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Patterson MW, Pivnick L, Mann FD, Grotzinger AD, Monahan KC, Steinberg LD, Oosterhoff B, Tackett JL, Tucker-Drob EM, Harden KP. A Mixed-Methods Approach to Refining and Measuring the Construct of Positive Risk-Taking in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:680-700. [PMID: 36358015 PMCID: PMC10464509 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a peak period for risk-taking, but research has largely overlooked positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking due to ambiguity regarding operationalization and measurement of positive risk-taking. We address this limitation using a mixed-methods approach. We elicited free responses from contemporary college students (N = 74, Mage = 20.1 years) describing a time they took a risk. Qualitative analysis informed the construction of a self-report positive risk-taking scale, which was administered to a population-based sample of adolescents (N = 1,249, Mage = 16 years) for quantitative validation and examination of associations with normative and impulsive personality. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking, whereas extraversion and openness were predominantly related to positive risk-taking. Results provide promising evidence for a valid measure of adolescents' engagement in positive risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan W. Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Lilla Pivnick
- Tennesee Department of Education
- Center for Education Policy Research, Harvard University
| | - Frank D. Mann
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventative Medicine, Stony Brook University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
| | - K. Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
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2
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Willie C, Gill PR, Teese R, Stavropoulos V, Jago A. Emotion-driven problem behaviour: The predictive utility of positive and negative urgency. Brain Neurosci Adv 2022; 6:23982128221079573. [PMID: 35237728 PMCID: PMC8883363 DOI: 10.1177/23982128221079573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsive urgency describes the tendency to act rashly when experiencing extreme emotions. This Australian study aimed to investigate the predictive utility of impulsivity, including impulsive urgency (positive and negative), across a range of problem behaviours. Data from two community samples, one retrospective (n = 281) and one current (n = 604), were analysed using hierarchical regression to determine which facets of impulsivity, as assessed with a comprehensive scale (i.e. negative urgency, positive urgency, lack or premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking), best predicted a series of problem behaviours (i.e. problem gambling, disorderly alcohol use, online gambling disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder behaviours, and social media addiction). The impulsive urgency facets were shown to be significant predictors across the behaviours examined. More specifically, negative urgency was the strongest predictor of disorderly alcohol use, obsessive-compulsive disorder behaviours, and social media addiction. Positive urgency was associated with problem gambling and online gambling disorder behaviours. These findings suggest that impulsive urgency is a key contributing factor in many behavioural problems and that the valence of the urgency is an important consideration when addressing a broad range of psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Willie
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Richard Gill
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Teese
- School of Health Sciences, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Jago
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Nine Levels of Explanation : A Proposed Expansion of Tinbergen's Four-Level Framework for Understanding the Causes of Behavior. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2021; 32:748-793. [PMID: 34739657 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-021-09414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tinbergen's classic "On Aims and Methods of Ethology" (Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 20, 1963) proposed four levels of explanation of behavior, which he thought would soon apply to humans. This paper discusses the need for multilevel explanation; Huxley and Mayr's prior models, and others that followed; Tinbergen's differences with Lorenz on "the innate"; and Mayr's ultimate/proximate distinction. It synthesizes these approaches with nine levels of explanation in three categories: phylogeny, natural selection, and genomics (ultimate causes); maturation, sensitive period effects, and routine environmental effects (intermediate causes); and hormonal/metabolic processes, neural circuitry, and eliciting stimuli (proximate causes), as a respectful extension of Tinbergen's levels. The proposed classification supports and builds on Tinbergen's multilevel model and Mayr's ultimate/proximate continuum, adding intermediate causes in accord with Tinbergen's emphasis on ontogeny. It requires no modification of Standard Evolutionary Theory or The Modern Synthesis, but shows that much that critics claim was missing was in fact part of Neo-Darwinian theory (so named by J. Mark Baldwin in The American Naturalist in 1896) all along, notably reciprocal causation in ontogeny, niche construction, cultural evolution, and multilevel selection. Updates of classical examples in ethology are offered at each of the nine levels, including the neuroethological and genomic findings Tinbergen foresaw. Finally, human examples are supplied at each level, fulfilling his hope of human applications as part of the biology of behavior. This broad ethological framework empowers us to explain human behavior-eventually completely-and vindicates the idea of human nature, and of humans as a part of nature.
