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Li S, Mu R, Guo X. Defensins regulate cell cycle: Insights of defensins on cellular proliferation and division. Life Sci 2024; 349:122740. [PMID: 38777302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Defensins are a class of small antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role against pathogens. However, recent research has highlighted defensins exhibit the ability to influence cell cycle checkpoints, promoting or inhibiting specific phases such as G1 arrest or S/M transition. By regulating the cell cycle, defensins impact the proliferation of normal and cancerous cells, with implications for cancer development and progression. Dysregulation of defensin expression can disrupt the delicate balance of cell cycle regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and an increased risk of tumor formation. Defensins contribute to the resolution of inflammation, stimulate angiogenesis, and enhance the migration and proliferation of cells involved in tissue repair. Furthermore, The ability of defensins to respond to microenvironmental changes further demonstrates the significance of these peptides in host defense mechanisms and immune function. By adjusting their expression, defensins continue to combat pathogens effectively and maintain homeostasis within the body. This review highlights the multifaceted role of defensins in regulating the cell cycle and their broader implications in cancer progression, tissue repair, and microenvironmental response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Rongrong Mu
- Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, The Third People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xueqin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Gaomi City People's Hospital, Gaomi 261500, China
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2
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Liu Q, Wang L, He D, Wu Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Dong Z, Luo Y, Song Y. Application Value of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16718. [PMID: 38069041 PMCID: PMC10706433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a common clinical malignant tumor disease that seriously endangers human health and lacks effective treatment methods. As part of the innate immune defense of many organisms, antimicrobial peptides not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but also can specifically kill tumor cells. The positive charge of antimicrobial peptides under neutral conditions determines their high selectivity to tumor cells. In addition, antimicrobial peptides also have unique anticancer mechanisms, such as inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, membrane destruction, and inhibition of metastasis, which highlights the low drug resistance and high specificity of antimicrobial peptides. In this review, we summarize the related studies on antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of digestive tract tumors, mainly oral cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. This paper describes the therapeutic advantages of antimicrobial peptides due to their unique anticancer mechanisms. The length, net charge, and secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides can be modified by design or modification to further enhance their anticancer effects. In summary, as an emerging cancer treatment drug, antimicrobial peptides need to be further studied to realize their application in gastrointestinal cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongxia He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuewei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhizhi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhan Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Yang X, Hua C, Lin L, Ganting Z. Antimicrobial peptides as potential therapy for gastrointestinal cancers. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2831-2841. [PMID: 37249612 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since conventional therapy faces limitations in the field of different cancers as well as gastrointestinal cancers, that decrease the survival rate of patients, there is an urgent need to find new effective therapeutic approaches without the adverse effects of the traditional agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attract much attention and are well known for their role in innate immunity. These peptides, in addition to their antimicrobial activity, exhibit strong anticancer potential against various types of malignancy. AMPs specifically target tumor cells and have selective toxicity for these cells without affecting normal cells. Here we aim to comprehensively overview the current knowledge in the field of using AMPs as novel therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Cui Hua
- Tangshan Fengnan District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Tangshan Hongci Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Zhao Ganting
- Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
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Ma R, Li Q, Yu G, Wang J, Li Y, Xu X, Zhu Y, Dong M, Gao Y, Li L, Li Z. A multi-omics study to investigate the progression of the Correa pathway in gastric mucosa in the context of cirrhosis. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:45. [PMID: 37752551 PMCID: PMC10521386 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) are prone to gastric mucosa damage. We investigated the alterations of gastric mucosa in LC patients and their possible mechanisms through multi-omics. RESULTS We observed significant gastric mucosa microbial dysbiosis in LC subjects. Gastric mucosal microbiomes of LC patients contained a higher relative abundance of Streptococcus, Neisseria, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Porphyromonas, as well as a decreased abundance in Helicobacter and Achromobacter, than control subjects. The LC patients had higher levels of bile acids (BAs) and long-chain acylcarnitines (long-chain ACs) in serum. The gastric mucosal microbiomes were associated with serum levels of BAs and long-chain ACs. Transcriptome analyses of gastric mucosa revealed an upregulation of endothelial cell specific molecule 1, serpin family E member 1, mucin 2, caudal type homeobox 2, retinol binding protein 2, and defensin alpha 5 in LC group. Besides, the bile secretion signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in the LC group. CONCLUSIONS The alterations in the gastric mucosal microbiome and transcriptome of LC patients were identified. The impaired energy metabolism in gastric mucosal cells and bile acids might aggravate the inflammation of gastric mucosa and even exacerbate the Correa's cascade process. The gastric mucosal cells might reduce bile acid toxicity by bile acid efflux and detoxification. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2100051070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Guoxian Yu
