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Xue Y, Ruan Y, Wang Y, Xiao P, Xu J. Signaling pathways in liver cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:20. [PMID: 38816668 PMCID: PMC11139849 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide with high incidence and mortality rates. Due to its subtle onset, liver cancer is commonly diagnosed at a late stage when surgical interventions are no longer feasible. This situation highlights the critical role of systemic treatments, including targeted therapies, in bettering patient outcomes. Despite numerous studies on the mechanisms underlying liver cancer, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the only widely used clinical inhibitors, represented by sorafenib, whose clinical application is greatly limited by the phenomenon of drug resistance. Here we show an in-depth discussion of the signaling pathways frequently implicated in liver cancer pathogenesis and the inhibitors targeting these pathways under investigation or already in use in the management of advanced liver cancer. We elucidate the oncogenic roles of these pathways in liver cancer especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the current state of research on inhibitors respectively. Given that TKIs represent the sole class of targeted therapeutics for liver cancer employed in clinical practice, we have particularly focused on TKIs and the mechanisms of the commonly encountered phenomena of its resistance during HCC treatment. This necessitates the imperative development of innovative targeted strategies and the urgency of overcoming the existing limitations. This review endeavors to shed light on the utilization of targeted therapy in advanced liver cancer, with a vision to improve the unsatisfactory prognostic outlook for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yeling Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Song Y, Chen B, Jiao H, Yi L. Long noncoding RNA UNC5B-AS1 suppresses cell proliferation by sponging miR-24-3p in glioblastoma multiforme. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:83. [PMID: 38594690 PMCID: PMC11003007 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary CNS tumor, characterized by high mortality and heterogeneity. However, the related lncRNA signatures and their target microRNA (miRNA) for GBM are still mostly unknown. Therefore, it is critical that we discover lncRNA markers in GBM and their biological activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS GBM-related RNA-seq data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The "edger" R package was used for differently expressed lncRNAs (DELs) identification. Then, we forecasted prospective miRNAs that might bind to lncRNAs by Cytoscape software. Survival analysis of those miRNAs was examined by the starBase database, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the miRNAs' target genes was conducted by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database and R software. Moreover, the proliferative ability of unc-5 netrin receptor B antisense RNA 1 (UNC5B-AS1) cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis. Mechanistically, the regulatory interaction between UNC5B-AS1 and miRNA in GBM biological processes was studied using CCK-8 analysis. RESULTS Our results indicated that overexpression of UNC5B-AS1 has been shown to suppress GBM cell growth. Mechanistically, miR-24-3p in GBM was able to alleviate the anti-oncogenic effects of UNC5B-AS1 on cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The discovery of the novel UNC5B-AS1-miR-24-3p network suggests possible lncRNA and miRNA roles in the development of GBM, which may have significant ramifications for the analysis of clinical prognosis and the development of GBM medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Huili Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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Wu J, Yao J, Jia S, Yao X, Shao J, Cao W, Ma S, Yao X, Li H. A cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19352. [PMID: 37810122 PMCID: PMC10558351 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high incidence and poor prognosis. Cuproptosis is a novel type of cell death, which differs from previously reported types of cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, proptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, etc. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play multiple roles in HCC. Methods We downloaded information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and obtained cuproptosis-related genes from published studies. The cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were obtained by correlation analysis, and subsequently used to construct a prognostic cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature. Analyses of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the area under the curve (AUC) values and the index of concordance (c-index) curve were used to evaluate the signature. The tumor microenvironment (TME) was analyzed by ESTIMATE algorithm. The immune cell data was downloaded from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0 database. Immune-related pathways were analyzed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. Immunophenoscore (IPS) scores from The Cancer Immunome (TCIA) database were used to evaluate immunotherapy response. The "pRRophetic" was employed to screen drugs for high-risk patients. The candidate lncRNA expression levels were detected by Real Time Quantitative PCR. Results We constructed a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature containing seven lncRNAs: AC125437.1, PCED1B-AS1, PICSAR, AP001372.2, AC027097.1, LINC00479, and SLC6A1-AS1. This signature had excellent accuracy, and was independent of the stratification of clinicopathological features. Further study showed that high-risk tumors under this signature had higher TMB, fewer TME components and higher tumor purity. The tumors with high risk were not enriched in immune cell infiltration or immune process pathways, and high-risk patients had a poor response to immunotherapy. Moreover, 29 drugs such as sorafenib, dasatinib and paclitaxel were screened for high-risk HCC patients to improve their prognosis. The expression levels of the candidate lncRNAs in HCC tissue were significantly increased (except PCED1B-AS1). Conclusions Our prognostic cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature was accurate and effective for predicting the prognosis of HCC. The immunotherapy was unsuitable for high-risk HCC patients with this signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Jianzuo Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, PR China
| | - Shu Jia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Yao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Jingping Shao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Weijuan Cao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Shuwei Ma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, PR China
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Huang EM, Ma N, Ma T, Zhou JY, Yang WS, Liu CX, Hou ZH, Chen S, Zong Z, Zeng B, Li YR, Zhou TC. Cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs model that effectively predicts prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1981-2003. [PMID: 36310708 PMCID: PMC9611437 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i10.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis has recently been considered a novel form of programmed cell death. To date, long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) crucial to the regulation of this process remain unelucidated.
