverse requirements are executed across the developmental continuum. Using primary and engineered human tissues, mouse genetics, and a multi-omics approach, we demonstrate that divergent CDX2 loss-of-function phenotypes in embryonic versus adult intestines correspond to divergent CDX2 chromatin-binding profiles in embryonic versus adult stages. CDX2 binds and activates distinct target genes in developing versus adult mouse and human intestinal cells. We find that temporal shifts in chromatin accessibility correspond to these context-specific CDX2 activities. Thus, CDX2 is not sufficient to activate a mature intestinal program; rather, CDX2 responds to its environment, targeting stage-specific genes to contribute to either intestinal patterning or mature intestinal function. This study provides insights into the mechanisms through which lineage-specific regulatory factors achieve divergent functions over developmental time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Kumar
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Department of Genetics, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Department of Genetics, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anbo Zhou
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Department of Genetics, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kushal K Banerjee
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Madhurima Saxena
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Natalie H Toke
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Department of Genetics, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Department of Genetics, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Department of Genetics, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Hirano D, Urabe Y, Tanaka S, Nakamura K, Ninomiya Y, Yuge R, Hayashi R, Oka S, Kitadai Y, Shimamoto F, Arihiro K, Chayama K. Early-stage serrated adenocarcinomas are divided into several molecularly distinct subtypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211477. [PMID: 30785889 PMCID: PMC6382106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC) is considered the end stage of the serrated neoplasia pathway. Although SAC prognosis is not widely recognized, the serrated pathway-associated subtype consistently exhibits unfavorable prognosis in genetic studies. Herein, we classified molecularly distinct subtypes of serrated adenocarcinomas and clarified their associated clinicopathological characteristics and genetic changes. We examined 38 early-stage colorectal SACs. Of these, 24 were classified into three molecularly distinct groups by colon cancer subtyping (CCS). The clinicopathological characteristics, Ki 67 labeling index (LI), and SAC epithelial serration were assessed. The DNA from carcinomas and normal tissue/adenoma was extracted by laser microdissection and sequenced by next-generation sequencing, and mutation numbers and patterns of a 15-oncogene panel were determined. The CCS groups included CCS1 (CDX2+, HTR2B-, FRMD6-, ZEB1-, and microsatellite instable-low [MSI-L]/microsatellite stable [MSS]; 14 cases), CCS2 (microsatellite instable-high [MSI-H], 5 cases), and CCS3 (CDX2-, HTR2B+, FRMD6+, ZEB1+, and MSI-L/MSS; 5 cases). Invasive cancer was significantly more frequent in CCS3 than in CCS1 (5/5 versus 3/14, respectively). Ki67 LI and epithelial serration were higher in CCS3 than in CCS1 (83.0 ± 5.8 versus 65.4 ± 4.0 and 5/5 versus 3/14, respectively; p = 0.031 and 0.0048). CCS2 showed the highest mutation number, whereas KRAS and BRAF mutation numbers were higher in CCS3 than in CCS1. Early-stage SACs were classified into three molecularly distinct subtypes with different clinicopathological and genetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Urabe
- Department of Regeneration and Medicine Medical Center for Translation and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koki Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Ninomiya
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Yuge
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hayashi
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitadai
- Department of the Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- The Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Wolff SC, Kedziora KM, Dumitru R, Dungee CD, Zikry TM, Beltran AS, Haggerty RA, Cheng J, Redick MA, Purvis JE. Inheritance of OCT4 predetermines fate choice in human embryonic stem cells. Mol Syst Biol 2018; 14:e8140. [PMID: 30177503 PMCID: PMC6120590 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20178140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that clonal cells can make different fate decisions, but it is unclear whether these decisions are determined during, or before, a cell's own lifetime. Here, we engineered an endogenous fluorescent reporter for the pluripotency factor OCT4 to study the timing of differentiation decisions in human embryonic stem cells. By tracking single-cell OCT4 levels over multiple cell cycle generations, we found that the decision to differentiate is largely determined before the differentiation stimulus is presented and can be predicted by a cell's preexisting OCT4 signaling patterns. We further quantified how maternal OCT4 levels were transmitted to, and distributed between, daughter cells. As mother cells underwent division, newly established OCT4 levels in daughter cells rapidly became more predictive of final OCT4 expression status. These results imply that the choice between developmental cell fates can be largely predetermined at the time of cell birth through inheritance of a pluripotency factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Wolff
