1
|
Savarimuthu Selvan C, Rengan R, Malecki JG. One-Pot Sustainable Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrimidines via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Annulation of Alcohols Using Pincer Ni(II)-NNS Catalysts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11148-11160. [PMID: 39087691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
We report an efficient and sustainable synthesis of highly substituted pyrimidines promoted by nickel(II)-NNS pincer-type complexes via acceptorless dehydrogenative annulations of readily available alcohols, malononitrile, and guanidine/benzamidine salt under eco-friendly conditions for the first time. Different sets of Ni(II) complexes (C1-C3) encapsulated in NNS pincer-type thiosemicarbazone ligands have been synthesized and authenticated by analytical and spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry) techniques. The solid state three-dimensional structure of a representative complex (C2) has been determined with the aid of single crystal XRD analysis and confirms a square planar architecture around the nickel ion. Further, the well-defined Ni(II) complexes have been employed as efficient catalysts for the fabrication of a wide range of 4-aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives (33 examples) from readily available alcohols with suitable coupling partners such as malononitrile and guanidine/benzamidine under eco-friendly conditions. The current catalytic approach affords maximum yields up to 95% utilizing 3 mol % catalyst loading and water/hydrogen as the only byproduct. A feasible catalytic pathway has been proposed based on the different control experiment reactions, which clearly indicate that the coupling reaction proceeds via aldehyde and benzylidenemalononitrile intermediates. The practicability of the current protocol has been demonstrated by the large-scale synthesis of one of the products, 4-amino-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, and a short synthesis of a cytosine antifungal analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Savarimuthu Selvan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Malecki
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Niwetmarin W, Saesian N, Saruengkhanphasit R, Eurtivong C, Thasana N, Ruchirawat S. Metal- and photocatalyst-free approach to visible-light-induced acylation of quinoxalinones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5924-5929. [PMID: 38698760 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A transition-metal- and photocatalyst-free photochemical reaction was successfully developed for the direct acylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, which was enabled by the formation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. The use of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as the electron donor allows efficient and operationally simple access to a series of C3-aroylated and acylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with moderate to good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worawat Niwetmarin
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Thailand
| | - Naiyana Saesian
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | | | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Thasana
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Uhlenbruck BJH, Josephitis CM, de Lescure L, Paton RS, McNally A. A deconstruction-reconstruction strategy for pyrimidine diversification. Nature 2024; 631:87-93. [PMID: 38697196 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are fundamental to drug and agrochemical development, yet only a few synthetic strategies apply to the nitrogen heteroaromatics frequently encountered in small molecule candidates1-3. Here we present an alternative approach in which we convert pyrimidine-containing compounds into various other nitrogen heteroaromatics. Transforming pyrimidines into their corresponding N-arylpyrimidinium salts enables cleavage into a three-carbon iminoenamine building block, used for various heterocycle-forming reactions. This deconstruction-reconstruction sequence diversifies the initial pyrimidine core and enables access to various heterocycles, such as azoles4. In effect, this approach allows heterocycle formation on complex molecules, resulting in analogues that would be challenging to obtain by other methods. We anticipate that this deconstruction-reconstruction strategy will extend to other heterocycle classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis de Lescure
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sarfraz M, Ayyaz M, Rauf A, Yaqoob A, Tooba, Arif Ali M, Siddique SA, Qureshi AM, Sarfraz MH, Aljowaie RM, Almutairi SM, Arshad M. New Pyrimidinone Bearing Aminomethylenes and Schiff Bases as Potent Antioxidant, Antibacterial, SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19 Main Protease M Pro Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Bioactivities, and Computational Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25730-25747. [PMID: 38911743 PMCID: PMC11191110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
New 2-thioxopyrimidinone derivatives (A1-A10) were synthesized in 87-96% yields via a simple three-component condensation reaction. These compounds were screened extensively through in vitro assays for antioxidant and antibacterial investigations. The DPPH assays resulted in the excellent potency of A6-A10 as antioxidants with IC50 values of 0.83 ± 0.125, 0.90 ± 0.77, 0.36 ± 0.063, 1.4 ± 0.07, and 1.18 ± 0.06 mg/mL, which were much better than 1.79 ± 0.045 mg/mL for the reference ascorbic acid. These compounds exhibited better antibacterial potency against Klebsiella with IC50 values of 2 ± 7, 1.32 ± 8.9, 1.19 ± 11, 1.1 ± 12, and 1.16 ± 11 mg/mL for A6-A10. High-throughput screenings (HTS) of these motifs were carried out including investigation of drug-like behaviors, physiochemical property evaluation, and structure-related studies involving DFT and metabolic transformation trends. The radical scavenging ability of the synthesized motifs was validated through molecular docking studies through ligand-protein binding against human inducible nitric oxide synthase (HINOS) PDB ID: 4NOS, and the results were promising. Furthermore, the antiviral capability of the compounds was examined by in silico studies using two viral proteins PDB ID: 6Y84 and PDB ID: 6LU7. Binding poses of ligands were discussed, and amino acids in the protein binding pockets were investigated, where the tested compounds showed much better binding affinities than the standard inhibitors, proving to be suitable leads for antiviral drug discovery. The stabilities of the molecular docked complexes in real systems were validated by molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayyaz