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- SDU-NTU Joint Centre for AI Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinyan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Nagao S, Takahashi Y, Denda T, Tanaka Y, Miura Y, Mizutani H, Ohki D, Sakaguchi Y, Yakabi S, Tsuji Y, Niimi K, Kakushima N, Yamamichi N, Ota Y, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Reduced DEFA5 Expression and STAT3 Activation Underlie the Submucosal Invasion of Early Gastric Cancers. Digestion 2023; 104:480-493. [PMID: 37598668 DOI: 10.1159/000531790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Submucosal invasion is a core hallmark of early gastric cancer (EGC) with poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of the progression from intramucosal gastric cancer (IMGC) to early submucosal-invasive gastric cancer (SMGC) is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify genes and pathways involved in the submucosal invasion in EGC using comprehensive gene expression analysis. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed for eight cases of IMGC and eight cases of early SMGC with submucosal invasion ≥500 μm. To validate the findings of gene expression analysis and to examine the gene expression pattern in tissues, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for 50 cases of IMGC and SMGC each. RESULTS Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of small intestine-specific genes were significantly decreased in SMGC. Among them, defensin alpha 5 (DEFA5) was the most downregulated gene in SMGC, which was further validated in SMGC tissues by IHC staining. Gene set enrichment analysis showed a strong association between SMGC, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the upregulation of STAT3-activating cytokines. The expression of phosphorylated STAT3 was significant in the nucleus of tumor cells in SMGC tissues but not in areas expressing DEFA5. CONCLUSION The results of this study strongly suggest that the downregulation of DEFA5 and the activation of STAT3 play a significant role in the submucosal invasion of EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Nagao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Denda
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ohki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yakabi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Niimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Kakushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Fu J, Zong X, Jin M, Min J, Wang F, Wang Y. Mechanisms and regulation of defensins in host defense. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:300. [PMID: 37574471 PMCID: PMC10423725 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of cationic host defense peptides, defensins are mainly synthesized by Paneth cells, neutrophils, and epithelial cells, contributing to host defense. Their biological functions in innate immunity, as well as their structure and activity relationships, along with their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, have been of great interest in recent years. To highlight the key research into the role of defensins in human and animal health, we first describe their research history, structural features, evolution, and antimicrobial mechanisms. Next, we cover the role of defensins in immune homeostasis, chemotaxis, mucosal barrier function, gut microbiota regulation, intestinal development and regulation of cell death. Further, we discuss their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential in various diseases, including infectious disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and obesity, chronic inflammatory lung disease, periodontitis and cancer. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the nutrient-dependent regulation of defensins, including fatty acids, amino acids, microelements, plant extracts, and probiotics, while considering the clinical application of such regulation. Together, the review summarizes the various biological functions, mechanism of actions and potential clinical significance of defensins, along with the challenges in developing defensins-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights into their biology and potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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7
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Role of Defensins in Tumor Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065268. [PMID: 36982340 PMCID: PMC10049535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Defensins have long been considered as merely antimicrobial peptides. Throughout the years, more immune-related functions have been discovered for both the α-defensin and β-defensin subfamily. This review provides insights into the role of defensins in tumor immunity. Since defensins are present and differentially expressed in certain cancer types, researchers started to unravel their role in the tumor microenvironment. The human neutrophil peptides have been demonstrated to be directly oncolytic by permealizing the cell membrane. Further, defensins can inflict DNA damage and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. In the tumor microenvironment, defensins can act as chemoattractants for subsets of immune cells, such as T cells, immature dendritic cells, monocytes and mast cells. Additionally, by activating the targeted leukocytes, defensins generate pro-inflammatory signals. Moreover, immuno-adjuvant effects have been reported in a variety of models. Therefore, the action of defensins reaches beyond their direct antimicrobial effect, i.e., the lysis of microbes invading the mucosal surfaces. By causing an increase in pro-inflammatory signaling events, cell lysis (generating antigens) and attraction and activation of antigen presenting cells, defensins could have a relevant role in activating the adaptive immune system and generating anti-tumor immunity, and could thus contribute to the success of immune therapy.
