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Shi Y, Chen J, Yang R, Wu H, Wang Z, Yang W, Cui J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Shan J, Wang D, Yang L, Hu C, Zhao J, Cao R, Tan B, Xu K, Si M, Li H, Mao R, Li L, Kang X, Wang L. Iruplinalkib (WX-0593) Versus Crizotinib in ALK TKI-Naive Locally Advanced or Metastatic ALK-Positive NSCLC: Interim Analysis of a Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study (INSPIRE). J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:912-927. [PMID: 38280448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iruplinalkib (WX-0593) is a new-generation, potent ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has been found to have systemic and central nervous system (CNS) efficacy in ALK-positive NSCLC. We compared the efficacy and safety of iruplinalkib with crizotinib in patients with ALK TKI-naive, locally advanced or metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC. METHODS In this open-label, randomized, multicenter, phase 3 study, patients with ALK-positive NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive iruplinalkib 180 mg once daily (7-d run-in at 60 mg once daily) or crizotinib 250 mg twice daily. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by Independent Review Committee (IRC) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Secondary end points included PFS by investigator, objective response rate (ORR), time to response, duration of response, intracranial ORR and time to CNS progression by IRC and investigator, overall survival, and safety. An interim analysis was planned after approximately 70% (134 events) of all 192 expected PFS events assessed by IRC were observed. Efficacy was analyzed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in the safety population, which included all randomized patients who received at least one dose of the study drugs. This study is registered with Center for Drug Evaluation of China National Medical Products Administration (CTR20191231) and Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04632758). RESULTS From September 4, 2019, to December 2, 2020, a total of 292 patients were randomized and treated; 143 with iruplinalkib and 149 with crizotinib. At this interim analysis (145 events), the median follow-up time was 26.7 months (range: 3.7-37.7) in the iruplinalkib group and 25.9 months (range: 0.5-35.9) in the crizotinib group. The PFS assessed by IRC was significantly longer among patients in the iruplinalkib group (median PFS, 27.7 mo [95% confidence interval (CI): 26.3-not estimable] versus 14.6 mo [95% CI: 11.1-16.5] in the crizotinib group; hazard ratio, 0.34 [98.02% CI: 0.23-0.52], p < 0.0001). The ORR assessed by IRC was 93.0% (95% CI: 87.5-96.6) in the iruplinalkib group and 89.3% (95% CI: 83.1-93.7) in the crizotinib group. The intracranial ORR was 90.9% (10 of 11, 95% CI: 58.7-99.8) in the iruplinalkib group and 60.0% (nine of 15, 95% CI: 32.3-83.7) in the crizotinib group for patients with measurable baseline CNS metastases. Incidence of grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events was 51.7% in the iruplinalkib group and 49.7% in the crizotinib group. CONCLUSIONS Iruplinalkib was found to have significantly improved PFS and improved intracranial antitumor activity versus crizotinib. Iruplinalkib may be a new treatment option for patients with advanced ALK-positive and ALK TKI-naive NSCLC. FUNDING This study was funded by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China, and partly supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for Key New Drug Development (2017ZX09304015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Thoracic Medicine Department I, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxiang Yang
- The Second Department of Medical Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Respiratory Intervention Department, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehai Wang
- Respiratory Medical Oncology Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Oncology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Liu
- Pulmonary Medicine Ward II, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Internal Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlu Shan
- Oncology Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglin Wang
- Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Gansu Province Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlu Hu
- Ward 4 of Department of Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Thoracic Surgery Department 1, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranhua Cao
- Department of Internal Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangxian Tan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Meimei Si
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Mao
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Li
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Kang
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chen R, Jian Y, Liu Y, Xie J. ALK-rearranged and EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma transformed to small cell lung cancer: a case report. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1395654. [PMID: 38720809 PMCID: PMC11078020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cases of ALK-rearranged EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) transforming into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are rarely reported, and diagnosis is often delayed. The emergence of this transformation phenomenon is often regarded as a consequence of acquired resistance mechanisms. Case presentation A 47-year-old male diagnosed with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the right middle lung (pT2N2M0, stage IIIA) achieved a 46-month progression-free survival (PFS) following surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. During routine follow-up, tumor recurrence and metastasis was detected. Genetic testing revealed ALK rearrangement and wild-type EGFR, prompting treatment with ALK-TKIs. In May 2023, abdominal CT scans showed significant progression of liver metastases and abnormal elevation of the tumor marker NSE. Immunohistochemical results from percutaneous liver biopsy indicated metastatic SCLC. Results After resistance to ALK-TKIs and transformation to SCLC, the patient received chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy for SCLC, but the patient's disease progressed rapidly. Currently, the patient is being treated with albumin-bound paclitaxel in combination with oral erlotinib and remains stable. Conclusion Histological transformation emerges as a compelling mechanism of resistance to ALK-TKIs, necessitating the utmost urgency for repeat biopsies in patients displaying disease progression after resistance. These biopsies are pivotal in enabling the tailor-made adaptation of treatment regimens to effectively counteract the assorted mechanisms of acquired resistance, thus optimizing patient outcomes in the battle against ALK-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Jian
- Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Mori S, Izumi H, Araki M, Liu J, Tanaka Y, Kagawa Y, Sagae Y, Ma B, Isaka Y, Sasakura Y, Kumagai S, Sakae Y, Tanaka K, Shibata Y, Udagawa H, Matsumoto S, Yoh K, Okuno Y, Goto K, Kobayashi SS. LTK mutations responsible for resistance to lorlatinib in non-small cell lung cancer harboring CLIP1-LTK fusion. Commun Biol 2024; 7:412. [PMID: 38575808 PMCID: PMC10995188 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The CLIP1-LTK fusion was recently discovered as a novel oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lorlatinib, a third-generation ALK inhibitor, exhibited a dramatic clinical response in a NSCLC patient harboring CLIP1-LTK fusion. However, it is expected that acquired resistance will inevitably develop, particularly by LTK mutations, as observed in NSCLC induced by oncogenic tyrosine kinases treated with corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this study, we evaluate eight LTK mutations corresponding to ALK mutations that lead to on-target resistance to lorlatinib. All LTK mutations show resistance to lorlatinib with the L650F mutation being the highest. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrate that gilteritinib can overcome the L650F-mediated resistance to lorlatinib. In silico analysis suggests that introduction of the L650F mutation may attenuate lorlatinib-LTK binding. Our study provides preclinical evaluations of potential on-target resistance mutations to lorlatinib, and a novel strategy to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Mori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Izumi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Araki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kagawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yukari Sagae
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Biao Ma
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuta Isaka
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoko Sasakura
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shogo Kumagai
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakae
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuji Shibata
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hibiki Udagawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoh
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan.
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Salmani-Javan E, Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid M, Zarghami N. Recent advances in molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer: Possible application in translation medicine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:122-133. [PMID: 38234663 PMCID: PMC10790298 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.72407.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death among all cancer deaths. This cancer is classified into two different histological subtypes: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the most common subtype, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is the most aggressive subtype. Understanding the molecular characteristics of lung cancer has expanded our knowledge of the cellular origins and molecular pathways affected by each of these subtypes and has contributed to the development of new therapies. Traditional treatments for lung cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Advances in understanding the nature and specificity of lung cancer have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is the newest and most specialized treatment in the treatment of lung cancer. Each of these treatments has advantages and disadvantages and causes side effects. Today, combination therapy for lung cancer reduces side effects and increases the speed of recovery. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of lung cancer in the last decade, further research into new drugs and combination therapies is needed to extend the clinical benefits and improve outcomes in lung cancer. In this review article, we discussed common lung cancer treatments and their combinations from the most advanced to the newest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Guo J, Zhou Y, Lu X. Advances in protein kinase drug discovery through targeting gatekeeper mutations. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1349-1366. [PMID: 37811637 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2265303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acquired resistance caused by gatekeeper mutations has become a major challenge for approved kinase inhibitors used in the clinic. Consequently, the development of new-generation inhibitors or degraders to overcome clinical resistance has become an important research focus for the field. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the common gatekeeper mutations in druggable kinases and the constantly evolving inhibitors or degraders designed to overcome single or double mutations of gatekeeper residues. Furthermore, the authors provide their perspectives on the medicinal chemistry strategies for addressing clinical resistance with gatekeeper mutations. EXPERT OPINION The authors suggest optimizing kinase inhibitors to interact effectively with gatekeeper residues, altering the binding mode or binding pocket to avoid steric clashes, improving binding affinity with the target, utilizing protein degraders, and developing combination therapy. These approaches have the potential to be effective in overcoming resistance due to gatekeeper residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Lv Y, Zhang C, Fu B, Liu Y, Hu J. Recent advances in the development of dual ALK/ROS1 inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115477. [PMID: 37210839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the insulin-receptor superfamily, ALK plays an important role in regulating the growth, proliferation, and survival of cells. ROS1 is highly homologous with ALK, and can also regulate normal physiological activities of cells. The overexpression of both is closely related to the development and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, ALK and ROS1 may serve as important therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinically, many ALK inhibitors have shown powerful therapeutic efficacy in ALK and ROS1-positive NSCLC patients. However, after some time, patients inevitably develop drug resistance, leading to treatment failure. There are no significant drug breakthroughs in solving the problem of drug-resistant mutations. In this review, we summarize the chemical structural features of several novel dual ALK/ROS1 inhibitors, their inhibitory effect on ALK and ROS1 kinases, and future treatment strategies for patients with ALK and ROS1 inhibitor-resistant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Li
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Yanna Lv
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Binyu Fu
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China.
