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Tong X, Qu N, Kong X, Ni S, Zhou J, Wang K, Zhang L, Wen Y, Shi J, Zhang S, Li X, Zheng M. Deep representation learning of chemical-induced transcriptional profile for phenotype-based drug discovery. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5378. [PMID: 38918369 PMCID: PMC11199551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence transforms drug discovery, with phenotype-based approaches emerging as a promising alternative to target-based methods, overcoming limitations like lack of well-defined targets. While chemical-induced transcriptional profiles offer a comprehensive view of drug mechanisms, inherent noise often obscures the true signal, hindering their potential for meaningful insights. Here, we highlight the development of TranSiGen, a deep generative model employing self-supervised representation learning. TranSiGen analyzes basal cell gene expression and molecular structures to reconstruct chemical-induced transcriptional profiles with high accuracy. By capturing both cellular and compound information, TranSiGen-derived representations demonstrate efficacy in diverse downstream tasks like ligand-based virtual screening, drug response prediction, and phenotype-based drug repurposing. Notably, in vitro validation of TranSiGen's application in pancreatic cancer drug discovery highlights its potential for identifying effective compounds. We envisage that integrating TranSiGen into the drug discovery and mechanism research holds significant promise for advancing biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Tong
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ning Qu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangtai Kong
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengkun Ni
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lehan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiming Wen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jiangshan Shi
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xutong Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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Takaya K, Asou T, Kishi K. Identification of resibufogenin, a component of toad venom, as a novel senolytic compound in vitro and for potential skin rejuvenation in male mice. Biogerontology 2023; 24:889-900. [PMID: 37395866 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells that accumulate with age have been shown to contribute to age-related diseases and organ dysfunction and have attracted attention as a target for anti-aging therapy. In particular, the use of senescent cell-depleting agents, or senolytics, has been shown to improve the aging phenotype in animal models. Since senescence has been implicated in the skin, particularly in fibroblasts, this study used aged human skin fibroblasts to investigate the effects of resibufogenin. A component of the traditional Chinese medicine toad venom, resibufogenin was investigated for senolytic and/or senomorphic activity. We found that the compound selectively caused senescent cell death without affecting proliferating cells, with a marked effect on the suppression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. We also found that resibufogenin causes senescent cell death by inducing a caspase-3-mediated apoptotic program. Administration of resibufogenin to aging mice resulted in an increase in dermal collagen density and subcutaneous fat, improving the phenotype of aging skin. In other words, resibufogenin ameliorates skin aging through selective induction of senescent cell apoptosis without affecting non-aged cells. This traditional compound may have potential therapeutic benefits in skin aging characterized by senescent cell accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Takaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Toru Asou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Chemistry and the Potential Antiviral, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cardiotonic Steroids Derived from Toads. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196586. [PMID: 36235123 PMCID: PMC9571018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) were first documented by ancient Egyptians more than 3000 years ago. Cardiotonic steroids are a group of steroid hormones that circulate in the blood of amphibians and toads and can also be extracted from natural products such as plants, herbs, and marines. It is well known that cardiotonic steroids reveal effects against congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation; therefore, the term "cardiotonic" has been coined. Cardiotonic steroids are divided into two distinct groups: cardenolides (plant-derived) and bufadienolides (mainly of animal origin). Cardenolides have an unsaturated five-membered lactone ring attached to the steroid nucleus at position 17; bufadienolides have a doubly unsaturated six-membered lactone ring. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in humans all over the world. In 2040, the global cancer load is expected to be 28.4 million cases, which would be a 47% increase from 2020. Moreover, viruses and inflammations also have a very nebative impact on human health and lead to mortality. In the current review, we focus on the chemistry, antiviral and anti-cancer activities of cardiotonic steroids from the naturally derived (toads) venom to combat these chronic devastating health problems. The databases of different research engines (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sci-Finder) were screened using different combinations of the following terms: “cardiotonic steroids”, “anti-inflammatory”, “antiviral”, “anticancer”, “toad venom”, “bufadienolides”, and “poison chemical composition”. Various cardiotonic steroids were isolated from diverse toad species and exhibited superior anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities in in vivo and in vitro models such as marinobufagenin, gammabufotalin, resibufogenin, and bufalin. These steroids are especially difficult to identify. However, several compounds and their bioactivities were identified by using different molecular and biotechnological techniques. Biotechnology is a new tool to fully or partially generate upscaled quantities of natural products, which are otherwise only available at trace amounts in organisms.