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Hillekens J, Buist KL, Horváth LO, Koper N, Ólafsdóttir J, Karkdijk E, Balázs J. Parent-early adolescent relationship quality and problem behavior in Hungary, the Netherlands, India, and Iceland. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:763-774. [PMID: 32720349 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Higher parent-child relationship quality has been associated with less internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. However, it remained less clear whether these associations are universal or depend on the country under investigation. Furthermore, fathers are still understudied, even though there is increasing evidence of their important role in early adolescent development. Our study compared the association of mother-child as well as father-child relationship quality with early adolescents' problem behavior in four culturally different countries, namely Hungary (N = 293; Mage = 11.22; 53% boys), the Netherlands (N = 242; Mage = 11.20; 48% boys), India (N = 230; Mage = 10.68; 61% boys), and Iceland (N = 261; Mage = 10.90; 53% boys). Early adolescents filled out questionnaires in their classroom, assessing warmth and conflict with fathers and mothers and internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Stepwise multi-group path analysis demonstrated no cross-cultural differences in associations between quality of the parent-child relationship and problem behavior. We did not find any effects of maternal or paternal warmth. However, across samples conflict with mothers was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problem behavior, and conflict with fathers was associated with more externalizing problem behavior. Our findings highlight the need to target conflict with both fathers and mothers in interventions across different countries, especially when addressing externalizing problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Hillekens
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Buist
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lili O Horváth
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natasha Koper
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jóna Ólafsdóttir
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Esther Karkdijk
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judit Balázs
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Goodhines PA, Taylor LE, Zaso MJ, Antshel KM, Park A. Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Risk Correlates among Racially-Diverse Urban Adolescents. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2258-2267. [PMID: 32749179 PMCID: PMC7665830 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1800740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most research on prescription stimulant misuse has focused on college students, and research on high school-aged adolescents is limited. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize risk correlates of prescription stimulant misuse among a racially-diverse and socioeconomically-disadvantaged sample of urban adolescents. METHOD Cross-sectional data were drawn from an ongoing study of adolescent health behaviors, Project Teen. Participants were 414 9th to 11th graders (Mage=16.00 [SD = 1.08]; 57% female; 41% Black or African American, 22% White, 18% Asian, 17% Multiracial, 2% Pacific Islander, and 1% Native American; 12% Hispanic/Latinx). Participants completed a web-based survey assessing prescription stimulant misuse, demographics, mental health and personality, social environment, and substance use. RESULTS Eight percent of participants endorsed past-year prescription stimulant misuse. Compared to non-misusing peers, participants endorsing past-year prescription stimulant misuse reported greater depression/anxiety symptoms, sensation seeking, perceived peer risk behavior, and alcohol and cigarette use, as well as a lower level of parental monitoring; null group differences were observed for academic goal orientation, perceived peer approval of risk behavior, and cannabis use. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that binge drinking and cigarette use were significantly associated with prescription stimulant misuse over and above all other identified risk variables. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent prescription stimulant misuse appears to overlap with general adolescent substance use, sharing several known risk correlates. Results highlight potential targets for identification of emerging prescription stimulant misuse risk profiles at earlier stages of development. Longitudinal replication is needed to examine directional associations and risk mechanisms underlying adolescent prescription stimulant misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea E Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Michelle J Zaso
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kevin M Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Mõttus R, Briley DA, Zheng A, Mann FD, Engelhardt LE, Tackett JL, Harden KP, Tucker-Drob EM. Kids becoming less alike: A behavioral genetic analysis of developmental increases in personality variance from childhood to adolescence. J Pers Soc Psychol 2019; 117:635-658. [PMID: 30920282 PMCID: PMC6687565 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent work in personality development has indicated that the magnitude of individual differences in personality increases over child development. Do such patterns reflect the differentiation of individuals by genotype, an increasing influence of environmental factors, or some (interactive) combination of the two? Using a population-based sample of over 2,500 twins and multiples from the Texas Twin Project, we estimated age trends in the variances in self- and parent-reported measures of the Big Five personality traits between Ages 8 and 18 years. We then estimated age trends in the genetic and environmental components of variance in each measure. Individual differences in personality increased in magnitude from childhood through mid-adolescence. This pattern emerged using both children's self-reports and ratings provided by their parents, and was primarily attributable to increases in the magnitude of genetic influences. Most of the increasing genetic variance appeared nonadditive, pointing to the possibility that developmental processes tend to make genetically similar individuals disproportionately more alike in their personality traits over time. These findings could reflect increasing or accumulating effects of trait-by-trait interactions; person-by-environment transactions, whereby genetically similar people are disproportionally likely to experience similar environments; the activation of dominant genes across developmental transitions (e.g., puberty); or some combination of these three processes, among other factors. Theories of personality development will need to accommodate these descriptive findings, and longitudinal, genetically informed designs are needed to test some of the specific hypotheses springing from this study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- René Mõttus
