1
|
Giolito MV, Bodoirat S, La Rosa T, Reslinger M, Guardia GDA, Mourtada J, Claret L, Joung A, Galante PAF, Penalva LOF, Plateroti M. Impact of the thyroid hormone T3 and its nuclear receptor TRα1 on colon cancer stem cell phenotypes and response to chemotherapies. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:306. [PMID: 38693105 PMCID: PMC11063186 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are highly heterogeneous and show a hierarchical organization, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) responsible for tumor development, maintenance, and drug resistance. Our previous studies showed the importance of thyroid hormone-dependent signaling on intestinal tumor development and progression through action on stem cells. These results have a translational value, given that the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 is upregulated in human CRCs, including in the molecular subtypes associated with CSC features. We used an established spheroid model generated from the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco2 to study the effects of T3 and TRα1 on spheroid formation, growth, and response to conventional chemotherapies. Our results show that T3 treatment and/or increased TRα1 expression in spheroids impaired the response to FOLFIRI and conferred a survival advantage. This was achieved by stimulating drug detoxification pathways and increasing ALDH1A1-expressing cells, including CSCs, within spheroids. These results suggest that clinical evaluation of the thyroid axis and assessing TRα1 levels in CRCs could help to select optimal therapeutic regimens for patients with CRC. Proposed mechanism of action of T3/TRα1 in colon cancer spheroids. In the control condition, TRα1 participates in maintaining homeostatic cell conditions. The presence of T3 in the culture medium activates TRα1 action on target genes, including the drug efflux pumps ABCG2 and ABCB1. In the case of chemotherapy FOLFIRI, the increased expression of ABC transcripts and proteins induced by T3 treatment is responsible for the augmented efflux of 5-FU and Irinotecan from the cancer cells. Taken together, these mechanisms contribute to the decreased efficacy of the chemotherapy and allow cells to escape the treatment. Created with BioRender.com .
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha/metabolism
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha/genetics
- Caco-2 Cells
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Triiodothyronine/pharmacology
- Leucovorin/pharmacology
- Leucovorin/therapeutic use
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Phenotype
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family/metabolism
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Avenue Hippocrate 57, B1.57.04, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serguei Bodoirat
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Theo La Rosa
- Stem-Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 INSERM, USC1361 INRA, 69675, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Reslinger
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Jana Mourtada
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Leo Claret
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Alain Joung
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz O F Penalva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cavallo MR, Yo JC, Gallant KC, Cunanan CJ, Amirfallah A, Daniali M, Sanders AB, Aplin AE, Pribitkin EA, Hartsough EJ. Mcl-1 mediates intrinsic resistance to RAF inhibitors in mutant BRAF papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:175. [PMID: 38622136 PMCID: PMC11018618 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent form of thyroid cancer. PTC commonly presents with mutations of the serine/threonine kinase BRAF (BRAFV600E), which drive ERK1/2 pathway activation to support growth and suppress apoptosis. PTC patients often undergo surgical resection; however, since the average age of PTC patients is under 50, adverse effects associated with prolonged maintenance therapy following total thyroidectomy are a concern. The development of mutant-selective BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), like vemurafenib, has been efficacious in patients with metastatic melanoma, but the response rate is low for mutant BRAF PTC patients. Here, we assay the therapeutic response of BRAFi in a panel of human PTC cell lines and freshly biopsied patient samples. We observed heterogeneous responses to BRAFi, and multi-omic comparisons between susceptible and resistant mutant BRAF PTC revealed overrepresented stress response pathways and the absence of compensatory RTK activation - features that may underpin innate resistance. Importantly, resistant cell lines and patient samples had increased hallmarks of failed apoptosis; a cellular state defined by sublethal caspase activation and DNA damage. Further analysis suggests that the failed apoptotic phenotypes may have features of "minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP)" - a stress-related response characterized by fragmented and porous mitochondria known to contribute to cancer aggressiveness. We found that cells presenting with minority MOMP-like phenotypes are dependent on the apoptotic regulator, Mcl-1, as treatment with the Mcl-1 inhibitor, AZD5991, potently induced cell death in resistant cells. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT inhibitors sensitized resistant cells to BRAFi; an effect that was at least in part associated with reduced Mcl-1 levels. Together, these data implicate minority MOMP as a mechanism associated with intrinsic drug resistance and underscore the benefits of targeting Mcl-1 in mutant BRAF PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Cavallo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jacob C Yo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kayla C Gallant
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Camille J Cunanan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Amirali Amirfallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Marzieh Daniali
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Alyssa B Sanders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edmund A Pribitkin