AIM To identify lncRNAs linked to cuproptosis in order to estimate patients' prognoses for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS Using RNA sequence data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Live Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC), a co-expression network of cuproptosis-related genes and lncRNAs was constructed. For HCC prognosis, we developed a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature (CupRLSig) using univariate Cox, lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival among high- and low-risk groups stratified by median CupRLSig risk score. Furthermore, comparisons of functional annotation, immune infiltration, somatic mutation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and pharmacologic options were made between high- and low-risk groups.
RESULTS Three hundred and forty-three patients with complete follow-up data were recruited in the analysis. Pearson correlation analysis identified 157 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs related to 14 cuproptosis genes. Next, we divided the TCGA-LIHC sample into a training set and a validation set. In univariate Cox regression analysis, 27 LncRNAs with prognostic value were identified in the training set. After lasso regression, the multivariate Cox regression model determined the identified risk equation as follows: Risk score = (0.2659 × PICSAR expression) + (0.4374 × FOXD2-AS1 expression) + (-0.3467 × AP001065.1 expression). The CupRLSig high-risk group was associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.162, 95%CI = 1.063-1.270; P < 0.001) after the patients were divided into two groups depending upon their median risk score. Model accuracy was further supported by receiver operating characteristic and principal component analysis as well as the validation set. The area under the curve of 0.741 was found to be a better predictor of HCC prognosis as compared to other clinicopathological variables. Mutation analysis revealed that high-risk combinations with high TMB carried worse prognoses (median survival of 30 mo vs 102 mo of low-risk combinations with low TMB group). The low-risk group had more activated natural killer cells (NK cells, P = 0.032 by Wilcoxon rank sum test) and fewer regulatory T cells (Tregs, P = 0.021) infiltration than the high-risk group. This finding could explain why the low-risk group has a better prognosis. Interestingly, when checkpoint gene expression (CD276, CTLA-4, and PDCD-1) and tumor immune dysfunction and rejection (TIDE) scores are considered, high-risk patients may respond better to immunotherapy. Finally, most drugs commonly used in preclinical and clinical systemic therapy for HCC, such as 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, imatinib, sunitinib, rapamycin, and XL-184 (cabozantinib), were found to be more efficacious in the low-risk group; erlotinib, an exception, was more efficacious in the high-risk group.
CONCLUSION The lncRNA signature, CupRLSig, constructed in this study is valuable in prognostic estimation of HCC. Importantly, CupRLSig also predicts the level of immune infiltration and potential efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Min Huang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Yi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuang-Xiong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Hui Hou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Ru Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tai-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
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Tang L, Wang T, Li W, Yu S, Yao S, Cheng H. Construction of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs/mRNAs model and prognostic prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4693-4707. [PMID: 36381337 PMCID: PMC9641397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a recently reported novel form of cell death, which is involved in the regulation of tumor progression. However, the specific role of cuproprosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the effect of cuproprosis-related lncRNAs/mRNAs on the prognosis of HCC patients based on the RNA-Seq transcriptome data and clinical data. We identified 6 cuproprosis-related signatures by Cox and Lasso regression analysis, including 3 mRNAs (FBXO30, RNF2, MPDZ) and 3 lncRNAs (PICSAR, LINC00426, AL590705.3). In addition, we constructed a prognostic prediction model for HCC. Risk analysis, RT-qPCR, and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression of FBXO30, RNF2, AL590705.3 and PICSAR was elevated in HCC, while the expression of MPDZ and LINC00426 was suppressed which was associated with better overall survival. Furthermore, immune response analysis suggested that HCC with high-risk score might respond favorably to immunotherapy. Moreover, the potential drugs that HCC might be sensitive to were screened by drug sensitivity profiling analysis. Taken together, our findings provided important information for the prediction of the prognosis of HCC patients and the development of personalized targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxue Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Senbang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Huaidong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
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Lu Q, Wang H, Lei X, Ma Q, Zhao J, Sun W, Guo C, Huang D, Xu Q. LncRNA ALKBH3-AS1 enhances ALKBH3 mRNA stability to promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5292-5302. [PMID: 36098205 PMCID: PMC9575106 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are confirmed as the key regulators of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence and progression, but the role of AlkB homologue 3 antisense RNA 1 (ALKBH3-AS1) in HCC is unclear. We revealed the overexpression of ALKBH3-AS1 in HCC tissues. The upregulated levels of ALKBH3-AS1 were observed in HCC cells. ALKBH3-AS1 was expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HCC cells. The high ALKBH3-AS1 expression was markedly associated with a decreased survival rate of HCC patients. ALKBH3-AS1 knockdown repressed and ALKBH3-AS1 overexpression enhanced HCC cell invasion and proliferation. ALKBH3-AS1 silencing restricted HCC growth in vivo. A significant positive correlation between ALKBH3-AS1 and ALKBH3 mRNA levels was confirmed in HCC specimens. ALKBH3-AS1 silencing reduced ALKBH3 expression by stabilizing its mRNA stability in HCC cells. Notably, the impact of ALKBH3 silencing on HCC cells was similar to that of ALKBH3-AS1 knockdown. ALKBH3 restoration prominently attenuated the suppressive effects resulting from ALKBH3-AS1 silencing in HCCLM3 cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcriptionally activated ALKBH3-AS1 expression in hypoxic HCC cells. ALKBH3-AS1 knockdown markedly attenuated cell proliferation and invasion in hypoxic Huh7 cells. Collectively, HIF-1α-activated ALKBH3-AS1 exerted an oncogenic role by enhancing ALKBH3 mRNA stability in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Lu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Qiancheng Ma