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raluca Dumitru
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cierra D Dungee
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tarek M Zikry
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel A Haggerty
- Curriculum for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - JrGang Cheng
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A Redick
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Davidsen J, Larsen S, Coskun M, Gögenur I, Dahlgaard K, Bennett EP, Troelsen JT. The VTI1A-TCF4 colon cancer fusion protein is a dominant negative regulator of Wnt signaling and is transcriptionally regulated by intestinal homeodomain factor CDX2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200215. [PMID: 29975781 PMCID: PMC6033461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of primary colorectal tumors has identified a gene fusion in approximately 3% of colorectal cancer patients of the VTI1A and TCF7L2 genes, encoding a VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein containing a truncated TCF4. As dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway is associated with colorectal cancer development and progression, the functional properties and transcriptional regulation of the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein may also play a role in these processes. Functional characteristics of the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein in Wnt signaling were analyzed in NCI-H508 and LS174T colon cancer cell lines. The NCI-H508 cell line, containing the VTI1A-TCF7L2 fusion gene, showed no active Wnt signaling, and overexpression of the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein in LS174T cells along with a Wnt signaling luciferase reporter plasmid showed inhibition of activity. The transcriptional regulation of the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion gene was investigated in LS174T cells where the activity of the VTI1A promoter was compared to that of the TCF7L2 promoter, and the transcription factor CDX2 was analyzed for gene regulatory activity of the VTI1A promoter through luciferase reporter gene assay using colon cancer cell lines as a model. Transfection of LS174T cells showed that the VTI1A promoter is highly active compared to the TCF7L2 promoter, and that CDX2 activates transcription of VTI1A. These results suggest that the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein is a dominant negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, and that transcription of VTI1A is activated by CDX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Davidsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sylvester Larsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Coskun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katja Dahlgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Eric Paul Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Czekaj R, Majka J, Magierowska K, Sliwowski Z, Magierowski M, Pajdo R, Ptak-Belowska A, Surmiak M, Kwiecien S, Brzozowski T. Mechanisms of curcumin-induced gastroprotection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:618-630. [PMID: 28856444 PMCID: PMC5910495 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, a pleiotropic substance used for centuries in traditional medicine, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative efficacy against various tumours, but the role of curcumin in gastroprotection is little studied. We determined the effect of curcumin against gastric haemorrhagic lesions induced by 75% ethanol and alterations in gastric blood flow (GBF) in rats with cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 activity inhibited by indomethacin, SC-560 or rofecoxib, inhibited NO-synthase activity, capsaicin denervation and blockade of TRPV1 receptors by capsazepine. METHODS One hour after ethanol administration, the gastric mucosal lesions were assessed by planimetry, the GBF was examined by H2 gas clearance, plasma gastrin was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the gastric mucosal mRNA expression of Cdx-2, HIF-1α, HO-1 and SOD 2 was analysed by RT-PCR. RESULTS Curcumin, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced ethanol-induced gastric lesions and significantly increased GBF and plasma gastrin levels. Curcumin-induced protection was completely reversed by indomethacin and SC-560, and significantly attenuated by rofecoxib, L-NNA, capsaicin denervation and capsazepine. Curcumin downregulated Cdx-2 and Hif-1α mRNA expression and upregulated HO-1 and SOD 2, and these effects were reversed by L-NNA and further restored by co-treatment of L-NNA with L-arginine. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin-induced protection against ethanol damage involves endogenous PG, NO, gastrin and CGRP released from sensory nerves due to activation of the vanilloid TRPV1 receptor. This protective effect can be attributed to the inhibition of HIF-1α and Cdx-2 expression and the activation of HO-1 and SOD 2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Majka
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Robert Pajdo
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Cracow, Poland.