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Asma Yaqoob
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics. Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tooba
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics. Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Ali
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Ali Siddique
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Mahmood Qureshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women
University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz
- Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences,
Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7LD, United
Kingdom
| | - Reem M. Aljowaie
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P O 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P O 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hanumesh, Amshumali MK, Prachi P, Yogendra K, Madhusudhana N, Vinay Kumar B. Investigation of bisindole-linked pyrimidine moieties: synthesis using strantium-aluminum supported strontium aluminate nanophosphors catalyst, DNA reactivity, and in silico molecular docking studies. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38817089 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2358901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this communication, an innovative and straightforward protocol for the one-pot catalytic synthesis of bis(indolyl)pyrimidine derivatives and their DNA binding abilities is presented. The synthesis involves the condensation of indole with diverse substituted pyrimidine-5-carbaldehydes, employing cost-effective and reusable Sr-Al supported nanophosphors, specifically strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4), as a catalyst. In particular, this method does not require the use of toxic solvents. The Sr-Al supported nanophosphorus catalyst exhibited sustained activity over multiple cycles and showed no significant decline while maintaining its strictly heterogeneous properties. The bis(indolyl)pyrimidine derivatives were extensively characterized using spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Furthermore, the interaction between these derivatives and CT-DNA was investigated by absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, and in silico molecular docking studies. Photoinduced cleavage studies demonstrated the photonuclease activity of the compound against pUC19 DNA upon exposure to UV-visible radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanumesh
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Bellary, 583105, India
| | - M K Amshumali
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Bellary, 583105, India
| | - P Prachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Allied Health Science BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, India
| | - K Yogendra
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India
| | - N Madhusudhana
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India
| | - B Vinay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, BGS College of Engineering & Technology, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raghu MS, Pradeep Kumar CB, Yogesh Kumar K, Prashanth MK, Alharethy F, Jeon BH. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of pyrimidine linked thiazolidinedione derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129707. [PMID: 38492608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The design and development of novel antimicrobial agents are highly desired to combat the emergence of medication resistance against microorganisms that cause infections. A series of new pyrimidine-linked thiazolidinedione derivatives (5a-j) were synthesized, characterized, and their antimicrobial properties assessed in the current investigation. Here, novel pyrimidine-linked thiazolidinedione compounds were designed using the molecular hybridization approach. Elemental and spectral techniques were used to determine the structures of the synthesized hybrids. The majority of compounds showed encouraging antibacterial properties. Among the active compounds, 5g, 5i, and 5j showed 1.85, 1.15, and 1.38 times the activity of streptomycin against S. aureus, respectively, with MIC values of 6.4, 10.3, and 8.6 µM. With MIC values of 10.8, 21.9, and 15.4 µM, respectively, the compounds 5g, 5i, and 5j showed 2.14, 1.05, and 1.50 times the activity of linezolid against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain. Furthermore, when compared to the reference medications, compounds 5g, 5i, and 5j demonstrated broad-range antimicrobial efficacy against all tested strains of bacteria and fungus. Out of all the compounds that were investigated, compounds 5g, 5i, and 5j showed noteworthy anti-tubercular activity. 5g is the most effective, 1.59 times more effective than reference drug isoniazid. To anticipate the binding manner, the synthesized potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking into the active binding site of MRSA and the mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3) protein. The compounds 5g, 5i, and 5j may eventually serve as lead compounds in the search for antimicrobial and anti-TB therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Raghu
- Department of Chemistry, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560 103, India
| | - C B Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan 573 202, India
| | - K Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Ramanagara 562 112, India
| | - M K Prashanth
- Department of Chemistry, B N M Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560 070, India.