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Dou C, Sun L, Li Q, Wang L, Xu Q, Yang W, Liu Q, Tu K. Retraction Note: MicroRNA-1468 promotes tumor progression by activating PPAR-γ-mediated AKT signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:272. [PMID: 36096795 PMCID: PMC9469534 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Zhang B, Bao W, Zhang S, Chen B, Zhou X, Zhao J, Shi Z, Zhang T, Chen Z, Wang L, Zheng X, Chen G, Wang Y. LncRNA HEPFAL accelerates ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating SLC7A11 ubiquitination. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:734. [PMID: 36008384 PMCID: PMC9411508 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death that has been recognized in recent years and is different from apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. It is mainly due to cellular iron homeostasis and lipid peroxidation of iron metabolism caused by large accumulation. There is a close correlation between ferroptosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study shows that the expression of the long noncoding RNA HEPFAL was reduced in HCC tissues. We found that lncRNA HEPFAL can promote ferroptosis by reducing the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and increasing the levels of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron (two surrogate markers of ferroptosis). In addition, we found that lncRNA HEPFAL increases the sensitivity of erastin-induced ferroptosis, which may be related to mTORC1, and lncRNA HEPFAL can promote the ubiquitination of SLC7A11 and reduce the stability of the SLC7A11 protein, resulting in decreased expression. Understanding these mechanisms indicates that lncRNAs related to ferroptosis are essential for the occurrence and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofu Zhang
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenming Bao
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Sina Zhang
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Bo Chen
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Zhehao Shi
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Tan Zhang
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Luhui Wang
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiangtao Zheng
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ,grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yi Wang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
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Xu S, Liu D, Chang T, Wen X, Ma S, Sun G, Wang L, Chen S, Xu Y, Zhang H. Cuproptosis-Associated lncRNA Establishes New Prognostic Profile and Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:938259. [PMID: 35910212 PMCID: PMC9334800 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.938259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for 80% of all kidney cancers and has a poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that copper-dependent, regulated cell death differs from previously known death mechanisms (apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis) and is dependent on mitochondrial respiration (Tsvetkov et al., Science, 2022, 375 (6586), 1254–1261). Studies also suggested that targeting cuproptosis may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. In ccRCC, both cuproptosis and lncRNA were critical, but the mechanisms were not fully understood. The aim of our study was to construct a prognostic profile based on cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs to predict the prognosis of ccRCC and to study the immune profile of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: We downloaded the transcriptional profile and clinical information of ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Co-expression network analysis, Cox regression method, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method were used to identify cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs and to construct a risk prognostic model. In addition, the predictive performance of the model was validated and recognized by an integrated approach. We then also constructed a nomogram to predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients. Differences in biological function were investigated by GO, KEGG, and immunoassay. Immunotherapy response was measured using tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor immune dysfunction and rejection (TIDE) scores. Results: We constructed a panel of 10 cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs (HHLA3, H1-10-AS1, PICSAR, LINC02027, SNHG15, SNHG8, LINC00471, EIF1B-AS1, LINC02154, and MINCR) to construct a prognostic prediction model. The Kaplan–Meier and ROC curves showed that the feature had acceptable predictive validity in the TCGA training, test, and complete groups. The cuproptosis-associated lncRNA model had higher diagnostic efficiency compared to other clinical features. The analysis of Immune cell infiltration and ssGSEA further confirmed that predictive features were significantly associated with the immune status of ccRCC patients. Notably, the superimposed effect of patients in the high-risk group and high TMB resulted in shorter survival. In addition, the higher TIDE scores in the high-risk group suggested a poorer outcome for immune checkpoint blockade response in these patients. Conclusion: The ten cuproptosis-related risk profiles for lncRNA may help assess the prognosis and molecular profile of ccRCC patients and improve treatment options, which can be further applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxian Xu
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongze Liu
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Taihao Chang
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenfei Ma
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Longbin Wang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaiqi Chen
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, National Key Specialty of Urology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Institute of Urology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtuan Zhang,
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10
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Lee WJ, Ji H, Jeong SD, Pandey PR, Gorospe M, Kim HH. LINC00162 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by sponging PAQR4-targeting miR-485-5p. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2943-2960. [PMID: 35491694 PMCID: PMC9846112 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that long intergenic noncoding RNAs play an important role in cancer progression by affecting gene regulation at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Recent studies have shown that long intergenic noncoding RNA functions as a competitive endogenous RNA, which can interact with and mitigate the function of microRNA. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which LINC00162 regulates cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death. By analyzing RNA sequencing data, LINC00162 was identified to be a target of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK). HnRNPK positively regulated LINC00162 expression through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Lowering the level of either hnRNPK or LINC00162 decreased proliferation and colony formation while it increased apoptotic cell death. Small RNA sequencing followed by the antisense oligonucleotide pulldown, revealed that LINC00162 interacts directly with miR-485-5p which exhibited tumor-suppressing effects by suppressing cell proliferation and colony formation, and increasing apoptotic cell death. Through the bioinformatic approaches, progestin and adipoQ receptor 4 (PAQR4) was selected as a common target of LINC00162 and miR-485-5p. miR-485-5p decreased the expression of PAQR4 by directly binding to the 3'-untranslated region of PAQR4 messenger RNA. Knockdown of hnRNPK and LINC00162 increased the level of functional miR-485-5p, indicating that LINC00162 may compete for miR-485-5p, thereby derepressing PAQR4 expression. Overexpression of either hnRNPK or LINC00162, or inhibition of miR-485-5p, protected cells against etoposide-induced apoptotic death. Our findings demonstrate that a regulatory paradigm implicating hnRNPK, LINC00162, miR-485-5p, and PAQR4 plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis, and is a promising target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Joo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Haein Ji
