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Hushmandi K, Einollahi B, Saadat SH, Lee EHC, Farani MR, Okina E, Huh YS, Nabavi N, Salimimoghadam S, Kumar AP. Amino acid transporters within the solute carrier superfamily: Underappreciated proteins and novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101952. [PMID: 38705513 PMCID: PMC11112377 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier (SLC) transporters, a diverse family of membrane proteins, are instrumental in orchestrating the intake and efflux of nutrients including amino acids, vitamins, ions, nutrients, etc, across cell membranes. This dynamic process is critical for sustaining the metabolic demands of cancer cells, promoting their survival, proliferation, and adaptation to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Amino acids are fundamental building blocks of cells and play essential roles in protein synthesis, nutrient sensing, and oncogenic signaling pathways. As key transporters of amino acids, SLCs have emerged as crucial players in maintaining cellular amino acid homeostasis, and their dysregulation is implicated in various cancer types. Thus, understanding the intricate connections between amino acids, SLCs, and cancer is pivotal for unraveling novel therapeutic targets and strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we delve into the significant impact of amino acid carriers of the SLCs family on the growth and progression of cancer and explore the current state of knowledge in this field, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships and highlighting potential avenues for future research and clinical interventions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Amino acids transportation by SLCs plays a critical role in tumor progression. However, some studies revealed the tumor suppressor function of SLCs. Although several studies evaluated the function of SLC7A11 and SLC1A5, the role of some SLC proteins in cancer is not studied well. To exert their functions, SLCs mediate metabolic rewiring, regulate the maintenance of redox balance, affect main oncogenic pathways, regulate amino acids bioavailability within the TME, and alter the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapeutics. However, different therapeutic methods that prevent the function of SLCs were able to inhibit tumor progression. This comprehensive review provides insights into a rapidly evolving area of cancer biology by focusing on amino acids and their transporters within the SLC superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Hushmandi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Hui Clarissa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Saito S, Ando K, Sakamoto S, Xu M, Yamada Y, Rii J, Kanaoka S, Wei J, Zhao X, Pae S, Kanesaka M, Goto Y, Sazuka T, Imamura Y, Reien Y, Hamaguchi-Suzuki N, Saito S, Hirayama Y, Hashimoto H, Kanai Y, Ichikawa T, Anzai N. The LAT1 inhibitor JPH203 suppresses the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer through a CD24-mediated mechanism. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38655663 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is specifically expressed in many malignancies, contributes to the transport of essential amino acids, such as leucine, and regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. We investigated the expression profile and functional role of LAT1 in prostate cancer using JPH203, a specific inhibitor of LAT1. LAT1 was highly expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells, including C4-2 and PC-3 cells, but its expression level was low in castration-sensitive LNCaP cells. JPH203 significantly inhibited [14C] leucine uptake in CRPC cells but had no effect in LNCaP cells. JPH203 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRPC cells but not of LNCaP cells. In C4-2 cells, Cluster of differentiation (CD) 24 was identified by RNA sequencing as a novel downstream target of JPH203. CD24 was downregulated in a JPH203 concentration-dependent manner and suppressed activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, an in vivo study showed that JPH203 inhibited the proliferation of C4-2 cells in a castration environment. The results of this study indicate that JPH203 may exert its antitumor effect in CRPC cells via mTOR and CD24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ando
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Bio-System Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junryo Rii
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sanji Kanaoka
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jiaxing Wei
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sangjon Pae
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manato Kanesaka
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Sazuka
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshie Reien
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Shota Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Bio-System Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Rii J, Sakamoto S, Mizokami A, Xu M, Fujimoto A, Saito S, Koike H, Tamura T, Arai T, Yamada Y, Goto Y, Sazuka T, Imamura Y, Suzuki K, Kanai Y, Anzai N, Ichikawa T. L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor JPH203 prevents the growth of cabazitaxel-resistant prostate cancer by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:937-953. [PMID: 38186218 PMCID: PMC10920979 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) is an amino acid transporter expressed in various carcinomas, and it is postulated to play an important role in the proliferation of cancer cells through the uptake of essential amino acids. Cabazitaxel is a widely used anticancer drug for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, its effectiveness is lost when cancer cells acquire drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the expression of LAT1 and the effects of a LAT1-specific inhibitor, JPH203, in cabazitaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. LAT1 was more highly expressed in the cabazitaxel-resistant strains than in the normal strains. Administration of JPH203 inhibited the growth, migration, and invasive ability of cabazitaxel-resistant strains in vitro. Phosphoproteomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to comprehensively investigate changes in phosphorylation due to JPH203 administration revealed that cell cycle-related pathways were affected by JPH203, and that JPH203 significantly reduced the kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2. Moreover, JPH203 inhibited the proliferation of cabazitaxel-resistant cells in vivo. Taken together, the present study results suggest that LAT1 might be a valuable therapeutic target in cabazitaxel-resistant prostate cancer.