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China.
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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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MET Amplification as a Resistance Driver to TKI Therapies in Lung Cancer: Clinical Challenges and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030612. [PMID: 36765572 PMCID: PMC9913224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy has emerged as an important pillar for the standard of care in oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which significantly improved outcomes of patients whose tumors harbor oncogenic driver mutations. However, tumors eventually develop resistance to targeted drugs, and mechanisms of resistance can be diverse. MET amplification has been proven to be a driver of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-treated advanced NSCLC with its activation of EGFR, ALK, RET, and ROS-1 alterations. The combined therapy of MET-TKIs and EGFR-TKIs has shown outstanding clinical efficacy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC with secondary MET amplification-mediated resistance in a series of clinical trials. In this review, we aimed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of MET amplification-mediated resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, discuss the ways and challenges in the detection and diagnosis of MET amplifications in patients with metastatic NSCLC, and summarize the recently published clinical data as well as ongoing trials of new combination strategies to overcome MET amplification-mediated TKI resistance.
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The Landscape of ALK-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Clinicopathologic, Genomic Characteristics, and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194765. [PMID: 36230686 PMCID: PMC9563286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients significantly improved thanks to the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in clinical practice. ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients benefit from treatment with ALK inhibitors (ALK-i), which have shown a greater efficacy and a better intracranial activity than chemotherapy. Comparative studies between next-generation ALK-i are still lacking and clinicians are looking for reliable tools to determine which drug suits best for each patient. The aim of this review is to deepen the role of clinical and pathological characteristics influencing patients’ prognosis during treatment with ALK-i and to provide an overview of molecular mechanisms of ALK-i resistance. In this setting, liquid biopsy may play an important role in predicting tumor response and monitoring resistance mutations. We will summarize ongoing trials developing new ALK-i or combinations between ALK-i and other agents, which may represent future scenarios in the field of NSCLC research. Abstract During the last decade, the identification of oncogenic driver mutations and the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in daily clinical practice have substantially revamped the therapeutic approach of oncogene-addicted, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene are detected in around 3–5% of all NSCLC patients. Following the promising results of Crizotinib, a first-generation ALK inhibitor (ALK-i), other second-generation and more recently third-generation TKIs have been developed and are currently a landmark in NSCLC treatment, leading to a significant improvement in patients prognosis. As clinical trials have already demonstrated high efficacy of each ALK-i, both in terms of systemic and intracranial disease control, comparative studies between second and third generation ALK-i are still lacking, and primary or secondary ALK-i resistance inevitably limit their efficacy. Resistance to ALK-i can be due to ALK-dependent or ALK-independent mechanisms, including the activation of bypass signaling pathways and histological transformation: these findings may play an important role in the future to select patients’ subsequent therapy. This review aims to provide an overview of underlying molecular alterations of ALK-i resistance and point out promising role of liquid biopsy in predicting tumor response and monitoring resistance mutations. The purpose of this review is also to summarize current approval for ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients, to help clinicians in making decisions on therapeutic sequence, and to deepen the role of clinicopathological and genomic characteristics influencing patients’ prognosis during treatment with ALK-i.
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Sakashita T, Yanagitani N, Koike S, Low SK, Takagi S, Baba S, Takeuchi K, Nishio M, Fujita N, Katayama R. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 overexpression mediates ALK inhibitor resistance in ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3888-3900. [PMID: 35950895 PMCID: PMC9633314 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rearrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) occurs in 3%‐5% of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confers sensitivity to ALK–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). For the treatment of patients with ALK‐rearranged NSCLC, various additional ALK‐TKIs have been developed. Ceritinib is a second‐generation ALK‐TKI and has shown great efficacy in the treatment of patients with both newly diagnosed and crizotinib (a first‐generation ALK‐TKI)‐refractory ALK‐rearranged NSCLC. However, tumors can also develop ceritinib resistance. This may result from secondary ALK mutations, but other mechanisms responsible for this have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of ceritinib resistance by establishing ceritinib‐resistant, echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4 (EML4)‐ALK–positive H3122 cells and ceritinib‐resistant patient‐derived cells. We identified a mechanism of ceritinib resistance induced by bypass signals that is mediated by the overexpression and activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). FGFR3 knockdown by small hairpin RNA or treatment with FGFR inhibitors was found to resensitize the resistant cells to ceritinib in vitro and in vivo. FGFR ligands from either human serum or fetal bovine serum were able to activate FGFR3 and induce ceritinib resistance. A detailed analysis of ceritinib‐resistant patient‐derived specimens confirmed that tyrosine‐protein kinase Met (cMET) amplification induces ceritinib resistance. Amplified cMET counteractivated EGFR and/or Her3 and induced ceritinib resistance. These results reveal multiple ceritinib resistance mechanisms and suggest that ceritinib resistance might be overcome by identifying precise resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sakashita
- Div. of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, JAPAN.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JAPAN.,AstraZeneca K.K., Osaka, JAPAN
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Sumie Koike
- Div. of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Div. of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Satoko Baba
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, the Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, the Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Naoya Fujita
- Director, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Div. of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, JAPAN.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JAPAN
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11
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Tanimura K, Yamada T, Okada K, Nakai K, Horinaka M, Katayama Y, Morimoto K, Ogura Y, Takeda T, Shiotsu S, Ichikawa K, Watanabe S, Morimoto Y, Iwasaku M, Kaneko Y, Uchino J, Taniguchi H, Yoneda K, Matoba S, Sakai T, Uehara H, Yano S, Kusaba T, Katayama R, Takayama K. HER3 activation contributes toward the emergence of ALK inhibitor-tolerant cells in ALK-rearranged lung cancer with mesenchymal features. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:5. [PMID: 35042943 PMCID: PMC8766605 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) have shown dramatic efficacy in patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer; however, complete response in these patients is rare. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the emergence and maintenance of drug-tolerant cells in ALK-rearranged lung cancer. Cell based-assays demonstrated that HER3 activation and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, mediated through ZEB1 proteins, help maintain cell survival and induce the emergence of ALK-TKI-tolerant cells. Compared with ALK-TKIs alone, cotreatment with pan-HER inhibitor afatinib and ALK-TKIs prevented tumor regrowth, leading to the eradication of tumors in ALK-rearranged tumors with mesenchymal features. Moreover, pre-treatment vimentin expression in clinical specimens obtained from patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer was associated with poor ALK-TKI treatment outcomes. These results demonstrated that HER3 activation plays a pivotal role in the emergence of ALK-TKI-tolerant cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of HER3 signals combined with ALK-TKIs dramatically improves treatment outcomes for ALK-rearranged lung cancer with mesenchymal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Koutaroh Okada
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Nakai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Katayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kenji Morimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuri Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, 355-5 Haruobi-Cho, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8026, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, 355-5 Haruobi-Cho, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8026, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shiotsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, 15-749, Honmachi, Higashiyama-Ku, Kyoto, 605-0981, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ichikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshie Morimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwasaku
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junji Uchino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoneda
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Second Department of Surgery, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8556, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hisanori Uehara
- Division of Pathology, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1 Kuramotocho, Tokushima City, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikaswa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusaba
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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12