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Dong Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea,Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Poonam R Pandey
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hyeon Ho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea,Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea,Correspondence: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea. Phone: +82-2-3410-1039; Fax: +82-2-3410-0534;
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11
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Xue C, Gu X, Bao Z, Su Y, Lu J, Li L. The Mechanism Underlying the ncRNA Dysregulation Pattern in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847728. [PMID: 35281015 PMCID: PMC8904560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HCC is one of the most common malignant tumors and has an extremely poor prognosis. Accumulating studies have shown that noncoding RNA (ncRNA) plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, the details of the related mechanisms remain unclear. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) calls for ample research with deep molecular characterization, with the hope of developing novel biomarkers to improve prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. ncRNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been found to be correlated with HCC neogenesis and progression. In this review, we summarized the aberrant epigenetic and genetic alterations caused by dysregulated ncRNAs and the functional mechanism of classical ncRNAs in the regulation of gene expression. In addition, we focused on the role of ncRNAs in the TME in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, immune cell infiltration and functional activation. This may provide a foundation for the development of promising potential prognostic/predictive biomarkers and novel therapies for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Geng Z, Dong B, Lv W, Wang Z, Wang X, Huang Y, Wang Y, Xu L. LncRNA ZFAS1 regulates the proliferation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation of high glucose-induced human mesangial cells via the miR-588/ROCK1 axis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:21. [PMID: 35090549 PMCID: PMC8796624 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a critical and the most common microvascular complication and its pathogenesis is still faintly understood. Thus, this study was performed to examine the long non-coding RNA ZNFX1 Antisense Gene Protein 1 (lncRNA ZFAS1) biological function and mechanism of regulation in DN. METHOD Human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMC) were induced with high glucose (HG, 25 mM) to establish HG-induced cell viability, pro-inflammation observed in DN. After, target miRNA and mRNA were predicted through Lncbase and Targetscan. Subsequently, the expression of ZFAS1, miR-588, and ROCK1 in DN clinical samples and cell-model was examined through qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. We upheld the targeted interaction between miR-588 and ZFAS1 or ROCK1 through a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The proliferation of the cell was also examined through CCK-8 assay, while the level of HG-induced oxidative stress was established by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and also the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the cell. Lastly, the level of accumulated extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-fibronectin and collagen type IV, and inflammatory cytokines produced by the cell was analyzed through western blot analysis and ELISA. RESULTS ZFAS1 was significantly upregulated in the DN blood samples and HG-induced HGMC. Prediction result revealed that the ZFAS1 endogenously targets the miR-588 seed sequence while miR-588 plays a role in post-transcriptional regulation of ROCK1 mRNA. Moreover, we found that miR-588 expression was significantly downregulated in DN blood samples and negatively correlates with ZFAS1 expression. Further results show that silencing ZFAS1 had a protective effect on HG-induced proliferation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation in HGMC while miR-588 inhibition and ROCK1 overexpression reversed this effect. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data suggest that ZFAS1 regulates the proliferation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation of high glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy through the miR-588/ROCK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Geng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - YaJing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Lv J, Zhang W, Wang Y. Long non-coding RNA PICSAR serves as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:579-586. [PMID: 34043139 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in dermatology, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the processes of various malignant tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of long non-coding RNA PICSAR and investigate whether serum PICSAR could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cSCC. The expression level of PICSAR was measured using quantitative Real-Time PCR. The diagnostic value of PICSAR was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Survival curves were established using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare differences between the two curves. Prognostic value of PICSAR was confirmed by Cox regression analysis. The expression of PICSAR was upregulated in serum of cSCC patients and tumor tissues of patients. Additionally, serum PICSAR expression had relatively high diagnostic accuracy for the screening of cSCC. Moreover, PICSAR expression was correlated with tumor size, grade of differentiation and TNM stages, and significantly increased in cSCC patients with poor tumor differentiation and cSCC patients with III-IV TNM stage. Furthermore, patients with high PICSAR expression had lower overall survival than the patients with low PICSAR expression, and PICSAR expression was an independent prognostic factors for cSCC patients. The results of this study indicated that PICSAR was upregulated in cSCC patients and tumor tissues and might serve as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Lv
- Aesthetic Orthopaedics, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Aesthetic Orthopaedics, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Aesthetic Orthopaedics, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China.