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Grants
- #20K09555 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- #20H03813 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- #20K09572 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- #20K18087 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Junryo Rii
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Bio‐System PharmacologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Ayumi Fujimoto
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Shinpei Saito
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of PharmacologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Hidekazu Koike
- Department of UrologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Takaaki Tamura
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Tomokazu Sazuka
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Department of UrologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Bio‐System PharmacologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of PharmacologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
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4
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Xia R, Peng HF, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Comprehensive review of amino acid transporters as therapeutic targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129646. [PMID: 38272411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) family, with more than 400 membrane-bound proteins, facilitates the transport of a wide array of substrates such as nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across biological membranes. Amino acid transporters (AATs) are membrane transport proteins that mediate transfer of amino acids into and out of cells or cellular organelles. AATs participate in many important physiological functions including nutrient supply, metabolic transformation, energy homeostasis, redox regulation, and neurological regulation. Several AATs have been found to significantly impact the progression of human malignancies, and dysregulation of AATs results in metabolic reprogramming affecting tumor growth and progression. However, current clinical therapies that directly target AATs have not been developed. The purpose of this review is to highlight the structural and functional diversity of AATs, the molecular mechanisms in human diseases such as tumors, kidney diseases, and emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting AATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hai-Feng Peng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China.
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Zhang B, Chen Y, Chen X, Ren Z, Xiang H, Mao L, Zhu G. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies ESPL1 limits the response of gastric cancer cells to apatinib. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:83. [PMID: 38402402 PMCID: PMC10893712 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Apatinib was the first anti-angiogenic agent approved for treatment of metastatic gastric cancer (GC). However, the emergence of resistance was inevitable. Thus investigating new and valuable off-target effect of apatinib directly against cancer cells is of great significance. Here, we identified extra spindle pole bodies-like 1 (ESPL1) was responsible for apatinib resistance in GC cells through CRISPR genome-wide gain-of-function screening. Loss of function studies further showed that ESPL1 inhibition suppressed cell proliferation, migration and promoted apoptosis in vitro, and accordingly ESPL1 knockdown sensitized GC cells to apatinib. In addition, we found ESPL1 interacted with mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), a E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, and the combination of MDM2 siRNA with apatinib synergistically ameliorated the resistance induced by ESPL1 overexpression. In summary, our study indicated that ESPL1 played a critical role in apatinib resistance in GC cells. Inhibition of MDM2 could rescue the sensitivity of GC cells to apatinib and reverse ESPL1-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Institute of Gerontology, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Affairs of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinqi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhiyao Ren
- Institute of Gerontology, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Affairs of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Departments of Oncology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Mao
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Institute of Gerontology, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Affairs of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
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Balraj AS, Muthamilselvan S, Raja R, Palaniappan A. PRADclass: Hybrid Gleason Grade-Informed Computational Strategy Identifies Consensus Biomarker Features Predictive of Aggressive Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338231222389. [PMID: 38226611 PMCID: PMC10793196 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231222389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a common cancer diagnosis among men globally, yet large gaps in our knowledge persist with respect to the molecular bases of its progression and aggression. It is mostly indolent and slow-growing, but aggressive prostate cancers need to be recognized early for optimising treatment, with a view to reducing mortality. METHODS Based on TCGA transcriptomic data pertaining to PRAD and the associated clinical metadata, we determined the sample Gleason grade, and used it to execute: (i) Gleason-grade wise linear modeling, followed by five contrasts against controls