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Zou Z, Hao X, Zhang C, Li H, Dong G, Peng Y, Ma K, Guo Y, Shan L, Zhang Y, Liang L, Gu Y, Xing P, Li J. Clinical outcome, long-term survival and tolerability of sequential therapy of first-line crizotinib followed by alectinib in advanced ALK+NSCLC: A multicenter retrospective analysis in China. Thorac Cancer 2021; 13:107-116. [PMID: 34851035 PMCID: PMC8720624 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited data on the clinical outcome, long-term survival and tolerability of sequential therapy of first-line crizotinib followed by alectinib in a real-world setting for Chinese patients with advanced ALK+ NSCLC. METHODS The medical records of patients who received sequential therapy with first-line crizotinib followed by alectinib (no intermittent systemic therapy was allowed between the two ALK-TKIs) were collected from six centers in China. Combined time treatment to failure (C-TTF) was defined as the period from the start of crizotinib to the complete discontinuation of alectinib due to any cause. RESULTS A total of 61 patients were included in our study. Fifty-two patients were switched to alectinib due to disease progression, seven as a result of toxicity, and two due to patient preference. At the time of data cutoff, alectinib treatment was discontinued in 31 patients on account of disease progression while severe adverse events resulted in cessation of alectinib in another two patients. Rebiopsy was conducted in 21 patients following disease progression on alectinib in whom ALK secondary mutation was found in 13 patients. Patients with ALK secondary mutation demonstrated better PFS during treatment with subsequent ALK-TKIs compared with those without (10.4 vs. 3.1 m, p = 0.0018, HR = 0.08). With a median follow-up of 34.3 months, C-TTF was 39.2 months and estimated 5-year OS was 68.6% in the overall population. CONCLUSION Sequential therapy with first-line crizotinib followed by alectinib demonstrated long-term benefits. Different efficacy in subsequent ALK-TKI between patients with or without ALK secondary mutation further emphasized the importance of rebiopsy to guide targeted therapy more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhhot, China
| | - Haojing Li
- Cancer Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhhot, China
| | - Guilan Dong
- Oncology Department, Tangshan People' s Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yumei Peng
- Oncology Department, Tangshan People' s Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Kewei Ma
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Shan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangchun Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Ma HC, Liu YH, Ding KL, Liu YF, Zhao WJ, Zhu YJ, Chang XS, Chen YD, Xiao ZZ, Yu YY, Zhou R, Zhang HB. Comparative efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with ALK-rearranged: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1278. [PMID: 34836510 PMCID: PMC8620528 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whereas there are many pharmacological interventions prescribed for patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comparative data between novel generation ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain scant. Here, we indirectly compared the efficacy and safety of first-line systemic therapeutic options used for the treatment of ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Methods We included all phase 2 and 3 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any two or three treatment options. Eligible studies reported at least one of the following outcomes: progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), or adverse events of grade 3 or higher (Grade ≥ 3 AEs). Subgroup analysis was conducted according to central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Results A total of 9 RCTs consisting of 2484 patients with 8 treatment options were included in the systematic review. Our analysis showed that alectinib (300 mg and 600 mg), brigatinib, lorlatinib and ensartinib yielded the most favorable PFS. Whereas there was no significant OS or ORR difference among the ALK-TKIs. According to Bayesian ranking profiles, lorlatinib, alectinib 600 mg and alectinib 300 mg had the best PFS (63.7%), OS (35.9%) and ORR (37%), respectively. On the other hand, ceritinib showed the highest rate of severe adverse events (60%). Conclusion Our analysis indicated that alectinib and lorlatinib might be associated with the best therapeutic efficacy in first-line treatment for major population of advanced NSCLC patients with ALK-rearrangement. However, since there is little comparative evidence on the treatment options, there is need for relative trials to fully determine the best treatment options as well as the rapidly evolving treatment landscape. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08977-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chuan Ma
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi-Hong Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kai-Lin Ding
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan-Juan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory, of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xue-Song Chang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ya-Dong Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xiao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ya-Ya Yu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory, of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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14
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Xiao D, Deng Q, He D, Huang Y, Liang W, Wang F, Yang H. High Tumor Mutation Burden and DNA Repair Gene Mutations are Associated with Primary Resistance to Crizotinib in ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4809-4817. [PMID: 34552337 PMCID: PMC8450189 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s325443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About 20% of patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) during the first 6 months. This study aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms of early TKI resistance and prognosis in ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Methods Ten patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC were included: five who developed rapid resistance to crizotinib (progression-free survival (PFS) ≤3 months) and five who exhibited a good response to crizotinib (PFS ≥36 months). The tumor specimens were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES). The validation cohort included 19 patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC who received crizotinib; targeted sequencing of 43 selected genes was performed. The effect of the TP53 G245S mutation on crizotinib sensitivity was tested in H3122 cells. Results Mutations in DNA repair-associated genes were identified in primary resistance to crizotinib. Patients with a poor response to crizotinib harbored a greater burden of somatic mutations than those with a good response [median somatic mutations, 136 (range, 72-180) vs 31 (range, 10-48)]. Compared with the patients carrying wild-type TP53 or TP53 exon 3 deletion, 29 patients with TP53 G245S mutation showed a shorter survival time (P < 0.05), with a median PFS of 3 (95% CI: 1.9-4.1) months and a median overall survival of 7 (95% CI: 3.4-10.5) months. TP53 mutation promoted the proliferation of EML4-ALK-rearranged H3122 cells by approximately 3 folds (P < 0.001). H3122 cells with TP53 mutant were more sensitive to crizotinib compared with control cells. Conclusion A higher mutation burden and mutations in DNA repair gene, including TP53, were potentially associated with primary resistance to crizotinib in ALK-rearranged NSCLC. An immune-checkpoint inhibition strategy could be examined, which might overcome primary resistance to crizotinib in ALK-rearranged NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakai Xiao
- Research Center forTranslational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhua Deng
- Research Center forTranslational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyun He
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengnan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
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15
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Zhu L, Jiang M, Wang H, Sun H, Zhu J, Zhao W, Fang Q, Yu J, Chen P, Wu S, Zheng Z, He Y. A narrative review of tumor heterogeneity and challenges to tumor drug therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1351. [PMID: 34532488 PMCID: PMC8422119 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To accurately evaluate tumor heterogeneity, make multidimensional diagnosis according to the causes and phenotypes of tumor heterogeneity, and assist in the individualized treatment of tumors. Background Tumor heterogeneity is one of the most essential characteristics of malignant tumors. In tumor recurrence, development, and evolution, tumor heterogeneity can lead to the formation of different cell groups with other molecular characteristics. Tumor heterogeneity can be characterized by the uneven distribution of tumor cell subsets of other genes between and within the disease site (spatial heterogeneity) or the time change of cancer cell molecular composition (temporal heterogeneity). The discovery of tumor targeting drugs has dramatically promoted tumor therapy. However, the existence of heterogeneity seriously affects the effect of tumor treatment and the prognosis of patients. Methods The literature discussing tumor heterogeneity and its resistance to tumor therapy was broadly searched to analyze tumor heterogeneity as well as the challenges and solutions for gene detection and tumor drug therapy. Conclusions Tumor heterogeneity is affected by many factors consist of internal cell factors and cell microenvironment. Tumor heterogeneity greatly hinders effective and individualized tumor treatment. Understanding the fickle of tumors in multiple dimensions and flexibly using a variety of detection methods to capture the changes of tumors can help to improve the design of diagnosis and treatment plans for cancer and benefit millions of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minlin Jiang
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencheng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Wu