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14
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Bracic Tomazic S, Schatz C, Haybaeck J. Translational Regulation in Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4359-4369. [PMID: 34703211 PMCID: PMC8523516 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s255582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. The carcinogenesis of HCC is among others regulated via the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and represents a possible method of targeted treatment. The aim of our article was to address the most recent clinical advances and findings of basic studies on the mTOR signaling pathway and the involved factors. Risk factors play a key role in dysregulation of the signaling pathway, where both mTORCs are upregulated and protein synthesis is altered. eIFs and, to a lesser extent, eEFs play an essential role in this process. Whether the factor will be upregulated or downregulated, among others, depends on hepatitis B/C virus infection. The amount of a particular factor in a patient sample lets us know whether HCC recurrence will occur, what is the likelihood of chemoresistance, and what outcome is predicted for patients with an increased value. Our analysis shows that in addition to mTOR, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5 play an important role, as they can serve as biomarkers for non- and virus-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Bracic Tomazic
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Graz II, Graz, 8020, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Christoph Schatz
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.,Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
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15
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Ji LY, Wei M, Liu YY, Di ZL, Li SZ. miR‑497/MIR497HG inhibits glioma cell proliferation by targeting CCNE1 and the miR‑588/TUSC1 axis. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:255. [PMID: 34664678 PMCID: PMC8548781 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that microRNA (miR)-497 serves pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in several types of cancer. In the present study, the expression and biological functions of miR-497 host gene (MIR497HG) were investigated in glioma tissue. The expression levels of miR-497 and MIR497HG were measured in glioma, adjacent non-cancerous and normal brain tissue and their association with the prognosis of patients with glioma were analyzed. The biological roles of miR-497 and MIR497HG were investigated in glioma cell lines. In addition, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay and functional experiments were performed to identify and validate the downstream targets of miR-497 or MIR497HG. The expression levels of miR-497 and MIR497HG were downregulated in glioma tissue and cell lines compared with those in adjacent non-cancerous and normal brain tissue and normal human cortical neuron cell line. Patients with low miR-497 or MIR497HG expression levels exhibited a poor prognostic outcome. In addition, forced overexpression of miR-497 or MIR497HG significantly inhibited the proliferation and cell cycle progression of glioma cell lines. Furthermore, the results indicated that miR-497 and MIR497HG exerted their biological functions by direct targeting of cyclin E1 and miR-588/tumor suppressor candidate 1. In summary, the data indicated that miR-497 and MIR497HG served as tumor suppressors and may be used as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ya Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Neurology, Weishou Hospital of Luoyang, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Weishou Hospital of Luoyang, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Li Di
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - San-Zhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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16
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Liu Y, Liu R, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Shi Z, Lu Q, Guo J, Li L, Yao Y, Liu X, Xu Q. LncRNA TMEM220-AS1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion by regulating the TMEM220/β-catenin axis. J Cancer 2021; 12:6805-6813. [PMID: 34659569 PMCID: PMC8517989 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical drivers and suppressors of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The downregulation of transmembrane protein 220 antisense RNA 1 (TMEM220-AS1) is correlated with poor prognosis in HCC. Nevertheless, the role of TMEM220-AS1 in HCC and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, TMEM220-AS1 levels were markedly reduced in HCC tissues compared with noncancerous tissues. TMEM220-AS1 downregulation was confirmed in HCC cell lines. TMEM220-AS1 expression was associated with tumor stage, venous infiltration, tumor size, and survival of HCC patients. TMEM220-AS1 overexpression suppressed the migration, invasion, and proliferation of HCC cells. Interestingly, ectopic expression of TMEM220-AS1 increased TMEM220 levels in HCC cells. Decreased TMEM220 levels were observed in HCC tissues and cell lines. TMEM220 expression was positively correlated with TMEM220-AS1 levels in HCC tissue samples and TMEM220 downregulation was significantly correlated with reduced patient survival. TMEM220 overexpression suppressed HCC cell proliferation and mobility. TMEM220 knockdown eliminated the suppressive effect of TMEM220-AS1 in HCCLM3 cells. Mechanistically, TMEM220 overexpression reduced the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and decreased MYC, Cyclin D1, and Snail1 mRNA levels in HCCLM3 cells. BIO, a GSK3β inhibitor, eliminated TMEM220-induced Wnt/β-catenin pathway inactivation and inhibited HCC cell proliferation and mobility. In conclusion, TMEM220-AS1 and TMEM220 were expressed at low levels in HCC patients. TMEM220-AS1 inhibited the malignant behavior of HCC cells by enhancing TMEM220 expression and subsequently inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Runkun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junjun Zhao