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Guo Y, Liang F, Zhao F, Zhao J. Retraction Note: Resibufogenin suppresses tumor growth and Warburg effect through regulating miR-143-3p/HK2 axis in breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2687. [PMID: 36098900 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fuli Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Zhang X, Yao Z, Xue Z, Wang S, Liu X, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li X, Chen A. Resibufogenin Targets the ATP1A1 Signaling Cascade to Induce G2/M Phase Arrest and Inhibit Invasion in Glioma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855626. [PMID: 35656311 PMCID: PMC9152115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resibufogenin (RB) is a major active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu and has garnered considerable attention for its efficacy in the treatment of cancer. However, the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of RB on glioblastoma (GBM) remain unknown. Here, we found that RB induced G2/M phase arrest and inhibited invasion in a primary GBM cell line, P3#GBM, and two GBM cell lines, U251 and A172. Subsequently, we demonstrated that RB-induced G2/M phase arrest occurred through downregulation of CDC25C and upregulation of p21, which was caused by activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway, and that RB inhibited GBM invasion by elevating intercellular Ca2+ to suppress the Src/FAK/Paxillin focal adhesion pathway. Intriguingly, we confirmed that upon RB binding to ATP1A1, Na+-K+-ATPase was activated as a receptor and then triggered the intracellular MAPK/ERK pathway and Ca2+-mediated Src/FAK/Paxillin focal adhesion pathway, which led to G2/M phase arrest and inhibited the invasion of GBM cells. Taken together, our findings reveal the antitumor mechanism of RB by targeting the ATP1A1 signaling cascade and two key signaling pathways and highlight the potential of RB as a new class of promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Yaotian Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling and Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
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6
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Liu N, Chen HP, Yang ZM, Xia MY, Wang D, Zang LH, Liu DC. Enhancement of Dissolving Capacity and Reducing Gastric Mucosa Irritation by Complex Formation of Resibufogenin with β-Cyclodextrin or 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103213. [PMID: 35630687 PMCID: PMC9146005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resibufogenin (RBG) is a natural medicinal ingredient with promising cardiac protection and antitumor activity. However, poor solubility and severe gastric mucosa irritation restrict its application in the pharmaceutical field. In this study, the inclusion complex of RBG with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared using the co-evaporation method, and the molar ratio of RBG to CD was determined to be approximately 1:2 by continuous variation plot for both CDs. The formation of inclusion complexes between RBG and each CD (RBG/β-CD and RBG/HP-β-CD) was evaluated by phase solubility study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thin-layer chromatography. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed drug amorphization and encapsulation in the molecular cage for both CDs. Moreover, the inclusion complexes’ morphologies were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The dissolution rate of the inclusion complexes was markedly improved compared to that of RBG, and the complexes retained their antitumor activity, as shown in the in vitro cytotoxicity assay on a human lung adenocarcinoma cancer (A549) cell line. Moreover, less gastric mucosal irritation was observed for the inclusion complex. Thus, the inclusion complex should be considered a promising strategy for the delivery of poorly water-soluble anticancer agents, such as RBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (N.L.); (H.-P.C.); (D.W.)
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huan-Ping Chen
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (N.L.); (H.-P.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Zi-Meng Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Ming-Yu Xia
- Graduate School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (M.-Y.X.); (L.-H.Z.)
| | - Dong Wang
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (N.L.); (H.-P.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Ling-He Zang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (M.-Y.X.); (L.-H.Z.)
