1
|
Kumar MJM, Arindkar S, Saini M, Nagarajan P. Transcriptomic and pathological profiling of a new congenic mouse model with Lepr mutation: Evaluating susceptibility to the development of obesity and NAFLD. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100982. [PMID: 38274380 PMCID: PMC7615561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MJ Mahesh Kumar
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Masum Saini
- Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gupta R, Priya A, Chowdhary M, Batra VV, Jyotsna, Nagarajan P, Gokhale RS, Singh A. Pigmented skin exhibits accelerated wound healing compared to the nonpigmented skin in Guinea pig model. iScience 2023; 26:108159. [PMID: 37927554 PMCID: PMC10622689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated and compared the wound healing kinetics of pigmented (PG) and non-pigmented (NP) skin in guinea pigs, focusing on histological and transcriptional changes. Full-thickness wounds created on PG and NP skin were evaluated at various time points post-injury. Fontana-Masson staining and ultrastructural analysis suggested the presence of melanin and melanosomes in PG skin, which coincided with an upregulation of melanogenic genes cKIT, TYR, and DCT. On day 9 post-wound, PG skin exhibited a rapid transition from the inflammatory to proliferative phase, which correlated with the reappearance of epidermal pigmentation whereas the NP skin exhibited a delayed neo-epidermis formation. Furthermore, the study revealed that melanocyte-derived growth factors (conditioned media) positively regulated keratinocyte migration while inhibiting fibroblast differentiation. These effects were more prominent in tyrosine-treated (hyperpigmented) melanocyte-CM as was TGF- β expression. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying skin repair and pigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anshu Priya
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manish Chowdhary
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Jyotsna
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | | | - Archana Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh P, Gollapalli K, Mangiola S, Schranner D, Yusuf MA, Chamoli M, Shi SL, Bastos BL, Nair T, Riermeier A, Vayndorf EM, Wu JZ, Nilakhe A, Nguyen CQ, Muir M, Kiflezghi MG, Foulger A, Junker A, Devine J, Sharan K, Chinta SJ, Rajput S, Rane A, Baumert P, Schönfelder M, Iavarone F, Lorenzo GD, Kumari S, Gupta A, Sarkar R, Khyriem C, Chawla AS, Sharma A, Sarper N, Chattopadhyay N, Biswal BK, Settembre C, Nagarajan P, Targoff KL, Picard M, Gupta S, Velagapudi V, Papenfuss AT, Kaya A, Ferreira MG, Kennedy BK, Andersen JK, Lithgow GJ, Ali AM, Mukhopadhyay A, Palotie A, Kastenmüller G, Kaeberlein M, Wackerhage H, Pal B, Yadav VK. Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging. Science 2023; 380:eabn9257. [PMID: 37289866 PMCID: PMC10630957 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in circulating levels of various molecules, some of which remain undefined. We find that concentrations of circulating taurine decline with aging in mice, monkeys, and humans. A reversal of this decline through taurine supplementation increased the health span (the period of healthy living) and life span in mice and health span in monkeys. Mechanistically, taurine reduced cellular senescence, protected against telomerase deficiency, suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased DNA damage, and attenuated inflammaging. In humans, lower taurine concentrations correlated with several age-related diseases and taurine concentrations increased after acute endurance exercise. Thus, taurine deficiency may be a driver of aging because its reversal increases health span in worms, rodents, and primates and life span in worms and rodents. Clinical trials in humans seem warranted to test whether taurine deficiency might drive aging in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Singh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Gollapalli
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Stefano Mangiola
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University; Bundoora, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute; Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Daniela Schranner
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University; Lucknow, India
| | - Manish Chamoli
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Sting L. Shi
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Bruno Lopes Bastos
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN); Nice, France
| | - Tripti Nair
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Annett Riermeier
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | - Elena M. Vayndorf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Judy Z. Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Aishwarya Nilakhe
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Christina Q. Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Michael Muir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Kiflezghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Anna Foulger
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Alex Junker
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Jack Devine
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Kunal Sharan
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute; Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow, India
| | - Anand Rane
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Philipp Baumert
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Swati Kumari
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sarkar
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Costerwell Khyriem
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University; Perth, Australia
| | - Amanpreet S. Chawla
- Immunobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- MRC-Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Unit, University of Dundee; Dundee, UK
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University; Perth, Australia
| | - Nazan Sarper
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli University Hospital; Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Bichitra K. Biswal
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM); Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University; Naples, Italy
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Primate Research Facility, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- Small Animal Research Facility, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Kimara L. Targoff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University; Virginia, USA
| | | | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System; Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Abdullah Mahmood Ali
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, USA
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, USA
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | | | - Bhupinder Pal
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University; Bundoora, Australia
| | - Vijay K. Yadav
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute; Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University; New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohan KV, Sinha P, Swami B, Muniyasamy A, Nagarajan P, Upadhyay P. Microdissection of the Rodent Eye. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37154568 DOI: 10.3791/64414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular micro-dissection of the rodent eye involves the segmentation of the enucleated eyeball with the attached nictitating membrane, or third eyelid, to obtain the anterior and posterior eyecups. With this technique, the sub-parts of the eye, including the corneal tissue, neural tissue, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tissue, and lens, can be obtained for wholemounts, cryo-sectioning, and/or single-cell suspensions of a specific ocular tissue. The presence of the third eyelid presents unique and significant advantages, as it benefits the maintenance of the orientation of the eye, which is important for understanding eye physiology following any localized intervention or in studies involving ocular analysis relating to the eye's spatial topography. In this method, we enucleated the eyeball at the socket along with the third eyelid by carefully and slowly cutting through the extraocular muscles and severing the optic nerve. The eyeball was pierced through the corneal limbus using a microblade. The incision was used as the point of entry, allowing for cutting along the corneal-scleral junction by inserting micro-scissors through the incision point. Small and continuous cuts along the circumference were made until the cups separated. These could be further dissected by gently peeling the translucent layer of the neural retina using Colibri suturing forceps to obtain the neural retina and RPE layers. Further, three/four equidistant cuts were made from the periphery perpendicularly to the optic center until the optic nerve was reached. This opened the hemispherical cups into a floret shape so that they fell flat and could be easily mounted. This technique has been used in our lab for corneal wholemounts and retinal sections. The presence of the third eyelid delineates the nasal-temporal orientation, which allows for the study of various cell therapy interventions post-transplantation and, thus, the targeted physiological validation vital for visualization and accurate representation in such studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Garg A, Alam M, Bai S, Dandawate M, Kumari N, Gupta S, Agrawal U, Nagarajan P, Reddy DS, Kulkarni MJ, Mukhopadhyay A. Protective Effects of Rifampicin and Its Analog Rifampicin Quinone in a Mouse Model of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:253-269. [PMID: 36798477 PMCID: PMC9926524 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form when glucose reacts non-enzymatically with proteins, leading to abnormal protein function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. AGEs are associated with aging and age-related diseases; their formation is aggravated during diabetes. Therefore, drugs preventing AGE formation can potentially treat diabetic complications, positively affecting health. Earlier, we demonstrated that rifampicin and its analogs have potent anti-glycating activities and increase the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rifampicin during hyperglycemia in C. elegans and in a mouse model of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. The effects of rifampicin were assessed by determining the life span of C. elegans cultured in the presence of glucose and by measuring HbA1c, AGE levels, and glucose excursions in the diabetic mouse model. Our results show that rifampicin protects C. elegans from glucose-induced toxicity and increases life span. In mice, rifampicin reduces HbA1c and AGEs, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces indications of diabetic nephropathy without inducing hepatotoxicity. Rifampicin quinone, an analog with lower anti-microbial activity, also reduces HbA1c levels, improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and lowers indications of diabetic nephropathy, without adversely affecting the liver of the diabetic mice. Altogether, our results indicate that rifampicin and its analog have protective roles during diabetes without inflicting hepatic damage and may potentially be considered for repositioning to treat hyperglycemia-related complications in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Garg