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Zhao X, Lu M, Liu Z, Zhang M, Yuan H, Dan Z, Wang D, Ma B, Yang Y, Yang F, Sun R, Li L, Dang C. Comprehensive analysis of alfa defensin expression and prognosis in human colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:974654. [PMID: 36703795 PMCID: PMC9872005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.974654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious threat to human health. Screening new biomarkers can provide basis for improving the prognosis and individualized treatment of CRC. Although some members of the defensin family were found increased in pancreatic cancer and CRC, their exact function and clinical significance remain unclear. Methods In this study, the expression, correlation, mutation, and functional enrichment of several defensin family members in pancreatic cancer and CRC were analyzed using tumor public databases and verified in several patients. Results Results showed no significant correlation between the expression levels of DEFA1-4 and CRC. The expression levels of DEFA5 and DEFA6 significantly increased in CRC tissues compared with those in normal tissues. DEFA5 may be associated with better prognosis of CRC, while DEFA6 may be associated with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments showed that the expression of DEFA6 was significantly higher in adenoma than in normal mucosa and slightly higher in carcinoma than in normal mucosa. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that DEFAs were closely related to hsa05202: transcriptional misregulation in cancer and Hsa04015: Rap1 signaling pathway. DEFA5 may be a stable and good prognostic marker, and DEFA6 may be a poor prognostic marker in CRC of metastasis. Conclusion Overall, DEFA5 and DEFA6 have a certain degree of sensitivity and specificity in predicting CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of General Surgery, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengnan Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Medical Section, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Dan
- Department of General Surgery, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daihua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Funing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Ruifang Sun, ; Lin Li, ; Chengxue Dang,
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Ruifang Sun, ; Lin Li, ; Chengxue Dang,
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Ruifang Sun, ; Lin Li, ; Chengxue Dang,
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Wu E, Zhu J, Ma Z, Tuo B, Terai S, Mizuno K, Li T, Liu X. Gastric alarmin release: A warning signal in the development of gastric mucosal diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008047. [PMID: 36275647 PMCID: PMC9583272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarmins exist outside cells and are early warning signals to the immune system; as such, alarmin receptors are widely distributed on various immune cells. Alarmins, proinflammatory molecular patterns associated with tissue damage, are usually released into the extracellular space, where they induce immune responses and participate in the damage and repair processes of mucosal diseases.In the stomach, gastric alarmin release has been shown to be involved in gastric mucosal inflammation, antibacterial defense, adaptive immunity, and wound healing; moreover, this release causes damage and results in the development of gastric mucosal diseases, including various types of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the role of alarmins in gastric mucosal diseases. This review focuses on the contribution of alarmins, including IL33, HMGB1, defensins and cathelicidins, to the gastric mucosal barrier and their role in gastric mucosal diseases. Here, we offer a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of gastric mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Liu, ; Taolang Li,
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Liu, ; Taolang Li,
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Richter F, Röder C, Möller T, Egberts JH, Becker T, Sebens S. Detection of Circulating and Disseminated Tumor Cells and Their Prognostic Value under the Influence of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Esophageal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051279. [PMID: 35267585 PMCID: PMC8909540 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Esophageal cancer (EC) has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. This study investigated the expression of CK20 and DEFA5, markers being associated with circulating (CTC) and disseminated tumor cells (DTC), in blood and bone marrow (BM) of EC patients, and correlated positivity rates with clinical data to assess the prognostic impact. Both markers were detected in blood and BM of EC patients and the control cohort so that a cut-off value was determined to define marker positivity for correlation with clinical parameters. CK20 and DEFA5 positivity in liquid biopsies of EC patients did not correlate with overall survival (OS). However, CK20 positivity in BM and DEFA5 negativity in blood were associated with reduced OS in patients without neoadjuvant therapy. In patients with neoadjuvant therapy, DEFA5 positivity in BM was associated with improved OS, pointing to the potential of DEFA5 as a prognostic biomarker in liquid biopsies of EC patients. Abstract Detection of circulating (CTC) or disseminated tumor cells (DTC) are correlated with negative prognosis in esophageal cancer (EC) patients. In this study, DTC- and CTC-associated markers CK20 and DEFA5 were determined by RT-PCR in EC patients and correlated with clinical parameters to determine their prognostic impact. The blood and bone marrow (BM) of 216 EC patients after tumor resection with or without neoadjuvant therapy and as control blood samples from 38 healthy donors and BM from 24 patients with non-malignant diseases were analyzed. Both markers were detected in blood and BM of EC patients and the control cohort. A cut-off value was determined to define marker positivity for correlation with clinical data. CK20 expression was detected in 47/206 blood samples and in 49/147 BM samples of EC patients. DEFA5 positivity was determined in 96/206 blood samples and 98/147 BM samples, not correlating with overall survival (OS). However, CK20 positivity in BM and DEFA5 negativity in blood were associated with reduced OS in EC patients without neoadjuvant therapy, while in patients with neoadjuvant therapy DEFA5 positivity in BM was associated with improved OS. Overall, our study suggests DEFA5 as a prognostic biomarker in liquid biopsies of EC patients which requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Richter
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.R.); (T.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Christian Röder
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Thorben Möller
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.R.); (T.M.); (T.B.)
| | | | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.R.); (T.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-500-30501
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Shan G, Bi G, Bian Y, Valeria B, Zeng D, Zhang H, Yao G, Zhang Y, Fan H, Zhan C. Genomic And Tumor Microenvironment Differences Between Cell Cycle Progression Pathway Altered/Non-Altered Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:843528. [PMID: 35296002 PMCID: PMC8919059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.843528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIdentified as a hallmark of cancer, the dysregulated cell cycle progression plays an important role in the promotion and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the genomic and microenvironment differences between cell cycle progression pathway altered/non-altered LUAD patients remain to be elucidated.Materials and MethodsData of this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including simple nucleotide variation, copy number variation (CNV), RNA-seq gene expression, miRNA expression, survival, and clinical information. Besides, 34 LUAD samples from our institution were used as a validation cohort. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enrichment analysis, and immune cell infiltration were detected. At last, we built a LASSO-binary Logistic regression model to predict the cell-cycle-related gene mutation (CDKN2A, CCND1, CDK4, CCNE1, and RB1) in LUAD patients and further verified it in the samples from our institution.ResultsBased on the cell cycle progression pathway status, the LUAD patients were divided into the mutation (n=322) and wild (n=46) groups. Compared to the wild group, the mutation group had a higher mutational load and CNV. Among the 16684 protein-coding genes analyzed, 302 were upregulated, and 354 were downregulated in the mutation group. Enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were closely related to metabolism items. After performing immune cell infiltration analysis of 22 immune cells, we found the proportion of 5 immune cells such as monocytes (P<0.01) and dendritic cells (P<0.01) were higher in the wild group. Finally, a cell-cycle-related 15-signature model was built by LASSO-Logistic regression analysis, which could predict the cell cycle progression pathway-related gene mutation (CDKN2A, CCND1, CDK4, CCNE1, and RB1) in LUAD patients. The validation cohorts showed the sensitivity and specificity of this model were 0.667 and 0.929, respectively.ConclusionThe genomic and microenvironment characteristics differed between the cell cycle progression pathway altered/non-altered patients with LUAD. Our findings may provide new insight into personalized treatment for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Besskaya Valeria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Hong Fan,
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Hong Fan,
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Qiao Q, Bai R, Song W, Gao H, Zhang M, Lu J, Hong M, Zhang X, Sun P, Zhang Q, Zhao P. Human α-defensin 5 suppressed colon cancer growth by targeting PI3K pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112809. [PMID: 34487729 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Defensins are highly conserved antimicrobial peptides, which ubiquitously expressed in different species. In addition to the functions in host defense, their aberrant expression have also been documented in cancerous tissue including breast cancer, lung caner and renal carcinoma etc. Whereas, roles of Defensin Alpha 5 (DEFA5) in colon cancer has not been explored. Bioinformatic analysis was used to study the expression of DEFA5 and its correlation with clinical outcomes; Western blot, qPCR, Co-immunoprecipitation, xenograft models were used to the study the molecular mechanism. Decreased expression of DEFA5 at protein level was observed in colon tissues. Colon cancer cell lines proliferation and colony formation capacity were significantly suppressed by DEFA5 overexpression. Moreover, in vivo tumor growth in nude mice was also suppressed by DEFA5 overexpression, suggesting a tumor suppressor role of DEFA5 in colon cancer. Mechanistically, DEFA5 directly binds to the subunits of PI3K complex, thus attenuates the downstream signaling transduction, leads to delayed cell growth and metastasis. Collectively, we concluded that DEFA5 showed an inhibitory effect in colon cancer cell growth and may serve as a potential tumor suppressor in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No.1, Tongdao North Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, PR China.
| | - Ruixia Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, PR China.
| | - Wanying Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010059, PR China.
| | - Haining Gao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010059, PR China.
| | - Minyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010059, PR China.
| | - Jingkun Lu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010059, PR China.
| | - Mei Hong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010059, PR China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010059, PR China.