| | - Dong-Chun Liu
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (N.L.); (H.-P.C.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Yang T, Jiang YX, Wu Y, Lu D, Huang R, Wang LL, Wang SQ, Guan YY, Zhang H, Luan X. Resibufogenin Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Angiogenesis by Blocking VEGFR2-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682735. [PMID: 33995111 PMCID: PMC8121540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resibufogenin (RBF), an active compound from Bufo bufonis, has been used for the treatment of multiple malignant cancers, including pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. However, whether RBF could exert its antitumor effect by inhibiting angiogenesis remains unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the antiangiogenic activity of RBF and its underlying mechanism on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and the therapeutic efficacy with regard to antiangiogenesis in vivo using two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. Our results demonstrated that RBF can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Spheroid sprouts were thinner and shorter after RBF treatment in vitro 3D spheroid sprouting assay. RBF also significantly suppressed VEGF-mediated vascular network formation in vivo Matrigel plug assay. In addition, Western blot analysis was used to reveal that RBF inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream protein kinases FAK and Src in endothelial cells (ECs). Molecular docking simulations showed that RBF affected the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 by competitively binding to the ATP-bound VEGFR2 kinase domain, thus preventing ATP from providing phosphate groups. Finally, we found that RBF exhibited promising antitumor effect through antiangiogenesis in vivo without obvious toxicity. The present study first revealed the high antiangiogenic activity and the underlying molecular basis of RBF, suggesting that RBF could be a potential antiangiogenic agent for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Xin Jiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Ling Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gómez-Gil V. Therapeutic Implications of TGFβ in Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030379. [PMID: 33498521 PMCID: PMC7864190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While the importance of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in cancer development and progression has long been recognized, a successful therapy targeting this cytokine has not been developed yet. The difficulty in blocking the tumor-promoting activity of this factor while maintaining the tumor suppressor effects can compromise the expected outcomes. This systematic review summarizes and discusses the different strategies being tested to regulate TGFβ expression in cancer treatment, as well as their associated side effects. Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in a wide range of biological functions. The alterations in the expression levels of this factor, or the deregulation of its signaling cascade, can lead to different pathologies, including cancer. A great variety of therapeutic strategies targeting TGFβ, or the members included in its signaling pathway, are currently being researched in cancer treatment. However, the dual role of TGFβ, as a tumor suppressor or a tumor-promoter, together with its crosstalk with other signaling pathways, has hampered the development of safe and effective treatments aimed at halting the cancer progression. This systematic literature review aims to provide insight into the different approaches available to regulate TGFβ and/or the molecules involved in its synthesis, activation, or signaling, as a cancer treatment. The therapeutic strategies most commonly investigated include antisense oligonucleotides, which prevent TGFβ synthesis, to molecules that block the interaction between TGFβ and its signaling receptors, together with inhibitors of the TGFβ signaling cascade-effectors. The effectiveness and possible complications of the different potential therapies available are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Gómez-Gil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Area of Pharmacology), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Lin X, Song Y, Tian F, Chen X, Yin K. The role of pyroptosis in lung cancer and compounds regulated pyroptosis of lung cancer cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1596-1602. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_614_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Resibufogenin suppresses tumor growth and inhibits glycolysis in ovarian cancer by modulating PIM1. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 392:1477-1489. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yin H, Liu YG, Li F, Wang LQ, Zha JH, Xia YC, Yu BT, Wen DH. Resibufogenin suppresses growth and metastasis through inducing caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis via ROS-mediated NF-κB suppression in non-small cell lung cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:302-312. [PMID: 32396707 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the antitumor properties of resibufogenin (RB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elucidate its underlying mechanism. A549 and H520 cells were treated with various concentrations of RB with or without NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950), caspase-1 inhibitor (VX765), or N-acetyl-l-cysteine (an ROS scavenger). Cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were conducted to determine cell viability. Cell invasion was detected by using the transwell assay. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by the LDH detection assay. The protein expression levels of related genes were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by using a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ROS Assay Kit. The in vivo effects of RB were evaluated in a xenograft mouse model. RB treatment reduced cell viability and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RB also enhanced pyroptosis levels in A549 and H520 cells, as indicated by the increased release of LDH and pyroptosis-related proteins. Interestingly, we also found that the antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of RB were alleviated by the blockade of pyroptosis using NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Further study demonstrated that RB induced pyroptosis in a caspase-1-dependent manner, as evidenced by the finding that VX765 effectively reversed the effects of RB on A549 and H520 cells. We also found that RB could trigger caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis through ROS-mediated NF-κB suppression. In summary, our findings provide a potential antitumor agent and a novel insight into the mechanism of RB treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Ge Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Lun-Qing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zha
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying-Chen Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ben-Tong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Di-Hao Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dongkou People's Hospital, Shaoyang, China
