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Wang Y, Narasimamurthy R, Qu M, Shi N, Guo H, Xue Y, Barker N. Circadian regulation of cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment during metastasis. Nat Cancer 2024; 5:546-556. [PMID: 38654103 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates daily rhythms of numerous physiological activities through tightly coordinated modulation of gene expression and biochemical functions. Circadian disruption is associated with enhanced tumor formation and metastasis via dysregulation of key biological processes and modulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their specialized microenvironment. Here, we review how the circadian clock influences CSCs and their local tumor niches in the context of different stages of tumor metastasis. Identifying circadian therapeutic targets could facilitate the development of new treatments that leverage circadian modulation to ablate tumor-resident CSCs, inhibit tumor metastasis and enhance response to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Qu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Nuolin Shi
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuezhen Xue
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nick Barker
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Philpott JM, Freeberg AM, Park J, Lee K, Ricci CG, Hunt SR, Narasimamurthy R, Segal DH, Robles R, Cai Y, Tripathi S, McCammon JA, Virshup DM, Chiu JC, Lee C, Partch CL. PERIOD phosphorylation leads to feedback inhibition of CK1 activity to control circadian period. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1677-1692.e8. [PMID: 37207626 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PERIOD (PER) and Casein Kinase 1δ regulate circadian rhythms through a phosphoswitch that controls PER stability and repressive activity in the molecular clock. CK1δ phosphorylation of the familial advanced sleep phase (FASP) serine cluster embedded within the Casein Kinase 1 binding domain (CK1BD) of mammalian PER1/2 inhibits its activity on phosphodegrons to stabilize PER and extend circadian period. Here, we show that the phosphorylated FASP region (pFASP) of PER2 directly interacts with and inhibits CK1δ. Co-crystal structures in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations reveal how pFASP phosphoserines dock into conserved anion binding sites near the active site of CK1δ. Limiting phosphorylation of the FASP serine cluster reduces product inhibition, decreasing PER2 stability and shortening circadian period in human cells. We found that Drosophila PER also regulates CK1δ via feedback inhibition through the phosphorylated PER-Short domain, revealing a conserved mechanism by which PER phosphorylation near the CK1BD regulates CK1 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Philpott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Alfred M Freeberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Kwangjun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Clarisse G Ricci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sabrina R Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - David H Segal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rafael Robles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Yao Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - J Andrew McCammon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Choogon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Narasimamurthy R, Virshup DM. The phosphorylation switch that regulates ticking of the circadian clock. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1133-1146. [PMID: 33545069 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In our 24/7 well-lit world, it's easy to skip or delay sleep to work, study, and play. However, our circadian rhythms are not easily fooled; the consequences of jet lag and shift work are many and severe, including metabolic, mood, and malignant disorders. The internal clock that keeps track of time has at its heart the reversible phosphorylation of the PERIOD proteins, regulated by isoforms of casein kinase 1 (CK1). In-depth biochemical, genetic, and structural studies of these kinases, their mutants, and their splice variants have combined over the past several years to provide a robust understanding of how the core clock is regulated by a phosphoswitch whereby phosphorylation of a stabilizing site on PER blocks phosphorylation of a distant phosphodegron. The recent structure of a circadian mutant form of CK1 implicates an internal activation loop switch that regulates this phosphoswitch and points to new approaches to regulation of the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Philpott JM, Narasimamurthy R, Ricci CG, Freeberg AM, Hunt SR, Yee LE, Pelofsky RS, Tripathi S, Virshup DM, Partch CL. Casein kinase 1 dynamics underlie substrate selectivity and the PER2 circadian phosphoswitch. eLife 2020; 9:e52343. [PMID: 32043967 PMCID: PMC7012598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational control of PERIOD stability by Casein Kinase 1δ and ε (CK1) plays a key regulatory role in metazoan circadian rhythms. Despite the deep evolutionary conservation of CK1 in eukaryotes, little is known about its regulation and the factors that influence substrate selectivity on functionally antagonistic sites in PERIOD that directly control circadian period. Here we describe a molecular switch involving a highly conserved anion binding site in CK1. This switch controls conformation of the kinase activation loop and determines which sites on mammalian PER2 are preferentially phosphorylated, thereby directly regulating PER2 stability. Integrated experimental and computational studies shed light on the allosteric linkage between two anion binding sites that dynamically regulate kinase activity. We show that period-altering kinase mutations from humans to Drosophila differentially modulate this activation loop switch to elicit predictable changes in PER2 stability, providing a foundation to understand and further manipulate CK1 regulation of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Philpott
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | | | - Clarisse G Ricci
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Alfred M Freeberg
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Sabrina R Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Lauren E Yee
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Rebecca S Pelofsky
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
- Center for Circadian BiologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
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Ricci CG, Philpott JM, Narasimamurthy R, Freeberg AM, Hunt SR, Yee LE, Pelofsky RS, Tripathi S, Virshup DM, Partch CL. Free Energy Landscape of Casein Kinase Delta and its Implications for Circadian Rhythm. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Circadian clocks signal and adapt to an ever-changing world by juggling a panoply of transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Gustafson et al. (2017) report an additional requirement for accurate timekeeping, a cis/trans conformational flicker in the transcriptional activation domain of the core clock protein BMAL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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Abstract