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Haratake N, Toyokawa G, Seto T, Tagawa T, Okamoto T, Yamazaki K, Takeo S, Mori M. The mechanisms of resistance to second- and third-generation ALK inhibitors and strategies to overcome such resistance. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:975-988. [PMID: 34110954 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1940964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors are widely known to contribute to the long-term survival of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Based on clinical trial data, treatment with second- or third-generation ALK inhibitors can be initiated after crizotinib therapy without analyzing resistance mechanisms, and some randomized trials have recently shown the superiority of second- or third-generation ALK inhibitors over crizotinib as the initial treatment; however, the optimal treatment for patients who relapse while on second- or third-generation ALK inhibitors is not well-defined. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of resistance to second- or third-generation ALK inhibitors that have been identified in both clinical and pre-clinical settings, and introduces strategies for overcoming resistance and discusses ongoing clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION The comprehensive elucidation of both ALK-dependent and ALK-independent resistance mechanisms is necessary to improve the prognosis of patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Liquid biopsy to clarify these mechanisms of resistance might play an important role in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haratake
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gouji Toyokawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Seto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tasuro Okamoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sadanori Takeo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Song Z, Lv D, Chen S, Huang J, Wang L, Xu S, Chen H, Wang G, Lin Q. Efficacy and Resistance of Afatinib in Chinese Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With HER2 Alterations: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657283. [PMID: 34026634 PMCID: PMC8138059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with HER2 mutations and amplification may benefit from HER2-targeted therapy, including afatinib. However, the data regarding the clinical activity of afatinib in Chinese patients with NSCLC harboring HER2 alterations are limited. Patients and methods We retrospectively included metastatic NSCLC patients harboring HER2 alterations who treated with afatinib. The clinical outcomes included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The genomic profiling data after progression on afatinib were analyzed. Results We included 54 patients harboring HER2 mutations and 12 patients harboring HER2 amplification. The ORR was 24% (95% CI, 16–36%), the median PFS was 3.3 months (95% CI, 2.2–4.4), and the median OS was 13.9 months (95% CI, 11.4–16.5). Patients with HER2 exon 20 mutations had numerically worse ORR (17% vs 42%), shorter PFS (2.6 vs 5.8 months, HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.5; P = 0.015) and OS (12.9 vs 33.3 months, HR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.3–14.8; P = 0.009) than patients with other mutations. For HER2-amplified patients, the ORR was 33% (95% CI, 14–61%), the median PFS was 3.3 months (95% CI, 2.6–4.0), and the median OS was 13.4 months (95% CI, 0–27.6). The most frequently mutated genes in afatinib-resistant patients were TP53 (44%) and EGFR (33%). Three afatinib-resistant patients harbored secondary HER2 alterations. Conclusions Our results suggest that afatinib has a promising anti-tumor activity in patients with NSCLC harboring HER2 alterations. To our knowledge, this is the largest retrospective study about the clinical activity of afatinib in NSCLC patients with HER2 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Song
- Department of Clinical Trial, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Lv
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lishui Center Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Shuguang Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Huafei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Disease Center, Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Lin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Carcereny E, Fernández-Nistal A, López A, Montoto C, Naves A, Segú-Vergés C, Coma M, Jorba G, Oliva B, Mas JM. Head to head evaluation of second generation ALK inhibitors brigatinib and alectinib as first-line treatment for ALK+ NSCLC using an in silico systems biology-based approach. Oncotarget 2021; 12:316-332. [PMID: 33659043 PMCID: PMC7899557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 3-7% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which represent 85% of diagnosed lung cancers, have a rearrangement in the ALK gene that produces an abnormal activity of the ALK protein cell signaling pathway. The developed ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, brigatinib and lorlatinb present good performance treating ALK+ NSCLC, although all patients invariably develop resistance due to ALK secondary mutations or bypass mechanisms. In the present study, we compare the potential differences between brigatinib and alectinib's mechanisms of action as first-line treatment for ALK+ NSCLC in a systems biology-based in silico setting. Therapeutic performance mapping system (TPMS) technology was used to characterize the mechanisms of action of brigatinib and alectinib and the impact of potential resistances and drug interferences with concomitant treatments. The analyses indicate that brigatinib and alectinib affect cell growth, apoptosis and immune evasion through ALK inhibition. However, brigatinib seems to achieve a more diverse downstream effect due to a broader cancer-related kinase target spectrum. Brigatinib also shows a robust effect over invasiveness and central nervous system metastasis-related mechanisms, whereas alectinib seems to have a greater impact on the immune evasion mechanism. Based on this in silico head to head study, we conclude that brigatinib shows a predicted efficacy similar to alectinib and could be a good candidate in a first-line setting against ALK+ NSCLC. Future investigation involving clinical studies will be needed to confirm these findings. These in silico systems biology-based models could be applied for exploring other unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Carcereny
- Catalan Institute of Oncology B-ARGO Group, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guillem Jorba
- Anaxomics Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Bioinformatics (GRIB-IMIM), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baldomero Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics (GRIB-IMIM), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Liu F, Li Y, Ying D, Qiu S, He Y, Li M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Hu Y, Liu L, Li G, Pan W, Jin W, Mu J, Cao Y, Liu Y. Whole-exome mutational landscape of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:55. [PMID: 33563892 PMCID: PMC7873252 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the gallbladder (GB-NEC) is a rare but extremely malignant subtype of gallbladder cancer (GBC). The genetic and molecular signatures of GB-NEC are poorly understood; thus, molecular targeting is currently unavailable. In the present study, we applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology to detect gene mutations and predicted somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 15 cases of GB-NEC and 22 cases of general GBC. In 15 GB-NECs, the C > T mutation was predominant among the 6 types of SNVs. TP53 showed the highest mutation frequency (73%, 11/15). Compared with neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs, significantly mutated genes (SMGs) in GB-NECs were more similar to those in pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs), with driver roles for TP53 and RB1. In the COSMIC database of cancer-related genes, 211 genes were mutated. Strikingly, RB1 (4/15, 27%) and NAB2 (3/15, 20%) mutations were found specifically in GB-NECs; in contrast, mutations in 29 genes, including ERBB2 and ERBB3, were identified exclusively in GBC. Mutations in RB1 and NAB2 were significantly related to downregulation of the RB1 and NAB2 proteins, respectively, according to immunohistochemical (IHC) data (p values = 0.0453 and 0.0303). Clinically actionable genes indicated 23 mutated genes, including ALK, BRCA1, and BRCA2. In addition, potential somatic SNVs predicted by ISOWN and SomVarIUS constituted 6 primary COSMIC mutation signatures (1, 3, 30, 6, 7, and 13) in GB-NEC. Genes carrying somatic SNVs were enriched mainly in oncogenic signaling pathways involving the Notch, WNT, Hippo, and RTK-RAS pathways. In summary, we have systematically identified the mutation landscape of GB-NEC, and these findings may provide mechanistic insights into the specific pathogenesis of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjian Ying
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China
| | - Shimei Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, Ganzhou hospital affiliated to Nanchang university, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Maolan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Information and Big Data Center, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Information and Big Data Center, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiasheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Information and Big Data Center, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Crizotinib Resistance Mediated by Autophagy Is Higher in the Stem-Like Cell Subset in ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, and This Effect Is MYC-Dependent. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020181. [PMID: 33430343 PMCID: PMC7825760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously it was shown that autophagy contributes to crizotinib resistance in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK + ALCL). We asked if autophagy is equally important in two distinct subsets of ALK + ALCL, namely Reporter Unresponsive (RU) and Reporter Responsive (RR), of which RR cells display stem-like properties. Autophagic flux was assessed with a fluorescence tagged LC3 reporter and immunoblots to detect endogenous LC3 alongside chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. The stem-like RR cells displayed significantly higher autophagic response upon crizotinib treatment. Their exaggerated autophagic response is cytoprotective against crizotinib, as inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine or shRNA against BECN1 or ATG7 led to a decrease in their viability. In contrast, autophagy inhibition in RU resulted in minimal changes. Since the differential protein expression of MYC is a regulator of the RU/RR dichotomy and is higher in RR cells, we asked if MYC regulates the autophagy-mediated cytoprotective effect. Inhibition of MYC in RR cells using shRNA significantly blunted crizotinib-induced autophagic response and effectively suppressed this cytoprotective effect. In conclusion, stem-like RR cells respond with rapid and intense autophagic flux which manifests with crizotinib resistance. For the first time, we have highlighted the direct role of MYC in regulating autophagy and its associated chemoresistance phenotype in ALK + ALCL stem-like cells.
