1
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Donald JN, Ciarrochi J, Guo J. Connected or Cutoff? A 4-Year Longitudinal Study of the Links Between Adolescents' Compulsive Internet Use and Social Support. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:299-313. [PMID: 36350186 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221127802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
As the online world plays an increasing role in young peoples' lives, research on compulsive internet use (CIU) is receiving growing attention. Given the social richness of the online world, there is a need to better understand how CIU influences adolescents' social support and vice versa. Drawing on ecological systems theory, we examined the longitudinal links between adolescents' CIU and perceived social support from three sources (parents, teachers, and friends) across 4 critical years of adolescence (Grades 8-11). Using random intercept cross-lagged modeling, we found that CIU consistently preceded reduced social support from teachers, whereas social support from parents preceded increases in CIU over time. We discuss the implications of our findings for parents and schools seeking to support young people experiencing CIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Donald
- The University of Sydney Business School, Darlington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Ciarrochi
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jiesi Guo
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Yan Y, Deng Y, Igartua JJ, Song X. Does Internet Use Promote Subjective Well-Being? Evidence from the Different Age Groups Based on CGSS 2017 Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2897. [PMID: 36833592 PMCID: PMC9957192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mobile Internet technology has developed so rapidly that the Internet has become indispensable in everyday life. There is a continuous debate about the relationship between internet use and subjective well-being. In contrast to observing whether one has Internet access, this paper focuses on three dimensions of Internet usage: frequency of use, online relationship size, and Internet proficiency. Based on the Chinese nationwide data collected in 2017, the results of the ordinary least squares regression model demonstrate that Internet use has a significant positive association with subjective well-being. In addition, this study also discovers that the effect of Internet use on the subjective well-being of individuals of different ages is heterogeneous; middle-aged individuals benefit from more frequent Internet use and larger-scale networks; the young and older adults benefit from organizing communication in groups. The results of this study can provide targeted suggestions for improving the subjective well-being of different age groups in Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yan
- School of Journalism and Communication, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi’an 710122, China
| | - Yuying Deng
- Department of Sociology and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan-José Igartua
- Department of Sociology and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xiagang Song
- School of Law, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
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3
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Murphy ER. Hope and well-being. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 50:101558. [PMID: 36822123 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The numerous benefits of hope have been supported through decades of empirical research. One of these benefits is a marked increase in one's well-being. Well-being has been theoretically explored in the realms of an individual's interpersonal relations, life satisfaction, and capacity to reach their full potential. This positive relationship between hope and well-being has continued to be supported in recent literature and has been observed in various populations and amid a worldwide pandemic. Hope predicts increases in well-being in students, children, adolescents, and adults of different ages. This effect is seen across several ethnic groups and clinical populations. In addition, hope plays a mediating role between predictive constructs and well-being outcomes. To expand existing knowledge surrounding hope and its impacts on wellness, it is crucial to continue to diversify our populations of interest when exploring these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah R Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston TX, USA.
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4
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Your support is my healing: the impact of perceived social support on adolescent NSSI — a sequential mediation analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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5
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Zhang X, Wang D, Li F. Physical Exercise, Social Capital, Hope, and Subjective Well-Being in China: A Parallel Mediation Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:303. [PMID: 36612625 PMCID: PMC9819114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on data from the 2017 China General Social Survey, a conditional process analysis was conducted to explore the association between physical exercise and subjective well-being, as well as the parallel mediating effect of social networks and a sense of hope. The results showed that physical exercise had a significant positive predictive effect on the participants' subjective well-being. Furthermore, social networks and a sense of hope mediated the association between physical exercise and subjective well-being. Physical exercise indirectly promoted subjective well-being by enhancing social networks and a sense of hope. However, the indirect effect of a sense of hope on the association between physical exercise and subjective well-being was greater than that of social networks. The results of this study revealed the internal mechanism of the effect of participation in physical exercise on the improvement of subjective well-being, which is of great significance for formulating relevant policies and plans to further improve Chinese residents' well-being.