| | - Fahd Alharethy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Yang L, Zhao Z, Yang X, Lv H. A polyurethane-based hydrophilic elastomer with multi-biological functions for small-diameter vascular grafts. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:234-249. [PMID: 38218359 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia (IH) are two major problems faced by the small-diameter vascular grafts. Mimicking the native endothelium and physiological elasticity of blood vessels is considered an ideal strategy. Polyurethane (PU) is suitable for vascular grafts in mechanics because of its molecular designability and elasticity; however, it generally lacks the endothelium-like biofunctions and hydrophilicity. To solve this contradiction, a hydrophilic PU elastomer is developed by crosslinking the hydrophobic hard-segment chains containing diselenide with diaminopyrimidine-capped polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this network, the hydrophobic aggregation occurs underwater due to the uninterrupted hard-segment chains, leading to a significant self-enhancement in mechanics, which can be tailored to the elasticity similar to natural vessels by adjusting the crosslinking density. A series of in vitro studies confirm that the hydrophilicity of PEG and biological activities of aminopyrimidine and diselenide give the PU multi-biological functions similar to the native endothelium, including stable catalytic release of nitric oxide (NO) in the physiological level; anti-adhesion and anti-activation of platelets; inhibition of migration, adhesion, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs); and antibacterial effect. In vivo studies further prove the good histocompatibility with both significant reduction in immune response and calcium deposition. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Constructing small-diameter vascular grafts similar to the natural vessels is considered an ideal method to solve the restenosis caused by thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia (IH). Because of the long-term stability, bulk modification is more suitable for implanted materials, however, how to achieve the biofunctions, hydrophilicity, and elasticity simultaneously is still a big challenge. In this work, a kind of polyurethane-based elastomer has been designed and prepared by crosslinking the functional long hard-segment chains with PEG soft segments. The underwater elasticity based on hydration-induced stiffening and the multi-biological functions similar to the native endothelium are compatible with natural vessels. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the potential of this PU as small-diameter vascular grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Talab F, Alam A, Zainab, Ullah S, Elhenawy AA, Shah SAA, Ali M, Halim SA, Khan A, Latif A, Al-Harrasi A, Ahmad M. Novel hydrazone schiff's base derivatives of polyhydroquinoline: synthesis, in vitro prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity and their Molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38385366 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2319677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This research work reports the synthesis of new derivatives of the hydrazone Schiff bases (1-17) based on polyhydroquinoline nucleus through multistep reactions. HR-ESIMS,1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were used to structurally infer all of the synthesized compounds and lastly evaluated for prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. All the prepared products displayed good to excellent inhibitory activity when compared with standard z-prolyl-prolinal. Three derivatives 3, 15 and 14 showed excellent inhibition with IC50 values 3.21 ± 0.15 to 5.67 ± 0.18 µM, while the remaining 12 compounds showed significant activity. Docking studies indicated a good correlation with the biochemical potency of compounds estimated in the in-vitro test and showed the potency of compounds 3, 15 and 14. The MD simulation results confirmed the stability of the most potent inhibitors 3, 15 and 14 at 250 ns using the parameters RMSD, RMSF, Rg and number of hydrogen bonds. The RMSD values indicate the stability of the protein backbone in complex with the inhibitors over the simulation time. The RMSF values of the binding site residues indicate that the potent inhibitors contributed to stabilizing these regions of the protein, through formed stable interactions with the protein. The Rg. analysis assesses the overall size and compactness of the complexes. The maintenance of stable hydrogen bonds suggests the existence of favorable binding interactions. SASA analysis suggests that they maintained stable conformations without large-scale exposure to the solvent. These results indicate that the ligand-protein interactions are stable and could be exploited to design new drugs for disease treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Talab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zainab
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed A Elhenawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Art, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E, Malaysia