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21
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Meng Z, Li T, Wang P, Lizaso A, Huang D. The efficacy of lorlatinib in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with a novel ALK G1202L mutation: a case report. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:1-4. [PMID: 33380260 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1836947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired mutations in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene have been implicated as the major resistance mechanism to ALK inhibitors; however, information on the treatment options after acquiring novel ALK secondary mutations is limited. Herein, we report the efficacy of lorlatinib upon the detection of a novel ALK G1202L after progression on brigatinib. Our patient was a 30-year-old man with ALK-rearranged advanced lung adenocarcinoma. He had a partial clinical response to crizotinib lasting 11 months. Brigatinib was then administered for 12.8 months with stable disease as the best response. Sequencing at progression revealed the retention of EML4-ALK fusion and the emergence of a novel ALK G1202L mutation. With no standard treatment available, lorlatinib was administered, which achieved disease control for 9 months. Our report reveals the efficacy of lorlatinib in targeting ALK G1202L and can serve as an option for the clinical management of patients with ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma after acquiring G1202L-mediated resistance from prior ALK inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the sequential use of crizotinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib in a patient with advanced ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma with an overall progression-free survival of 33.3 months for the sequential ALK inhibitor regimens. His overall survival was 41.5 months inclusive of all regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoting Meng
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer , Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer , Tianjin, China
| | | | - Dingzhi Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer , Tianjin, China
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22
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Zhong Y, Lin F, Xu F, Schubert J, Wu J, Wainwright L, Zhao X, Cao K, Fan Z, Chen J, Lang SS, Kennedy BC, Viaene AN, Santi M, Resnick AC, Storm PB, Li MM. Genomic characterization of a PPP1CB-ALK fusion with fusion gene amplification in a congenital glioblastoma. Cancer Genet 2020; 252-253:37-42. [PMID: 33341678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) fusion proteins are oncogenic and have been seen in various tumors. PPP1CB-ALK fusions are rare but have been reported in a few patients with low- or high-grade gliomas. However, little is known regarding the mechanism of fusion formation and genomic break points of this fusion. We performed genomic characterization of a PPP1CB-ALK fusion with fusion gene amplification in a congenital glioblastoma. The PPP1CB-ALK consists of exons 1-5 of PPP1CB and exons 20-29 of ALK. The genomic translocation breakpoints were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Sanger sequencing of genomic DNA. Next generation sequencing, RT-qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated PPP1CB-ALK amplification. Copy number analyses of genes between PPP1CB and ALK using RT-qPCR suggest that the PPP1CB-ALK is likely the result of local chromothripsis followed by episomal amplification. Transcriptome sequencing demonstrated high-level SOX2 expression and predicted WNT/β-catenin pathway activation, suggesting possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fumin Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeff Schubert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luanne Wainwright
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kajia Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zhiqian Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shih-Shan Lang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin C Kennedy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Angela N Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marilyn M Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Furuta H, Araki M, Masago K, Sagae Y, Fujita S, Seto K, Shimizu J, Horio Y, Sasaki E, Hosoda W, Katayama R, Okuno Y, Hida T. Novel Resistance Mechanisms Including L1196Q, P1094H, and R1248_D1249 Insertion in Three Patients With NSCLC After ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 16:477-482. [PMID: 33166721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study are to clarify the details of the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance mechanism in rebiopsy cases and to predict novel resistance gene alterations using molecular dynamics simulation. METHODS A total of 21 patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who underwent a rebiopsy after ALK TKI failure were included in this analysis. ALK fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed with paired initial and rebiopsy tumor specimens. RESULTS Nine patients had no known ALK resistance mechanisms. Four had ALK amplification. L1196M, I1171N, and G1269A, mutations that are known to indicate resistance to ALK TKIs, were detected in one patient each. Small cell carcinoma and sarcomatoid transition were found in one case each. L1196Q, P1094H, and exon 24 76-base pair insertion were detected after the second-generation ALK TKIs. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a genetic analysis and a computational simulation model may make a prediction of resistance mechanisms for overcoming ALK TKI resistance, and the construction of a genomic and simulation fused database is important for the development of personalized medicine in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Furuta
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Araki
- Department of Biomedical Data Intelligence, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Masago
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yukari Sagae
- Department of Biomedical Data Intelligence, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujita
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Seto
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junichi Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Horio
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Department of Biomedical Data Intelligence, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Hida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Wang Y, Yuan X, Xiong J, Hao Z, Peng X, Chen W, Cui L, Li H, Wang X, He X, Yang M, Liang C, Ma Y, Ding L, Mao L. [Pharmacology and Clinical Evaluation of Ensartinib Hydrochloride Capsule]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:719-729. [PMID: 32838492 PMCID: PMC7467989 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
肺癌是全世界发病率和致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)约占肺癌的85%。间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK)重排阳性的NSCLC仅占全部NSCLC的5%,但预后较差,因此积极的治疗非常迫切。盐酸恩沙替尼胶囊(ensartinib hydrochloride capsule,X-396,商品名贝美纳TM)是第二代ALK抑制剂,对ALK的抑制活性和肺癌中枢神经系统转移的有效性较克唑替尼更强,并且可抑制多个克唑替尼耐药突变位点,临床拟用于治疗克唑替尼耐药的ALK阳性NSCLC。文中对盐酸恩沙替尼胶囊在国内外开展的Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期临床试验进行了总结,并对其药理作用、药代动力学和药效学、临床疗效和安全性评价进行了综述。
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Xiaobin Yuan
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Jiayan Xiong
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Zhidong Hao
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Xingzhe Peng
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Wanlin Chen
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Lingling Cui
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Hua Li
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Xiulan Wang
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Xiangbo He
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Min Yang
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Congxin Liang
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Lieming Ding
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Li Mao
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China
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25
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Making NSCLC Crystal Clear: How Kinase Structures Revolutionized Lung Cancer Treatment. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The parallel advances of different scientific fields provide a contemporary scenario where collaboration is not a differential, but actually a requirement. In this context, crystallography has had a major contribution on the medical sciences, providing a “face” for targets of diseases that previously were known solely by name or sequence. Worldwide, cancer still leads the number of annual deaths, with 9.6 million associated deaths, with a major contribution from lung cancer and its 1.7 million deaths. Since the relationship between cancer and kinases was unraveled, these proteins have been extensively explored and became associated with drugs that later attained blockbuster status. Crystallographic structures of kinases related to lung cancer and their developed and marketed drugs provided insight on their conformation in the absence or presence of small molecules. Notwithstanding, these structures were also of service once the initially highly successful drugs started to lose their effectiveness in the emergence of mutations. This review focuses on a subclassification of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and major oncogenic driver mutations in kinases, and how crystallographic structures can be used, not only to provide awareness of the function and inhibition of these mutations, but also how these structures can be used in further computational studies aiming at addressing these novel mutations in the field of personalized medicine.