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Ma Y, Wang Q, Yu K, Fan X, Xiao W, Cai Y, Xu P, Yu M, Yang H. 6-Formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation prevents intestinal barrier dysfunction through regulation of claudin-2 expression. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 288:83-90. [PMID: 29680209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
6-Formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), a high-affinity aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, plays a protective role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through activation of AhR. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is involved in the pathological process of IBD. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of FICZ on IL-6 induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury. Our data show that AhR activation by FICZ ameliorated colonic inflammation, decreased IL-6 and claudin-2 expression, and maintained intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In Caco-2 and T84 intestinal epithelial cells, FICZ also prevented the increase of intestinal epithelial permeability and claudin-2 expression induced by IL-6. Depletion of AhR expression by small interfering (si)RNA reversed FICZ induced decrease of claudin-2. Furthermore, IL-6 induced upregulation of claudin-2 was required for increased caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX-2) and hepatocyte-nuclear factor (HNF)-1α. However, FICZ repressed the increase of CDX-2 and HNF-1α expression induced by IL-6. These results reveal the protective effects of FICZ on IL-6 induced disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier function through suppressing the expression of claudin-2. In addition, CDX-2 and HNF-1α are involved in the regulation of claudin-2 after IL-6 and FICZ treatment. Therefore compounds related to AhR ligands may be potential pharmaceutical agents to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujiao Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengyuan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Fan HB, Zhai ZY, Li XG, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Chen ZS, Wang XQ. CDX2 Stimulates the Proliferation of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Activating the mTORC1 and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112447. [PMID: 29156556 PMCID: PMC5713414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and plays a role in gut development and homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation. However, whether CDX2 cooperates with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways to stimulate cell proliferation remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CDX2 on the proliferation of porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and the correlation between CDX2, the mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. CDX2 overexpression and knockdown cell culture models were established to explore the regulation of CDX2 on both pathways. Pathway-specific antagonists were used to verify the effects. The results showed that CDX2 overexpression increased IPEC-J2 cell proliferation and activated both the mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, and that CDX2 knockdown decreased cell proliferation and inhibited both pathways. Furthermore, the mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-specific antagonist rapamycin and XAV939 (3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)]-4H -thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one) both suppressed the proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells overexpressing CDX2, and that the combination of rapamycin and XAV939 had an additive effect. Regardless of whether the cells were treated with rapamycin or XAV939 alone or in combination, both mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were down-regulated, accompanied by a decrease in CDX2 expression. Taken together, our data indicate that CDX2 stimulates porcine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by activating the mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Fan
- College of Animal Science/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhen-Ya Zhai
- College of Animal Science/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- College of Animal Science/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Jiang M, Li H, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Lu R, Liu K, Lin S, Lan X, Wang H, Wu H, Zhu J, Zhou Z, Xu J, Lee DK, Zhang L, Lee YC, Yuan J, Abrams JA, Wang TG, Sepulveda AR, Wu Q, Chen H, Sun X, She J, Chen X, Que J. Transitional basal cells at the squamous-columnar junction generate Barrett's oesophagus. Nature 2017; 550:529-533. [PMID: 29019984 PMCID: PMC5831195 DOI: 10.1038/nature24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In several organ systems, the transitional zone between different types of epithelium is a hotspot for pre-neoplastic metaplasia and malignancy, but the cells of origin for these metaplastic epithelia and subsequent malignancies remain unknown. In the case of Barrett's oesophagus, intestinal metaplasia occurs at the gastro-oesophageal junction, where stratified squamous epithelium transitions into simple columnar cells. On the basis of a number of experimental models, several alternative cell types have been proposed as the source of this metaplasia but in all cases the evidence is inconclusive: no model completely mimics Barrett's oesophagus in terms of the presence of intestinal goblet cells. Here we describe a transitional columnar epithelium with distinct basal progenitor cells (p63+KRT5+KRT7+) at the squamous-columnar junction of the upper gastrointestinal tract in a mouse model. We use multiple models and lineage tracing strategies to show that this squamous-columnar junction basal cell population serves as a source of progenitors for the transitional epithelium. On ectopic expression of CDX2, these transitional basal progenitors differentiate into intestinal-like epithelium (including goblet cells) and thereby reproduce Barrett's metaplasia. A similar transitional columnar epithelium is present at the transitional zones of other mouse tissues (including the anorectal junction) as well as in the gastro-oesophageal junction in the human gut. Acid reflux-induced oesophagitis and the multilayered epithelium (believed to be a precursor of Barrett's oesophagus) are both characterized by the expansion of the transitional basal progenitor cells. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified transitional zone in the epithelium of the upper gastrointestinal tract and provide evidence that the p63+KRT5+KRT7+ basal cells in this zone are the cells of origin for multi-layered epithelium and Barrett's oesophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kuancan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