- Departments of Otolargynology-Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edward J Hartsough
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bablis P, Day RR, Bablis S, Pollard H. Treatment of Hypothyroidism and Stress Using Neuro-Emotional Technique (NET): A Case Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58231. [PMID: 38745794 PMCID: PMC11092426 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is generally considered an autoimmune condition, and typical medical management involves taking levothyroxine (synthetic thyroid hormone) for life. This case report details the results of a mind-body intervention (MBI) called the Neuro-Emotional Technique (NET) used to treat a 28-year-old Caucasian female presenting with symptoms and bloodwork markers associated with two years of hypothyroidism and a long history of stress. The patient's medical doctor provided a diagnosis of hypothyroidism after blood tests showed that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were high at 6.87 mIU/L (where the acceptable range is 0.40-3.50 mIU/L) and free T4 (FT4) levels were low at 8.6 pmol/L (where the acceptable range is 9.0-19.0 pmol/L). Psychometric tests were completed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment to evaluate changes in mental health and emotional well-being. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q) revealed a high degree of childhood trauma that may have predisposed to the underlying autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. At the conclusion of the treatment period, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 were within normal ranges and psychometric indicators normalized. We hypothesize that these changes may be due to the stress-reducing mechanism of NET and outline possible mechanisms via the Psycho-Immune-Neuroendocrine (PINE) network. The PINE network model asserts that chronic stress acts as a potential driver of pathophysiology that can lead to one or more medical and mental health conditions. While further studies with larger sample sizes are required to establish whether these results could be extrapolated to a wider population, the results of this case suggest that it may be pertinent to consider co-management of subclinical hypothyroidism with a relatively quick and cost-effective MBI such as NET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bablis
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, University Research Institute, Athens, GRC
- Department of Integrative and Complementary Medicine, Universal Health, Sydney, AUS
| | - Ryan R Day
- Department of Chiropractic, Universal Health, Sydney, AUS
| | - Sophia Bablis
- Department of Psychology, Universal Health, Sydney, AUS
| | - Henry Pollard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, ZAF
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asbaghi O, Shimi G, Davoodi SH, Pourvali K, Eslamian G, Zand H. Thyroid Hormones Imbalances and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:105-117. [PMID: 37898961 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE No conclusive information is available about the association between hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We therefore aimed to summarize the findings of observational studies on the relation between hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and risk of CRC. METHODS A literature search was conducted using relevant keywords in online databases for appropriate publications through July 2023. Random effects model was used to calculate combined effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate relationship between hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and CRC risk. RESULTS Totally, we included 13 studies in the current systematic review and meta-analysis, with a total sample size of 33,557,450 individuals and 25,363 cases of CRC. Pooling 13 effect sizes revealed no significant association between hypothyroidism and risk of CRC (combined effect size: 1.13, 95% CI 0.87-1.48, P = 0.343). There was also no significant association between hyperthyroidism and risk of CRC (combined effect size: 1.09, 95% CI 0.75-1.57, P = 0.638). Additionally, there were significant associations between hypothyroidism and risk of CRC in the Far Eastern studies, between hyperthyroidism and risk of CRC in the Middle East, along with small sample size studies. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis did not reveal any association between hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and risk of CRC. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022331089.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Shimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Pourvali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Eslamian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Zand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garajová I, Comandatore A, Boyd L, Ali M, Gelsomino F, de Lorenzo S, Pedrazzi G, Spallanzani A, Martinelli G, Balsano R, Leonardi F, Palmeri M, Kazemier G, Di Franco G, Guadagni S, Furbetta N, Gentiluomo M, Ramacciotti N, Di Candio G, Giovannetti E, Morelli L. Association of hypothyroidism with survival in pancreatic cancer: retrospective cohort study. BJS Open 2024; 8:zrad119. [PMID: 38195161 PMCID: PMC10776351 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garajová
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Comandatore
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenka Boyd
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahsoem Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pedrazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallanzani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Rita Balsano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Palmeri
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorio Di Franco
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Guadagni
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Furbetta
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Ramacciotti
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Di Candio
