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Nasimi Shad A, Akhlaghipour I, Babazadeh Baghan A, Askari VR, Baradaran Rahimi V. Caffeic acid and its derivative caffeic acid phenethyl ester as potential therapeutic compounds for cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400240. [PMID: 39008886 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute to major public health issues. Some studies have found that caffeic acid (CA) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) may effectively prevent or treat CVDs. However, there is a major need to sum up our current understanding of the possible beneficial or detrimental effects of CA and CAPE on CVDs and related mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the data on this topic. A methodical search was carried out on key databases, including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, from the beginning to June 2024. Studies were then assessed for eligibility based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment with CA and CAPE significantly and positively affected cardiovascular health in various aspects, including atherosclerotic diseases, myocardial infarction, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypercoagulation state. Several mechanisms were proposed to mediate these effects, including transcription factors and signaling pathways associated with antioxidant, cytostatic, and anti-inflammatory processes. CA and CAPE were found to have several beneficial effects via multiple mechanisms during the prevention and treatment of various CVDs. However, these promising effects were only reported through in vitro and animal studies, which reinforces the need for further evaluation of these effects via human clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nasimi Shad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Babazadeh Baghan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Kao CT, Yang FW, Wu MC, Hung TH, Hu CW, Chen CH, Liou PC, Mai TL, Chang CC, Lin TY, Chen YL, Lin YCJ, Su JC. Systematic synthesis and identification of monolignol pathway metabolites. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39267260 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Monolignol serves as the building blocks to constitute lignin, the second abundant polymer on Earth. Despite two decades of diligent efforts, complete identification of all metabolites in the currently proposed monolignol biosynthesis pathway has proven elusive. This limitation also hampers their potential application. One of the primary obstacles is the challenge of assembling a collection of all molecules, because many are commercially unavailable or prohibitively costly. In this study, we established systematic pipelines to synthesize all 24 molecules through the conversions between functional groups on a core structure followed by the application to other core structures. We successfully identified all of them in Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis, two representative species respectively from malpighiales and myrtales in angiosperms. Knowledge about monolignol metabolite chemosynthesis and identification will form the foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ting Kao
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Wei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chen Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Huan Hung
- Crop Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Hu
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hua Chen
- Crop Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chien Liou
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Te-Lun Mai
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
- University Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
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Greco G, Agafonova A, Cosentino A, Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Puglia C, Anfuso CD, Sarpietro MG, Lupo G. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating a Benzoxanthene Derivative in a Model of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier: Modulation of Angiogenic Parameters and Inflammation in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Stimulated Angiogenesis. Molecules 2024; 29:3103. [PMID: 38999055 PMCID: PMC11243179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignans, a class of secondary metabolites found in plants, along with their derivatives, exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic ones. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a crucial process for cancer growth and development. Several studies have elucidated the synergistic relationship between angiogenesis and inflammation in various inflammatory diseases, highlighting a correlation between inflammation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. Thus, the identification of novel molecules capable of modulating VEGF effects presents promising prospects for developing therapies aimed at stabilizing, reversing, or even arresting disease progression. Lignans often suffer from low aqueous solubility and, for their use, encapsulation in a delivery system is needed. In this research, a bioinspired benzoxantene has been encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles that have been characterized for their pharmacotechnical properties and their thermotropic behavior. The effects of these encapsulated nanoparticles on angiogenic parameters and inflammation in VEGF-induced angiogenesis were evaluated using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) as a human blood-brain barrier model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Agafonova