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhan Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qiliang Lu
- The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinhui Guo
- The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lijie Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yingmin Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
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17
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Zhang Z, Zhu H, Li Q, Gao W, Zang D, Su W, Yang R, Zhong J. Gene Expression Profiling of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and One Carbon Metabolism Related Genes for Prognostic Risk Signature of Colon Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:647152. [PMID: 34589110 PMCID: PMC8475515 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.647152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most common pathological type of CRC and several biomarkers related to survival have been confirmed. Yet, the predictive effect of a single gene biomarker is not enough. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and carbon metabolism play an important role in tumors. Thus, we aimed to identify new gene signatures from the TCA cycle and carbon metabolism to better predict the survival of COAD. This study performed mRNA expression profiling in large COAD cohorts (n = 417) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to screen the variable combinations model which is most relevant to patient prognosis survival mostly. Univariable or multivariate analysis results showed that SUCLG2, SUCLG1, ACLY, SUCLG2P2, ATIC and ACO2 have associations with survival in COAD. Combined with clinical variables, we confirmed model 1 (AUC = 0.82505), most relevant to patient prognosis survival. Model 1 contains three genes: SUCLG2P2, SUCLG2 and ATIC, in which SUCLG2P2 and SUCLG2 were low-expressed in COAD, however, ATIC was highly expressed, and the expressions above are related to stages of CRC. Pearson analysis showed that SUCLG2P2, SUCLG2 and ATIC were correlated in normal COAD tissues, while only SUCLG2P2 and SUCLG2 were correlated in tumor tissues. Finally, we verified the expressions of these three genes in COAD samples. Our study revealed a possible connection between the TCA cycle and carbon metabolism and prognosis and showed a TCA cycle and carbon metabolism related gene signature which could better predict survival in COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wuji Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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The Role of Long Non-Coding RNA and microRNA Networks in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910630. [PMID: 34638971 PMCID: PMC8508708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver malignancy with high morbidity and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in crucial biological processes of tumorigenesis and progression, and play four major regulatory roles, namely signal, decoy, guide, and scaffold, to regulate gene expression. Through these processes, lncRNAs can target microRNAs (miRNAs) to form lncRNA and miRNA networks, which regulate cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and the tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the multifaceted functions of lncRNA and miRNA networks in the pathogenesis of HCC, the potential use of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and novel therapeutic targets in HCC. This review also highlights the regulatory effects of lncRNA and miRNA networks in the tumor microenvironment of HCC.
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Cui HY, Rong JS, Chen J, Guo J, Zhu JQ, Ruan M, Zuo RR, Zhang SS, Qi JM, Zhang BH. Exosomal microRNA-588 from M2 polarized macrophages contributes to cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6079-6092. [PMID: 34629821 PMCID: PMC8476330 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a prevalent malignant cancer with a high incidence and significantly affects the health of modern people globally. Cisplatin (DDP) is one of the most common and effective chemotherapies for patients with gastric cancer, but DDP resistance remains a severe clinical challenge.
AIM To explore the function of M2 polarized macrophages-derived exosomal microRNA (miR)-588 in the modulation of DDP resistance of gastric cancer cells.
METHODS M2 polarized macrophages were isolated and identified by specific markers using flow cytometry analysis. The exosomes from M2 macrophages were identified by transmission electron microscopy and related markers. The uptake of the PKH67-labelled M2 macrophages-derived exosomes was detected in SGC7901 cells. The function and mechanism of exosomal miR-588 from M2 macrophages in the modulation of DDP resistance of gastric cancer cells was analyzed by CCK-8 assay, apoptosis analysis, colony formation assay, Western blot analysis, qPCR analysis, and luciferase reporter assay in SGC7901 and SGC7901/DDP cells, and by tumorigenicity analysis in nude mice.