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26
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Ancel J, Dewolf M, Deslée G, Nawrocky-Raby B, Dalstein V, Gilles C, Polette M. Clinical Impact of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer as a Biomarker Assisting in Therapeutic Decisions. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 211:91-109. [PMID: 32750701 DOI: 10.1159/000510103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common solid cancers and represents the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Over the last decade, research on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer has gained increasing attention. Here, we review clinical and histological features of non-small-cell lung cancer associated with EMT. We then aimed to establish potential clinical implications of EMT in current therapeutic options, including surgery, radiation, targeted therapy against oncogenic drivers, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ancel
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Dewolf
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Béatrice Nawrocky-Raby
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Pathologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Christine Gilles
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,
| | - Myriam Polette
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Pathologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
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27
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Minari R, Gnetti L, Lagrasta CA, Squadrilli A, Bordi P, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Cosenza A, Ferri L, Caruso G, Silini EM, Tiseo M. Emergence of a HER2-amplified clone during disease progression in an ALK-rearranged NSCLC patient treated with ALK-inhibitors: a case report. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:787-792. [PMID: 32676339 PMCID: PMC7354139 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2020.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) are the standard treatment for advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) allowing survivals up to 5 years. However, duration of responses is limited by the almost certain occurrence of drug resistance. Here, we report a case of a never smoker, 59-year-old female with metastatic ALK-positive adenocarcinoma, solid and signet ring patterns, who developed resistance to alectinib, a second-generation ALK-TKI, mediated by HER2 gene amplification. The patient received 22 months of crizotinib as first-line and subsequently 1-year of alectinib therapy. A study of resistance mechanism was performed with next generation sequencing (NGS) on tissue re-biopsy. A HER2-amplified emerging clone was identified by NGS in a liver metastasis and confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. The resistant clone was detectable 2 months before disease progression in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) copy number variation (CNV) assay and it was retrospectively traced in rare cells of the lung primary by FISH. To our best knowledge, this is first evidence of HER2 gene amplification as a resistance mechanism to ALK-TKI in a NSCLC. Future strategies against oncogene-addicted NSCLC might benefit of combined drug treatments, such as ALK and HER2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Minari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Gnetti
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Costanza Annamaria Lagrasta
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Squadrilli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Bordi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Azzoni
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorena Bottarelli
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Agnese Cosenza
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonarda Ferri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Silini
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Stockhammer P, Ho CSL, Hegedus L, Lotz G, Molnár E, Bankfalvi A, Herold T, Kalbourtzis S, Ploenes T, Eberhardt WEE, Schuler M, Aigner C, Schramm A, Hegedus B. HDAC inhibition synergizes with ALK inhibitors to overcome resistance in a novel ALK mutated lung adenocarcinoma model. Lung Cancer 2020; 144:20-29. [PMID: 32353632 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Somatic chromosomal rearrangements resulting in ALK fusion oncogenes are observed in 3-7 % of lung adenocarcinomas. ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALKi) induce initially response, however, various resistance mechanisms limit their efficacy. Novel therapeutic approaches are of utmost importance to tailor these targeted therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A synchronous ALK-rearranged and mutated lung cancer cell line pair was established from malignant pleural effusion (PF240-PE) and carcinosis (PF240-PC) at time of ALKi resistance. Immunohistochemistry, FISH and sequencing were performed in pre- and post-treatment tumors and in both cell lines. Differentiation markers were measured by immunoblot. Viability was tested following treatment with ALKi and/or a pan-HDAC inhibitor. Additionally, a novel treatment-naïve ALK-rearranged cell line served as control. In vivo tumorigenicity was evaluated in subcutaneous xenografts. RESULTS Two distinct resistance mutations were identified in different carcinosis tissues at time of resistance, the previously described resistance mutation L1152R and the hitherto uncharacterized E1161K. Strikingly, PF240-PC cells carried E1161K and PF240-PE cells harbored L1152R. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot identified epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers upregulated following ALKi resistance development both in carcinosis tissues and cell lines. While both lines grew as xenografts, they differed in morphology, migration, in vivo growth and sensitivity to ALKi in vitro. Strikingly, the combination of ALKi with SAHA yielded strong synergism. CONCLUSION Using a patient-derived ALKi resistant lung cancer model we demonstrated the synergism of HDAC and ALK inhibition. Furthermore, our findings provide strong evidence for intratumoral heterogeneity under targeted therapy and highlight the importance of site-specific mutational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stockhammer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cassandra Su Lyn Ho
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Luca Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabor Lotz
- 2(nd)Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Molnár
- 2(nd)Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stavros Kalbourtzis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Till Ploenes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wilfried E E Eberhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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29
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Liu YM, Kuo CN, Liou JP. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors: an updated patent review (2014-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:351-373. [PMID: 32125908 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1738389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been discovered in several cancers, including anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. The deregulation of ALK activities, such as translocation and point mutation, results in human carcinogenesis. The use of ALK inhibitors in clinical cancer treatment has been shown to be efficacious, and the issue of resistance to ALK inhibitors has been reported. Consequently, the development of a new generation of ALK inhibitors is necessary.Areas covered: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the patent literature from 2014 to 2018 including small molecule ALK inhibitors and their use as anticancer agents. The approved and developing ALK inhibitors are described.Expert commentary: The available three generations of ALK inhibitors have shown a good anticancer effect in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. An urgent issue in this field is ALK resistance development. The development of new ALK inhibitors through structure modification of currently available ALK inhibitors is proceeding, such as the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds. This article arranges the ALK inhibitors that have published in the patent in recent years. It may help in the investigation of a new generation of ALK inhibitors, which can overcome the resistance issue and development of novel drug candidates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Liu
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chun-Nan Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Sato H, Schoenfeld AJ, Siau E, Lu YC, Tai H, Suzawa K, Kubota D, Lui AJW, Qeriqi B, Mattar M, Offin M, Sakaguchi M, Toyooka S, Drilon A, Rosen NX, Kris MG, Solit D, De Stanchina E, Davare MA, Riely GJ, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. MAPK Pathway Alterations Correlate with Poor Survival and Drive Resistance to Therapy in Patients with Lung Cancers Driven by ROS1 Fusions. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2932-2945. [PMID: 32122926 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) provide significant benefit in lung adenocarcinoma patients with ROS1 fusions. However, as observed with all targeted therapies, resistance arises. Detecting mechanisms of acquired resistance (AR) is crucial to finding novel therapies and improve patient outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ROS1 fusions were expressed in HBEC and NIH-3T3 cells either by cDNA overexpression (CD74/ROS1, SLC34A2/ROS1) or CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genomic engineering (EZR/ROS1). We reviewed targeted large-panel sequencing data (using the MSK-IMPACT assay) patients treated with ROS1 TKIs, and genetic alterations hypothesized to confer AR were modeled in these cell lines. RESULTS Eight of the 75 patients with a ROS1 fusion had a concurrent MAPK pathway alteration and this correlated with shorter overall survival. In addition, the induction of ROS1 fusions stimulated activation of MEK/ERK signaling with minimal effects on AKT signaling, suggesting the importance of the MAPK pathway in driving ROS1 fusion-positive cancers. Of 8 patients, 2 patients harbored novel in-frame deletions in MEK1 (MEK1delE41_L54) and MEKK1 (MEKK1delH907_C916) that were acquired after ROS1 TKIs, and 2 patients harbored NF1 loss-of-function mutations. Expression of MEK1del or MEKK1del, and knockdown of NF1 in ROS1 fusion-positive cells activated MEK/ERK signaling and conferred resistance to ROS1 TKIs. Combined targeting of ROS1 and MEK inhibited growth of cells expressing both ROS1 fusion and MEK1del. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that downstream activation of the MAPK pathway can mediate of innate acquired resistance to ROS1 TKIs and that patients harboring ROS1 fusion and concurrent downstream MAPK pathway alterations have worse survival. Our findings suggest a treatment strategy to target both aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adam J Schoenfeld
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Evan Siau
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yue Christine Lu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Huichun Tai
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daisuke Kubota
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Allan J W Lui
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Besnik Qeriqi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marissa Mattar
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael Offin
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Neal X Rosen
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark G Kris
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David Solit
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa De Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Monika A Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Gregory J Riely