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Cosentino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Sarpietro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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ÇELEBİOĞLU N, ÖZDEMİR TOZLU Ö, TÜRKEZ H, SEÇEN H. Synthesis of alnustone-like diarylpentanoids via a 4 + 1 strategy and assessment of their potential anticancer activity. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:1249-1259. [PMID: 38173735 PMCID: PMC10760875 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Twelve compounds with a 1,5-diaryl-1-penten-3-one structure were synthesized and their cytotoxic activities were evaluated. The 1,5-diaryl-1-penten-3-one compounds were obtained via in situ enaminations of 4-phenyl-2-butanone and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone in the presence of pyrrolidine-AcOH, followed by condensation with six different benzaldehydes. The synthesized compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against human glioblastoma (U87-MG), breast (MCF-7), and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines. Some of the novel compounds exhibited remarkable cytotoxic action, especially against MCF-7 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan ÇELEBİOĞLU
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum,
Turkiye
| | - Özlem ÖZDEMİR TOZLU
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum,
Turkiye
| | - Hasan TÜRKEZ
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum,
Turkiye
| | - Hasan SEÇEN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum,
Turkiye
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Elsbaey M, Igarashi Y, Ibrahim MAA, Elattar E. Click-designed vanilloid-triazole conjugates as dual inhibitors of AChE and Aβ aggregation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2871-2883. [PMID: 36756452 PMCID: PMC9850456 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07539c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on their reported neuroprotective properties, vanilloids provide a good starting point for the synthesis of anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) agents. In this context, nine new 1,2,3-triazole conjugates of vanilloids were synthesized via click chemistry. The compounds were tested for their effect on acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) aggregation. The triazole esters (E)-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenyl)acrylate 9 and (1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate 8 displayed dual inhibitory activity for AChE and Aβ aggregation with IC50 values of 0.47/0.31 μM and 1.2/0.95 μM, respectively, as compared to donepezil (0.27 μM) and tacrine (0.41 μM), respectively. The results showed that the triazole ester moiety is more favorable for the activity than the triazole ether moiety. This could be attributed to the longer length of the spacer between the two vanillyl moieties in the triazole esters. Furthermore, the binding affinities and modes of the triazole esters 9 and 8 were examined against AChE and Aβ utilizing a combination of docking predictions and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Docking computations revealed promising binding affinity of triazole esters 9 and 8 as potential AChE, Aβ40, and Aβ42 inhibitors with docking scores of -10.4 and -9.4 kcal mol-1, -5.8 and -4.7 kcal mol-1, and -3.3 and -2.9 kcal mol-1, respectively. The stability and binding energies of triazole esters 9 and 8 complexed with AChE, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were measured and compared to donepezil and tacrine over 100 ns MD simulations. According to the estimated binding energies, compounds 9 and 8 displayed good binding affinities with AChE, Aβ42, and Aβ40 with average ΔG binding values of -32.9 and -31.8 kcal mol-1, -12.0 and -10.5 kcal mol-1, and -20.4 and -16.6 kcal mol-1, respectively. Post-MD analyses demonstrated high steadiness for compounds 9 and 8 with AChE and Aβ during the 100 ns MD course. This work suggests the triazole conjugate of vanilloids as a promising skeleton for developing multi-target potential AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elsbaey
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu Toyama 939-0398 Japan
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519 Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Eman Elattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
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Daza-Leon C, Gomez AP, Álvarez-Mira D, Carvajal-Diaz L, Ramirez-Nieto G, Sanchez A, Vargas JI, Betancourt L. Characterization and evaluation of Colombian propolis on the intestinal integrity of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102159. [PMID: 36279608 PMCID: PMC9597123 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional additives such as propolis seek to improve intestinal health as an alternative to the global ban on in-feed antibiotics used as growth promoters (AGP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis supplementation in diet of broilers. Four hundred and fifty straight-run Ross 308 AP broilers were fed with a basal diet (BD) throughout the whole experimental period. Birds were randomly distributed into 5 groups at d 14: negative control without antibiotics nor propolis (AGP-), positive control 500 ppm of Zinc Bacitracin as growth promoter (AGP+), and 3 groups supplemented with 150, 300, and 450 ppm of propolis. Every group included 6 replicates of 15 birds each. Propolis concentration was increased from d 22 to 42, in experimental groups to 300, 600, and 900 ppm of propolis, and 10% of raw soybean was included as a challenge in all groups during the same period. Analysis of productive parameters, intestinal morphometry, and relative quantification of genes associated with epithelial integrity by qPCR were performed