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6
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Grygiel P, Rębisz S, Gaweł A, Ostafińska-Molik B, Michel M, Łosiak-Pilch J, Dolata R. The Inclusion of Other-Sex Peers in Peer Networks and Sense of Peer Integration in Early Adolescence: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14971. [PMID: 36429689 PMCID: PMC9691103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of the analysis presented in this paper is to examine the dynamics of including other-sex peers in the peer networks of early adolescents, aged 11 (at T1) and 13 (at T2), and the relationship between sex heterophily and changes in the sense of peer integration. The analysis was conducted using the Latent Difference Score (LDS) model with data from a representative nationwide longitudinal study in Poland (n = 5748). With reference to the dynamics related to the heterophilic process, the research confirmed that at the beginning of grade 5 of primary school, heterophily is still relatively rare, yet towards the end of early adolescence, there is a gradual shift, more strongly in girls, towards breaking through the strictly same-sex segregation and embarking on heterophilic relationships. Importantly, the LDS model-even when controlling for different measures of peer network-showed significant and positive (among both girls and boys) relations between establishing cross-sex relationships and the sense of peer integration. The results indicate that the appearance of the opposite sex in the peer network between grades 5 and 6 will improve the sense of peer integration. The findings are discussed in relation to results from other studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Grygiel
- Institute of Education, Jagiellonian University, 31-135 Cracow, Poland
| | - Sławomir Rębisz
- Institute of Education, Rzeszów University; 35-010 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Gaweł
- Institute of Education, Jagiellonian University, 31-135 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Michel
- Institute of Education, Jagiellonian University, 31-135 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Roman Dolata
- Faculty of Education, University of Warsaw, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Guerrero M, Longan C, Cummings C, Kassanits J, Reilly A, Stevens E, Jason LA. Women's Friendships: A Basis for Individual-Level Resources and Their Connection to Power and Optimism. THE HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGIST : BULLETIN OF THE DIVISION OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY, DIVISION 32 OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2022; 50:360-375. [PMID: 36187574 PMCID: PMC9520295 DOI: 10.1037/hum0000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study examined how friendships among women in recovery from substance use disorders are related to individual resources (e.g., social support, self-esteem, and hope) and empowerment (e.g., power and optimism). Findings from a path analysis of 244 women in recovery revealed that friendships among women were positively related to individual resources; that is, the stronger the relationships with other women, the higher women perceived their resources to be. Further, individual-level resources mediated the relations between friendships and empowerment, with higher levels of individual resources related to higher levels of empowerment constructs of power and optimism. Results point to the importance of developing and sustaining empowering relationships for women in recovery. Findings have implications for gender-specific treatment practices and recommendations impacting substance use recovery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey Longan
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University
| | | | | | | | - Ed Stevens
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University
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8
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Block VJ, Haller E, Villanueva J, Meyer A, Benoy C, Walter M, Lang UE, Gloster AT. Meaningful Relationships in Community and Clinical Samples: Their Importance for Mental Health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:832520. [PMID: 35645935 PMCID: PMC9133738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.832520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Meaningful relationships are centrally important for human functioning. It remains unclear, however, which aspects of meaningful relationships impact wellbeing the most and whether these differ between psychiatric patients and members of the community. Information about relationship attributes and functions were collected in community members (N = 297) and psychiatric patients (N = 177). Relationship attributes and functions were examined for differences between groups (community vs. patients), their impact on wellbeing and symptoms, and the size of network (one vs. many relationships). Community members reported fewer relationships, higher frequency of contact and less desire for change when compared to the psychiatric patients. Nevertheless, both groups reported relatively high levels of fulfilled functions. Quality of the relationship and investment into the relationship was associated with both wellbeing and symptoms for both the community and the patient group. Almost all functions were associated with wellbeing and symptoms for the community group. However, for the patient group, only few functions (sexual partner, go-to person for compassion, go-to person when happy) were associated with wellbeing and no functions were associated with symptoms. Contrary to our hypotheses, the results show that psychiatric patients do not have a deficit in fulfilling relationships. Most people report a well-functioning network of meaningful, high-quality relationships. Patients benefit from meaningful, function-fulfilling relationships just as much as community members. Results are discussed with respect to how targeting relationships can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J. Block