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong CM, Son J, Hyun MK, Lee JW, Lee J. Second Primary Malignancy After Radioiodine Therapy in Thyroid Cancer Patient: A Nationwide Study. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 57:275-286. [PMID: 37982105 PMCID: PMC10654320 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-023-00818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the risk of second primary malignancy after radioiodine (RAI) therapy in patients with thyroid cancer, using the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Methods We extracted data from the NHIS database of South Korea, which covers the entire population of the nation. Risk of second primary malignancy in the thyroid cancer patients who received RAI therapy were compared with the thyroid cancer patients who received surgery only. Results Between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018, we identified 363,155 patients who underwent thyroid surgery due to thyroid cancer for analysis. The surgery only cohort was 215,481, and the RAI cohort was 147,674 patients. A total of 19,385 patients developed second primary malignancy (solid cancer, 18,285; hematologic cancer, 1,100). There was no significant increase in the risk of second primary malignancy in patients who received a total cumulative dose of 100 mCi or less (hazard ratio [HR], 1.013; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.979-1.049). However, a statistically significant increase in the risk of second primary malignancy was observed in patients who received 101-200 mCi (HR, 1.214; 95% CI, 1.167-1.264), 201-300 mCi (HR, 1.422; 95% CI, 1.258-1.607), and > 300 mCi (HR, 1.693; 95% CI, 1.545-1.854). Conclusion Total cumulative doses of 100 mCi or less of RAI can be safely administered without concerns about second primary malignancy. However, the risk of second primary malignancy increases in a dose-dependent manner, and the risk-benefit needs to be considered for doses over 100 mCi of RAI therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-Ro, Jung-Gu, 41944 Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Junik Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Won Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-Ro, Jung-Gu, 41944 Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmed F, Yang YJ, Samantasinghar A, Kim YW, Ko JB, Choi KH. Network-based drug repurposing for HPV-associated cervical cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5186-5200. [PMID: 37920815 PMCID: PMC10618120 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In women, cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer around the world with average cases of 604,000 and 342,000 deaths per year. Approximately 50% of high-grade CC are attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. Chances of CC in HPV-positive patients are 6 times more than HPV-negative patients which demands timely and effective treatment. Repurposing of drugs is considered a viable approach to drug discovery which makes use of existing drugs, thus potentially reducing the time and costs associated with de-novo drug discovery. In this study, we present an integrative drug repurposing framework based on a systems biology-enabled network medicine platform. First, we built an HPV-induced CC protein interaction network named HPV2C following the CC signatures defined by the omics dataset, obtained from GEO database. Second, the drug target interaction (DTI) data obtained from DrugBank, and related databases was used to model the DTI network followed by drug target network proximity analysis of HPV-host associated key targets and DTIs in the human protein interactome. This analysis identified 142 potential anti-HPV repurposable drugs to target HPV induced CC pathways. Third, as per the literature survey 51 of the predicted drugs are already used for CC and 33 of the remaining drugs have anti-viral activity. Gene set enrichment analysis of potential drugs in drug-gene signatures and in HPV-induced CC-specific transcriptomic data in human cell lines additionally validated the predictions. Finally, 13 drug combinations were found using a network based on overlapping exposure. To summarize, the study provides effective network-based technique to quickly identify suitable repurposable drugs and drug combinations that target HPV-associated CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ahmed
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Yang
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si 63243, South Korea
| | | | - Young Woo Kim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si 63243, South Korea
| | - Jeong Beom Ko
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si 63243, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
FT3 to FT4 Conversion Ratio May Be an Independent Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010077. [PMID: 36672585 PMCID: PMC9856112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that T4 can promote tumor growth while T3 can act conversely; therefore, the fT3 and fT4 concentrations should affect overall survival (OS) in cancer patients. The objective of the study was to look for an association between thyroid hormone concentrations in peripheral blood and OS in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients group. We included, retrospectively, 15 PDAC patients, without thyroid dysfunction under treatment, who underwent radical surgery, with no prior history of anticancer therapy. TSH, fT3, and fT4 concentrations were determined in blood samples taken preoperatively. We found that the fT3/fT4 ratio categorized into two groups (<0.22 vs. ≥0.22) dichotomized the study population into poor and good prognosis subgroups (log-rank p = 0.03; OS medians, respectively: 3 and 14 months), being a statistically significant predictor both in uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis. We conclude that the importance of fT4 into fT3 conversion means not just its standard metabolic effects as the final products of thyroid gland activity. We hypothesize that it is linked to the progression of pancreatic malignancies, either via thyroid hormone receptors or indirectly, by interaction with cancer cells product.