at 21 and 42 d. The groups with the greatest weights were those that consumed diets including 150 (21 d) and 900 ppm (42 d) of propolis compared with all treatments. The lowest score of ISI was found at 300 (21 d) and 600 ppm (42 d). A lower degree of injury in digestive system was seen with the inclusion of 300 ppm (21 d) and 900 ppm (42 d). Up-regulation of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was observed in jejunum of broilers supplemented with 150 and 300 ppm at 21 d. Up-regulation of ZO-1 and TGF-β was also evidenced in ileum at all propolis inclusion levels at 42-day-old compared to AGP+ and AGP-. The beneficial effects were evidenced at inclusion levels of 150 ppm in the starter and 900 ppm in the finisher. According to the results, the Colombian propolis inclusion can improve productive performance, physiological parameters, and gene expression associated with intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Daza-Leon
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Arlen P Gomez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
| | - Diana Álvarez-Mira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Loren Carvajal-Diaz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Compañía Campo Colombia SAS, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Gloria Ramirez-Nieto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | | | | | - Liliana Betancourt
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Bashir B, Riaz N, Ejaz SA, Saleem M, Iqbal A, Mahmood HMK, Ejaz S, Ashraf M, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Bhattarai K. Parsing p-Tolyloxy-1,3,4-oxadiazolepropanamides as 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Prop up by In Vitro and In Silico Profiling Including Structure Determination. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Ketone Analog of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Exhibits Antioxidant Activity via Activation of ERK-Dependent Nrf2 Pathway. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to their robust antioxidant properties, phenolic acids and their analogs are extensively studied for their ability to activate cellular antioxidant pathways, including nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Caffeic, ferulic, and gallic acid are well-studied members of phenolic acids. Constant efforts are made to improve the pharmacological effects and bioavailability of phenolic acids by synthesizing their chemical derivatives. This study determines how modifications of the chemical structure of these phenolic acids affect their antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. We have selected six superior antioxidant compounds (12, 16, 26, 35, 42, and 44) of the 48 caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) analogs based on their ability to scavenge free radicals in vitro using standard antioxidant assays. These compounds exhibited minimal toxicity as indicated by cell cycle and cytochrome C release assays. Among these compounds, 44, the ketone analog of CAPE, exhibited the ability to increase p-Nrf2 (Ser40) levels in 293T cells (p < 0.05). Further, 44, exhibited its antioxidant effect in Drosophila Melanogaster as indicated by an increase in mRNA levels of Nrf2 and GPx (p < 0.05). Finally, the ability of 44 to activate the antioxidant pathway was abolished in the presence of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor in 293T cells. Thus, we identify 44, the ketone analog of CAPE, as a unique antioxidant molecule with the function of ERK-mediated Nrf2 activation.
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Ali S, Alam M, Khatoon F, Fatima U, Elasbali AM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI, Snoussi M, De Feo V. Natural products can be used in therapeutic management of COVID-19: Probable mechanistic insights. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112658. [PMID: 35066300 PMCID: PMC8769927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unexpected emergence of the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than three hundred million individuals and resulted in more than five million deaths worldwide. The ongoing pandemic has underscored the urgent need for effective preventive and therapeutic measures to develop anti-viral therapy. The natural compounds possess various pharmaceutical properties and are reported as effective anti-virals. The interest to develop an anti-viral drug against the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from natural compounds has increased globally. Here, we investigated the anti-viral potential of selected promising natural products. Sources of data for this paper are current literature published in the context of therapeutic uses of phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action published in various reputed peer-reviewed journals. An extensive literature survey was done and data were critically analyzed to get deeper insights into the mechanism of action of a few important phytoconstituents. The consumption of natural products such as thymoquinone, quercetin, caffeic acid, ursolic acid, ellagic acid, vanillin, thymol, and rosmarinic acid could improve our immune response and thus possesses excellent therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the anti-viral functions of various phytoconstituent and alkaloids and their potential therapeutic implications against SARS-CoV-2. Our comprehensive analysis provides mechanistic insights into phytoconstituents to restrain viral infection and provide a better solution through natural, therapeutically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Fatima Khatoon
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Urooj Fatima
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Italy.