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Haller
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeanette Villanueva
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Meyer
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Benoy
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre Hospitalier Neuro-Psychiatrique Luxembourg (CHNP), Ettelbruck, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Walter
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Andrew T. Gloster, , orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-0878
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9
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Ciarrochi J, Hayes SC, Oades LG, Hofmann SG. Toward a Unified Framework for Positive Psychology Interventions: Evidence-Based Processes of Change in Coaching, Prevention, and Training. Front Psychol 2022; 12:809362. [PMID: 35222161 PMCID: PMC8866971 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.809362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2000, research within positive psychology has exploded, as reflected in dozens of meta-analyses of different interventions and targeted processes, including strength spotting, positive affect, meaning in life, mindfulness, gratitude, hope, and passion. Frequently, researchers treat positive psychology processes of change as distinct from each other and unrelated to processes in clinical psychology. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for positive psychology processes that crosses theoretical orientation, links coherently to clinical psychology and its more dominantly "negative" processes, and supports practitioners in their efforts to personalize positive psychological interventions. We argue that a multi-dimensional and multi-level extended evolutionary approach can organize effective processes of change in psychosocial interventions, by focusing interventions on context-appropriate variation, selection, and retention of processes, arranged in terms of key biopsychosocial dimensions across psychological, biophysiological, and sociocultural levels of analysis. We review widely studied positive psychology constructs and programs and show how this evolutionary approach can readily accommodate them and provide a common language and framework for improving human and community flourishing. We conclude that Interventions should start with the person, not the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven C Hayes
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Lindsay G Oades
- Centre for Positive Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Han K. Students' Well-Being: The Mediating Roles of Grit and School Connectedness. Front Psychol 2021; 12:787861. [PMID: 34867697 PMCID: PMC8637869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.787861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A remarkable point in previous decades in every aspect of life is well-being which is also effective in academic settings, and it is consistent with positive psychology, in which one can recognize how to make everything pleasing. Moreover, grit is another noteworthy point in the process of learning, which is at the center of researchers’ attention in last years as a result of its long-term eminence. In addition, school connectedness is another important factor that was found to be positively related to students’ well-being. Therefore, the current review endeavors to emphasize the mediating role of these two constructs, grit and school connectedness on students’ well-being. Successively, some implications are proposed for educators, learners, teacher educators, and materials developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunni Han
- College of Liberal Arts, Journalism and Communication, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute for Research on Portuguese-Speaking Countries, City University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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11
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Mazhari F, Khoshnood Z. Exploring the care needs of Iranian patients with cancer: a qualitative content analysis. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:138. [PMID: 34372854 PMCID: PMC8351099 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer is currently one of the most critical health problems worldwide. Different studies have shown that disease can reduce people's ability to take care of themselves and this makes them face many needs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate unmet needs faced by patients with cancer. METHODS: This study employed a conventional, qualitative content analysis method. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 13 participants in 15 interview sessions. With the in-depth semi-structured approach, the participants were asked to narrate their experiences of self-care needs in the process of disease. The collected data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's method through the following steps: Construction of the units of analysis, construction of codes of meaning, condensation, extracting codes, and categorization (subcategories, categories, and the core category) . RESULTS: Data analysis revealed two main categories. The first category was "Deficiency in disease management" with three subcategories: "the need to get rid of annoying physical symptoms"," the need for a caregiver to help with the daily routine", and "feeling frustrated and giving up treatment". The second main category covered "the need for sympathetic and knowledgeable caregivers" with the following five subcategories:" the need for sympathy and interaction with the nurse", "the need to hear the truth about the illness ", "the need for appropriate therapeutic interaction from physicians", "Inadequate qualification of medical secretaries about the patient", and" need for advice from psychologists for psychological adaptation". CONCLUSION: The most critical need reported by the patients was the need for compassionate and informed caregivers. So nursing management and care with kindness, competence, and conscience is the fundamental right of patients with cancer. Identifying patients' needs and problems can be used as a background for increasing the knowledge and experience of nurses and providing care for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mazhari
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Geriatric Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Khoshnood
- Nursing Research Center, Razi School Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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12
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Abdul Kadir NB, Mohd RH. The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development, Purpose in Life, Hope, and Well-Being Among Emerging Adults in Malaysia. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641876. [PMID: 34335359 PMCID: PMC8319496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence supports Lerner and colleagues' 5Cs model of positive youth development (PYD) in the United States (U.S.). Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether the 5Cs can be used to identify positive development in the under-researched Asian contexts, such as Malaysia. Thus, this study examined the 5Cs of PYD (competence, confidence, character, connection, and caring) and their importance to purpose in life, hope, and well-being in a sample of emerging adult undergraduate university students in Malaysia. Data were collected from 400 participants from 15 Malaysian universities (132 males, 268 females; ages ranged from 18 to 26 years old, M = 22). A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that two of the 5Cs of PYD (confidence and connection) as well as hope were important to explaining variation in well-being. The findings imply that there are strong links between PYD, especially confidence and connection, and well-being, while purpose in life and hope were indirectly related to the 2Cs (confidence and connection) of PYD and well-being. Therefore, mental health professionals are encouraged to review and redefine their treatment design to include confidence, connection, purpose in life and hope when working with Malaysian emerging adult university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Ba'yah Abdul Kadir
- Psychology Program, Center for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Rusyda Helma Mohd
- Human Development Program, Center for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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13
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Zhao J, Qin Y. Perceived Teacher Autonomy Support and Students' Deep Learning: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Perceived Peer Support. Front Psychol 2021; 12:652796. [PMID: 34234709 PMCID: PMC8255670 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.652796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to test the mediation effect of self-efficacy on college student's perception of teacher autonomy support and students' deep learning, and whether the peer support perceived by students can moderate the relationship between perceived teacher autonomy support and deep learning. A survey of 1,800 college students from a provincial undergraduate normal university in Guizhou Province in China was conducted through the revised Perceived Teacher Autonomy Support Scale, Deep Learning Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, and Perceived Peer Support Scale (Mean age = 21 years old, SD = 1.34). Data use SPSS23.0, AMOS22.0 for descriptive analysis and correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), moderation effect, and mediation effect analysis. The research results show that after controlling for gender, major, and grade, self-efficacy partially moderates the connection between perceived teacher autonomy support and deep learning of college students. Moreover, perceived peer support mediates the relationship between perceived teacher autonomy support and students' self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Qin
- Faculty of Education, Languages & Psychology, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Malaysia
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14