An approximately 24-h biological timekeeping mechanism called the circadian clock is present in virtually all light-sensitive organisms from cyanobacteria to humans. The clock system regulates our sleep–wake cycle, feeding–fasting, hormonal secretion, body temperature, and many other physiological functions. Signals from the master circadian oscillator entrain peripheral clocks using a variety of neural and hormonal signals. Even centrally controlled internal temperature fluctuations can entrain the peripheral circadian clocks. But, unlike other chemical reactions, the output of the clock system remains nearly constant with fluctuations in ambient temperature, a phenomenon known as temperature compensation. In this brief review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the posttranslational modifications, especially a phosphoswitch mechanism controlling the stability of PER2 and its implications for the regulation of temperature compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Narasimamurthy R, Xia Y, Myskiw C, Soda Y, Verma IM. Targeting NF-κB in glioblastoma: A therapeutic approach. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501292. [PMID: 26824076 PMCID: PMC4730860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumor. We have established a lentivirus-induced mouse model of malignant gliomas, which faithfully captures the pathophysiology and molecular signature of mesenchymal human GBM. RNA-Seq analysis of these tumors revealed high nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation showing enrichment of known NF-κB target genes. Inhibition of NF-κB by either depletion of IκB kinase 2 (IKK2), expression of a IκBαM super repressor, or using a NEMO (NF-κB essential modifier)-binding domain (NBD) peptide in tumor-derived cell lines attenuated tumor proliferation and prolonged mouse survival. Timp1, one of the NF-κB target genes significantly up-regulated in GBM, was identified to play a role in tumor proliferation and growth. Inhibition of NF-κB activity or silencing of Timp1 resulted in slower tumor growth in both mouse and human GBM models. Our results suggest that inhibition of NF-κB activity or targeting of inducible NF-κB genes is an attractive therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yifeng Xia
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chad Myskiw
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yasushi Soda
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Inder M. Verma
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Narasimamurthy R, Xia Y, Myskiw C, Soda Y, Verma IM. Abstract A19: Role of NF-κB and gene targets of NF-κB in glioma cell plasticity. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.brain15-a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumor. In the last century we have accumulated tremendous amounts of data on this type of cancer, but despite extensive study, few therapeutic targets have been identified for GBM. We have established a lentiviral-induced mouse model of malignant gliomas, which faithfully captures the pathophysiology and molecular signatures of human GBM. RNAseq analysis of these tumors revealed high NFκB activation showing enrichment of known NFκB target genes. Depletion of IKK2 in tumor derived cell lines attenuated tumor proliferation and prolonged mouse survival. We have previously shown that gliomas can originate by reprograming/dedifferentiation of terminally differentiated astrocytes and neurons following oncogenic insult. This tumor cell plasticity seems to be impaired when either cortical astrocytes or neurons derived from floxed-IKK2 mice are infected with a lentivirus expressing HRAS-iresCREerT2-shp53. The addition of tamoxifen to the infected cells induces IKK2 depletion and blocks the reprogramming process, manifested by inhibition of tumorspheres formation and retention of differentiation makers. When these cells are transplanted into mice, the control group (vehicle treated) succumbs to the disease, while induction of IKK2 depletion in the tamoxifen treated group (20 days post-transplantation) significantly prolonged the mice survival. Activation of NFκB requires the activity of IκB kinase (IKK) complex containing IKKα and IKKβ, and the regulatory protein NFκB essential modifier (NEMO). We tested a peptide corresponding to the NEMO-binding domain (NBD) of IKKα(IKK1) or IKKβ(IKK2), to specifically inhibit the induction of NFκB activation, and the mice treated with NBDwt peptide showed long-term survival compared to NBDmut control. We propose targeting the NFκB pathway as an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat GBM.
Citation Format: Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Rajesh Narasimamurthy, Yifeng Xia, Chad Myskiw, Yasushi Soda, Inder M. Verma. Role of NF-κB and gene targets of NF-κB in glioma cell plasticity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yifeng Xia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Chad Myskiw
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yasushi Soda
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
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Narasimamurthy R, Geuking P, Ingold K, Willen L, Schneider P, Basler K. Structure-function analysis of Eiger, the Drosophila TNF homolog. Cell Res 2009; 19:392-4. [DOI: 10.1038/cr.2009.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Geuking P, Narasimamurthy R, Basler K. A genetic screen targeting the tumor necrosis factor/Eiger signaling pathway: identification of Drosophila TAB2 as a functionally conserved component. Genetics 2005; 171:1683-94. [PMID: 16079232 PMCID: PMC1456095 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.045534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) plays a prominent role in mammalian development and disease. To fully understand this complex signaling pathway it is important to identify all regulators and transduction components. A single TNF family member, Eiger, is encoded in the Drosophila genome, offering the possibility of applying genetic approaches for pursuing this goal. Here we present a screen for the isolation of novel genes involved in the TNF/Eiger pathway. On the basis of Eiger's ability to potently activate Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and trigger apoptosis, we used the Drosophila eye to establish an assay for dominant suppressors of this activity. In a large-scale screen the Drosophila homolog of TAB2/3 (dTAB2) was identified as an essential component of the Eiger-JNK pathway. Genetic epistasis and biochemical protein-protein interaction assays assign an adaptor role to dTAB2, linking dTRAF1 to the JNKKK dTAK1, demonstrating a conserved mechanism of TNF signal transduction in mammals and Drosophila. Thus, in contrast to morphogenetic processes, such as dorsal closure of the embryo, in which the JNK pathway is activated by the JNKKK Slipper, Eiger uses the dTAB2-dTAK1 module to induce JNK signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Geuking
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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