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Touaibia M, Faye DC, Doiron JA, Chiasson AI, Blanchard S, Roy PP, Surette ME. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of New Sinapic Acid Phenethyl Ester Analogues Targeting the Biosynthesis of 5-Lipoxygenase Products: The Role of Phenolic Moiety, Ester Function, and Bioisosterism. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:225-236. [PMID: 34995066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sinapic acid is found in many edible plants and fruits, such as rapeseed, where it is the predominant phenolic compound. New sinapic acid phenethyl ester (SAPE) analogues were synthesized and screened as inhibitors of the biosynthesis of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in stimulated HEK293 cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis catalyzed by 5-LO is a validated therapeutic strategy against certain inflammatory diseases and allergies. Unfortunately, the only inhibitor approved to date has limited clinical use because of its poor pharmacokinetic profile and liver toxicity. With the new analogues synthesized in this study, the role of the phenolic moiety, ester function, and bioisosterism was investigated. Several of the 34 compounds inhibited the biosynthesis of 5-LO products, and 20 compounds were 2-11 times more potent than zileuton in PMNL, which are important producers of 5-LO products. Compounds 5i (IC50: 0.20 μM), 5l (IC50: 0.20 μM), and 5o (IC50: 0.21 μM) bearing 4-trifluoromethyl, methyl, or methoxy substituent at meta-position of the phenethyl moiety were 1.5 and 11.5 times more potent than SAPE (IC50: 0.30 μM) and zileuton (IC50: 2.31 μM), respectively. Additionally, compound 9 (IC50: 0.27 μM), which was obtained after acetylation of the 4-hydroxyl of SAPE, was equivalent to SAPE and 8 times more active than zileuton. Furthermore, compound 20b (IC50: 0.27 μM) obtained after the bioisosteric replacement of the ester function of SAPE by the 1,2,4-oxadiazole heterocycle was equivalent to SAPE and 8 times more active than zileuton. Thus, this study provides a basis for the rational design of new molecules that could be developed further as anti 5-LO therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Diene Codou Faye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Jérémie A Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Audrey Isabel Chiasson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Sébastien Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Pierre-Philippe Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
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Yan M, Zhang S, Li C, Liu Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang L. 5-Lipoxygenase as an emerging target against age-related brain disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 69:101359. [PMID: 33984528 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature of age-related brain disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and cerebral ischemia. 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), a proinflammatory enzyme, modulates inflammation by generating leukotrienes. Abnormal activation of 5-LOX and excessive production of leukotrienes have been detected in the development of age-related brain pathology. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of 5-LOX activation and several groups of functionally related inhibitors. In addition, the modulatory roles of 5-LOX in the pathogenesis and progression of the age-related brain disorders have been comprehensively highlighted and discussed. Inhibition of 5-LOX activation may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for AD, PD and cerebral ischemia.