and ten contrasts between grades; and (ii) Gleason-grade wise network modeling via weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Candidate biomarkers were obtained from the above analysis and the consensus found. The consensus biomarkers were used as the feature space to train ML models for classifying a sample as benign, indolent or aggressive. RESULTS The statistical modeling yielded 77 Gleason grade-salient genes while the WGCNA algorithm yielded 1003 trait-specific key genes in grade-wise significant modules. Consensus analysis of the two approaches identified two genes in Grade-1 (SLC43A1 and PHGR1), 26 genes in Grade-4 (including LOC100128675, PPP1R3C, NECAB1, UBXN10, SERPINA5, CLU, RASL12, DGKG, FHL1, NCAM1, and CEND1), and seven genes in Grade-5 (CBX2, DPYS, FAM72B, SHCBP1, TMEM132A, TPX2, UBE2C). A RandomForest model trained and optimized on these 35 biomarkers for the ternary classification problem yielded a balanced accuracy ∼ 86% on external validation. CONCLUSIONS The consensus of multiple parallel computational strategies has unmasked candidate Gleason grade-specific biomarkers. PRADclass, a validated AI model featurizing these biomarkers achieved good performance, and could be trialed to predict the differentiation of prostate cancers. PRADclass is available for academic use at: https://apalania.shinyapps.io/pradclass (online) and https://github.com/apalania/pradclass (command-line interface).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stanley Balraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sangeetha Muthamilselvan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rachanaa Raja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, UCE, Anna University (BIT campus), Trichy, India
| | - Ashok Palaniappan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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Mehmood A, Song S, Du X, Yan H, Wang X, Guo L, Li B. mRNA expression profile reveals differentially expressed genes in splenocytes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:247-257. [PMID: 37427716 PMCID: PMC10500171 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model that can be used to investigate aetiology, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches for multiple sclerosis (MS). A novel integrated bioinformatics approach was used to understand the involvement of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spleen of EAE mice through data mining of existing microarray and RNA-seq datasets. We screened differentially expressed mRNAs using mRNA expression profile data of EAE spleens taken from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Subsequently, the DEGs-encoded protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The 784 DEGs in GSE99300 A.SW PP-EAE mice spleen mRNA profiles, 859 DEGs in GSE151701 EAE mice spleen mRNA profiles, and 646 DEGs in GSE99300 SJL/J PP-EAE mice spleen mRNA profiles were explored. Functional enrichment of 55 common DEGs among 3 sub-datasets revealed several immune-related terms, such as neutrophil extravasation, leucocyte migration, antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by an antimicrobial peptide, toll-like receptor 4 bindings, IL-17 signalling pathway, and TGF-beta signalling pathway. In the screening of 10 hub genes, including MPO, ELANE, CTSG, LTF, LCN2, SELP, CAMP, S100A9, ITGA2B, and PRTN3, and in choosing and validating the 5 DEGs, including ANK1, MBOAT2, SLC25A21, SLC43A1, and SOX6, the results showed that SLC43A1 and SOX6 were significantly decreased in EAE mice spleen. Thus this study offers a list of genes expressed in the spleen that might play a key role in the pathogenesis of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xiaochen Du
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Hongjing Yan
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Li Guo
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Bin Li
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuangHebeiChina
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Zheng QM, Zhou ZR, Hou XY, Lv N, Zhang YQ, Cao H. Transcriptome Analysis of the Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex in a Chronic Constriction Injury Model. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:375-387. [PMID: 36971954 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for both the sensory and emotional/cognitive components of pain. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we examined changes in the transcriptomic profiles in the mPFC of mice with chronic pain using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. A mouse model of peripheral neuropathic pain was established via chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. CCI mice developed sustained mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, as well as cognitive impairment four weeks after surgery. RNA-seq was conducted 4 weeks after CCI surgery. Compared with contral group, RNA-seq identified a total 309 and 222 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ipsilateral and contralateral mPFC of CCI model mice, respectively. GO analysis indicated that the functions of these genes were mainly enriched in immune- and inflammation-related processes such as interferon-gamma production and cytokine secretion. KEGG analysis further showed the enrichment of genes involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway and Parkinson disease pathway that have been reported to be importantly involved in chronic neuralgia and cognitive dysfunction. Our study may provide insights into the possible mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and pain-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Min Zheng
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Rui Zhou