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu Z, Wong TY, Gan Y, Chen G, Paymode DJ, Chen CY. One-pot synthesis of 4-pyrimidone-2-thioether through base/acid-mediated condensation of S-alkylisothiourea and β-ketoester. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5435-5439. [PMID: 38352681 PMCID: PMC10862098 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
4-Pyrimidone-2-thioethers can be useful synthetic precursors to densely functionalized pyrimidines, commonly encountered in bioactive molecules. A convenient one-pot access to 4-pyrimidone-2-thioethers is reported herein, which utilizes a sequential base- and acid-mediated condensation of alkylisothioureas with β-ketoesters. Owing to mild reaction conditions, good to excellent functional group tolerance and yields are achieved. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by the synthesis of the crucial adagrasib intermediate on a 200 gram scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lu
- Mirati Therapeutics San Diego California 92121 USA
| | | | - Yonghong Gan
- Mirati Therapeutics San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - Guihui Chen
- PharmaBlock (USA), Inc. 777 Schwab Road, Unit D Hatfield Pennsylvania 19440 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muzychka LV, Humeniuk NI, Boiko IO, Vrynchanu NO, Smolii OB. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel triphenylphosphonium-functionalized substituted pyrimidines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14483. [PMID: 38355145 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens leads to a decrease in the number of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infections and prompts researchers to search for new effective antimicrobial drugs. This study reports the synthesis of novel triphenylphosphonium-functionalized substituted pyrimidines and in vitro evaluation of their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Most of the synthesized derivatives showed high antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.39-1.56 μg/mL) against the methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus 222. Compounds 2a and 11 exhibited a high level of antibiofilm activity against S. aureus 222 and E. coli 311. The triphenylphosphonium-containing pyrimidines 11 and 2a reduced S. aureus 222 biofilm formation by 99.1% and 95.8%, respectively. In addition, compound 2a was the most active against E. coli 311 biofilm formation (the biomass decreased by 98.4%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Muzychka
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia I Humeniuk
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Antimicrobials, SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna O Boiko
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Antimicrobials, SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nina O Vrynchanu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Antimicrobials, SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg B Smolii
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nammalwar B, Bunce RA. Recent Advances in Pyrimidine-Based Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:104. [PMID: 38256937 PMCID: PMC10820437 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidines have become an increasingly important core structure in many drug molecules over the past 60 years. This article surveys recent areas in which pyrimidines have had a major impact in drug discovery therapeutics, including anti-infectives, anticancer, immunology, immuno-oncology, neurological disorders, chronic pain, and diabetes mellitus. The article presents the synthesis of the medicinal agents and highlights the role of the biological target with respect to the disease model. Additionally, the biological potency, ADME properties and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (if available) are discussed. This survey attempts to demonstrate the versatility of pyrimidine-based drugs, not only for their potency and affinity but also for the improved medicinal chemistry properties of pyrimidine as a bioisostere for phenyl and other aromatic π systems. It is hoped that this article will provide insight to researchers considering the pyrimidine scaffold as a chemotype in future drug candidates in order to counteract medical conditions previously deemed untreatable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Nammalwar
- Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Richard A. Bunce