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Nasution RA, Islam AA, Hatta M, Prihantono, Massi MN, Warsinggih, Kaelan C, Bahar B, Nasution KI, Wangi H, Faruk M. Effectiveness of CAPE in reducing vascular permeability after brain injury. MEDICINA CLÍNICA PRÁCTICA 2021; 4:100229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpsp.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
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13
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Silva H, Lopes NMF. Cardiovascular Effects of Caffeic Acid and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:595516. [PMID: 33343392 PMCID: PMC7739266 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.595516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) and its phenethyl ester (CAPE) are naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acids with an interesting array of biological activities; e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytostatic. More recently, several synthetic analogs have also shown similar properties, and some with the advantage of added stability. The actions of these compounds on the cardiovascular system have not been thoroughly explored despite presenting an interesting potential. Indeed the mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of these compounds particularly need clarifying. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on current knowledge about CA and its derivatives in the cardiovascular system. Caffeic acid, CAPE and the synthetic caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA) exhibit vasorelaxant activity by acting on the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Vasorelaxant mechanisms include the increased endothelial NO secretion, modulation of calcium and potassium channels, and modulation of adrenergic receptors. Together with a negative chronotropic effect, vasorelaxant activity contributes to lower blood pressure, as several preclinical studies show. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties contribute to an important anti-atherosclerotic effect, and protect tissues against ischemia/reperfusion injuries and the cellular dysfunction caused by different physico-chemical agents. There is an obvious shortage of in vivo studies to further explore these compounds' potential in vascular physiology. Nevertheless, their favorable pharmacokinetic profile and overall lack of toxicity make these compounds suitable for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- CBIOS – Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Miguel F. Lopes
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Nasution RA, Islam AA, Hatta M, Prihantono, Warsinggih, Ludong DH, Ismail, Wangi H, Massi MN, Nasution KI. Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in reducing cerebral edema in rat subjects experiencing brain injury: An in vivo study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 57:328-333. [PMID: 32874565 PMCID: PMC7452142 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A head injury is a very dangerous condition that threatens human life. This study examines the use of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in reducing cerebral edema in cases of head injury. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether CAPE can improve various parameters related to the expression of Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) mRNA and the serum AQP4 levels in rat subjects. Methods This is a randomized controlled study using a posttest-only control group design that uses experimental animals-specifically, male Rattus norvegicus (Sprague Dawley strain) rats aged 10-12 weeks and weighing 200-300 g. This study used a head injury model according to Marmarou (1994) with minor modifications to the animal model fixation tool. The parameters of the AQP4 mRNA were examined with real-time PCR, while serum AQP4 levels were examined with sandwich ELISA. Results The AQP4 mRNA expression in rats that were given CAPE was lower than those not given CAPE, both on the fourth and seventh days; serum AQP4 levels in rats that were given CAPE were also lower than those not given CAPE, both on the fourth and seventh days. Conclusion Administration of CAPE in a rat model with head injury can reduce cerebral edema, mediated by AQP4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andi Asadul Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Clinical Microbiologist Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Prihantono
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Warsinggih
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Dany H Ludong
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ismail
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Harakati Wangi
- Department of Interna Medicine, Pelamonia Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muh Nassrum Massi
- Departement of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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15
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Landberg R, Sunnerheim K, Dimberg LH. Avenanthramides as lipoxygenase inhibitors. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04304. [PMID: 32637696 PMCID: PMC7330496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avenanthramides (AVAs) present in oats are amides of anthranilic and cinnamic acids. AVAs are potent antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties. There are various potential mechanisms for their anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOX), which catalyse oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into potent signal molecules involved in inflammatory processes. In this study, AVAs were screened for LOX inhibition in vitro and structure-activity relationships were examined. Twelve different AVAs at 0.6 mM were tested as LOX inhibitors. The corresponding free cinnamic acids, the AVA analogue Tranilast® and the known LOX inhibitor trans-resveratrol were included for comparison. It was found that AVAs comprising caffeic or sinapic acid exhibited significant lipoxygenase inhibition (60–90%) (P < 0.05), whereas low or no inhibition was observed with AVAs containing p-coumaric or ferulic acid. No difference in inhibition was seen on comparing AVAs with their free corresponding cinnamic acids, which implies that the anthranilic acid part of the avenanthramide molecule does not affect inhibition. Trans-resveratrol showed inhibition, whereas no inhibition was seen for Tranilast® at the concentrations used in this study. This study suggests that aventahtramides comprising caffeic acid or sinapic acid partly exert their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via lipoxygenase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Sunnerheim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Lena H Dimberg
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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LeBlanc A, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Morin PJ, Touaibia M. Structurally Related Edaravone Analogues: Synthesis, Antiradical, Antioxidant, and Copper-Chelating Properties. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:779-790. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191114092007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background::
The current therapeutic options available to patients diagnosed with Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are limited and edaravone is a compound that has gained significant
interest for its therapeutic potential in this condition.