- University of Edinburgh and University of Tartu
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7
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Skogseid IM, Røsby O, Konglund A, Connelly JP, Nedregaard B, Jablonski GE, Kvernmo N, Stray-Pedersen A, Glover JC. Dystonia-deafness syndrome caused by ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity shows striatal dopaminergic dysfunction and response to pallidal stimulation. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:17. [PMID: 29788902 PMCID: PMC5964724 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia-deafness syndrome is a well-known clinical entity, with sensorineural deafness typically manifesting earlier than dystonia. ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity has been reported in six patients to cause combined infant-onset deafness and dystonia manifesting in adolescence or young adulthood. Three of these have received beneficial pallidal stimulation. Brain imaging to assess striatal function has not been reported previously, however. Nor has a comprehensive hypothesis been presented for how the pleiotropic manifestations of this specific beta-actin gene mutation originate developmentally. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old girl with congenital mild dysmorphic facial features, cochlear implants for infant-onset deafness, and mild cognitive and emotional disability, presented with an adolescent-onset, severe generalized dystonia. Brain MRI and multiple single gene sequencing were inconclusive. Due to life-threatening dystonia, we implanted a neurostimulation device, targeting the postero-ventral internal pallidum bilaterally. The Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor/disability scores improved from 87/25 to 21/13 at 2.5 months postoperatively, 26/14 at 3 years, and 30/14 at 4 years. Subsequent whole exome sequencing identified heterozygosity for the ACTB p.Arg183Trp variant. Brain imaging included 123I-ioflupane single photon emission computed tomography (Dopamine Transporter-SPECT), SPECT with 123I-epidepride (binds to dopamine type 2-receptors) and 18 Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose (FDG)-PET. Both Epidepride-SPECT and FDG-PET showed reduced tracer uptake in the striatum bilaterally, particularly in the putamen. DaT-SPECT was slightly abnormal. CONCLUSIONS In this patient with dystonia-deafness syndrome caused by ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity, unprecedented brain imaging findings strongly indicate striatal neuronal/dopaminergic dysfunction as the underlying cause of the dystonia. Pallidal stimulation provided a substantial improvement of the severe generalized dystonia, which is largely sustained at 4-year follow-up, and we advise this treatment to be considered in such patients. We hypothesize that the pleiotropic manifestations of the dystonia-deafness syndrome caused by this mutation derive from diverse developmental functions of beta-actin in neural crest migration and proliferation (facial dysmorphogenesis), hair cell stereocilia function (infant-onset deafness), and altered synaptic activity patterns associated with pubertal changes in striatal function (adolescent-onset dystonia). The temporal differences in developmental onset are likely due to varying degrees of susceptibility and of compensatory upregulation of other actin variants in the affected structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Marie Skogseid
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Po.box. 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Oddveig Røsby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Konglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - James P Connelly
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bård Nedregaard
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Greg Eigner Jablonski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Head, Neck & Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadja Kvernmo
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Po.box. 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joel C Glover
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Harden KP, Kretsch N, Mann FD, Herzhoff K, Tackett JL, Steinberg L, Tucker-Drob EM. Beyond dual systems: A genetically-informed, latent factor model of behavioral and self-report measures related to adolescent risk-taking. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 25:221-234. [PMID: 28082127 PMCID: PMC6886471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual systems model posits that adolescent risk-taking results from an imbalance between a cognitive control system and an incentive processing system. Researchers interested in understanding the development of adolescent risk-taking use a diverse array of behavioral and self-report measures to index cognitive control and incentive processing. It is currently unclear whether different measures commonly interpreted as indicators of the same psychological construct do, in fact, tap the same underlying dimension of individual differences. In a diverse sample of 810 adolescent twins and triplets (M age=15.9years, SD=1.4years) from the Texas Twin Project, we investigated the factor structure of fifteen self-report and task-based measures relevant to adolescent risk-taking. These measures can be organized into four factors, which we labeled premeditation, fearlessness, cognitive dyscontrol, and reward seeking. Most behavioral measures contained large amounts of task-specific variance; however, most genetic variance in each measure was shared with other measures of the corresponding factor. Behavior genetic analyses further indicated that genetic influences on cognitive dyscontrol overlapped nearly perfectly with genetic influences on IQ (rA=-0.91). These findings underscore the limitations of using single laboratory tasks in isolation, and indicate that the study of adolescent risk taking will benefit from applying multimethod approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Natalie Kretsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Frank D Mann
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kathrin Herzhoff
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Tackett