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Knickenberg M, Zurbriggen C, Schmidt P. Peers als Quelle aktueller Motivation? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PADAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1024/1010-0652/a000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die Relevanz von Peers für die Entwicklung von Jugendlichen konnte in verschiedenen Studien bereits bestätigt werden. Im Unterricht zeigt sich dies u.a. durch höhere situative Motivation und Freude sowie geringerem Stressempfinden während sozialer Interaktionen mit Mitschülerinnen und -schülern verglichen mit Einzelarbeitssituationen. Allerdings stellte sich auch heraus, dass Jugendliche mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten Schwierigkeiten im Knüpfen und Aufrechterhalten von sozialen Kontakten und Freundschaften haben. Während in bisherigen Studien Verhalten als dichotome Variable untersucht wurde, wird hier ein dimensionaler, personzentrierter Ansatz zur Identifizierung von Gruppen mit heterogenen Verhaltensweisen verfolgt. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher die Untersuchung von Effekten sozialer Interaktionen im Unterricht auf das emotionale Erleben von Jugendlichen mit heterogenen Verhaltensweisen. Zudem wird ein möglicher Moderationseffekt der Klassenkomposition in Bezug auf das Verhalten überprüft. Hierzu wurden N = 719 Schülerinnen und Schülern der fünften und sechsten Jahrgangsstufe unter Verwendung der experience sampling method zu zwei bis drei Messzeitpunkten pro Tag an fünf aufeinanderfolgenden Schultagen zu ihrem aktuellen emotionalen Erleben und ihrem sozialen Kontext befragt. Insgesamt lagen 8870 „Momentaufnahmen“ des emotionalen Erlebens und von Unterrichtssituationen vor. Auf der Grundlage von Verhaltenseinschätzungen durch Lehrpersonen wurden mittels latenter Profilanalysen drei Profiltypen innerhalb der Schülerschaft identifiziert: Jugendliche mit adaptivem, internalisierendem und externalisierendem Verhalten. Ergebnisse von Multilevel-Strukturgleichungsmodellen zeigen, dass Jugendliche in Unterrichtssituationen, in denen sie mit ihren Peers interagieren (z.B. in Partner- oder Gruppenarbeiten), motivierter und weniger gestresst sind als in Einzelsituationen. Für Jugendliche mit externalisierendem oder internalisierendem Verhalten ist dieser Effekt stärker ausgeprägt. Die geringfügigen, jedoch nicht signifikanten differenziellen moderierenden Effekte verweisen zudem darauf, dass der Zusammenhang des emotionalen Erlebens und der Peerinteraktionen für Jugendliche nicht durch ihr Klassenumfeld in Bezug auf prosoziales oder problematisches Verhalten moderiert wird. Die Ergebnisse werden sowohl methodisch als auch inhaltlich diskutiert, unter anderem in Bezug auf die Frage, ob und inwiefern Peers Quellen aktueller Motivation im Unterricht darstellen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Zurbriggen
- Fakultät für Geisteswissenschaften, Erziehungswissenschaften und Sozialwissenschaften, Universität Luxemburg
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15
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Bukowski WM, Dirks M, Persram RJ, Wright L, Infantino E. Peer relations and socioeconomic status and inequality. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2020; 2020:27-37. [PMID: 33113269 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although peer relations are recognized as a fundamental developmental context, they have been rarely studied as a means of understanding the effects of socioeconomic status and inequality. In this paper, we show how and why peer relations provide a unique and powerful opportunity to assess the differential risks and resources available in the peer system to children and adolescents from different SES spectra. We argue that research on the intersection between SES and peer relations will enrich both these domains of study.
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16
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Li S, Ingram PB, Duan C. Validation of the Integrative Hope Scale in a Chinese college student population. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2019.1706155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Paul B. Ingram
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, KS, USA
| | - Changming Duan
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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17
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Satici B. Testing a model of subjective well-being: The roles of optimism, psychological vulnerability, and shyness. Health Psychol Open 2019; 6:2055102919884290. [PMID: 31666980 PMCID: PMC6801894 DOI: 10.1177/2055102919884290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This research extended current positive psychological research by investigating
the mediating effect of shyness on the association between optimism,
psychological vulnerability and subjective well-being. Two hundred fifty-five
volunteer university students (131 females and 124 males, mean age = 23.14)
participated in the study. The structural equation modeling revealed shyness
fully mediated the effect of psychological vulnerability on subjective
well-being, while shyness partially mediated the effect of optimism on
subjective well-being. Also, bootstrapping procedures confirmed that
psychological vulnerability was indirectly associated with subjective well-being
through shyness, whereas optimism was directly associated with subjective
well-being. The implications for future studies and the limitations of the study
were discussed in the context of the relevant literature.
