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Philpott JM, Freeberg AM, Park J, Lee K, Ricci CG, Hunt SR, Narasimamurthy R, Segal DH, Robles R, Cai Y, Tripathi S, McCammon JA, Virshup DM, Chiu JC, Lee C, Partch CL. PERIOD phosphorylation leads to feedback inhibition of CK1 activity to control circadian period. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1677-1692.e8. [PMID: 37207626 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PERIOD (PER) and Casein Kinase 1δ regulate circadian rhythms through a phosphoswitch that controls PER stability and repressive activity in the molecular clock. CK1δ phosphorylation of the familial advanced sleep phase (FASP) serine cluster embedded within the Casein Kinase 1 binding domain (CK1BD) of mammalian PER1/2 inhibits its activity on phosphodegrons to stabilize PER and extend circadian period. Here, we show that the phosphorylated FASP region (pFASP) of PER2 directly interacts with and inhibits CK1δ. Co-crystal structures in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations reveal how pFASP phosphoserines dock into conserved anion binding sites near the active site of CK1δ. Limiting phosphorylation of the FASP serine cluster reduces product inhibition, decreasing PER2 stability and shortening circadian period in human cells. We found that Drosophila PER also regulates CK1δ via feedback inhibition through the phosphorylated PER-Short domain, revealing a conserved mechanism by which PER phosphorylation near the CK1BD regulates CK1 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Philpott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Alfred M Freeberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Kwangjun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Clarisse G Ricci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sabrina R Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - David H Segal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rafael Robles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Yao Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - J Andrew McCammon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Choogon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Philpott JM, Narasimamurthy R, Ricci CG, Freeberg AM, Hunt SR, Yee LE, Pelofsky RS, Tripathi S, Virshup DM, Partch CL. Casein kinase 1 dynamics underlie substrate selectivity and the PER2 circadian phosphoswitch. eLife 2020; 9:e52343. [PMID: 32043967 PMCID: PMC7012598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational control of PERIOD stability by Casein Kinase 1δ and ε (CK1) plays a key regulatory role in metazoan circadian rhythms. Despite the deep evolutionary conservation of CK1 in eukaryotes, little is known about its regulation and the factors that influence substrate selectivity on functionally antagonistic sites in PERIOD that directly control circadian period. Here we describe a molecular switch involving a highly conserved anion binding site in CK1. This switch controls conformation of the kinase activation loop and determines which sites on mammalian PER2 are preferentially phosphorylated, thereby directly regulating PER2 stability. Integrated experimental and computational studies shed light on the allosteric linkage between two anion binding sites that dynamically regulate kinase activity. We show that period-altering kinase mutations from humans to Drosophila differentially modulate this activation loop switch to elicit predictable changes in PER2 stability, providing a foundation to understand and further manipulate CK1 regulation of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Philpott
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | | | - Clarisse G Ricci
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Alfred M Freeberg
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Sabrina R Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Lauren E Yee
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Rebecca S Pelofsky
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
- Center for Circadian BiologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
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Mutthamsetty V, Dahal GP, Wang Q, Viola RE. Development of bisubstrate analog inhibitors of aspartate
N
‐acetyltransferase, a critical brain enzyme. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 95:48-57. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Mutthamsetty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Toledo Toledo OH USA
| | - Gopal P. Dahal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Toledo Toledo OH USA
| | - Qinzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Toledo Toledo OH USA
| | - Ronald E. Viola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Toledo Toledo OH USA
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