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zaib S, Younas MT, Khan I, Ali HS, McAdam CJ, White JM, Jaber F, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids as potent druggable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, biochemical and in silico analyses. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106868. [PMID: 37738768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The identification of effective and druggable cholinesterase inhibitors to treat progressive neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disorder remains a continuous drug discovery hunt. In this perspective, the present study investigates the design and discovery of pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids (5a-l) as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was employed to introduce the structural diversity on the pyrimidine heterocyclic core. A range of commercially available boronic acids was successfully coupled showing a high functional group tolerance. In vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential using Ellman's method revealed significantly strong potency. Compound 5h bearing a meta-tolyl substituent at 2-position of pyrimidine ring emerged as a lead candidate against AChE with an inhibitory potency of 0.43 ± 0.42 µM, ∼38-fold stronger value than neostigmine (IC50 = 16.3 ± 1.12 µM). Compound 5h also showed the lead inhibition against BuChE with an IC50 value of 2.5 ± 0.04 µM. The kinetics analysis of 5h revealed the non-competitive mode of inhibition against AChE whereas computational modelling results of potent leads depicted diverse contacts with the binding site amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of biomolecular system, while, ADME analysis demonstrated druglikeness behaviour of potent compounds. Overall, the investigated pyrimidine-morpholine scaffold presented a remarkable potential to be developed as efficacious anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester MI 7DN, UK.
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Seydimemet M, Yang Y, Lv Y, Liu J, Yan Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Lu X. Design, Construction, and Screening of Diversified Pyrimidine-Focused DNA-Encoded Libraries. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1073-1078. [PMID: 37583819 PMCID: PMC10424316 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a ubiquitous component in natural products and approved drugs, providing an ideal modular scaffold for generating libraries with drug-like properties. DNA-encoded library technology introduces a novel library modality where each small molecule is covalently linked to a unique oligo tag. This technology offers the advantages of rapidly generating and interrogating large-scale libraries containing billions of members, substantially reducing the entry barrier to their use in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this Letter, we describe the synthesis of three DNA-encoded libraries based on different functionalized pyrimidine cores featuring diversified chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. Preliminary screening of these DNA-encoded libraries against BRD4 identified compounds with nanomolar inhibition activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengnisa Seydimemet
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuhan Lv
- School
of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- Alphama
Biotechnology Suzhou Co., Ltd., 108 Yuxin Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Ziqin Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang F, Liu F, Min Y, Shi L, Liu M, Wang K, Ke S, Gong Y, Yang Z. Novel Steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines Derived from Epiandrosterone and Androsterone: Synthesis, Characterization and Configuration-Activity Relationships. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062691. [PMID: 36985662 PMCID: PMC10054084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of novel steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines derived from natural epiandrosterone and androsterone were designed and synthesized, and these compounds were screened for their potential anticancer activities. The preliminary bioassay indicated that some of these prepared compounds exhibited significantly good cytotoxic activities against human gastric cancer (SGC-7901), lung cancer (A549), and hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), epiandrosterone, and androsterone. Especially the respective pairs from epiandrosterone and androsterone showed significantly different inhibitory activities, and the possible configuration-activity relationships have also been summarized and discussed based on kinase assay and molecular docking, which indicated that the inhibition activities of these steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines might obviously be affected by the configuration of the hydroxyl group in the part of the steroidal scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yong Min
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Liqiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Manli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Kaimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Shaoyong Ke