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Benish‐Weisman M, Daniel E, McDonald KL. Values and adolescents' self‐esteem: The role of value content and congruence with classmates. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schreuders E, Smeekens S, Cillessen AH, Güroğlu B. Friends and foes: Neural correlates of prosocial decisions with peers in adolescence. Neuropsychologia 2019; 129:153-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ciarrochi J, Sahdra BK, Hawley PH, Devine EK. The Upsides and Downsides of the Dark Side: A Longitudinal Study Into the Role of Prosocial and Antisocial Strategies in Close Friendship Formation. Front Psychol 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30873057 PMCID: PMC6401596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Resource control theory (RCT) posits that both antisocial and prosocial behaviors combine in unique ways to control resources such as friendships. We assessed students (N = 2,803; 49.7% male) yearly from junior (grades 8-10) to senior high school (11-12) on antisocial (A) and prosocial (P) behavior, peer nominated friendship, and well-being. Non-parametric cluster analyses of the joint trajectories of A and P identified four stable profiles: non-strategic (moderately low A and P), bi-strategic (moderately high on A and P), prosocial (moderately low A and moderately high on P), and antisocial (moderately low on P, and very high on A). There were clear benefits to youth using bi-strategic strategies in junior high: they attracted relatively high levels of opposite sex friendship nominations. However, this benefit disappeared in senior high. There were also clear costs: bi-strategic youth experienced relatively low well-being, and this effect was significantly more pronounced for females than males. Prosocial youth were the only ones who maintained both high friendship numbers and high well-being throughout high school. We discuss the cost/benefit trade-offs of different resource control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Baljinder K. Sahdra
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Emma K. Devine
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Medina MA, Rivas-Drake D, Jagers RJ, Rowley SJ. Friends matter: Ethnic-racial identity and school adjustment among African American and Latino early adolescents. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2018.1524712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Donald JN, Ciarrochi J, Parker PD, Sahdra BK. Compulsive internet use and the development of self-esteem and hope: A four-year longitudinal study. J Pers 2018; 87:981-995. [PMID: 30592047 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compulsive internet use (CIU) has been linked to decrements in mental health and well-being. However, relatively little is known about how CIU relates to evaluations of the self, and in particular, whether CIU is antecedent to or is a consequence of negative evaluations of one's social worth (self-esteem) and general efficacy (hope). To examine this, we explored the longitudinal relations between CIU and the development of self-esteem and hope among adolescents over a four-year period. METHOD Two thousand eight hundred and nine adolescents completed measures yearly from Grade 8 (MAge = 13.7) to Grade 11. Autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models were used to test whether CIU influenced or was influenced by self-esteem and hope. RESULTS We found consistent support for a CIU-as-antecedent model. CIU preceded reductions in trait hope, and small reductions in self-esteem. In contrast, we did not find evidence for a CIU-as-consequence model: low self-esteem and hope did not predict increases in CIU over time. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CIU has negative consequences for young people's feelings of goal-efficacy, and that interventions that address the compulsive use of the internet are likely to strengthen hope and self-esteem among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Donald
- University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip D Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Baljinder K Sahdra
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
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Hayes SC, Hofmann SG, Stanton CE, Carpenter JK, Sanford BT, Curtiss JE, Ciarrochi J. The role of the individual in the coming era of process-based therapy. Behav Res Ther 2018; 117:40-53. [PMID: 30348451 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
For decades the development of evidence-based therapy has been based on experimental tests of protocols designed to impact psychiatric syndromes. As this paradigm weakens, a more process-based therapy approach is rising in its place, focused on how to best target and change core biopsychosocial processes in specific situations for given goals with given clients. This is an inherently more idiographic question than has normally been at issue in evidence-based therapy over the last few decades. In this article we explore methods of assessment and analysis that can integrate idiographic and nomothetic approaches in a process-based era.
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Newland LA, Giger JT, Lawler MJ, Roh S, Brockevelt BL, Schweinle A. Multilevel Analysis of Child and Adolescent Subjective Well-Being Across 14 Countries: Child- and Country-Level Predictors. Child Dev 2018; 90:395-413. [PMID: 30171770 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study tests an ecological, relationship-based model of children's subjective well-being with 9- to 14-year-old children (n = 25,906) from 14 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Children completed the Children's Worlds survey, a self-report measure of contextual and well-being indicators. Multilevel modeling was used to predict children's well-being (life satisfaction and self-image) at two levels, child (age, gender, home context, family relationships, peer relationships, school context, teacher relationships, and neighborhood quality), and country (gross domestic product and income inequality). Findings indicated that intercepts varied significantly across countries. The majority of variance in children's well-being was attributed to child-level rather than country-level factors. Country-level factors did not strongly predict well-being but marginally improved model fit.