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elliot M Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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9
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Hawes SW, Chahal R, Hallquist MN, Paulsen DJ, Geier CF, Luna B. Modulation of reward-related neural activation on sensation seeking across development. Neuroimage 2017; 147:763-771. [PMID: 27956207 PMCID: PMC5303670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensation seeking is a personality construct associated with an increased propensity for engaging in risk-taking. Associations with deleterious outcomes ranging from mental health impairments to increased mortality rates highlight important public health concerns related to this construct. Although some have suggested that increased neural responsivity to reward within the ventral striatum (e.g., nucleus accumbens) may drive sensation seeking behaviors, few studies have examined the neural mechanisms associated with stable individual differences in sensation seeking across development. To address this issue, the current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the association between neural responding to reward and stable patterns of sensation seeking across a three-year follow-up period among healthy adolescents and young adults (N = 139). Results indicated that during early adolescence (~ages 10-12), increased reactivity to reward within the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) was associated with lower levels of sensation seeking across a three-year follow-up. In middle adolescence (~ages 12-16), there was no evidence of a relationship between NAcc reactivity and sensation seeking. However, during the transition from late adolescence into adulthood (~ages 17-25), heightened reward-related reactivity in the NAcc was linked to increased sensation seeking. Findings suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in trait-like levels of sensation seeking change from early to late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Hawes
- Florida International University, Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Rajpreet Chahal
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, 135 Young Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Michael N Hallquist
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, United States
| | - David J Paulsen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Charles F Geier
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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10
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Op de Macks ZA, Bunge SA, Bell ON, Wilbrecht L, Kriegsfeld LJ, Kayser AS, Dahl RE. Risky decision-making in adolescent girls: The role of pubertal hormones and reward circuitry. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 74:77-91. [PMID: 27591399 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by a greater tendency to take risks. While the adult literature has shown that sex steroids influence reward-related brain functioning and risk taking, research on the role of these hormones during puberty is limited. In this study, we examined the relation between pubertal hormones and adolescent risk taking using a probabilistic decision-making task. In this task, participants could choose on each trial to play or pass based on explicit information about the risk level and stakes involved in their decision. We administered this task to 58 11-to-13-year-old girls while functional MRI images were obtained to examine reward-related brain processes associated with their risky choices. Results showed that higher testosterone levels were associated with increased risk taking, which was mediated by increased medial orbitofrontal cortex activation. Furthermore, higher estradiol levels were associated with increased nucleus accumbens activation, which in turn related to decreased risk taking. These findings offer potential neuroendocrine mechanisms that can explain why some adolescent girls might engage in more risk taking compared to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeňa A Op de Macks
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 175 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Orly N Bell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Linda Wilbrecht
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 175 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2310 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Andrew S Kayser
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA; Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, 1121 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1690, USA
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11
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Mann FD, Patterson MW, Grotzinger AD, Kretsch N, Tackett JL, Tucker-Drob EM, Harden KP. Sensation seeking, peer deviance, and genetic influences on adolescent delinquency: Evidence for person-environment correlation and interaction. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:679-91. [PMID: 27124714 PMCID: PMC8256371 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Both sensation seeking and affiliation with deviant peer groups are risk factors for delinquency in adolescence. In this study, we use a sample of adolescent twins (n = 549), 13 to 20 years old (M age = 15.8 years), in order to test the interactive effects of peer deviance and sensation seeking on delinquency in a genetically informative design. Consistent with a socialization effect, affiliation with deviant peers was associated with higher delinquency even after controlling for selection effects using a co-twin-control comparison. At the same time, there was evidence for person-environment correlation; adolescents with genetic dispositions toward higher sensation seeking were more likely to report having deviant peer groups. Genetic influences on sensation seeking substantially overlapped with genetic influences on adolescent delinquency. Finally, the environmentally mediated effect of peer deviance on adolescent delinquency was moderated by individual differences in sensation seeking. Adolescents reporting high levels of sensation seeking were more susceptible to deviant peers, a Person × Environment interaction. These results are consistent with both selection and socialization processes in adolescent peer relationships, and they highlight the role of sensation seeking as an intermediary phenotype for genetic risk for delinquency. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Mann
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
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