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Maroof Alam
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shakuntala Bai
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Monica Dandawate
- CSIR
− Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Organic Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Neeta Kumari
- Organic Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sonu Gupta
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- ICMR-National
Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dumbala Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR
− Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Organic Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Mahesh J. Kulkarni
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mitra D, Farr M, Nagarajan P, Bishop A, Farooqi A, Jazaeri A, Jhingran A, Lin L, Klopp A, Amaria R, McQuade J, Glitza I, Guadagnolo B. Gynecologic Melanoma: A 25-Year Institutional Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
7
|
Farah M, Milton DR, Gross ND, Nagarajan P, Gu J, Curry JL, Ivan D, Torres-Cabala CA, Myers JN, Prieto VG, Aung PP. Histopathologic features predictive of metastasis and survival in 230 patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and non-head and neck locations: a single-center retrospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1246-1255. [PMID: 35426183 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) produce inconsistent risk stratification. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify further prognostic parameters for better stratification. METHODS We retrospectively analysed the prognostic significance of clinicopathologic parameters of 230 patients who underwent primary excision of invasive cSCC of the head and neck (n = 115) and non-head and non-neck (n = 115) locations. In addition to known high-risk features, we analysed tumour nest shape, invasion pattern, lymphoid response pattern and tumour budding. RESULTS On multivariable analysis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and high tumour budding predicted worse disease-specific survival, and ulceration, LVI and high tumour budding predicted worse overall survival. Only ulceration was independently associated with risk of nodal metastasis. CONCLUSION High tumour budding, LVI and ulceration are independently associated with poor outcome in cSCC and may be used to refine cSCC prognostic stratification, which is crucial to optimize clinical decision and to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from more aggressive interventions or clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Farah
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N D Gross
- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Gu
- Cytogenetic Technology Program, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J L Curry
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Ivan
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J N Myers
- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P P Aung
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balaji S, Ravi Kumar D, Sangamithrai D, Radhika G, Kannan T, Nagarajan P, Thiagarajan V, RadhaKrishnan A, Padmapriyadarsini C, Shanmugam S. Comparison of performance indicators of MGIT primary culture to assess the impact of implementation of ISO 15189:2012 standards. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 69:371-373. [PMID: 35760491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Performance indicators are key component and plays a major role for monitoring and continuous quality improvement of the test results. The NABL certificate of accreditation is issued in accordance with the standard ISO 15189:2012 requirements. As part of the accreditation process, the laboratory has acquired knowledge and implemented the quality system procedures. Present study analyzed the impact of the accreditation process on the "performance indicators" of MGIT primary culture and found that performance indicators have been improved significantly after implementation of NABL for almost all indicators which clearly indicate the importance of accreditation and implementation of quality procedures for reliability of valid test results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Balaji
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - D Ravi Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Devi Sangamithrai
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - G Radhika
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - T Kannan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - P Nagarajan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - V Thiagarajan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A RadhaKrishnan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aggarwal S, Trehanpati N, Nagarajan P, Ramakrishna G. The Clock-NAD + -Sirtuin connection in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3164-3180. [PMID: 35616339 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic or metabolic associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD) is a hepatic reflection of metabolic derangements characterized by excess fat deposition in the hepatocytes. Identifying metabolic regulatory nodes in fatty liver pathology is essential for effective drug targeting. Fatty liver is often associated with circadian rhythm disturbances accompanied with alterations in physical and feeding activities. In this regard, both sirtuins and clock machinery genes have emerged as critical metabolic regulators in maintaining liver homeostasis. Knockouts of either sirtuins or clock genes result in obesity associated with the fatty liver phenotype. Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are a highly conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, protecting cells from metabolic stress by deacetylating vital proteins associated with lipid metabolism. Circadian rhythm is orchestrated by oscillations in expression of master regulators (BMAL1 and CLOCK), which in turn regulate rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes involved in lipid metabolism. The circadian metabolite, NAD+ , serves as a crucial link connecting clock genes to sirtuin activity. This is because, NAMPT which is a rate limiting enzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis is transcriptionally regulated by the clock genes and NAD+ in turn is a cofactor regulating the deacetylation activity of sirtuins. Intriguingly, on one hand the core circadian clock regulates the sirtuin activity and on the other hand the activated sirtuins regulate the acetylation status of clock proteins thereby affecting their transcriptional functions. Thus, the Clock-NAD+-Sirtuin connection represents a novel "feedback loop" circuit that regulates the metabolic machinery. The current review underpins the importance of NAD+ on the sirtuin and clock connection in preventing fatty liver disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savera Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Department of Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abraham G, Easow B, Mathew M, Rajagopalan U, Nagarajan P. Serious adverse effects following use of liraglutide in individuals with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetol 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_78_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
|
11
|
Yadav VK, Berger JM, Singh P, Nagarajan P, Karsenty G. Embryonic osteocalcin signalling determines lifelong adrenal steroidogenesis and homeostasis in the mouse. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:153752. [PMID: 34905510 PMCID: PMC8843753 DOI: 10.1172/jci153752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Through their ability to regulate gene expression in most organs, glucocorticoid hormones influence numerous physiological processes and therefore are key regulators of organismal homeostasis. In bone, glucocorticoid hormones inhibit the expression of the hormone Osteocalcin for poorly understood reasons. Here we show that in a classical endocrine feedback loop, osteocalcin in return enhances the biosynthesis of glucocorticoid but also mineralocorticoid hormones (adrenal steroidogenesis) in rodents and primates. Conversely, inactivating osteocalcin signalling in adrenal glands significantly impairs adrenal growth and steroidogenesis in mice. Embryo-made osteocalcin is necessary for normal Sf1 expression in foetal adrenal cells and adrenal cell steroidogenic differentiation, it therefore determines the number of steroidogenic cells present in adrenal glands of adult animals. Embryonic not postnatal osteocalcin also governs adrenal growth, adrenal steroidogenesis, blood pressure, electrolyte equilibrium and the rise of circulating corticosterone during the acute stress response in adult offspring. This osteocalcin-dependent regulation of adrenal development and steroidogenesis occurs even in the absence of a functional of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis; this explains why osteocalcin administration during pregnancy promotes adrenal growth and steroidogenesis and improves survival of adrenocorticotropic hormone signalling-deficient animals. This study reveals that a bone-derived, embryonic hormone influences lifelong adrenal functions and organismal homeostasis in the mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | - Julian M Berger