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Hou
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Ota H, Sato H, Mizumoto S, Wakai K, Yoneda K, Yamamoto K, Nakanishi H, Ikeda JI, Sakamoto S, Ichikawa T, Yamada S, Takahashi S, Ikehara Y, Nishihara S. Switching mechanism from AR to EGFR signaling via 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11618. [PMID: 37463954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is given to suppress prostate cancer growth; however, some cells continue to grow hormone-independently as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Sulfated glycosaminoglycans promote ligand binding to receptors as co-receptors, but their role in CRPC remains unknown. Using the human prostate cancer cell line C4-2, which can proliferate in hormone-dependent and hormone-independent conditions, we found that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-activated EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling via 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (HS) produced by HS 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS3ST1) is activated in C4-2 cells under hormone depletion. Knockdown of HS3ST1 in C4-2 cells suppressed hormone-independent growth, and inhibited both EGF binding to the cell surface and activation of EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling. Gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, significantly suppressed C4-2 cell proliferation and growth of a xenografted C4-2 tumor in castrated mouse. Collectively, our study has revealed a mechanism by which cancer cells switch to hormone-independent growth and identified the key regulator as 3-O-sulfated HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ota
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sato
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken Wakai
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Yoneda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hayao Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Clinical Research, Aichi Cancer Center Aichi Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Glycan & Life System Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Lavoro A, Falzone L, Tomasello B, Conti GN, Libra M, Candido S. In silico analysis of the solute carrier (SLC) family in cancer indicates a link among DNA methylation, metabolic adaptation, drug response, and immune reactivity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1191262. [PMID: 37397501 PMCID: PMC10308049 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1191262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The oncogenic transformation is driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations influencing cancer cell fate. These alterations also result in metabolic reprogramming by modulating the expression of membrane Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters involved in biomolecules trafficking. SLCs act as tumor suppressors or promoters influencing cancer methylome, tumor growth, immune-escape, and chemoresistance. Methods: This in silico study aimed to identify the deregulated SLCs in various tumor types compared to normal tissues by analyzing the TCGA Target GTEx dataset. Furthermore, the relationship between SLCs expression and the most relevant tumor features was tackled along with their genetic regulation mediated by DNA methylation. Results: We identified 62 differentially expressed SLCs, including the downregulated SLC25A27 and SLC17A7, as well as the upregulated SLC27A2 and SLC12A8. Notably, SLC4A4 and SLC7A11 expression was associated with favorable and unfavorable outcome, respectively. Moreover, SLC6A14, SLC34A2, and SLC1A2 were linked to tumor immune responsiveness. Interestingly, SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 positively correlated with anti-MEK and anti-RAF sensitivity. The expression of relevant SLCs was correlated with hypo- and hyper-methylation of promoter and body region, showing an established DNA methylation pattern. Noteworthy, the positive association of cg06690548 (SLC7A11) methylation with cancer outcome suggests the independent predictive role of DNA methylation at a single nucleotide resolution. Discussion: Although our in silico overview revealed a wide heterogeneity depending on different SLCs functions and tumor types, we identified key SLCs and pointed out the role of DNA methylation as regulatory mechanism of their expression. Overall, these findings deserve further studies to identify novel cancer biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lavoro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolò Conti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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11
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Zhao X, Sakamoto S, Wei J, Pae S, Saito S, Sazuka T, Imamura Y, Anzai N, Ichikawa T. Contribution of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter Family in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076178. [PMID: 37047148 PMCID: PMC10094571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) family contains four members, LAT1~4, which are important amino acid transporters. They mainly transport specific amino acids through cell membranes, provide nutrients to cells, and are involved in a variety of metabolic pathways. They regulate the mTOR signaling pathway which has been found to be strongly linked to cancer in recent years. However, in the field of prostate cancer (PCa), the LAT family is still in the nascent stage of research, and the importance of LATs in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer is still unknown. Therefore, this article aims to report the role of LATs in prostate cancer and their clinical significance and application. LATs promote the progression of prostate cancer by increasing amino acid uptake, activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and downstream signals, mediating castration-resistance, promoting tumor angiogenesis, and enhancing chemotherapy resistance. The importance of LATs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer was emphasized and the latest research results were introduced. In addition, we introduced selective LAT1 inhibitors, including JPH203 and OKY034, which showed excellent inhibitory effects on the proliferation of various tumor cells. This is the future direction of amino acid transporter targeting therapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jiaxing Wei