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Linking protean career orientation to well-being: the role of psychological capital. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-07-2017-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of protean career orientation (PCO) and psychological capital (PsyCap) on well-being among knowledge workers.Design/methodology/approachThe author adopted a two-wave cross-lagged design. In total, 518 knowledge workers at three enterprises in China were sampled to complete the Direnzoet al.’s (2015) Protean Career Orientation Questionnaire, Luthanset al.’s (2007) Psychological Capacity Questionnaire, and Ryff and Keyes’ (1995) Psychological Well-Being Scale. The main statistical methods involved descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis.FindingsThe findings of the study were as follows: PCO positively predicted PsyCap among knowledge workers; both PCO and PsyCap positively contributed to knowledge workers’ well-being; and knowledge workers’ PsyCap partially mediated the relationship between their PCO and well-being.Originality/valueRare empirical studies were conducted on the relationship between PCO and psychological well-being. The previous findings are inconsistent on whether PCO is an antecedent of PsyCap, or PsyCap is an antecedent of PCO. The author conducted a cross-lagged survey to examine the above relationships; to certain extent, the present study addresses the research gap and contributes to the burgeoning literature.
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Happy classes make happy students: Classmates' well-being predicts individual student well-being. J Sch Psychol 2017; 65:116-128. [PMID: 29145940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Student well-being has mostly been studied as an individual phenomenon with little research investigating how the well-being of one's classmates could influence a student's well-being. The aim of the current study was to examine how the aggregate well-being of students who comprise a class could predict students' subsequent well-being (Time 2 well-being) after controlling for the effects of prior well-being (Time 1 well-being) as well as key demographic variables such as gender and age. Two studies among Filipino secondary school students were conducted. In Study 1, 788 students from 21 classes participated; in Study 2, 404 students from 10 classes participated. For Study 1, questionnaires assessing students' life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect were administered twice seven months apart. For Study 2, the well-being questionnaires were administered twice, three months apart. Hierarchical linear modeling was used with level 1 (Time 1 individual well-being, gender, and age) and level 2 (class well-being) predictors. Results across the two studies provided converging lines of evidence: students who were in classes with higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect were also more likely to have higher life satisfaction and positive affect at Time 2. The study indicated that the well-being of a student partly depends on the well-being of their classmates providing evidence for the social contagion of well-being in the classroom context.
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Ingram PB, Warlick CA, Ternes MS, Krieshok TS. Examining the feasibility of the integrated hope scale in American college students. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2017.1318111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Ingram
- Department of Psychological Sciences Lubbock, Texas Tech University, Texas, USA
| | - Craig A. Warlick
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael S. Ternes
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Thomas S. Krieshok
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Geng Y. Gratitude mediates the effect of emotional intelligence on subjective well-being: A structural equation modeling analysis. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:1378-1386. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105316677295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship among emotional intelligence, gratitude, and subjective well-being in a sample of university students. A total of 365 undergraduates completed the emotional intelligence scale, the gratitude questionnaire, and the subjective well-being measures. The results of the structural equation model showed that emotional intelligence is positively associated with gratitude and subjective well-being, that gratitude is positively associated with subjective well-being, and that gratitude partially mediates the positive relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being. Bootstrap test results also revealed that emotional intelligence has a significant indirect effect on subjective well-being through gratitude.