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ziwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peng X, Rahim A, Peng W, Jiang F, Gu Z, Wen S. Recent Progress in Cyclic Aryliodonium Chemistry: Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1364-1416. [PMID: 36649301 PMCID: PMC9951228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent aryliodoumiums are intensively investigated as arylating agents. They are excellent surrogates to aryl halides, and moreover they exhibit better reactivity, which allows the corresponding arylation reactions to be performed under mild conditions. In the past decades, acyclic aryliodoniums are widely explored as arylation agents. However, the unmet need for acyclic aryliodoniums is the improvement of their notoriously low reaction economy because the coproduced aryl iodides during the arylation are often wasted. Cyclic aryliodoniums have their intrinsic advantage in terms of reaction economy, and they have started to receive considerable attention due to their valuable synthetic applications to initiate cascade reactions, which can enable the construction of complex structures, including polycycles with potential pharmaceutical and functional properties. Here, we are summarizing the recent advances made in the research field of cyclic aryliodoniums, including the nascent design of aryliodonium species and their synthetic applications. First, the general preparation of typical diphenyl iodoniums is described, followed by the construction of heterocyclic iodoniums and monoaryl iodoniums. Then, the initiated arylations coupled with subsequent domino reactions are summarized to construct polycycles. Meanwhile, the advances in cyclic aryliodoniums for building biaryls including axial atropisomers are discussed in a systematic manner. Finally, a very recent advance of cyclic aryliodoniums employed as halogen-bonding organocatalysts is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu B, Yang X. Why are heterocycles so special in medicinal chemistry? Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:763-764. [PMID: 36420571 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pasuparthy SD, Maiti B. [CMMIM][BF 4 -] Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Facile, One-Pot Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3- d]pyrido[1,2- a]pyrimidin-6-ones: Evaluation of Their Photophysical Properties and Theoretical Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39147-39158. [PMID: 36340130 PMCID: PMC9631728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a novel synthetic route for the synthesis of chromeno[4,3-d]pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-one derivatives 8a-q using an acid ionic liquid [CMMIM][BF4 -] 4 via one-pot, three-component synthesis in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. A series of 17 derivatives have been successfully prepared with up to 93% yield. All the synthesized derivatives were well characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR spectral techniques. Additionally, the photophysical properties of 12 selected derivatives including molar extinction coefficient (ε), Stokes shift (Δυ̅), and quantum yield (Φ) varying from 0.52095 × 104 to 0.93248 × 104, 4216 to 4668 cm-1, and 0.0088 to 0.0459, respectively, have been determined. Furthermore, the experimental data are supported by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Theoretical investigations showed a trend similar to experimental results.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jakubkiene V, Valiulis GE, Schweipert M, Zubriene A, Matulis D, Meyer-Almes FJ, Tumkevicius S. Synthesis and HDAC inhibitory activity of pyrimidine-based hydroxamic acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:837-844. [PMID: 35923158 PMCID: PMC9296983 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an essential role in the transcriptional regulation of cells through the deacetylation of nuclear histone and non-histone proteins and are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of various diseases. Here, the synthesis of new compounds in which a hydroxamic acid residue is attached to differently substituted pyrimidine rings via a methylene group bridge of varying length as potential HDAC inhibitors is described. The target compounds were obtained by alkylation of 2-(alkylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones with ethyl 2-bromoethanoate, ethyl 4-bromobutanoate, or methyl 6-bromohexanoate followed by aminolysis of the obtained esters with hydroxylamine. Oxidation of the 2-methylthio group to the methylsulfonyl group and following treatment with amines resulted in the formation of the corresponding 2-amino-substituted derivatives, the ester group of which reacted with hydroxylamine to give the corresponding hydroxamic acids. The synthesized hydroxamic acids were tested as inhibitors of the HDAC4 and HDAC8 isoforms. Among the synthesized pyrimidine-based hydroxamic acids N-hydroxy-6-[6-methyl-2-(methylthio)-5-propylpyrimidin-4-yloxy]hexanamide was found to be the most potent inhibitor of both the HDAC4 and HDAC8 isoforms, with an IC50 of 16.6 µM and 1.2 µM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginija Jakubkiene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabrielius Ernis Valiulis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Stephanstr. 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Asta Zubriene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Stephanstr. 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sigitas Tumkevicius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|