Objectives: :
The current work was thus undertaken to synthesize and characterize a series of edaravone
analogues.
Methods:
A total of 17 analogues were synthesized and characterized for their antioxidant properties,
radical scavenging potential and copper-chelating capabilities.
Results:
Radical scavenging and copper-chelating properties were notably observed for edaravone.
Analogues bearing hydrogen in position 1 and a phenyl at position 3 and a phenyl in both positions of
pyrazol-5 (4H)-one displayed substantial radical scavenging, antioxidants and copper-chelating properties.
High accessibility of electronegative groups combined with higher electronegativity and partial
charge of the carbonyl moiety in edaravone might explain the observed difference in the activity of
edaravone relative to the closely related analogues 6 and 7 bearing hydrogen at position 1 and a phenyl
at position 3 (6) and a phenyl in both positions (7).
Conclusion:
Overall, this study reveals a subset of edaravone analogues with interesting properties.
Further investigation of these compounds is foreseen in relevant models of oxidative stress-associated
diseases in order to assess their therapeutic potential in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, NB, Canada
| | | | - Pier Jr. Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, NB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, NB, Canada
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17
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Caffeates and Caffeamides: Synthetic Methodologies and Their Antioxidant Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:2592609. [PMID: 31815016 PMCID: PMC6877993 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2592609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and include a variety of chemical structures, from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to condensed tannins and highly polymerized compounds. Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is one of the hydroxycinnamate metabolites more widely distributed in plant tissues. It is present in many food sources, including coffee drinks, blueberries, apples, and cider, and also in several medications of popular use, mainly those based on propolis. Its derivatives are also known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial activities, and can contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. This review is an overview of the available information about the chemical synthesis and antioxidant activity of caffeic acid derivatives. Considering the relevance of these compounds in human health, many of them have been the focus of reviews, taking as a center their obtaining from the plants. There are few revisions that compile the chemical synthesis methods, in this way, we consider that this review does an important contribution.
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18
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Selka A, Doiron JA, Lyons P, Dastous S, Chiasson A, Cormier M, Turcotte S, Surette ME, Touaibia M. Discovery of a novel 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid-based 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor that induces apoptosis and may impair autophagic flux in RCC4 renal cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:347-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Mbarik M, Poirier SJ, Doiron J, Selka A, Barnett DA, Cormier M, Touaibia M, Surette ME. Phenolic acid phenethylesters and their corresponding ketones: Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and stability in human blood and HepaRG cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00524. [PMID: 31523435 PMCID: PMC6743424 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, potent lipid mediators involved in inflammatory diseases, and both 5-LO and the leukotrienes are validated therapeutic targets. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an effective inhibitor of 5-LO and leukotriene biosynthesis but is susceptible to hydrolysis by esterases. In this study a number of CAPE analogues were synthesized with modifications to the caffeoyl moiety and the replacement of the ester linkage with a ketone. Several new molecules showed better inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis than CAPE in isolated human neutrophils and in whole blood with IC50 values in the nanomolar (290-520 nmol/L) and low micromolar (1.0-2.3 µmol/L) ranges, respectively. Sinapic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy derivatives were more stable than CAPE in whole blood, and ketone analogues were degraded more slowly in HepaRG hepatocyte cultures than esters. All compounds underwent modification consistent with glucuronidation in HepaRG cultures as determined using LC-MS/MS analysis, though the modified sinapoyl ketone (10) retained 50% of its inhibitory activity after up to one hour of incubation. This study has identified at least one CAPE analogue, compound 10, that shows favorable properties that warrant further in vivo investigation as an antiinflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Mbarik