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Shoshani A, Steinmetz S, Kanat-Maymon Y. Effects of the Maytiv positive psychology school program on early adolescents' well-being, engagement, and achievement. J Sch Psychol 2016; 57:73-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Online social networking and psychological experiences: The perceptions of young people with mental health difficulties. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Davis MP, Lagman R, Parala A, Patel C, Sanford T, Fielding F, Brumbaugh A, Gross J, Rao A, Majeed S, Shinde S, Rybicki LA. Hope, Symptoms, and Palliative Care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2016; 34:223-232. [PMID: 26809826 DOI: 10.1177/1049909115627772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hope is important to patients with cancer. Identifying factors that influence hope is important. Anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain are reported to impair hope. The objective of this study was to determine whether age, gender, marital status, duration of cancer, symptoms, or symptom burden measured by the sum of severity scores on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) correlated with hope measured by the Herth Hope Index (HHI). METHODS Patients with advanced cancer in a palliative care unit participated. Demographics including age, gender, marital status, cancer site, and duration of cancer were collected. Individuals completed the ESAS and HHI. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to assess associations adjusting for gender (male vs female), age (< 65 vs ≥ 65 years), marital status (married or living with a partner vs other), and duration of cancer (≤ 12 vs > 12 months). RESULTS One hundred and ninety-seven were participated in the study, of which 55% were female with a mean age of 61 years (standard deviation 11). Hope was not associated with gender, age, marital status, or duration of cancer. In univariable analysis, hope inversely correlated with ESAS score (-0.28), lack of appetite (-0.22), shortness of breath (-0.17), depression (-0.39), anxiety (-0.32), and lack of well-being (-0.33); only depression was clinically relevant. In multivariable analysis, total symptom burden weakly correlated with hope; only depression remained clinically significant. DISCUSSION This study found correlation between symptom burden and hope was not clinically relevant but was so for depression. CONCLUSION Among 9 ESAS symptoms, only depression had a clinically relevant correlation with hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellar P Davis
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ruth Lagman
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Armida Parala
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chirag Patel
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tanya Sanford
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Flannery Fielding
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anita Brumbaugh
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Gross
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Archana Rao
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumreen Majeed
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shivani Shinde
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Rybicki
- 1 Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ciarrochi J, Parker PD, Sahdra BK, Kashdan TB, Kiuru N, Conigrave J. When Empathy Matters: The Role of Sex and Empathy in Close Friendships. J Pers 2016; 85:494-504. [PMID: 27012715 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on prior theory and research (Ciarrochi & Heaven, 2009; Eagly & Wood, 1999), we hypothesized that the link between empathy and friendship would be moderated by sex: Girls will nominate empathic boys as friends, whereas boys will not tend to nominate empathic girls. We collected measures of empathy, friendship social support, and close friendship nominations in grade 10 across 1,970 students in 16 schools (Mage = 15.70, SD = .44; males = 993, females = 977). Multilevel models revealed that boys high in cognitive empathy attracted an average of 1.8 more girl friendship nominations than did their low empathy counterparts, whereas empathic girls did not attract a greater number of opposite-sex friends. In addition, the more friendship nominations a boy received from either boys or girls, the more they felt supported by their friends; the number of friendship nominations received by girls, in contrast, had no effect on their felt support by friends. Regardless of the quantity of friendship nominations, empathy was linked to more supportive friendships for both males and females. These results inform a contextual understanding of the role of empathy in selecting and maintaining friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
| | - Philip D Parker
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
| | - Baljinder K Sahdra
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
| | | | | | - James Conigrave
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
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Sahdra BK, Ciarrochi J, Parker PD, Marshall S, Heaven P. Empathy and nonattachment independently predict peer nominations of prosocial behavior of adolescents. Front Psychol 2015; 6:263. [PMID: 25852590 PMCID: PMC4365438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a plethora of research showing that empathy promotes prosocial behavior among young people. We examined a relatively new construct in the mindfulness literature, nonattachment, defined as a flexible way of relating to one's experiences without clinging to or suppressing them. We tested whether nonattachment could predict prosociality above and beyond empathy. Nonattachment implies high cognitive flexibility and sufficient mental resources to step out of excessive self-cherishing to be there for others in need. Multilevel Poisson models using a sample of 15-year olds (N = 1831) showed that empathy and nonattachment independently predicted prosocial behaviors of helpfulness and kindness, as judged by same-sex and opposite-sex peers, except for when boys nominated girls. The effects of nonattachment remained substantial in more conservative models including self-esteem and peer nominations of liking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder K. Sahdra
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic UniversityStrathfield, NSW, Australia
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