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010059, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1#, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010050, PR China.
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, 010059, PR China.
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Zeng D, Hu Z, Yi Y, Valeria B, Shan G, Chen Z, Zhan C, Lin M, Lin Z, Wang Q. Differences in genetics and microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma patients with or without TP53 mutation. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 34635074 PMCID: PMC8507221 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Differences in genetics and microenvironment of LUAD patients with or without TP53 mutation were analyzed to illustrate the role of TP53 mutation within the carcinogenesis of LUAD, which will provide new concepts for the treatment of LUAD. Methods
In this study, we used genetics and clinical info from the TCGA database, including somatic mutations data, RNA-seq, miRNA-seq, and clinical data. More than one bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the unique genomic pattern of TP53-related LUAD. Results According to TP53 gene mutation status, we divided the LUAD patients into two groups, including 265 in the mutant group (MU) and 295 in the wild-type group (WT). 787 significant somatic mutations were detected between the groups, including mutations in titin (TTN), type 2 ryanodine receptor (RYR2) and CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3(CSMD3), which were up-regulated in the MU. However, no significant survival difference was observed. At the RNA level, we obtained 923 significantly differentially expressed genes; in the MU, α-defensin 5(DEFA5), pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 5(PSG5) and neuropeptide Y(NPY) were the most up-regulated genes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carry gametocidal (GC) were the most down-regulated genes. GSVA analysis revealed 30 significant pathways. Compared with the WT, the expression of 12 pathways in the mutant group was up-regulated, most of which pointed to cell division. There were significant differences in tumor immune infiltrating cells, such as Macrophages M1, T cells CD4 memory activated, Mast cells resting, and Dendritic cells resting. In terms of immune genes, a total of 35 immune-related genes were screened, of which VGF (VGF nerve growth factor inducible) and PGC (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator) were the most significant up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively. Research on the expression pattern of immunomodulators found that 9 immune checkpoint molecules and 6 immune costimulatory molecules were considerably wholly different between the two groups. Conclusions Taking the mutant group as a reference, LUAD patients in the mutant group had significant differences in somatic mutations, mRNA-seq, miRNA-seq, immune infiltration, and immunomodulators, indicating that TP53 mutation plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of LUAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01671-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanjun Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Besskaya Valeria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guangyao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Wu Z, Ding Z, Cheng B, Cui Z. The inhibitory effect of human DEFA5 in growth of gastric cancer by targeting BMI1. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1075-1083. [PMID: 33503272 PMCID: PMC7935777 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins, a class of small cysteine‐rich cationic polypeptides across cellular life, are identified as antimicrobial compounds that display direct antimicrobial and immune signaling activities that are involved in the host defense. In addition to their roles in the innate immune system, accumulating studies have reported that some members of defensins are expressed and involved in some cancer cells, such as colon cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and renal cell carcinomas. However, the roles of α‐Defensin 5 (DEFA5) in tumorigenesis and development remain unknown. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis and quantitative PCR results showed that the expression level of DEFA5 was dramatically downregulated in human gastric cancer. Overexpression of human DEFA5 in gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and BGC823 effectively diminished cell proliferation and reduced the colony forming ability. Moreover, DEFA5 overexpression induced cell cycle arrest by significantly increasing the number of G1‐phase cells. Consistently, in vivo tumor formation experiments in nude mice showed the suppression of the tumor growth by DEFA5 overexpression, suggesting an inhibitory effect of DEFA5 in gastric cancer. Mechanistically, DEFA5 directly binds to BMI1, which subsequently decreased its binding at the CDKN2a locus and upregulated the expression of 2 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, p16 and p19. Taken together, we concluded that DEFA5 showed an inhibitory effect in gastric cancer cell growth and may serve as a potential tumor suppressor in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Wu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongchao Cui
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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