- Institute for laboratory medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
- Institute for laboratory medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Lan
- Institute for laboratory medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Haikun Wang
- CAS key laboratory of molecular virology and immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Han Wu
- Ascendas Genomics Inc., Zhongshan, Guandong 529437, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Dong-Kee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton at Plainsboro, Plainsboro, NJ 08536
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Yuan-Cho Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032
| | - Julian A. Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Timothy G. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Qi Wu
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | | | - Xin Sun
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Junjun She
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
- Corresponding author: Jianwen Que, MD, PhD. Center for Human Development and Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, BB-810, 650 West 168th Street, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA. . Tel: +1-212-305-5961
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Ruane PT, Berneau SC, Koeck R, Watts J, Kimber SJ, Brison DR, Westwood M, Aplin JD. Apposition to endometrial epithelial cells activates mouse blastocysts for implantation. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:617-627. [PMID: 28911212 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How do interactions between blastocyst-stage embryos and endometrial epithelial cells regulate the early stages of implantation in an in vitro model? SUMMARY ANSWER Mouse blastocyst apposition with human endometrial epithelial cells initiates trophectoderm differentiation to trophoblast, which goes on to breach the endometrial epithelium. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In vitro models using mouse blastocysts and human endometrial cell lines have proven invaluable in the molecular characterisation of embryo attachment to endometrial epithelium at the onset of implantation. Genes involved in embryonic breaching of the endometrial epithelium have not been investigated in such in vitro models. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study used an established in vitro model of implantation to examine cellular and molecular interactions during blastocyst attachment to endometrial epithelial cells. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mouse blastocysts developed from embryonic day (E) 1.5 in vitro were hatched and co-cultured with confluent human endometrial adenocarcinoma-derived Ishikawa cells in serum-free medium. A scale of attachment stability based on blastocyst oscillation upon agitation was devised. Blastocysts were monitored for 48 h to establish the kinetics of implantation, and optical sectioning using fluorescence microscopy revealed attachment and invasion interfaces. Quantitative PCR was used to determine blastocyst gene expression. Data from a total of 680 mouse blastocysts are reported, with 3-6 experimental replicates. T-test and ANOVA analyses established statistical significance at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Hatched E4.5 mouse blastocysts exhibited weak attachment to confluent Ishikawa cells over the first 24 h of co-culture, with intermediate and stable attachment occurring from 28 h (E5.5 + 4 h) in a hormone-independent manner. Attached embryos fixed after 48 h (E6.5) frequently exhibited outgrowths, characterised morphologically and with antibody markers as trophoblast giant cells (TGCs), which had breached the Ishikawa cell layer. Beginning co-culture at E5.5 also resulted in intermediate and stable attachment from E5.5 + 4 h; however, these embryos did not go on to breach the Ishikawa cell layer, even when co-culture was extended to E7.5 (P < 0.01). Blastocysts cultured from E4.5 in permeable transwell inserts above Ishikawa cells before transfer to direct co-culture at E5.5 went on to attach but failed to breach the Ishikawa cell layer by E6.5 (P < 0.01). Gene expression analysis at E5.5 demonstrated that direct co-culture with Ishikawa cells from E4.5 resulted in downregulation of trophectoderm transcription factors Cdx2 (P < 0.05) and Gata3 (P < 0.05) and upregulation of the TGC transcription factor Hand1 (P < 0.05). Co-culture with non-endometrial human fibroblasts did not alter the expression of these genes. LARGE SCALE DATA None. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The in vitro model used here combines human carcinoma-derived endometrial cells with mouse embryos, in which the cellular interactions observed may not fully recapitulate those in vivo. The data gleaned from such models can be regarded as hypothesis-generating, and research is now needed to develop more sophisticated models of human implantation combining multiple primary endometrial cell types with surrogate and real human embryos. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study implicates blastocyst apposition to endometrial epithelial cells as a critical step in trophoblast differentiation required for implantation. Understanding this maternal regulation of the embryonic developmental programme may lead to novel treatments for infertility. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by funds from the charities Wellbeing of Women (RG1442) and Diabetes UK (15/0005207), and studentship support for SCB from the Anatomical Society. No conflict of interest is declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Ruane
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Stéphane C Berneau
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Rebekka Koeck
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jessica Watts
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, ManchesterM13 9PT, UK
| | - Daniel R Brison