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Sangjon Pae
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shinpei Saito
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Sazuka
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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12
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Samaržija I, Trošelj KG, Konjevoda P. Prognostic Significance of Amino Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Prostate Cancer Retrieved by Machine Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041309. [PMID: 36831650 PMCID: PMC9954451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the leading cancers according to both incidence and mortality. Due to the high molecular, morphological and clinical heterogeneity, the course of prostate cancer ranges from slow growth that usually does not require immediate therapeutic intervention to aggressive and fatal disease that spreads quickly. However, currently available biomarkers cannot precisely predict the course of a disease, and novel strategies are needed to guide prostate cancer management. Amino acids serve numerous roles in cancers, among which are energy production, building block reservoirs, maintenance of redox homeostasis, epigenetic regulation, immune system modulation and resistance to therapy. In this article, by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we found that the expression of amino acid metabolism-related genes is highly aberrant in prostate cancer, which holds potential to be exploited in biomarker design or in treatment strategies. This change in expression is especially evident for catabolism genes and transporters from the solute carrier family. Furthermore, by using recursive partitioning, we confirmed that the Gleason score is strongly prognostic for progression-free survival. However, the expression of the genes SERINC3 (phosphatidylserine and sphingolipids generation) and CSAD (hypotaurine generation) can refine prognosis for high and low Gleason scores, respectively. Therefore, our results hold potential for novel prostate cancer progression biomarkers.
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13
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Targeting L-type amino acid transporter 1 in urological malignancy: Current status and future perspective. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:251-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Dragic D, Chang SL, Ennour-Idrissi K, Durocher F, Severi G, Diorio C. Association between alcohol consumption and DNA methylation in blood: a systematic review of observational studies. Epigenomics 2022; 14:793-810. [PMID: 35762294 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We systematically reviewed and evaluated current literature on alcohol consumption and DNA methylation (DNAm) at the genome-wide and probe-wise level in blood of adults. Materials & methods: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycInfo) were searched until 20 December 2020. Studies assessing the effect of alcohol dependence on DNAm were not eligible. Results: 11 cross-sectional studies were included with 88 to 9643 participants. Overall, all studies had a risk of bias criteria unclear or unmet. Epigenome-wide association studies identified between 0 and 5458 differentially methylated positions, and 15 were observed in at least four studies. Conclusion: Potential methylation markers for alcohol consumption have been identified, but further validation in large cohorts is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzevka Dragic
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology division, Quebec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP U1018, "Exposome & Heredity" team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Sue-Ling Chang
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology division, Quebec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology division, Quebec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology division, Quebec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP U1018, "Exposome & Heredity" team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94807, France.,Department of Statistics, Computer Science & Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology division, Quebec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.,Deschênes-Fabia Center for Breast Diseases, Saint-Sacrement Hospital, Quebec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada
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15