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | - Parminder Singh
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mitra D, Rao PK, Nagarajan P, Bishop A, Farooqi A, Gershenwald J, Wargo J, Keung E, Fisher S, Davies M, Amaria R, Ross M, Guadagnolo B. 30-Year Experience Managing Anorectal Melanoma With Sphincter-Sparing Local Excision and Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
13
|
Priya S, Kaur E, Kulshrestha S, Pandit A, Gross I, Kumar N, Agarwal H, Khan A, Shyam R, Bhagat P, Prabhu JS, Nagarajan P, Deo SVS, Bajaj A, Freund JN, Mukhopadhyay A, Sengupta S. CDX2 inducible microRNAs sustain colon cancer by targeting multiple DNA damage response pathway factors. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258601. [PMID: 34369561 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis of transcripts in colon adenocarcinoma patient tissues led to the identification of a DNA damage responsive miR signature called DNA damage sensitive miRs (DDSMs). DDSMs were experimentally validated in the cancerous colon tissues obtained from an independent cohort of colon cancer patients and in multiple cellular systems with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. All the tested DDSMs were transcriptionally upregulated by a common intestine-specific transcription factor, CDX2. Reciprocally, DDSMs were repressed via the recruitment of HDAC1/2-containing complexes onto the CDX2 promoter. These miRs downregulated multiple key targets in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, namely BRCA1, ATM, Chk1 (also known as CHEK1) and RNF8. CDX2 directly regulated the DDSMs, which led to increased tumor volume and metastasis in multiple preclinical models. In colon cancer patient tissues, the DDSMs negatively correlated with BRCA1 levels, were associated with decreased probability of survival and thereby could be used as a prognostic biomarker. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Priya
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Swati Kulshrestha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Awadhesh Pandit
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR_S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Himanshi Agarwal
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aamir Khan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Radhey Shyam
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakash Bhagat
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR_S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mishra A, Mohan KV, Nagarajan P, Iyer S, Kesarwani A, Nath M, Moksha L, Bhattacharjee J, Das B, Jain K, Sahu P, Sinha P, Velapandian T, Upadhyay P. Peripheral blood-derived monocytes show neuronal properties and integration in immune-deficient rd1 mouse model upon phenotypic differentiation and induction with retinal growth factors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:412. [PMID: 32967734 PMCID: PMC7510317 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy is one of the most promising therapeutic interventions for retinitis pigmentosa. In the current study, we aimed to assess if peripheral blood-derived monocytes which are highly abundant and accessible could be utilized as a potential candidate for phenotypic differentiation into neuron-like cells. METHODS The peripheral blood-derived monocytes were reconditioned phenotypically using extrinsic growth factors to induce pluripotency and proliferation. The reconditioned monocytes (RM) were further incubated with a cocktail of growth factors involved in retinal development and growth to induce retinal neuron-like properties. These cells, termed as retinal neuron-like cells (RNLCs) were characterized for their morphological, molecular and functional behaviour in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The monocytes de-differentiated in vitro and acquired pluripotency with the expression of prominent stem cell markers. Treatment of RM with retinal growth factors led to an upregulation of neuronal and retinal lineage markers and downregulation of myeloid markers. These cells show morphological alterations resembling retinal neuron-like cells and expressed photoreceptor (PR) markers. The induced RNLCs also exhibited relative membrane potential change upon light exposure suggesting that they have gained some neuronal characteristics. Further studies showed that RNLCs could also integrate in an immune-deficient retinitis pigmentosa mouse model NOD.SCID-rd1 upon sub-retinal transplantation. The RNLCs engrafted in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the RP afflicted retina. Mice transplanted with RNLCs showed improvement in depth perception, exploratory behaviour and the optokinetic response. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that reconditioned monocytes can be induced to acquire retinal neuron-like properties through differentiation using a defined growth media and can be a potential candidate for cell therapy-based interventions and disease modelling for ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaknanda Mishra
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - K Varsha Mohan
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Srikanth Iyer
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Kesarwani
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Madhu Nath
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Laxmi Moksha
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Barun Das
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kshama Jain
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Parul Sahu
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prakriti Sinha
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - T Velapandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pramod Upadhyay
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sahu P, Mohan KV, Aggarwal S, Arindkar S, Mahesh Kumar J, Kumar Upadhyay P, Ramakrishna G, Nagarajan P. Apoptosis-inducing factor deficient mice fail to develop hepatic steatosis under high fat high fructose diet or bile duct ligation. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:296-307. [PMID: 32767404 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein involved in redox signalling and programmed cell death. The role of AIF has been well recognized in diabetes and obesity. However, the aspect of AIF deficiency in the development of hepatic steatosis and liver injury is unknown. Therefore, in the current study, Harlequin (Hq mutant) mouse with markedly reduced content of AIF was investigated to explore the role of AIF on the initiation of liver injury. The wild type (WT) developed physiological and pathological features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that were not seen in the Hq mice with AIF deficiency, when fed on high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. Following bile duct ligation (BDL), the liver associated pathological changes were less conspicuous in Hq mice as compared to WT mice. The expression of AIF protein and apoptosis was markedly lesser as compared to their respective control in Hq mice on HFHF diet. Furthermore, the genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were also altered in the group of treated Hq mice. In conclusion, Hq mice failed to develop diet induced hepatic steatosis, suggestive of a role of AIF mediated pathway in the initiation and progression of liver inflammation. Thus, partial loss of AIF appears to be hepatoprotective. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: AIF deficiency has multiple roles in altered pathology processes and cellular metabolism, thereby compromising the cellular homeostasis. Considering the molecular functions of AIF in other organ pathology little is known about its role in diet induced liver injury. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of AIF deficiency in liver injury and diseases with focus on NAFLD. The study will help to deliniate the mechanisms of NAFLD using Harliquin Mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sahu
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Subramanyam B, Sivaramakrishnan G, Dhandapani R, Sangamithrai D, Sivaraman P, Dinesh V, Thiruvengadam K, Golla R, Nagarajan P, Mondal R. Improved detection of previously undetectable mycobacteria grown in liquid culture. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 24:754-755. [PMID: 32718418 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Subramanyam
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - G Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - R Dhandapani
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - D Sangamithrai
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - P Sivaraman
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - V Dinesh
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - K Thiruvengadam
- Department of Statistics (EPID), National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India, ,
| | - R Golla
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - R Mondal