RESULTS M2 polarized macrophages were isolated from mouse bone marrow stimulated with interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4. Co-cultivation of gastric cancer cells with M2 polarized macrophages promoted DDP resistance. M2 polarized macrophages-derived exosomes could transfer in gastric cancer cells to enhance DDP resistance. Exosomal miR-588 from M2 macrophages contributed to DDP resistance of gastric cancer cells. miR-588 promoted DDP-resistant gastric cancer cell growth in vivo. miR-588 was able to target cylindromatosis (CYLD) in gastric cancer cells. The depletion of CYLD reversed miR-588 inhibition-regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells exposed to DDP.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, we uncovered that exosomal miR-588 from M2 macrophages contributes to DDP resistance of gastric cancer cells by partly targeting CYLD. miR-588 may be applied as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Cui
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Rong
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Health, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia-Qin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Ruan
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zuo
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong Province, China
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20
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Jia G, Wang Y, Lin C, Lai S, Dai H, Wang Z, Dai L, Su H, Song Y, Zhang N, Feng Y, Tang B. LNCAROD enhances hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy by activating glycolysis through induction of pyruvate kinase isoform PKM2. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:299. [PMID: 34551796 PMCID: PMC8459495 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence has suggested the essential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a plethora of malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the underlyling mechanisms of lncRNAs remain unidentified in HCC. The present work was aimed to explore the regulatory functions and mechanisms of LncRNA LNCAROD in HCC progression and chemotherapeutic response. METHODS The expression of LNCAROD in HCC tissues and cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR). Cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance were evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK8), colony formation, transwell, and chemosensitivity assays. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation qRCR (MeRIP-qPCR) was used to determine N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification level. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down were applied to identify the molecular sponge role of LNCAROD for modulation of miR-145-5p via the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism, as well as the interaction between LNCAROD and serine-and arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3). The interaction between insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) and LNCAROD was also identified by RIP assay. Gain- or-loss-of-function assays were used to identify the function and underlying mechanisms of LNCAROD in HCC. RESULTS We found that LNCAROD was significantly upregulated and predicted a poorer prognosis in HCC patients. LNCAROD upregulation was maintained by increased m6A methylation-mediated RNA stability. LNCAROD significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2)-mediated glycolysis enhancement is critical for the role of LNACROD in HCC. According to bioinformatics prediction and our experimental data, LNCAROD directly binds to SRSF3 to induce PKM switching towards PKM2 and maintains PKM2 levels in HCC by acting as a ceRNA against miR-145-5p. The oncogenic effects of LNCAROD in HCC were more prominent under hypoxia than normoxia due to the upregulation of hypoxia-triggered hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our present study suggests that LNCAROD induces PKM2 upregulation via simultaneously enhancing SRSF3-mediated PKM switching to PKM2 and sponging miR-145-5p to increase PKM2 level, eventually increasing cancer cell aerobic glycolysis to participate in tumor malignancy and chemoresistance, especially under hypoxic microenvironment. This study provides a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Lai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Song
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, 157011, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiwen Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, 157011, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, 157011, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Application Research for Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Xu F, Hua Q, Zhang A, Di Z, Wang Y, Zhao L, Yang H, Liu J, Huang G. LncRNA AC020978 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer progression by interacting with malate dehydrogenase 2 and activating the AKT pathway. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4501-4514. [PMID: 34424600 PMCID: PMC8586664 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non–coding RNA AC020978 (lncRNA AC020978) is an oncogenic regulator of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the function of AC020978 in regulating NSCLC metastasis and the potential molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the expression levels of AC020978 in a series of NSCLC tissues using FISH assays and found that higher AC020978 expression levels were closely associated with metastasis and unfavorable prognosis. Functional studies showed that AC020978 promoted NSCLC migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation demonstrated that AC020978 interacted with malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) and maintained MDH2 stability. Knockdown of MDH2 weakened the facilitating effect on cell metastasis and 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG) metabolism in AC020978‐overexpressed NSCLC cells. RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and western blotting revealed that AC020978 was associated with the AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings revealed that AC020978 might serve as a prognostic biomarker and activate the AKT pathway by stabilizing MDH2, leading to metastasis and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Hua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aimi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Di
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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22
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Li D, Yang X, Li B, Yang C, Sun J, Yu M, Wang H, Lu Y. Lidocaine liposome modified with folic acid suppresses the proliferation and motility of glioma cells via targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1025. [PMID: 34373711 PMCID: PMC8343891 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is life-threatening tumor of the central nervous system. Although lidocaine is usually used as local anesthetic, it also has antitumor effects. However, its clinical application in glioma is hampered by limited distribution to the brain. The aim of the present study was to enhance the ability of lidocaine to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to target glioma and investigate its antitumor mechanism. A folic acid (FA)-modified lidocaine-carrying liposome (Lid-FA-Lip) was prepared, and its particle size, ζ potential, encapsulation efficiency, release profile stability and hemolytic effect were characterized in vitro. The targeting capacity and antitumor activities of Lid-FA-Lip were also investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that the modification of liposomes with FA significantly improved the ability of lidocaine to cross the BBB in an in vitro model and increased its uptake by U87 cells. Additionally, Lid-FA-Lip significantly suppressed the motility of U87 glioma cells and stimulated apoptosis. Furthermore, the results confirmed that Lid-FA-Lip targeted the PI3K/AKT pathway and suppressed the growth of glioma xenografts in mice. In summary, the study demonstrated that Lid-FA-Lip is a promising liposomal formulation of lidocaine that may provide improved therapeutic effects on glioma, mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300191, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Mingdong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yuechun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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He H, Shao X, Li Y, Gihu R, Xie H, Zhou J, Yan H. Targeting Signaling Pathway Networks in Several Malignant Tumors: Progresses and Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675675. [PMID: 34135756 PMCID: PMC8203325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain the health problem of highest concern among people worldwide due to its high mortality and recurrence. Lung, gastric, liver, colon, and breast cancers are among the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality. In cancer biology, aberrant signaling pathway regulation is a prevalent theme that drives the generation, metastasis, invasion, and other processes of all malignant tumors. The Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch and NF-kB pathways are widely concerned and signal crosstalks exist in the five solid tumors. This review provides an innovative summary of the recent progress in research on these signaling pathways, the underlying mechanism of the molecules involved in these pathways, and the important role of some miRNAs in tumor-related signaling pathways. It also presents a brief review of the antitumor molecular drugs that target these signaling pathways. This review may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular biological mechanism of malignant tumors and vital information for the development of new treatment strategies with a focus on efficacy and the reduction of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan He
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoni Shao
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ribu Gihu
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haochen Xie
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression through the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:5596712. [PMID: 34123955 PMCID: PMC8169250 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5596712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, is an aggressive tumor with a high mortality rate because of the limited systemic and locoregional treatment modalities. The development and progression of HCC depend on epigenetic changes that result in the activation or inhibition of some signaling pathways. The mTOR signaling pathway is essential for many pathophysiological processes and is considered a major regulator of cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that epigenetics plays a key role in HCC biology by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, epigenetic regulation through the mTOR signaling pathway to diagnose and treat HCC will become a very promising strategy.