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Zhao X, Sakamoto S, Maimaiti M, Anzai N, Ichikawa T. Contribution of LAT1-4F2hc in Urological Cancers via Toll-like Receptor and Other Vital Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010229. [PMID: 35008399 PMCID: PMC8750950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary LAT1-4F2hc complex is an important amino acid transporter. It mainly transports specific amino acids through the cell membrane, provides nutrition for cells, and participates in a variety of metabolic pathways. LAT1 plays a role in transporting essential amino acids including leucine, which regulates the mTOR signaling pathway. However, the importance of SLCs is still not well known in the field of urological cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to report the role of the LAT1-4F2hc complex in urological cancers, as well as their clinical significance and application. Moreover, the inhibitor of LAT1-4F2hc complex is a promising direction as a targeted therapy to improve the treatment and prognosis of urological cancers. Abstract Tumor cells are known for their ability to proliferate. Nutrients are essential for rapidly growing tumor cells. In particular, essential amino acids are essential for tumor cell growth. Tumor cell growth nutrition requires the regulation of membrane transport proteins. Nutritional processes require amino acid uptake across the cell membrane. Leucine, one of the essential amino acids, has recently been found to be closely associated with cancer, which activate mTOR signaling pathway. The transport of leucine into cells requires an L-type amino acid transporter protein 1, LAT1 (SLC7A5), which requires the 4F2 cell surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc, SLC3A2) to form a heterodimeric amino acid transporter protein complex. Recent evidence identified 4F2hc as a specific downstream target of the androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7). We stressed the importance of the LAT1-4F2hc complex as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in urological cancers in this review, which covered the recent achievements in research on the involvement of the LAT1-4F2hc complex in urinary system tumors. In addition, JPH203, which is a selective LAT1 inhibitor, has shown excellent inhibitory effects on the proliferation in a variety of tumor cells. The current phase I clinical trials of JPH203 in patients with biliary tract cancer have also achieved good results, which is the future research direction for LAT1 targeted therapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (X.Z.); (T.I.)
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (X.Z.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-226-2134; Fax: +81-43-226-2136
| | - Maihulan Maimaiti
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (X.Z.); (T.I.)
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16
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Hayashi K, Anzai N. L-type amino acid transporter 1 as a target for inflammatory disease and cancer immunotherapy. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 148:31-40. [PMID: 34924127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of amino acids is fundamental for cellular activity. Amino acids are important components for protein synthesis but are also crucial for intracellular metabolic reactions and signal transduction. Following activation, immune cells induce metabolic reprogramming to generate adequate energy and constitutive substances. Hence, the delivery of amino acids by transporters is necessary for the progression of metabolic rewiring. In this review, we discuss how amino acids and their transporters regulate immune cell functions, with emphasis on LAT1, a transporter of large neutral amino acids. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of targeting amino acid transporters to improve immune disorders and cancer immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan.
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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17
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Rii J, Sakamoto S, Sugiura M, Kanesaka M, Fujimoto A, Yamada Y, Maimaiti M, Ando K, Wakai K, Xu M, Imamura Y, Shindo N, Hirota T, Kaneda A, Kanai Y, Ikehara Y, Anzai N, Ichikawa T. Functional analysis of LAT3 in prostate cancer: Its downstream target and relationship with androgen receptor. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3871-3883. [PMID: 34050700 PMCID: PMC8409400 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
L‐type amino acid transporter 3 (LAT3, SLC43A1) is abundantly expressed in prostate cancer (PC) and is thought to play an essential role in PC progression through the cellular uptake of essential amino acids. Here, we analyzed the expression, function, and downstream target of LAT3 in PC. LAT3 was highly expressed in PC cells expressing androgen receptor (AR), and its expression was increased by dihydrotestosterone treatment and decreased by bicalutamide treatment. In chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of AR, binding of AR to the SLC43A1 region was increased by dihydrotestosterone stimulation. Knockdown of LAT3 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4EBP‐1. Separase (ESPL1) was identified as a downstream target of LAT3 by RNA sequencing analysis. In addition, immunostaining of prostatectomy specimens was performed. In the multivariate analysis, high expression of LAT3 was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio: 3.24; P = .0018). High LAT3 expression was correlated with the pathological T stage and a high International Society of Urological Pathology grade. In summary, our results suggest that LAT3 plays an important role in the progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junryo Rii
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manato Kanesaka
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumu Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maihulan Maimaiti
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ando
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Wakai
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norihisa Shindo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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