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohanty S, Barik P, Debata N, Nagarajan P, Devadas S. iCa 2+ Flux, ROS and IL-10 Determines Cytotoxic, and Suppressor T Cell Functions in Chronic Human Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 32210950 PMCID: PMC7068714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and increased IL-10 production is well-known in chronic viral infections but mechanisms leading to loss of their cytotoxic capabilities and consequent exhaustion remain unclear. Exhausted CD8+T cells also called T suppressors are highly immune suppressive with altered T cell receptor signaling characteristics that mark it exclusively from their cytotoxic counterparts. Our study found that iCa2+ flux is reduced following T cell receptor activation in T suppressor cells when compared to their effector counterpart. Importantly chronic activation of murine cytotoxic CD8+ T cells lead to reduced iCa2+ influx, decreased IFN-γ and enhanced IL-10 production and this profile is mimicked in Tc1 cells upon reduction of iCa2+ flux by extracellular calcium channel inhibitors. Further reduced iCa2+ flux induced ROS which lead to IFN-γ reduction and increased IL-10 producing T suppressors through the STAT3—STAT5 axis. The above findings were substantiated by our human data where reduced iCa2+ flux in chronic Hepatitis infections displayed CD8+ T cells with low IFN-γ and increased IL-10 production. Importantly treatment with an antioxidant led to increased IFN-γ and reduced IL-10 production in human chronic Hep-B/C samples suggesting overall a proximal regulatory role for iCa2+ influx, ROS, and IL-10 in determining the effector/ suppressive axis of CD8+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mohanty
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prakash Barik
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nagen Debata
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Devadas
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sahay P, Jain K, Sinha P, Das B, Mishra A, Kesarwani A, Sahu P, Mohan KV, Kumar MJM, Nagarajan P, Upadhyay P. Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31840655 DOI: 10.3791/60146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition caused by various etiologies resulting in the loss of metabolic, biochemical, synthesizing, and detoxifying functions of the liver. In most irreversible liver damage cases, orthotropic liver transplant (OLT) remains the only available treatment. To study the therapeutic potential of a treatment for ALF, its prior testing in an animal model of ALF is essential. In the current study, an ALF model in rats was developed by combining 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) and injections of acetaminophen (APAP) that provides a therapeutic window of 48 h. The median and left lateral lobes of the liver were removed to excise 70% of the liver mass and APAP was given 24 h postsurgically for 2 days. Survival in ALF-induced animals was found to be severely decreased. The development of ALF was confirmed by altered serum levels of the enzymes alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP); changes in prothrombin time (PT); and assessment of the international normalized ratio (INR). Study of the gene expression profile by qPCR revealed an increase in expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and in the progression of liver injury. Diffused degeneration of hepatocytes and infiltration of immune cells was observed by histological evaluation. The reversibility of ALF was confirmed by the restoration of survival and serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP after intrasplenic transplantation of syngeneic healthy rat hepatocytes. This model presents a reliable alternative to the available ALF animal models to study the pathophysiology of ALF as well as to evaluate the potential of a novel therapy for ALF. The use of two different approaches also makes it possible to study the combined effect of physical and drug-induced liver injury. The reproducibility and feasibility of current procedure is an added benefit of the model.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gross N, Ferrarotto R, Nagarajan P, Bell D, El-Naggar A, Johnson J, Yuan Y, Glisson B, Wong M, Rosenthal D, Esmaeli B, Migden M, Wargo J, Weber R, Myers J. Phase II study of neoadjuvant cemiplimab prior to surgery in patients with stage III/IV (M0) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCC-HN). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz394.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
20
|
Marzuk SM, Rohit A, Nagarajan P, Nzana V, Katuraga VM, Parthasarathy R, Mathew M, Abraham G. An unusual case of unresolving tunnel infection in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 36:600-602. [PMID: 30880716 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_18_425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Atypical mycobacteria remain a rare cause of peritoneal dialysis catheter-related tunnel infection (TI) and poses serious risk because of the resistant nature to most antibiotic therapy. Non-tubercular mycobacterial infections lead to chronicity requiring peritoneal dialysis catheter removal. We report an 82-year-old male, with diabetic nephropathy who had a coinfection with Staphylococcus hominis and Mycobacterium abscessus who presented with pus discharge at exit site and TI. He was treated with relocation of the extraperitoneal part of the catheter with a new exit site without catheter removal and multidrug mycobacterial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mohamed Marzuk
- Department of Nephrology, Institue of Kidney Disease Urology and Organ Transplantation, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Rohit
- Department of Microbiology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of Nephrology, Institue of Kidney Disease Urology and Organ Transplantation, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Victorine Nzana
- Department of Nephrology, Institue of Kidney Disease Urology and Organ Transplantation, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Verus Mboneko Katuraga
- Department of Nephrology, Institue of Kidney Disease Urology and Organ Transplantation, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeevalochana Parthasarathy
- Department of Nephrology, Institue of Kidney Disease Urology and Organ Transplantation, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Milly Mathew
- Department of Nephrology, Institue of Kidney Disease Urology and Organ Transplantation, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Georgi Abraham
- Department of Nephrology, Institue of Kidney Disease Urology and Organ Transplantation, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bhattacharya I, Basu S, Pradhan BS, Sarkar H, Nagarajan P, Majumdar SS. Testosterone augments FSH signaling by upregulating the expression and activity of FSH-Receptor in Pubertal Primate Sertoli cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 482:70-80. [PMID: 30579957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic actions of Testosterone (T) and FSH via testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) regulate male fertility. We have previously reported that the actions of these hormones (T and FSH) in infant monkey testes are restricted only to the expansion of Sc and spermatogonial cells. The robust differentiation of male Germ cells (Gc) occurs after pubertal maturation of testis. The present study was aimed to investigate the molecular basis of the synergy between T and FSH action in pubertal primate (Macaca mulatta) Sc. Using primary Sc culture, we here have demonstrated that T (but not FSH) downregulated AMH and Inhibin-β-B (INHBB) mRNAs in pubertal Sc. We also found that, prolonged stimulation of T in pubertal Sc significantly elevated the expression of genes involved in FSH signaling pathway like FSH-Receptor (FSHR), GNAS and RIC8B, and this was associated with a rise in cAMP production. T also augmented FSH induced expression of genes like SCF, GDNF, ABP and Transferrin (TF) in pubertal Sc. We therefore conclude that T acts in synergy with FSH signaling in pubertal Sc. Such a coordinated network of hormonal signaling in Sc may facilitate the timely onset of the first spermatogenic wave in pubertal primates and is responsible for quantitatively and qualitatively normal spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India; Primate Research Center, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Campus, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sayon Basu
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bhola Shankar Pradhan
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Hironmoy Sarkar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Primate Research Center, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Subeer S Majumdar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India; Primate Research Center, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Farah M, Nagarajan P, Curry J, Tang Z, Kim T, Aung P, Torres‐Cabala C, Eterovic A, Wargo J, Prieto V, Tetzlaff M. 有 ALK 组织病理学特征的斯皮茨痣样黑色素瘤基因重排显示 ALK 拷贝数增加: 导致斯皮茨痣样黑色素瘤中 ALK 激活的一种新机制. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
23
|
Farah M, Nagarajan P, Curry J, Tang Z, Kim T, Aung P, Torres‐Cabala C, Eterovic A, Wargo J, Prieto V, Tetzlaff M. Spitzoid melanoma with ALK copy number gain. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Shekhar R, Priyanka P, Kumar P, Ghosh T, Khan MM, Nagarajan P, Saxena S. The microRNAs miR-449a and miR-424 suppress osteosarcoma by targeting cyclin A2 expression. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4381-4400. [PMID: 30679313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs of the miR-16 and miR-34 families have been reported to inhibit cell cycle progression, and their loss has been linked to oncogenic transformation. Utilizing a high-throughput, genome-wide screen for miRNAs and mRNAs that are differentially regulated in osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines, we report that miR-449a and miR-424, belonging to the miR-34 and miR-16 families, respectively, target the major S/G2 phase cyclin, cyclin A2 (CCNA2), in a bipartite manner. We found that the 3'-UTR of CCNA2 is recognized by miR-449a, whereas the CCNA2 coding region is targeted by miR-424. Of note, we observed loss of both miR-449a and miR-424 in OS, resulting in derepression of CCNA2 and appearance of aggressive cancer phenotypes. Ectopic expression of miR-449a and miR-424 significantly decreased cyclin A2 levels and inhibited proliferation rate, migratory potential, and colony-forming ability of OS cells. To further probe the roles of miR-449a and miR-424 in OS, we developed an OS mouse model by intraosseous injection of U2OS cells into the tibia bone of NOD-scid mice, which indicated that miR-449a and miR-424 co-expression suppresses tumor growth. On the basis of this discovery, we analyzed the gene expression of human OS biopsy samples, revealing that miR-449a and miR-424 are both down-regulated, whereas cyclin A2 is significantly up-regulated in these OS samples. In summary, the findings in our study highlight that cyclin A2 repression by miRNAs of the miR-16 and miR-34 families is lost in aggressive OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Shekhar