Collapse
|
9
|
V Deligiorgi M, T Trafalis D. Refining personalized diagnosis, treatment and exploitation of hypothyroidism related to solid nonthyroid cancer. Per Med 2022; 20:87-105. [DOI: 10.2217/pme-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism in the setting of cancer is a puzzling entity due to the dual role of the thyroid hormones (TH) in cancer – promoting versus inhibitory – and the complexity of the hypothyroidism itself. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the personalized approach to hypothyroidism in patients with solid nonthyroid cancer, focusing on current challenges, unmet needs and future perspectives. Major electronic databases were searched from January 2011 until March 2022. The milestones of the refinement of such a personalized approach are prompt diagnosis, proper TH replacement and development of interventions and/or pharmaceutical agents to exploit hypothyroidism or, on the contrary, TH replacement as an anticancer strategy. Further elucidation of the dual role of TH in cancer – especially of the interference of TH signaling with the hallmarks of cancer – is anticipated to inform decision-making and optimize patient selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Deligiorgi
- Department of Pharmacology – Clinical Pharmacology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Building 16, 1st Floor, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Department of Pharmacology – Clinical Pharmacology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Building 16, 1st Floor, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deligiorgi MV, Trafalis DT. The Clinical Relevance of Hypothyroidism in Patients with Solid Non-Thyroid Cancer: A Tantalizing Conundrum. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123417. [PMID: 35743483 PMCID: PMC9224934 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism in patients with solid non-thyroid cancer is a tantalizing entity, integrating an intriguing thyroid hormones (THs)–cancer association with the complexity of hypothyroidism itself. The present narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical relevance of hypothyroidism in solid non-thyroid cancer. Hypothyroidism in patients with solid non-thyroid cancer is reminiscent of hypothyroidism in the general population, yet also poses distinct challenges due to the dual role of THs in cancer: promoting versus inhibitory. Close collaboration between oncologists and endocrinologists will enable the prompt and personalized diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in patients with solid non-thyroid cancer. Clinical data indicate that hypothyroidism is a predictor of a decreased or increased risk of solid non-thyroid cancer and is a prognostic factor of favorable or unfavorable prognosis in solid non-thyroid cancer. However, the impact of hypothyroidism with respect to the risk and/or prognosis of solid non-thyroid cancer is not a consistent finding. To harness hypothyroidism, or THs replacement, as a personalized anticancer strategy for solid non-thyroid cancer, four prerequisites need to be fulfilled, namely: (i) deciphering the dual THs actions in cancer; (ii) identifying interventions in THs status and developing agents that block tumor-promoting THs actions and/or mimic anticancer THs actions; (iii) appropriate patient selection; and (iv) counteracting current methodological limitations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Garajová I, Balsano R, Coriano’ M, Gelsomino F, Tovoli F, De Lorenzo S, Del Rio P, Dalla Valle R, Ravaioli M, Leonardi F. Should patients on levothyroxine therapy be screened for pancreatic cancer? ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022268. [PMID: 36533763 PMCID: PMC9828906 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i6.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease with increasing incidence. Thyroid hormones play different roles in development and physiological processes of the entire digestive system, including pancreas. Therefore, many have hypothesized that thyroid hormone supplementation for hypothyroidism disorders might increase the risk of malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted retrospective observational mono-centre study. The aim was to examine the prevalence of thyroid disorders among patients with pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we investigated the impact of thyroid hormone supplementation in pancreatic cancer patients' outcome and the correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS A total of 92 consecutive pancreatic cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed: 18.5% patients had a history of hypothyroidism and all received a replacement hormone therapy with levothyroxine, in particular 20% in metastatic group and 11% in radically resected PDAC patients' group. Nor in radically resected neither in metastatic group, we did not observe any statistically significant difference in outcome between the group with or without thyroid disorders. On multivariate analyses, cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that only the presence of perineural invasion was associated with a significantly higher hazard ratio for overall survival in metastatic PDAC patients (HR=2.7; 95%CI=1.029-6.925; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS We observed higher prevalence of thyroid disorders in PDAC patients. Further studies are warranted to explore the impact of levothyroxine therapy on outcome in PDAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garajová
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rita Balsano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matilde Coriano’
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Tovoli
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Del Rio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ravaioli
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu CC, Islam MM, Nguyen PA, Poly TN, Wang CH, Iqbal U, Li YCJ, Yang HC. Risk of cancer in long-term levothyroxine users: Retrospective population-based study. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2533-2541. [PMID: 33793038 PMCID: PMC8177794 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Levothyroxine is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of an underactive thyroid. The relationship between levothyroxine use and cancer risk is largely underdetermined. To investigate the magnitude of the possible association between levothyroxine use and cancer risk, this retrospective case‐control study was conducted using Taiwan’s Health and Welfare Data Science Center database. Cases were defined as all patients who were aged ≥20 years and had a first‐time diagnosis for cancer at any site for the period between 2001 and 2011. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) to reduce potential confounding factors. A total of 601 733 cases and 2 406 932 controls were included in the current study. Levothyroxine users showed a 50% higher risk of cancer at any site (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.46‐1.54; P < .0001) compared with non–users. Significant increased risks were also observed for brain cancer (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.48‐2.44; P < .0001), skin cancer (AOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17‐1.72; P < .0001), pancreatic cancer (AOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.60; P = .03), and female breast cancer (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.33; P < .0001). Our study results showed that levothyroxine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly brain, skin, pancreatic, and female breast cancers. Levothyroxine remains a highly effective therapy for hypothyroidism; therefore, physicians should carefully consider levothyroxine therapy and monitor patients’ condition to avoid negative outcomes. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate the potential biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Information and Management, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Md Mohaimenul Islam
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Big Data and Meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Phung-Anh Nguyen
- International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Information and Management, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tahmina Nasrin Poly
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Big Data and Meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Usman Iqbal
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Jack Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Big Data and Meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chia Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Big Data and Meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|