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Samuel J. Poirier
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Jérémie Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Ayyoub Selka
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | | | - Marc Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Marc E. Surette
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
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20
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Sinha S, Doble M, Manju SL. 5-Lipoxygenase as a drug target: A review on trends in inhibitors structural design, SAR and mechanism based approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3745-3759. [PMID: 31331653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The most common inflammatory disease of the airways is asthma among children affecting around 235 million people worldwide. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a crucial enzyme which helps in the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to leukotrienes (LTs), the lipid mediators. It is associated with several inflammation related disorders such as asthma, allergy, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is considered as a promising target against inflammation and asthma. Currently, the only drug against 5-LOX which is available is Zileuton, while a few inhibitors are in clinical trial stages such as Atreleuton and Setileuton. So, there is a dire requirement in the area of progress of novel 5-LOX inhibitors which necessitates an understanding of their structure activity relationship and mode of action. In this review, novel 5-LOX inhibitors reported so far, their structural design, SAR and developmental strategies along with clinical updates are discussed over the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - S L Manju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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21
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Muthuraman S, Sinha S, Vasavi CS, Waidha KM, Basu B, Munussami P, Balamurali MM, Doble M, Saravana Kumar R. Design, synthesis and identification of novel coumaperine derivatives for inhibition of human 5-LOX: Antioxidant, pseudoperoxidase and docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:604-619. [PMID: 30638966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes, leading to asthma. Developing potent 5-LOX inhibitors especially, natural product based ones, are highly attractive. Coumaperine, a natural product found in white pepper and its derivatives were herein developed as 5-LOX inhibitors. We have synthesized twenty four derivatives, characterized and evaluated their 5-LOX inhibition potential. Coumaperine derivatives substituted with multiple hydroxy and multiple methoxy groups exhibited best 5-LOX inhibition. CP-209, a catechol type dihydroxyl derivative and CP-262-F2, a vicinal trihydroxyl derivative exhibited, 82.7% and 82.5% inhibition of 5-LOX respectively at 20 µM. Their IC50 values are 2.1 ± 0.2 µM and 2.3 ± 0.2 µM respectively, and are comparable to zileuton, IC50 = 1.4 ± 0.2 µM. CP-155, a methylenedioxy derivative (a natural product) and CP-194, a 2,4,6-trimethoxy derivative showed 76.0% and 77.1% inhibition of 5-LOX respectively at 20 µM. Antioxidant study revealed that CP-209 and 262-F2 (at 20 µM) scavenged DPPH radical by 76.8% and 71.3% respectively. On the other hand, CP-155 and 194 showed very poor DPPH radical scavenging activity. Pseudo peroxidase assay confirmed that the mode of action of CP-209 and 262-F2 were by redox process, similar to zileuton, affecting the oxidation state of the metal ion in the enzyme. On the contrary, CP-155 and 194 probably act through some other mechanism which does not involve the disruption of the oxidation state of the metal in the enzyme. Molecular docking of CP-155 and 194 to the active site of 5-LOX and binding energy calculation suggested that they are non-competitive inhibitors. The In-Silico ADME/TOX analysis shows the active compounds (CP-155, 194, 209 and 262-F2) are with good drug likeliness and reduced toxicity compared to existing drug. These studies indicate that there is a great potential for coumaperine derivatives to be developed as anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Muthuraman
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shweta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamilnadu 600036, India.
| | - C S Vasavi
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632 014, India
| | - Kamran Manzoor Waidha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, sector-125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Biswarup Basu
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026,India
| | - Punnagai Munussami
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - M M Balamurali
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamilnadu 600036, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India.