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Priyanka Priyanka
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Tanushree Ghosh
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Md Muntaz Khan
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Farah M, Nagarajan P, Curry JL, Tang Z, Kim TB, Aung PP, Torres-Cabala CA, Eterovic AK, Wargo JA, Prieto VG, Tetzlaff MT. Spitzoid melanoma with histopathological features of ALK gene rearrangement exhibiting ALK copy number gain: a novel mechanism of ALK activation in spitzoid neoplasia. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:404-408. [PMID: 29897634 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spitzoid neoplasms pose diagnostic difficulties because their morphology is not consistently predictive of their biological potential. Recent advances in the molecular characterization of these tumours provides a framework by which they can now begin to be categorized. In particular, spitzoid lesions with ALK rearrangement have been specifically associated with a characteristic plexiform growth pattern of intersecting fascicles of amelanotic spindled melanocytes. We report the case of an 87-year-old man with a 3-cm nodule on his mid-upper back comprised of an intradermal proliferation of fusiform amelanotic melanocytes arranged in intersecting fascicles with occasional peritumoral clefts. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated diffuse, strong expression of SOX10 and S100 by the tumour cells and diffuse, weak-to-moderate cytoplasmic positivity for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), suggestive of ALK rearrangement. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed no ALK rearrangements but instead revealed at least three intact ALK signals in 36% of the tumour cells, confirming ALK copy number gain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a plexiform spitzoid neoplasm exhibiting ALK copy number gain instead of ALK rearrangement. This case suggests that ALK copy number gain is a novel mechanism of ALK activation but with the same characteristic histopathological growth pattern seen among ALK-rearranged spitzoid neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Farah
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - J L Curry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - Z Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - T-B Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - P P Aung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - C A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - A K Eterovic
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - J A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - V G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - M T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mishra A, Arindkar S, Sahay P, Kumar JM, Upadhyay PK, Majumdar SS, Nagarajan P. Evaluation of high-fat high-fructose diet treatment in factor VIII (coagulation factor)-deficient mouse model. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:46-53. [PMID: 29656466 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-like conditions enhance the production and action of clotting factors in humans. However, studies examining the effect of NAFLD due to high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet in factor VIII-deficient (haemophilia A) animals or patients have not been reported previously. In this study, we investigated the individual role of factor VIII in the progression of diet-induced NAFLD in the factor 8-/- (F8-/- ) mouse model system and its consequences on the haemophilic status of the mice. The F8-/- mice were fed with HFHF diet for 14 weeks. Physiological, biochemical, haematological, molecular, pathological, and immune histochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of this diet. The F8-/- mice developed hepatic steatosis after 14 weeks HFHF diet and displayed lower energy metabolism, higher myeloid cell infiltration in the liver, decreased platelet count, upregulated de novo fatty acid synthesis, lipid accumulation, and collagen deposition. This study helps to understand the role of factor VIII in NAFLD pathogenesis and to analyse the severity and consequences of steatosis in haemophilic patients as compared to normal population. This study suggests that haemophilic animals (F8-/- mice) are highly prone to hepatic steatosis and thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Preeti Sahay
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Das B, Bhattacharjee J, Preeti, Mishra A, Jain K, Iyer S, Kesarwani A, Sahu P, Sinha P, Nagarajan P, Upadhyay P. Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553548 DOI: 10.3791/56018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial hepatectomy is a versatile and reproducible method to study liver regeneration and the effect of cell based therapeutics in various pathological conditions. Partial hepatectomy also facilitates the increased engraftment and proliferation of transplanted cells by accelerating neovascularization and cell migration towards the liver. Here, we describe a simple protocol for performing 30% hepatectomy and transplantation of cells in the spleen of a non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient NOD.SCID (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J) mouse. In this procedure, two small incisions are made. The first incision is to expose and resect the left lobe of the liver, and another small incision is made to expose the spleen for the intrasplenic transplantation of cells. This procedure does not require any specialized surgical skills, and it can be completed in 5-7 minutes with less stress and pain, faster recovery, and better survival. We have demonstrated the transplantation of hepatocytes isolated from a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing mouse (Transgenic C57BL/6-Tg (UBC-GFP) 30Scha/J), as well as hepatocyte like cells of human origin (NeoHep) in partially hepatectomized NOD.SCID mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Preeti
- National Institute of Immunology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lewis DJ, Miranda RN, Oh CW, Hinojosa T, Medeiros LJ, Curry JL, Tetzlaff MT, Torres-Cabala CA, Nagarajan P, Ravandi-Kashani F, Duvic M. Pruritic arthropod bite-like papules in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:449-453. [PMID: 29423961 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (T-LGLL) is a clinically indolent mature T-cell neoplasm characterized by a monoclonal population of CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which usually presents as neutropenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a clonal haematopoietic disorder with features of both a myeloproliferative neoplasm and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with CMML exhibit a persistent peripheral blood monocytosis in addition to myelodysplastic features. Because of the rarity of T-LGLL, its cutaneous manifestations are poorly documented, but include vasculitis, vasculopathy, persistent ulcerations, generalized pruritus and disseminated granuloma annulare. Various types of skin lesions have been observed in patients with CMML and reportedly occur in approximately 10% of cases. We report the extraordinary case of a patient with MDS who developed T-LGLL, and subsequently the MDS progressed to CMML. The patient then developed diffuse arthropod bite-like papules and intractable pruritus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C W Oh
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - T Hinojosa
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L J Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J L Curry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Ravandi-Kashani
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Unissa AN, Dusthackeer VNA, Kumar MP, Nagarajan P, Sukumar S, Kumari VI, Lakshmi AR, Hanna LE. Variants of katG, inhA and nat genes are not associated with mutations in efflux pump genes (mmpL3 and mmpL7) in isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from India. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:144-148. [PMID: 29050763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand the impact of efflux pump genes such as mmpL3 and mmpL7 on isoniazid (INH) resistance and to correlate with presence or absence of mutations in essential genes of INH resistance (katG, inhA, and nat) in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). One hundred (75 resistant and 25 sensitive) clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from India were selected for the study. The presence of mutations in specific regions of katG, inhA, and nat, efflux pump genes (mmpL3 and mmpL7) associated with INH resistance were analyzed using multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (MAS-PCR) and DNA sequencing methods, respectively. Substitution mutation AGC-ACC at codon 315 of the katG gene was detected in 65% of resistant isolates. Mutation (C-T at nucleotide position 15) in the inhA promoter region was seen in 22% of resistant isolates. Silent mutation (GGA to GGG) at codon 207 in the nat gene was found in three resistant isolates. No mutations were found in either of the efflux genes (mmpL3 and mmpL7) in any of the isolates. Of the 75 resistant isolates analyzed, 74% had mutation in katG and inhA genes. Thus, this report suggests that the role of mmpL3, mmpL7 and nat genes in INH resistance should not be overestimated in comparison to the primary contribution by katG and inhA in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. Further, this concise report is the first of its kind to our knowledge, to show the influence of efflux genes on INH resistance in relation to katG and inhA in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nusrath Unissa
- Post Doctoral Fellow, Centre for Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India.