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Old St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Melissa Westwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Orsztynowicz M, Lechniak D, Pawlak P, Kociucka B, Kubickova S, Cernohorska H, Madeja ZE. Changes in chromosome territory position within the nucleus reflect alternations in gene expression related to embryonic lineage specification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182398. [PMID: 28767705 PMCID: PMC5540545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of totipotentcy in an early embryo is directed by molecular processes responsible for cell fate decisions. Three dimensional genome organisation is an important factor linking chromatin architecture with stage specific gene expression patterns. Little is known about the role of chromosome organisation in gene expression regulation of lineage specific factors in mammalian embryos. Using bovine embryos as a model we have described these interactions at key developmental stages. Three bovine chromosomes (BTA) that differ in size, number of carried genes, and contain loci for key lineage regulators OCT4, NANOG and CDX2, were investigated. The results suggest that large chromosomes regardless of their gene density (BTA12 gene-poor, BTA5 gene-rich) do not significantly change their radial position within the nucleus. Gene loci however, may change its position within the chromosome territory (CT) and relocate its periphery, when stage specific process of gene activation is required. Trophectoderm specific CDX2 and epiblast precursor NANOG loci tend to locate on the surface or outside of the CTs, at stages related with their high expression. We postulate that the observed changes in CT shape reflect global alternations in gene expression related to differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Orsztynowicz
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Lechniak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Kociucka
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Zofia Eliza Madeja
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Pinto R, Hansen L, Hintze J, Almeida R, Larsen S, Coskun M, Davidsen J, Mitchelmore C, David L, Troelsen JT, Bennett EP. Precise integration of inducible transcriptional elements (PrIITE) enables absolute control of gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e123. [PMID: 28472465 PMCID: PMC5570051 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline-based inducible systems provide powerful methods for functional studies where gene expression can be controlled. However, the lack of tight control of the inducible system, leading to leakiness and adverse effects caused by undesirable tetracycline dosage requirements, has proven to be a limitation. Here, we report that the combined use of genome editing tools and last generation Tet-On systems can resolve these issues. Our principle is based on precise integration of inducible transcriptional elements (coined PrIITE) targeted to: (i) exons of an endogenous gene of interest (GOI) and (ii) a safe harbor locus. Using PrIITE cells harboring a GFP reporter or CDX2 transcription factor, we demonstrate discrete inducibility of gene expression with complete abrogation of leakiness. CDX2 PrIITE cells generated by this approach uncovered novel CDX2 downstream effector genes. Our results provide a strategy for characterization of dose-dependent effector functions of essential genes that require absence of endogenous gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pinto
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Hintze
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sylvester Larsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Coskun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology & Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Davidsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Cathy Mitchelmore
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Leonor David
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Eric Paul Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gao B, Yu T, Xue D, Sun B, Shao Q, Choudhry H, Marcus V, Ragoussis J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Gao ZH. A multidimensional integration analysis reveals potential bridging targets in the process of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628609 PMCID: PMC5476238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 9% of cancer-related deaths are caused by colorectal cancer. Liver metastasis is a major factor for the high colorectal cancer mortality rate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying colorectal cancer liver metastasis remains unclear. Using a global and multidimensional integration approach, we studied sequencing data, protein-protein interactions, and regulation of transcription factor and non-coding RNAs in primary tumor samples and liver metastasis samples to unveil the potential bridging molecules and the regulators that functionally link different stages of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Primary tumor samples and liver metastasis samples had modules with significant overlap and crosstalk from which we identified several bridging genes (e.g. KNG1 and COX5B), transcription factors (e.g. E2F4 and CDX2), microRNAs (e.g. miR-590-3p and miR-203) and lncRNAs (e.g. lincIRX5 and lincFOXF1) that may play an important role in the process of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. This study enhances our understanding of the genetic alterations and transcriptional regulation that drive the metastatic process, but also provides the methodology to guide the studies on other metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tian Yu
- Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victoria Marcus
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zu-hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Trinh A, Trumpi K, De Sousa E Melo F, Wang X, de Jong JH, Fessler E, Kuppen PJK, Reimers MS, Swets M, Koopman M, Nagtegaal ID, Jansen M, Hooijer GKJ, Offerhaus GJA, Kranenburg O, Punt CJ, Medema JP, Markowetz F, Vermeulen L. Practical and Robust Identification of Molecular Subtypes in Colorectal Cancer by Immunohistochemistry. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:387-398. [PMID: 27459899 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent transcriptomic analyses have identified four distinct molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer with evident clinical relevance. However, the requirement for sufficient quantities of bulk tumor and difficulties in obtaining high-quality genome-wide transcriptome data from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue are obstacles toward widespread adoption of this taxonomy. Here, we develop an immunohistochemistry-based classifier to validate the prognostic and predictive value of molecular colorectal cancer subtyping in a multicenter study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tissue microarrays from 1,076 patients with colorectal cancer from four different cohorts were stained for five markers (CDX2, FRMD6, HTR2B, ZEB1, and KER) by immunohistochemistry and assessed for microsatellite instability. An automated classification system was trained on one cohort using quantitative image analysis or semiquantitative pathologist scoring of the cores as input and applied to three independent clinical cohorts. RESULTS This classifier demonstrated 87% concordance with the gold-standard transcriptome-based classification. Application to three validation datasets confirmed the poor prognosis of the mesenchymal-like molecular colorectal cancer subtype. In addition, retrospective analysis demonstrated the benefit of adding cetuximab to bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic cancers of the canonical epithelial-like subtypes. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a practical and robust immunohistochemical assay can be employed to identify molecular colorectal cancer subtypes and uncover subtype-specific therapeutic benefit. Finally, the described tool is available online for rapid classification of colorectal cancer samples, both in the format of an automated image analysis pipeline to score tumor core staining, and as a classifier based on semiquantitative pathology scoring. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 387-98. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Trinh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kari Trumpi
- Cancer Center UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felipe De Sousa E Melo
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Xin Wang
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Joan H de Jong
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Fessler
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies S Reimers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Swets
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Cancer Center UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerrit K J Hooijer
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George J A Offerhaus
- Cancer Center UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Cancer Center UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Fernández Aceñero MJ, Sánchez de Molina ML, Caso A, Vorwald P, Olmo DG, Palomar J, Estrada L, Díaz Del Arco C. CDX2 expression can predict response to neoadjuvant therapy in gastric carcinoma. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2017; 58:1275-1278. [PMID: 29556617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) has recently been proposed as a prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma. However and to the best of our knowledge, no previous report has analyzed CDX2 expression in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study to analyze the potential role of CDX2 expression to predict response to NAT and prognosis. This study has enrolled 57 patients receiving chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric carcinoma. RESULTS 59.6% of the patients were men; mean age was 64.96 years. Only 8% of the patients showed a complete response to therapy, 10% had grade 1, 28% grade 2, and 54% grade 3 regression, respectively, according to modified Ryan's criteria. On follow-up, 38.6% of the patients showed recurrence of disease (50% distant metastasis) and 28.1% eventually died of it. Twenty-three (40.4%) patients showed intense CDX2 expression. We found a statistically significant association between CDX2 expression and poor regression with NAT, but we found no association with outcome. DISCUSSION Our study indicates that CDX2 expression can predict lack of response to NAT. Our results have not confirmed the association with prognosis shown in previous reports. CONCLUSIONS Despite these preliminary results, furthermore studies are necessary to define the potential use of CDX2 in gastric carcinoma.
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Jiang G, Luo C, Sun M, Zhao Z, Li W, Chen K, Fan T. Methylation of CDX2 as a Predictor in Poor Clinical Outcome of Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:710-714. [PMID: 27754705 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Jiang
- 1 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Luo
- 2 Department of Oncology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- 3 Department of Pathology, Henan Tumor Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- 1 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wencai Li
- 1 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- 1 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- 4 School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
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50
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Jørgensen S, Coskun M, Homburg KM, Pedersen OBV, Troelsen JT. HOXB4 Gene Expression Is Regulated by CDX2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164555. [PMID: 27755609 PMCID: PMC5068786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) plays a key role in the homeobox regulatory network and is essential in regulating the expression of several homeobox (HOX) genes during embryonic development, particularly in the gut. Genome-wide CDX2 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and expression data from Caco2 cells also suggests a role for CDX2 in the regulation of HOXB4 gene expression in the intestinal epithelium. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether HOXB4 gene expression is regulated by CDX2 in the intestinal epithelium. We demonstrated binding of CDX2 to four different CDX2 binding sites in an enhancer region located upstream of the HOXB4 transcription start site. Mutations in the CDX2 binding sites reduced HOXB4 gene activity, and knock down of endogenous CDX2 expression by shRNA reduced HOXB4 gene expression. This is the first report demonstrating the CDX2 regulation of HOXB4 gene expression in the developed intestinal epithelium, indicating a possible role for HOXB4 in intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Jørgensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Coskun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole B. V. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Troelsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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