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Arai S, Takeuchi S, Fukuda K, Taniguchi H, Nishiyama A, Tanimoto A, Satouchi M, Yamashita K, Ohtsubo K, Nanjo S, Kumagai T, Katayama R, Nishio M, Zheng MM, Wu YL, Nishihara H, Yamamoto T, Nakada M, Yano S. Osimertinib Overcomes Alectinib Resistance Caused by Amphiregulin in a Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Model of ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:752-765. [PMID: 31972351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) occurs frequently in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged NSCLC and develops acquired resistance to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK TKIs). This study aimed to clarify the resistance mechanism to alectinib, a second-generation ALK TKI, in LMC and test a novel therapeutic strategy. METHODS We induced alectinib resistance in an LMC mouse model with ALK-rearranged NSCLC cell line, A925LPE3, by continuous oral alectinib treatment, established A925L/AR cells. Resistance mechanisms were analyzed using several assays, including Western blot and receptor tyrosine kinase array. We also measured amphiregulin (AREG) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC with alectinib-refractory LMC by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A925L/AR cells were moderately resistant to various ALK TKIs, such as alectinib, crizotinib, ceritinib, and lorlatinib, compared with parental cells in vitro. A925L/AR cells acquired the resistance by EGFR activation resulting from AREG overexpression caused by decreased expression of microRNA-449a. EGFR TKIs and anti-EGFR antibody resensitized A925L/AR cells to alectinib in vitro. In the LMC model with A925L/AR cells, combined treatment with alectinib and EGFR TKIs, such as erlotinib and osimertinib, successfully controlled progression of LMC. Mass spectrometry imaging showed accumulation of the EGFR TKIs in the tumor lesions. Moreover, notably higher AREG levels were detected in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with alectinib-resistant ALK-rearranged NSCLC with LMC (n = 4), compared with patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC with EGFR TKI-resistant LMC (n = 30), or patients without LMC (n = 24). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the potential of novel therapies targeting both ALK and EGFR for the treatment of ALK TKI-resistant LMC in ALK-rearranged NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan; Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koji Fukuda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan; Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishiyama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Azusa Tanimoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miyako Satouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Kaname Yamashita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koshiro Ohtsubo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Medical Oncology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mei-Mei Zheng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takushi Yamamoto
- Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Global Application Development Center, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan; Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Scorilas A, Gonçalves AC, Efferth T, Trougakos IP. The emergence of drug resistance to targeted cancer therapies: Clinical evidence. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 47:100646. [PMID: 31733611 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For many decades classical anti-tumor therapies included chemotherapy, radiation and surgery; however, in the last two decades, following the identification of the genomic drivers and main hallmarks of cancer, the introduction of therapies that target specific tumor-promoting oncogenic or non-oncogenic pathways, has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. Despite the significant progress in cancer therapy, clinical oncologists are often facing the primary impediment of anticancer drug resistance, as many cancer patients display either intrinsic chemoresistance from the very beginning of the therapy or after initial responses and upon repeated drug treatment cycles, acquired drug resistance develops and thus relapse emerges, resulting in increased mortality. Our attempts to understand the molecular basis underlying these drug resistance phenotypes in pre-clinical models and patient specimens revealed the extreme plasticity and adaptive pathways employed by tumor cells, being under sustained stress and extensive genomic/proteomic instability due to the applied therapeutic regimens. Subsequent efforts have yielded more effective inhibitors and combinatorial approaches (e.g. the use of specific pharmacologic inhibitors with immunotherapy) that exhibit synergistic effects against tumor cells, hence enhancing therapeutic indices. Furthermore, new advanced methodologies that allow for the early detection of genetic/epigenetic alterations that lead to drug chemoresistance and prospective validation of biomarkers which identify patients that will benefit from certain drug classes, have started to improve the clinical outcome. This review discusses emerging principles of drug resistance to cancer therapies targeting a wide array of oncogenic kinases, along with hedgehog pathway and the proteasome and apoptotic inducers, as well as epigenetic and metabolic modulators. We further discuss mechanisms of resistance to monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors, potential biomarkers of drug response/drug resistance, along with possible new therapeutic avenues for the clinicians to combat devastating drug resistant malignancies. It is foreseen that these topics will be major areas of focused multidisciplinary translational research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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Molecular Modeling of ALK L1198F and/or G1202R Mutations to Determine Differential Crizotinib Sensitivity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11390. [PMID: 31388026 PMCID: PMC6684801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been recognized as a therapeutic target for EML4-ALK fusion-positive nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment using type I kinase inhibitors such as crizotinib to take over the ATP binding site. According to Shaw’s measurements, ALK carrying G1202R mutation shows reduced response to crizotinib (IC50 = 382 nM vs. IC50 = 20 nM for wild-type), whereas L1198F mutant is more responsive (IC50 = 0.4 nM). Interestingly, the double mutant L1198F/G1202R maintains a similar response (IC50 = 31 nM) to the wild-type. Herein we conducted molecular modeling simulations to elucidate the varied crizotinib sensitivities in three mutants carrying L1198F and/or G1202R. Both L1198 and G1202 are near the ATP pocket. Mutation G1202R causes steric hindrance that blocks crizotinib accessibility, which greatly reduces efficacy, whereas mutation L1198F enlarges the binding pocket entrance and hydrophobically interacts with crizotinib to enhance sensitivity. With respect to the double mutant L1198F/G1202R, F1198 indirectly pulls R1202 away from the binding entrance and consequently alleviates the steric obstacle introduced by R1202. These results demonstrated how the mutated residues tune the crizotinib response and may assist kinase inhibitor development especially for ALK G1202R, analogous to the ROS1 G2302R and MET G1163R mutations that are also resistant to crizotinib treatment in NSCLC.
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Tang H, Han X, Li M, Li T, Hao Y. Linc00221 modulates cisplatin resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer via sponging miR-519a. Biochimie 2019; 162:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sakakibara-Konishi J, Kitai H, Ikezawa Y, Hatanaka Y, Sasaki T, Yoshida R, Chiba S, Matsumoto S, Goto K, Mizugaki H, Shinagawa N. Response to Crizotinib Re-administration After Progression on Lorlatinib in a Patient With ALK-rearranged Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 20:e555-e559. [PMID: 31307938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidenori Kitai
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ikezawa
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oji General Hospital, Tomakomai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Research Division of Genome Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sasaki
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yoshida
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Chiba
- Center for Advanced Research and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Mizugaki
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naofumi Shinagawa
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Iikubo K, Kurosawa K, Matsuya T, Kondoh Y, Kamikawa A, Moritomo A, Iwai Y, Tomiyama H, Shimada I. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of pyrazine-2-carboxamide derivatives as novel echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1683-1692. [PMID: 30878193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a valid therapeutic target for the treatment of EML4-ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We discovered 12c as a novel and potent EML4-ALK inhibitor through structural optimization of 5a. In mice xenografted with 3T3 cells expressing EML4-ALK, oral administration of 12c demonstrated potent antitumor activity. This article describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazine-2-carboxamide derivatives along with studies of their structure-activity relationship (SAR) using computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Iikubo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kurosawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuya
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondoh
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Akio Kamikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Ayako Moritomo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwai
- Research Laboratories, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 198 Kamigomyou Sakaki-Machi, Hanishina-Gun, Nagano 389-0697, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomiyama
- Research Laboratories, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 198 Kamigomyou Sakaki-Machi, Hanishina-Gun, Nagano 389-0697, Japan
| | - Itsuro Shimada
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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Zhu G, Gui Z. Effect of silkworm peptide on inducting M1 type polarization and Th1 activation via TLR2-induced MyD88-dependent pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1251-1260. [PMID: 31024698 PMCID: PMC6475741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore immune activity and molecular mechanism of silkworm peptide. The cell subsets induced by silkworm peptides were detected by flow cytometry. The IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in CD4+ cells were measured by ELISA. TLR2 mRNA expression in mouse CD4+ T cells was detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of MyD88 and p-IκB. The growth rate of Lewis lung cancer xenografts in mice of the medium-dose group was significantly reduced, and the tumor volume was significantly smaller than that of the control group on the 14th day. The relative vitality values of spleen lymphocytes in the medium-dose and high-dose groups were higher than the control group. The IFN-γ levels in the medium-dose and high-dose groups were significantly higher than the control group. The levels of IL-4 were no significant change among different groups. Compared with the control group, different doses of silkworm peptide groups could increase the levels of NO, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β. Compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of MyD88 and p-IκB in 10 μg/ml group and 20 μg/ml groups were significantly increased compared with the control group. Silkworm peptide could induce Th1 activation and M1 type polarization, which was dose-dependent and was relative to the effect of silkworm peptide on inhibiting tumor growth. Silkworm peptide could directly induce M1 type polarization and Th1 activation via TLR2-induced MyD88-dependent pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglai Zhu
- School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