| | - V N Azger Dusthackeer
- Scientist B, Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
| | - Micheal Prem Kumar
- Technical Officer, Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
| | - P Nagarajan
- Technical Assistant, Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
| | - S Sukumar
- Project students, Centre for Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
| | - V Indira Kumari
- Project students, Centre for Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
| | - A Ramya Lakshmi
- Project students, Centre for Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
| | - L E Hanna
- Scientist E, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dende C, Meena J, Nagarajan P, Nagaraj VA, Panda AK, Padmanaban G. Nanocurcumin is superior to native curcumin in preventing degenerative changes in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10062. [PMID: 28855623 PMCID: PMC5577147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has many pharmacological activities despite its poor bioavailability and in vivo stability. Here, we show that a nanoformulated curcumin (PLGA-curcumin) has better therapeutic index than native curcumin in preventing the onset of neurological symptoms and delaying the death of mice in experimental cerebral malaria. Oral PLGA-curcumin was at least as effective as native curcumin at a 15-fold lower concentration in preventing the breakdown of blood-brain barrier and inhibition of brain mRNAs for inflammatory cytokines, chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL10, with an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This was also reflected in serum cytokine and chemokine levels. At equivalent concentrations, a single oral dose of PLGA-curcumin was more effective in inhibiting serum IFNγ levels and enhancing IL-10 levels than native curcumin. Even at low concentrations, PLGA-curcumin was superior to native curcumin in inhibiting the sequestration of parasitized-RBCs and CD8+ T cells in the brain. A single oral dose of 5 mg PLGA-curcumin containing 350 μg of curcumin resulted in 3–4 fold higher concentration and prolonged presence of curcumin in the brain than that obtained with 5 mg of native curcumin, indicating better bioavailability of PLGA-curcumin. PLGA-curcumin has potential as an adjunct drug to treat human cerebral malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Dende
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Jairam Meena
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mishra A, Das B, Nath M, Iyer S, Kesarwani A, Bhattacharjee J, Arindkar S, Sahay P, Jain K, Sahu P, Sinha P, Velpandian T, Nagarajan P, Upadhyay P. A novel immunodeficient NOD.SCID -rd1 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa to investigate potential therapeutics and pathogenesis of retinal degeneration. Biol Open 2017; 6:449-462. [PMID: 28258056 PMCID: PMC5399550 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common retinal degeneration disease caused by mutation in any gene of the photo transduction cascade and results in photoreceptor dystrophy. Over decades, several animal models have been used to address the need for the elucidation of effective therapeutics and factors regulating retinal degeneration to prohibit or renew the damaged retina. However, controversies over the immune privilege of retina during cell transplantation and the role of immune modulation during RP still remain largely uninvestigated because of the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we have developed an immunocompromised mouse model, NOD.SCID-rd1, for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by crossing CBA/J and NOD SCID mice and selecting homozygous double mutant animals for further breeding. Characterization of the newly developed RP model indicates a similar retinal degeneration pattern as CBA/J, with a decreased apoptosis rate and rhodopsin loss. It also exhibits loss of T cells, B cells and NK cells. The NOD.SCID-rd1 model is extremely useful for allogenic and xenogenic cell-based therapeutics, as indicated by the higher cell integration capacity post transplantation. We dissect the underlying role of the immune system in the progression of RP and the effect of immune deficiency on immune privilege of the eye using comparative qPCR studies of this model and the immune-competent RP model. Summary: NOD.SCID-rd1 is an immune compromised mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) to investigate cell-based therapeutics for retinal rescue during RP and to study immunological aspects of its pathogenesis and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaknanda Mishra
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Barun Das
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Madhu Nath
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Srikanth Iyer
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Kesarwani
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jashdeep Bhattacharjee
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shailendra Arindkar
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Preeti Sahay
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kshama Jain
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Parul Sahu
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakriti Sinha
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod Upadhyay
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baligar P, Kochat V, Arindkar SK, Equbal Z, Mukherjee S, Patel S, Nagarajan P, Mohanty S, Teckman JH, Mukhopadhyay A. Bone marrow stem cell therapy partially ameliorates pathological consequences in livers of mice expressing mutant human α1-antitrypsin. Hepatology 2017; 65:1319-1335. [PMID: 28056498 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disease, caused by mutation of the AAT gene. Accumulation of mutated AAT protein aggregates in hepatocytes leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in impairment of liver functions and, in some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas decline of AAT levels in sera is responsible for pulmonary emphysema. In advanced liver disease, the only option for treatment is liver transplantation, whereas AAT replacement therapy is therapeutic for emphysema. Given that hepatocytes are the primary affected cells in AATD, we investigated whether transplantation of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells in transgenic mice expressing human AATZ (the Z variant of AAT) confers any competitive advantages compared to host cells that could lead to pathological improvement. Mouse BM progenitors and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appeared to contribute in replacement of 40% and 13% host hepatocytes, respectively. Transplantation of cells resulted in decline of globule-containing hepatocytes, improvement in proliferation of globule-devoid hepatocytes from the host-derived hepatocytes, and apparently, donor-derived cells. Further analyses revealed that transplantation partially improves liver pathology as reflected by inflammatory response, fibrosis, and apoptotic death of hepatocytes. Cell therapy was also found to improve liver glycogen storage and sera glucose level in mice expressing human AATZ mice. These overall improvements in liver pathology were not restricted to transplantation of mouse BM cells. Preliminary results also showed that following transplantation of human BM-derived MSCs, globule-containing hepatocytes declined and donor-derived cells expressed human AAT protein. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BM stem cell transplantation may be a promising therapy for AATD-related liver disease. (Hepatology 2017;65:1319-1335).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Baligar
- Stem Cell Biology, Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Veena Kochat
- Stem Cell Biology, Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Zaffar Equbal
- Stem Cell Biology, Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Snehashish Mukherjee
- Stem Cell Biology, Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Patel
- Stem Cell Biology, Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeffrey H Teckman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Asok Mukhopadhyay
- Stem Cell Biology, Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shajahan A, Parashar S, Goswami S, Ahmed SM, Nagarajan P, Sampathkumar SG. Carbohydrate–Neuroactive Hybrid Strategy for Metabolic Glycan Engineering of the Central Nervous System in Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:693-700. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Shajahan
- Laboratory
of Chemical Glycobiology and ‡Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shubham Parashar
- Laboratory
of Chemical Glycobiology and ‡Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi 110067, India
| | - Surbhi Goswami
- Laboratory
of Chemical Glycobiology and ‡Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi 110067, India
| | - Syed Meheboob Ahmed
- Laboratory
of Chemical Glycobiology and ‡Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi 110067, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Laboratory
of Chemical Glycobiology and ‡Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi 110067, India
| | - Srinivasa-Gopalan Sampathkumar
- Laboratory
of Chemical Glycobiology and ‡Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nagarajan P, Tetzlaff M, Curry J, Prieto V. Use of New Techniques in Addition to IHC Applied to the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions, With Emphasis on CGH, FISH, and Mass Spectrometry. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
35
|
|
36
|
Mishra A, Upadhyay PK, Nagarajan P. Immunotherapy in Liver Diseases: A Balance Between Immunity and Tolerance. Curr Drug Metab 2016:CGT-EPUB-79732. [PMID: 27848888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In today's context when liver diseases have spread across countries and people of all ages, it is of high importance to consider novel methods of non-toxic and long lived therapeutics. Among various therapies, immunotherapy for acute and chronic liver diseases is rapidly moving to the forefront among treatment options in hepatology medicine. Liver has a unique immuno- biological advantage which is utilized to maintain a balance between immunity and tolerance. This intricate balance of hepatic immune cells can be modulated to effect treatments in various liver diseases. The present review covers the recent advances in immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, obesity induced inflammation, non alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), drug induced liver injury (DILI) and disease pertaining to autoimmunity in liver.