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Ding L, Billadeau DD. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β: a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:417-426. [PMID: 32178549 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1743681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States with a single-digit 5-year survival rate despite advances in understanding the genetics and biology of the disease. Glycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK-3α) and GSK-3β are serine/threonine kinases that localize to the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus. Although they are highly homologous within their kinase domains and phosphorylate an overlapping set of target proteins, genetic studies have shown that GSK-3β regulates the activity of several proteins that promote neoplastic transformation. Significantly, GSK-3β is progressively overexpressed during PDAC development where it participates in tumor progression, survival and chemoresistance. Thus, GSK-3β has become an attractive target for treating PDAC.Areas covered: This review summarizes the mechanisms regulating GSK-3β activity, including upstream translational and post-translational regulation, as well as the downstream targets and their functions in PDAC cell growth, metastasis and chemoresistance.Expert opinion: The activity of GSK-3 kinases are considered cell- and context-specific. In PDAC, oncogenic KRas drives the transcriptional expression of the GSK-3β gene, which has been shown to regulate cancer cell proliferation and survival, as well as resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, the combination of GSK-3 inhibitors with chemotherapeutic drugs could be a promising strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Guo Y, Liang F, Zhao F, Zhao J. Resibufogenin suppresses tumor growth and Warburg effect through regulating miR-143-3p/HK2 axis in breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:103-115. [PMID: 32006291 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence confirmed that the Warburg effect plays an important role involved in the progression of malignant tumors. Resibufogenin (RES) has been proved to have a therapeutic effect in multiple malignant tumors. However, the mechanism of whether RES exerted an antitumor effect on breast cancer through regulating the Warburg effect is largely unknown. The effect of RES on glycolysis was determined by glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP generation, extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate in breast cancer cells. The total RNA and protein levels were respectively measured by RT-qPCR and western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined using the CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The interaction between miR-143-3p and HK2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. We also evaluated the influence of RES on the tumor growth and Warburg effect in vivo. RES treatment significantly decreased glycolysis, cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of both MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7 cells. Simultaneously, the expression of HK2 was decreased in breast cancer cells treated with RES, which was positively associated with tumor size and glycolysis. Moreover, HK2 was a direct target gene of miR-143-3p. Mechanistically, upregulation of miR-143-3p by RES treatment inhibited tumor growth by downregulating HK2-mediated Warburg effect in breast cancer. Our findings suggested that RES exerted anti-tumorigenesis and anti-glycolysis activities in breast cancer through upregulating the inhibitory effect of miR-143-3p on HK2 expression, which provided a new potential strategy for breast cancer clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fuli Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Kim DH, Bang E, Arulkumar R, Ha S, Chung KW, Park MH, Choi YJ, Yu BP, Chung HY. Senoinflammation: A major mediator underlying age-related metabolic dysregulation. Exp Gerontol 2020; 134:110891. [PMID: 32114077 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a complex and unresolved inflammatory response with low-grade multivariable patterns that aggravate systemic pathophysiological conditions and the aging process. To redefine and delineate these age-related complex inflammatory phenomena at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels, the concept of "Senoinflammation" was recently formulated. In this review, we describe the accumulated data on both the multiphase systemic inflammatory process and the cellular proinflammatory signaling pathway. We also describe the proinflammatory mechanisms underlying the metabolic molecular pathways in aging. Additionally, we review age-related lipid accumulation, the role of the inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), the involvement of cytokine/chemokine secretion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, insulin resistance, and autophagy. The last section of the review highlights the modulation of the senoinflammatory process by the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory action of calorie restriction (CR). Evidence from aging and CR research strongly suggests that SASP from senescent cells may be the major source of secreted cytokines and chemokines during aging. A better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the senoinflammatory response and the mitigating role of CR will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation and aging for potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - EunJin Bang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Radha Arulkumar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hi Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Anti-aging Effects of Calorie Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics based on the Senoinflammation Concept. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020422. [PMID: 32041168 PMCID: PMC7071238 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, a pervasive feature of the aging process, is defined by a continuous, multifarious, low-grade inflammatory response. It is a sustained and systemic phenomenon that aggravates aging and can lead to age-related chronic diseases. In recent years, our understanding of age-related chronic inflammation has advanced through a large number of investigations on aging and calorie restriction (CR). A broader view of age-related inflammation is the concept of senoinflammation, which has an outlook beyond the traditional view, as proposed in our previous work. In this review, we discuss the effects of CR on multiple phases of proinflammatory networks and inflammatory signaling pathways to elucidate the basic mechanism underlying aging. Based on studies on senoinflammation and CR, we recognized that senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which mainly comprises cytokines and chemokines, was significantly increased during aging, whereas it was suppressed during CR. Further, we recognized that cellular metabolic pathways were also dysregulated in aging; however, CR mimetics reversed these effects. These results further support and enhance our understanding of the novel concept of senoinflammation, which is related to the metabolic changes that occur in the aging process. Furthermore, a thorough elucidation of the effect of CR on senoinflammation will reveal key insights and allow possible interventions in aging mechanisms, thus contributing to the development of new therapies focused on improving health and longevity.