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22
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Dobrian AD, Morris MA, Taylor-Fishwick DA, Holman TR, Imai Y, Mirmira RG, Nadler JL. Role of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in diabetes pathogenesis and complications. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:100-110. [PMID: 30347209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is one of several enzyme isoforms responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other poly-unsaturated fatty acids to both pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Mounting evidence has shown that 12-LOX plays a critical role in the modulation of inflammation at multiple checkpoints during diabetes development. Due to this, interventions to limit pro-inflammatory 12-LOX metabolites either by isoform-specific 12-LOX inhibition, or by providing specific fatty acid substrates via dietary intervention, has the potential to significantly and positively impact health outcomes of patients living with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. To date, the development of truly specific and efficacious inhibitors has been hampered by homology of LOX family members; however, improvements in high throughput screening have improved the inhibitor landscape. Here, we describe the function and role of human 12-LOX, and mouse 12-LOX and 12/15-LOX, in the development of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, and describe promise in the development of strategies to limit pro-inflammatory metabolites, primarily via new small molecule 12-LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - M A Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - D A Taylor-Fishwick
- Department of Microbiology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - T R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Y Imai
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa, city, IA, United States
| | - R G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J L Nadler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
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23
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Touaibia M, Hébert MJG, Levesque NA, Doiron JA, Doucet MS, Jean-François J, Cormier M, Boudreau LH, Surette ME. Sinapic acid phenethyl ester as a potent selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1876-1887. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Martin J. G. Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Natalie A. Levesque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Jérémie A. Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Marco S. Doucet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | | | - Marc Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Luc H. Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Marc E. Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
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Substituted Caffeic and Ferulic Acid Phenethyl Esters: Synthesis, Leukotrienes Biosynthesis Inhibition, and Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071124. [PMID: 28684707 PMCID: PMC6152019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that correlates with short patient survival and for which therapeutic options are limited. Polyphenolic compounds, including caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, 1a), have been investigated for their anticancer properties in several types of cancer. To further explore these properties in brain cancer cells, a series of caffeic and ferulic acid esters bearing additional oxygens moieties (OH or OCH3) were designed and synthesized. (CAPE, 1a), but not ferulic acid phenethyl ester (FAPE, 1b), displayed substantial cytotoxicity against two glioma cell lines. Some but not all selected compounds derived from both (CAPE, 1a) and (FAPE, 1b) also displayed cytotoxicity. All CAPE-derived compounds were able to significantly inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), however FAPE-derived compounds were largely ineffective 5-LO inhibitors. Molecular docking revealed new hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between the enzyme and some of the investigated compounds. Overall, this work highlights the relevance of exploring polyphenolic compounds in cancer models and provides additional leads in the development of novel therapeutic strategies in gliomas.
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25
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New Hydroxycinnamic Acid Esters as Novel 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors That Affect Leukotriene Biosynthesis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6904634. [PMID: 28680195 PMCID: PMC5478869 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6904634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators that actively participate in the inflammatory response and host defense against pathogens. However, leukotrienes also participate in chronic inflammatory diseases. 5-lipoxygenase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and is thus a validated therapeutic target. As of today, zileuton remains the only clinically approved 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor; however, its use has been limited due to severe side effects in some patients. Hence, the search for a better 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor continues. In this study, we investigated structural analogues of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a naturally-occurring 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, in an attempt to enhance the inhibitory activity against 5-lipoxygenase and determine structure-activity relationships. These compounds were investigated for their ability to attenuate the biosynthesis of leukotrienes. Compounds 13 and 19, phenpropyl and diphenylethyl esters, exhibited significantly enhanced inhibitory activity when compared to the reference molecules caffeic acid phenethyl ester and zileuton.
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26
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Werz O, Gerstmeier J, Garscha U. Novel leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors (2012-2016) as anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:607-620. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1276568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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27
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New Caffeic Acid Phenylethyl Ester Analogs Bearing Substituted Triazole: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Study towards 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/2380531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are biosynthesized by the conversion of arachidonic acid by 5-Lipoxygenase and play a key role in many inflammatory disorders. Inspired by caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) (2) and an analog carrying a triazole substituted by cinnamoyl and 5-LO inhibitors recently reported by our team, sixteen new CAPE analogs bearing substituted triazole were synthesized by copper catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Compound10e, an analog bearingp-CF3 phenethyl substituted triazole, was equivalent to CAPE (2) but clearly surpassed Zileuton (2), the only approved 5-LO inhibitor. Substitution of the phenethyl moiety by cyclohexylethyl, as with12g, clearly increased 5-LO inhibition which confirms the importance of hydrophobic interactions. Molecular docking revealed new hydrogen bonds andπ-πinteractions between the enzyme and some of the investigated compounds. Overall, this work highlights the relevance of exploring polyphenolic compounds as leukotrienes biosynthesis inhibitors.
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