- Department of Aquatic Science and TechnologyJiangsu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary CollegeTaizhouChina
| | - Zhongzheng Gui
- School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
- Sericultural Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhenjiangChina
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Lightfoot HL, Goldberg FW, Sedelmeier J. Evolution of Small Molecule Kinase Drugs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:153-160. [PMID: 30783496 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of small molecule kinase drugs is a rapidly evolving field and represents one of the most important research areas within oncology. This innovation letter provides an overview and analysis of approved kinase drugs according to their WHO registration (INN) dates, primary biological targets, and selectivity and structural similarities, which are also depicted in an associated poster. It also discusses new trends in kinase drug discovery programs such as new kinase targets, novel mechanisms of action, and diverse indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Lightfoot
- IMED Biotech Unit,Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Frederick W. Goldberg
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
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Mayo de Las Casas C, Garzón-Ibañez M, Jordana-Ariza N, Viteri-Ramírez S, Moya-Horno I, Karachaliou N, Yeste Z, Campos R, Villatoro S, Balada-Bel A, García-Peláez B, Reguart N, Teixidó C, Jantús E, Calabuig S, Aguado C, Giménez-Capitán A, Román-Lladó R, Pérez-Rosado A, Catalán MJ, Bertrán-Alamillo J, García-Román S, Rodriguez S, Alonso L, Aldeguer E, Martínez-Bueno A, González-Cao M, Aguilar Hernandez A, Garcia-Mosquera J, de Los Llanos Gil M, Fernandez M, Rosell R, Molina-Vila MÁ. Prospective analysis of liquid biopsies of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients after progression to targeted therapies using GeneReader NGS platform. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:S3-S15. [PMID: 35117060 PMCID: PMC8797948 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2018.10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background In a significant percentage of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, tumor tissue is unavailable or insufficient for genetic analyses at time to progression. We prospectively analyzed the appearance of genetic alterations associated with resistance in liquid biopsies of advanced NSCLC patients progressing to targeted therapies using the NGS platform. Methods A total of 24 NSCLC patients were included in the study, 22 progressing to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and two to other treatments. Liquid biopsies samples were obtained and analyzed using the GeneReadTM QIAact Lung DNA UMI Panel, designed to enrich specific target regions and containing 550 variant positions in 19 selected genes frequently altered in lung cancer tumors. Previously, a retrospective validation of the panel was performed in clinical samples. Results Of the 21 patients progressing to tyrosine kinase inhibitors with valid results in liquid biopsy, NGS analysis identified a potential mechanism of resistance in 12 (57%). The most common were acquired mutations in ALK and EGFR, which appeared in 8/21 patients (38%), followed by amplifications in 5/21 patients (24%), and KRAS mutations in one patient (5%). Loss of the p.T790M was also identified in two patients progressing to osimertinib. Three of the 21 (14%) patients presented two or more concomitant alterations associated with resistance. Finally, an EGFR amplification was found in the only patient progressing to immunotherapy included in the study. Conclusions NGS analysis in liquid biopsies of patients progressing to targeted therapies using the GeneReader platform is feasible and can help the oncologist to make treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mayo de Las Casas
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Garzón-Ibañez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Jordana-Ariza
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Irene Moya-Horno
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), QuironSalud group, General Hospital of Catalonia, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), QuironSalud group, University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaira Yeste
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Campos
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Villatoro
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Balada-Bel
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Peláez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Teixidó
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantús
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBEROnc), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBEROnc), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Aguado
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Giménez-Capitán
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Román-Lladó
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Rosado
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Catalán
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bertrán-Alamillo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia García-Román
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Alonso
- Cellex Centre, Vall d'Hebrón, Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika Aldeguer
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria González-Cao
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Garcia-Mosquera
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Fernandez
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), QuironSalud group, University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Dr Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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Liang C, Zhang N, Tan Q, Liu S, Luo R, Wang Y, Shi Y, Han X. CT-707 Overcomes Resistance of Crizotinib through Activating PDPK1- AKT1 Pathway by Targeting FAK. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:655-665. [PMID: 30381078 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181031152140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crizotinib established the position of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKI) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while the therapy- resistance hindered those patients from benefitting continuously from the treatment. CT-707 is an inhibitor of ALK/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and IGFR-1. H2228CR (crizotinib resistance, CR) and H3122CR NSCLC cell lines were generated from the parental cell line H2228 (EML4-ALK, E6a/b:A20, variant 3) and H3122(EML4-ALK, E13:A20, variant 1), respectively. METHODS We investigated the antitumor effects CT-707 exerted against H3122CR in vitro /vivo. RESULTS Importantly, our study provided evidence that CT-707 overcomes resistance to crizotinib through activating PDPK1-AKT1 pathway by targeting FAK. Meanwhile, by using an in-vivo H3122CR xenograft model, we found CT-707 inhibited tumor growth significantly without obvious side effects. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that CT-707 may be a promising therapeutic agent against crizotinib- resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qiaoyun Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Rongrong Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
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Takigawa N. How Should We Treat Alectinib-Refractory ALK-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer? J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:1438-1440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Targeted Therapy. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-018-0204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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43
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Baglivo S, Ricciuti B, Ludovini V, Metro G, Siggillino A, De Giglio A, Chiari R. Dramatic Response to Lorlatinib in a Heavily Pretreated Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient Harboring G1202R Mutation and a Synchronous Novel R1192P ALK Point Mutation. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:e145-e147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jiang CH, Huang CX, Chen YJ, Chuang YC, Huang BY, Yang CN. Molecular Modeling for Structural Insights Concerning the Activation Mechanisms of F1174L and R1275Q Mutations on Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071610. [PMID: 30004444 PMCID: PMC6100628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various cancers. In its basal state, the structure of ALK is in an autoinhibitory form stabilized by its A-loop, which runs from the N-lobe to the C-lobe of the kinase. Specifically, the A-loop adopts an inhibitory pose with its proximal A-loop helix (αAL-helix) to anchor the αC-helix orientation in an inactive form in the N-lobe; the distal portion of the A-loop is packed against the C-lobe to block the peptide substrate from binding. Upon phosphorylation of the first A-loop tyrosine (Y1278), the αAL-helix unfolds; the distal A-loop detaches from the C-lobe and reveals the P+1 pocket that accommodates the residues immediately after their phosphorylation, and ALK is activated accordingly. Recently, two neuroblastoma mutants, F1174L and R1275Q, have been determined to cause ALK activation without phosphorylation on Y1278. Notably, F1174 is located on the C-terminus of the αC-helix and away from the A-loop, whereas R1275 sits on the αAL-helix. In this molecular modeling study, we investigated the structural impacts of F1174L and R1275Q that lead to the gain-of-function event. Wild-type ALK and ALK with phosphorylated Y1278 were also modeled for comparison. Our modeling suggests that the replacement of F1174 with a smaller residue, namely leucine, moves the αC-helix and αAL-helix into closer contact and further distorts the distal portion of the A-loop. In wild-type ALK, R1275 assumes the dual role of maintaining the αAL-helix–αC-helix interaction in an inactive form and securing αAL-helix conformation through the D1276–R1275 interaction. Accordingly, mutating R1275 to a glutamine reorients the αC-helix to an active form and deforms the entire A-loop. In both F1174L and R1275Q mutants, the A-loop rearranges itself to expose the P+1 pocket, and kinase activity resumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Jiang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Chong-Xian Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Jyun Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chung Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Yen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ning Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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Katayama R. Drug resistance in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:572-580. [PMID: 29336091 PMCID: PMC5834792 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, and many kinds of ALK fusion genes have been found in a variety of carcinomas. There is almost no detectable expression of ALK in adults. However, through ALK gene rearrangement, the resultant ALK fusion protein is aberrantly overexpressed and dimerized through the oligomerization domains, such as the coiled‐coil domain, in the fusion partner that induces abnormal constitutive activation of ALK tyrosine kinase. This results in dysregulated cell proliferation. ALK gene rearrangement has been observed in 3%‐5% of non‐small‐cell lung cancers, and multiple ALK inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of ALK‐positive lung cancer. Among those inhibitors, in Japan, 3 (4 in the USA) ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved and are currently used in clinics. All of the currently approved ALK‐TKIs have been shown to induce marked tumor regression in ALK‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer; however, tumors inevitably relapse because of acquired resistance within a few years. This review focuses on ALK‐TKIs, their resistance mechanisms, and the potential therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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