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Wei WL, An YL, Li ZW, Wang YY, Ji HJ, Hou JJ, Wu WY, Guo DA. Simultaneous determination of resibufogenin and its eight metabolites in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS for metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetic study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152971. [PMID: 31178234 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resibufogenin is one of the main active compounds of Venenum Bufonis and exhibits diverse pharmacological activities. It is brought into focus for its potency in heart failure and cancer therapy. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to establish a convenient and effective method which was used to simultaneously determine the resibufogenin and its metabolites in rat plasma for further understanding the metabolic profiles of resibufogenin in vivo and pharmacokinetic study by LC-MS/MS. METHODS The analytes were separated on a BEH C18 column with a mobile phase of water containing 0.05% formic acid and acetonitrile under gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. Resibufogenin and its eight metabolites were quantified in positive electrospray ionization and MRM mode with transitions of m/z 385.5→349.2 for resibufogenin; m/z 513.7→145.3 for IS (internal standard); m/z 401.23→365.21, m/z 417.23→285.21 and m/z 385.24→349.21 for three main metabolites (hydroxylated-resibufogenin; dihydroxylated-resibufogenin and 3-epi-resibufogenin, respectively). RESULTS This method was successfully validated with a good linearity over the concentration ranges of 1-200 ng/ml for resibufogenin and the correlation coefficients was more than 0.990. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/ml and the precision and accuracy values were less than 15%. The method was applied to study the metabolic profiles of resibufogenin in rat plasma after oral administration of 20 mg/kg. The results indicated that the metabolic reactions of resibufogenin were mainly hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, dehydrogenation and isomerization. Totally eleven metabolites were identified, among which eight were successfully quantified. CONCLUSION The results could provide further research foundation for the mechanisms study of activity and toxicity in vivo and facilitate the appropriate clinical application of resibufogenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ling An
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Jian Ji
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Jun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.
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Tao Q, Tianyu W, Jiangqiao Z, Zhongbao C, Xiaoxiong M, Long Z, Jilin Z. Tripartite Motif 8 Deficiency Relieves Hepatic Ischaemia/reperfusion Injury via TAK1-dependent Signalling Pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1618-1629. [PMID: 31360105 PMCID: PMC6643225 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (Trim) 8 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacting with and ubiquitinating diverse substrates, and is closely involved in innate immunity. However, the function of Trim8 in hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the role of Trim8 in hepatic I/R injury. Trim8 gene knockout mice and primary hepatocytes were used to construct hepatic I/R models. The effect of Trim8 on hepatic I/R injury was analysed via pathological and molecular analyses. The results indicated that Trim8 was significantly upregulated in liver of mice subjected to hepatic I/R injury. Trim8 knockout relieved hepatocyte injury triggered by I/R. Silencing of Trim8 expression alleviated hepatic inflammation responses and inhibited apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, our study suggests that Trim8 deficiency may elicit hepatic protective effects by inhibiting the activation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-p38/JNK signalling pathways. TAK1 was required for Trim8 function in hepatic I/R injury as TAK1 activation abolished Trim8 function in vitro. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Trim8 deficiency plays a protective role in hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting the activation of TAK1-dependent signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Tao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wang Tianyu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhou Jiangqiao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chen Zhongbao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ma Xiaoxiong
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhang Long
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zou Jilin
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Liu L, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang N, Mao G, Zeng Q, Yin M, Song D, Deng H. Resibufogenin suppresses transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1-mediated nuclear factor-κB activity through protein kinase C-dependent inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3611-3622. [PMID: 30168902 PMCID: PMC6215888 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resibufogenin (RB), one of the major active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, has received considerable attention for its potency in cancer therapy. However, the anticancer effects and the underlying mechanisms of RB on pancreatic cancer remain elusive. Here, we found that RB inhibited the viability and induces caspase‐dependent apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells Panc‐1 and Aspc. Resibufogenin‐induced apoptosis was through inhibition of constitutive nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity and its target genes’ expression, which was caused by downregulation of transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) levels and suppression of IκB kinase activity in Panc‐1 and Aspc cells. This induction of TAK1‐mediated NF‐κB inactivation by RB was associated with increased glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) phosphorylation and subsequent suppression of its activity. Moreover, RB‐induced GSK‐3 phosphorylation/inactivation acted through activation of protein kinase C but not Akt. Finally, RB suppressed human pancreatic tumor xenograft growth in athymic nude mice. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which RB suppresses TAK1‐mediated NF‐κB activity through protein kinase C‐dependent inhibition of GSK‐3. Our findings provide a rationale for the potential application of RB in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingxuan Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Yin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Danqing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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