Collapse
|
37
|
Mishra A, Iyer S, Kesarwani A, Baligar P, Arya SP, Arindkar S, Kumar MJM, Upadhyay P, Majumdar SS, Nagarajan P. Role of antigen presenting cell invariant chain in the development of hepatic steatosis in mouse model. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:188-97. [PMID: 27371158 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of Invariant chain (CD74 or Ii) in antigen presentation via Antigen Presenting Cells (APC), macrophage recruitment as well as survival, T cell activation and B cell differentiation has been well recognized. However, the aspect of CD74 which is involved in the development of hepatic steatosis and the pathways through which it acts remain to be studied. In this study, we investigated the role of CD74 in the inflammatory pathway and its contribution to development of hepatic steatosis. For this, wild type C57BL/6J and CD74 deficient mice (Ii(-/-) mice) were fed with high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet for 12 weeks. Chronic consumption of this feed did not develop hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance or change in the level of immune cells in Ii(-/-) mice. Moreover, there was relatively delayed expression of genes involved in development of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HFHF fed Ii(-/-) mice as compared to that of C57BL/6J phenotype. Taken together, the data suggest that HFHF diet fed Ii(-/-) mice fail to develop hepatic steatosis, suggesting that Ii mediated pathways play a vital role in the initiation and propagation of liver inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srikanth Iyer
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | | | - Satya Pal Arya
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nagarajan P, Vinsley SS. Accurate Optic Disc Boundary in Digital Fundus Images Using Discrete Shearlet Transform and Convex Hull Border Estimator. J Med Imaging Hlth Inform 2016. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2016.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
39
|
Bhattacharjee J, Das B, Sharma D, Sahay P, Jain K, Mishra A, Iyer S, Nagpal P, Scaria V, Nagarajan P, Khanduri P, Mukhopadhyay A, Upadhyay P. Autologous NeoHep Derived from Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients' Blood Monocytes by Upregulation of c-MET Signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:174-186. [PMID: 28170202 PMCID: PMC5442753 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the escalating need for autologous cell‐based therapy for treatment of liver diseases, a novel candidate has been explored in the present study. The monocytes isolated from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) nucleic acid test (NAT)‐positive (HNP) blood were differentiated to hepatocyte‐like cells (NeoHep) in vitro by a two‐step culture procedure. The excess neutrophils present in HNP blood were removed before setting up the culture. In the first step of culture, apoptotic cells were depleted and genes involved in hypoxia were induced, which was followed by the upregulation of genes involved in the c‐MET signaling pathway in the second step. The NeoHep were void of hepatitis B virus and showed expression of albumin, connexin 32, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4‐α, and functions such as albumin secretion and cytochrome P450 enzyme‐mediated detoxification of xenobiotics. The engraftment of NeoHep derived from HBsAg‐NAT‐positive blood monocytes in partially hepatectomized NOD.CB17‐Prkdcscid/J mice liver and the subsequent secretion of human albumin and clotting factor VII activity in serum make NeoHep a promising candidate for cell‐based therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:174–186
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barun Das
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Disha Sharma
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Sahay
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kshama Jain
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Alaknanda Mishra
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Srikanth Iyer
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Puja Nagpal
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Asok Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Upadhyay
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Iyer S, Upadhyay PK, Majumdar SS, Nagarajan P. Animal Models Correlating Immune Cells for the Development of NAFLD/NASH. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:239-45. [PMID: 26628841 PMCID: PMC4632099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review mainly elaborates on the animal models available for understanding the pathogenesis of the second hit of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involving immune system. This is known to be a step forward from simple steatosis caused during the first hit, which leads to the stage of inflammation followed by more serious liver conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Immune-deficient animal models serve as an important tool for understanding the role of a specific cell type or a cytokine in the progression of NAFLD. These animal models can be used in combination with the already available animal models of NAFLD, including dietary models, as well as genetically modified mouse models. Advancements in molecular biological techniques enabled researchers to produce several new animal models for the study of NAFLD, including knockin, generalized knockout, and tissue-specific knockout mice. Development of NASH/NAFLD in various animal models having compromised immune system is discussed in this review.
Collapse
Key Words
- APPs, acute-phase proteins
- BAFF, B cell activating factor
- Btk, Bruton's tyrosine kinase gene
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IRFs, Interferon regulatory factors
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MCD, methionine choline-deficient
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NLRs, Nod-like receptors
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- immune cells
- mouse models
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Address for correspondence: Perumal Nagarajan, National Institute of Immunology, Experimental Animal Facility, JNU Campus, New Delhi 110067, India. Tel.: +91 11 26703709; fax: +91 11 26742125.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kochat V, Kanjirakkuzhiyil S, Baligar P, Nagarajan P, Mukhopadhyay A. Donor antigen-primed regulatory T cells permit liver regeneration and phenotype correction in hemophilia A mouse by allogeneic bone marrow stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:129. [PMID: 26152192 PMCID: PMC4513683 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell replacement therapy may be considered as an alternate approach to provide therapeutic dose of plasma factor VIII (FVIII) in patients with hemophilia A (HA). However, immune rejection limits the use of allogeneic cells in this mode of therapy. Here, we have examined the role of donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-stimulated host CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in suppressing immune responses against allogeneic uncommitted (Lin(-)) bone marrow cells (BMCs) for correction of bleeding disorder in HA mice. METHODS Allogeneic donor Lin(-) BMCs were co-transplanted with allo-antigen sensitized Treg cells in HA mice having acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Plasma FVIII activity was determined by in vitro functional assay, and correction of bleeding phenotype was assessed on the basis of capillary blood clotting time and tail-clip challenge. The immunosuppression potential of the sensitized Treg cells on CD4(+) T cells was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of inflammatory reactions in the liver against the homed donor cells by sensitized Treg cells was analysed by histopathological scoring. Allo-specificity of sensitized Treg cells and long-term retention of immunosuppression were examined against a third-party donor and by secondary challenge of allogeneic donor cells, respectively. The engraftment and phenotype change of donor BMCs in the liver and their role in synthesis of FVIII and liver regeneration were also determined. RESULTS Co-transplantation of allogeneic Lin(-) BMCs with sensitized Treg cells led to systemic immune modulation and suppression of inflammatory reactions in the liver, allowing better engraftment of allogeneic cells in the liver. Allo-antigen priming led to allo-specific immune suppression even after 1 year of transplantation. Donor-derived endothelial cells expressed FVIII in HA mice, leading to the correction of bleeding phenotype. Donor-derived hepatocyte-like cells, which constitute the major fraction of engrafted cells, supported regeneration of the liver after acute injury. CONCLUSIONS A highly proficient FVIII secreting core system can be created in regenerating liver by transplanting allogeneic Lin(-) BMCs in HA mice where transplantation tolerance against donor antigens can be induced by in vitro allo-antigen primed Treg cells. This strategy can be beneficial in treatment of genetic liver disorders for achieving prophylactic levels of the missing proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Kochat
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sumod Kanjirakkuzhiyil
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Asok Mukhopadhyay
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yuvaraj A, Mathew M, Nair S, Nagarajan P, Abraham A, Abraham G. Enterobacter cloacae osteomyelitis induced post-infectious glomerulonephritis on diabetic nephropathy with progressive renal failure. Clin Kidney J 2015; 6:659-61. [PMID: 26069837 PMCID: PMC4438359 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sft105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Yuvaraj
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical Mission , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Milly Mathew
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical Mission , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sanjeev Nair
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical Mission , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of surgery , Madras Medical Mission , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Anila Abraham
- Department of renal pathology , Madras Medical Mission , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Georgi Abraham