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Wang L, Sun L, Liu R, Mo H, Niu Y, Chen T, Wang Y, Han S, Tu K, Liu Q. Long non-coding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1/PLAGL2/HIF-1α signaling loop promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:72. [PMID: 33596983 PMCID: PMC7891009 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely involved in human cancers’ progression by regulating tumor cells’ various malignant behaviors. MAPKAPK5-AS1 has been recognized as an oncogene in colorectal cancer. However, the biological role of MAPKAPK5-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been explored. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the level of MAPKAPK5-AS1 in HCC tissues and cell lines. The effects of MAPKAPK5-AS1 on tumor growth and metastasis were assessed via in vitro experiments, including MTT, colony formation, EdU, flow cytometry, transwell assays, and nude mice models. The western blotting analysis was carried out to determine epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and AKT signaling. The interaction between MAPKAPK5-AS1, miR-154-5p, and PLAGL2 were explored by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. The regulatory effect of HIF-1α on MAPKAPK5-AS1 was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results MAPKAPK5-AS1 expression was significantly elevated in HCC, and its overexpression associated with malignant clinical features and reduced survival. Functionally, MAPKAPK5-AS1 knockdown repressed the proliferation, mobility, and EMT of HCC cells and induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1 contributed to HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, MAPKAPK5-AS1 silencing suppressed, while MAPKAPK5-AS1 overexpression enhanced HCC growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, MAPKAPK5-AS1 upregulated PLAG1 like zinc finger 2 (PLAGL2) expression by acting as an endogenous competing RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-154-5p, thereby activating EGFR/AKT signaling. Importantly, rescue experiments demonstrated that the miR-154-5p/PLAGL2 axis mediated the function of MAPKAPK5-AS1 in HCC cells. Interestingly, we found that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), a transcript factor, could directly bind to the promoter to activate MAPKAPK5-AS1 transcription. MAPKAPK5-AS1 regulated HIF-1α expression through PLAGL2 to form a hypoxia-mediated MAPKAPK5-AS1/PLAGL2/HIF-1α signaling loop in HCC. Conclusions Our results reveal a MAPKAPK5-AS1/PLAGL2/HIF-1α signaling loop in HCC progression and suggest that MAPKAPK5-AS1 could be a potential novel therapeutic target of HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01868-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Runkun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Huanye Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yongshen Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shaoshan Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Hepigenetics: A Review of Epigenetic Modulators and Potential Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9593254. [PMID: 33299889 PMCID: PMC7707949 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9593254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second most lethal, following lung cancer. Currently applied therapeutic practices rely on surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or a combination thereof. These treatment options are associated with extreme adversities, and risk/benefit ratios do not always work in patients' favor. Anomalies of the epigenome lie at the epicenter of aberrant molecular mechanisms by which the disease develops and progresses. Modulation of these anomalous events poses a promising prospect for alternative treatment options, with an abundance of felicitous results reported in recent years. Herein, the most recent epigenetic modulators in hepatocellular carcinoma are recapitulated on.
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Liu Z, Mo H, Sun L, Wang L, Chen T, Yao B, Liu R, Niu Y, Tu K, Xu Q, Yang N. Long noncoding RNA PICSAR/miR-588/EIF6 axis regulates tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4118-4128. [PMID: 32860321 PMCID: PMC7648049 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulators in tumor progression and development. Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of lncRNA‐PICSAR (p38 inhibited cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated lincRNA) on the biological behaviors of HCC. In the present study, we found that PICSAR was upregulated in HCC tissues and cells and correlated with progression and poor prognosis in HCC patients. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments indicated that PICSAR enhanced cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis of HCC cells. PICSAR could function as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging microRNA (miR)‐588 in HCC cells. Mechanically, miR‐588 inhibited HCC progression and alternation of miR‐588 reversed the promotive effects of PICSAR on HCC cells. In addition, we confirmed that eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (EIF6) was a direct target of miR‐588 in HCC and mediated the biological effects of miR‐588 and PICSAR in HCC, resulting in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation. Our data identified PICSAR as a novel oncogenic lncRNA associated with malignant clinical outcomes in HCC patients. PICSAR played an oncogenic role by targeting miR‐588 and subsequently promoted EIF6 expression and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in HCC. Our results revealed that PICSAR could be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanye Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Runkun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongshen Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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