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical Mission , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yuvaraj A, Koshy PJ, Rohit A, Nagarajan P, Nair S, Revathi L, Abraham G. Diagnostic dilemma of ultrafiltration failure in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient. Perit Dial Int 2015; 35:233-4. [PMID: 25904776 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Yuvaraj
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai
| | | | - Anusha Rohit
- Department of Microbiology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of Surgery, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai
| | - Sanjeev Nair
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai
| | | | - Georgi Abraham
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gillespie J, Skeeles LE, Allain DC, Kent MN, Peters SB, Nagarajan P, Yu L, Teknos TN, Olencki T, Toland AE. MicroRNA expression profiling in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:1043-5. [PMID: 25764000 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Gillespie
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L E Skeeles
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D C Allain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M N Kent
- Dematopathology Laboratory of Central States, Dayton, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - S B Peters
- The Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Dermatopathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T N Teknos
- The Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Olencki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bhattacharya I, Basu S, Sarda K, Gautam M, Nagarajan P, Pradhan BS, Sarkar H, Devi YS, Majumdar SS. Low levels of Gαs and Ric8b in testicular sertoli cells may underlie restricted FSH action during infancy in primates. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1143-55. [PMID: 25549048 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
FSH acts via testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) bearing FSH receptor (FSH-R) for regulating male fertility. Despite an adult-like FSH milieu in infant boys and monkeys, spermatogenesis is not initiated until the onset of puberty. We used infant and pubertal monkey Sc to reveal the molecular basis underlying developmental differences of FSH-R signaling in them. Unlike pubertal Sc, increasing doses of FSH failed to augment cAMP production by infant Sc. The expression of Gαs subunit and Ric8b, which collectively activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) for augmenting cAMP production and gene transcription, were significantly low in infant Sc. However, forskolin, which acts directly on AC bypassing FSH-R, augmented cAMP production and gene transcription uniformly in both infant and pubertal Sc. FSH-induced Gαs mRNA expression was higher in pubertal Sc. However, Gαi-2 expression was down-regulated by FSH in pubertal Sc, unlike infant Sc. FSH failed, but forskolin or 8-Bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate treatment to infant Sc significantly augmented the expression of transferrin, androgen binding protein, inhibin-β-B, stem cell factor, and glial-derived neurotropic factor, which are usually up-regulated by FSH in pubertal Sc during spermatogenic onset. This suggested that lack of FSH mediated down-regulation of Gαi-2 expression and limited expression of Gαs subunit as well as Ric8b may underlie limited FSH responsiveness of Sc during infancy. This study also divulged that intracellular signaling events downstream of FSH-R are in place and can be activated exogenously in infant Sc. Additionally, this information may help in the proper diagnosis and treatment of infertile individuals having abnormal G protein-coupled FSH-R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory (I.B., S.B., K.S., M.G., B.S.P., H.S., Y.S.D., S.S.M.) and Primate Research Centre (P.N., S.S.M.), National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India 110067
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Iyer S, Arindkar S, Mishra A, Manglani K, Kumar JM, Majumdar SS, Upadhyay P, Nagarajan P. Development and Evaluation of Transgenic Nude Mice Expressing Ubiquitous Green Fluorescent Protein. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:471-8. [PMID: 25595814 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Researchers had developed and characterized transgenic green/red fluorescent protein (GFP/RFP) nude mouse with ubiquitous RFP or GFP expression, but none has evaluated the level of immune cells and expression levels of GFP in this model. PROCEDURE The nude GFP mice were evaluated by imaging, hematological indices, and flow cytometry to compare the proportion of immune T cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was done for evaluating the relative expression of GFP transcripts in few organs of the nude GFP mice. RESULTS The hematological and immune cells of nude GFP were within the range of nude mice. However, the gene expression levels were relatively less in various tissues compared with B6 GFP mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that nude GFP is an ideal model resembling normal nude mice; however, GFP expression in various tissues by fluorescence should be considered, as the expression of GFP differs in various organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Iyer
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gopal K, Nagarajan P, Shankar EM, Kamarul T, Kumar JM. High-fat diet- and angiotensin II-induced aneurysm concurrently elicits splenic hypertrophy. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1169-76. [PMID: 25315426 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) and high-fat diet are implicated in causing pathological changes in the vascular endothelium, brain, kidney and liver. The association of aneurysm leading to histopathological changes in the splenic compartment remains elusive. Further, the salubrious credentials of antioxidants, especially α-tocopherol and β-carotene in the resolution of splenic pathology have not been investigated. METHODS Four-month-old Apoe(-/-) mice were used in the induction of aneurysm by infusing Ang II, and subsequently were orally administered with α-tocopherol and β-carotene-enriched diet for 60 days. RESULTS We observed splenomegaly in Ang II-infused aneurysm and high-fat diet-supplemented mice as compared to normal mice. These observations were further confirmed through histopathological investigations, demonstrating splenic follicular hypertrophy. We observed a remarkable decrease in the size of spleen in α-tocopherol and β-carotene-treated Apoe(-/-) mice as compared with Ang II-treated animals. Furthermore, no marked changes in the histopathological splenic sections were seen in the β-carotene-treated group. However, hyperplasia and proliferation of immature lymphocytes in the follicles were observed in the α-tocopherol-treated animals. We found that CD4+ T-cell levels were increased in the high-fat diet group relative to the control group and were decreased in the β-carotene-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that Ang II infusion and high-fat supplementation induces abdominal aortic aneurysm that has pathological implications to the spleen. The use of β-carotene but not α-tocopherol as an antioxidant markedly ameliorates the pathological changes in spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaliappan Gopal
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Orthopaedics Center for Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Reddy YNV, Abraham G, Reddy YNV, Nagarajan P, Matthew M, Jayaseelan T, Padma G. Mineral bone disease in maintenance hemodialysis patients: Association with morbidity and mortality. Indian J Nephrol 2014; 24:302-7. [PMID: 25249720 PMCID: PMC4165055 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.132988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on mineral bone disease in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients from India. This retrospective analysis was undertaken on 858 (males: 599; females: 259) patients from two medical centers on MHD from 1998 to 2010. Age, gender, months on dialysis, hours per session of dialysis, hemoglobin, serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), urine output, erythropoietin dosage per week, blood sugar, blood pressure, urea reduction rate, gain in fluid and fluid removed per session, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D level, supplemental vitamin D and use of phosphate binder for therapy were documented. Overall, 191 patients died (22%) during the observation period. There was an 86% patient survival rate at 1 year on dialysis and an overall predicted 3-year survival rate of 78%. A relatively higher iPTH (P = 0.012), a need for vitamin D supplementation (P = 0.003), less hours on dialysis per session (P = 0.046) and a non-vegetarian diet (P = 0.022) were significantly associated with mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y N V Reddy
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital and TANKER Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - G Abraham
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital and TANKER Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y N V Reddy
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital and TANKER Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - P Nagarajan
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital and TANKER Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - M Matthew
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital and TANKER Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Jayaseelan
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital and TANKER Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - G Padma
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital and TANKER Foundation, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
A 68-year-old diabetic chronic kidney disease patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for two years developed Candida haemulonii peritonitis without any predisposing factors. There is no effective treatment for this fungus. A peritoneal biopsy showed morphological changes of acute inflammation and chronicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Yuvaraj
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission , Chennai , India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|