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Magro-Montañés B, Pabón-Carrasco M, Romero-Castillo R, Ponce-Blandón JA, Jiménez-Picón N. The relationship between neighborhood social capital and health from a biopsychosocial perspective: A systematic review. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:845-861. [PMID: 38639208 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Social Determinants of Health (SDH) influence the health of people throughout their lives, and can be positive, protective or risk factors for the population and, in turn, biological, psychological, or social. The social environment conditions the health status of the neighborhood, population, and social group, which can be a health asset due to its strong psychosocial and socio-cultural influence. Social capital is a community asset of the healthy neighborhood that must be known in order to promote community health. OBJECTIVES The objective is to determine the relationship between social capital and neighborhood biopsychosocial health. METHODS A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA: PubMed, Wos, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The search was conducted from January to March 2023. Three authors independently extracted data using a structured form. RESULTS Out of 527 records, 17 results passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The positive and statistically significant relationship between neighborhood social capital (NSC) and the physical and mental health of neighbors is confirmed, that is, the higher the NSC, the more exercise, better oral health in children and physical health in pregnant women, lower tobacco consumption and lower prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus. At the psychological level, greater NSC leads to better mental health, mental well-being, life satisfaction, quality of life, self-perceived health, higher cognitive function, and less depression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, social capital is an important SDH and health asset that influences neighborhood biopsychosocial health and should be known and researched for health promotion in community settings. More evidence is needed to support the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Magro-Montañés
- Hospital de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain
- Red Cross Nursing University Centre, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Pabón-Carrasco
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Romero-Castillo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio Ponce-Blandón
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Nerea Jiménez-Picón
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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2
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Chaffee BW. Self-perceived quality of social roles, activities and relationships predicts incident gingivitis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024. [PMID: 38654403 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While physical health status is known to impact social functioning, a growing literature suggests that social well-being may affect oral health. This investigation evaluated whether self-perceived quality of social roles, activities and relationships (social well-being) influences gingival inflammation. METHODS Data were from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative cohort of US adults, biennial waves 4 (2017) to 6 (2021). Social well-being was derived from the validated PROMIS Global-10 survey instrument, categorized for this longitudinal analysis as high, moderate or low. The main outcome was incident self-reported gum bleeding (dichotomous, proxy for gingivitis). Survey-weighted logistic regression modelling adjusted for overall health status, sociodemographic (e.g. age, sex, race/ethnicity), socioeconomic (e.g. income, education) and behavioural (e.g. tobacco, alcohol) confounders and was used to predict marginal mean gum bleeding incidence. RESULTS Cross-sectionally at wave 4 (N = 23 679), gum bleeding prevalence was higher along a stepwise gradient of decreasing satisfaction with social activities and relationships (extremely satisfied: 20.4%; not at all: 40.1%). Longitudinally, among participants who had never reported gum bleeding through wave 4 (N = 9695), marginal predicted new gum bleeding at wave 6 was greater with each category of lower wave 4-5 social well-being (high: 7.6%; moderate: 8.6%; low: 12.4%). Findings were robust to alternative model specifications. Results should be interpreted considering study limitations (e.g. potential unmeasured confounding; outcome by self-report). CONCLUSIONS Social functioning may affect physical health. Specifically, social roles, activities and relationships may influence inflammatory oral conditions, like gingivitis. Confirmatory research is warranted, along with policies and interventions that promote social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Chaffee
- University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Almajed OS, Aljouie AA, Alharbi MS, Alsulaimi LM. The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Pediatric Oral Health: A Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e53567. [PMID: 38445162 PMCID: PMC10914081 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review examines the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on pediatric oral health, emphasizing disparities in dental caries prevalence and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Utilizing an extensive literature search through PubMed, Google Scholar, and the chat.consensus.app plugin, we synthesized findings from studies published up to December 2023. The review highlights a consistent association between lower SES and adverse pediatric oral health outcomes, influenced by parental education, household income, food security, and neighborhood conditions. It also underscores the importance of the life-course perspective, showing how early-life socioeconomic disadvantages can have long-lasting effects on oral health. Furthermore, the review points to the critical role of school-based oral health education programs and the complex interplay between mental health, SES, and pediatric oral health. By examining the impact of socioeconomic factors across different childhood stages and the effectiveness of educational interventions, this review calls for targeted interventions and policy initiatives aimed at reducing socioeconomic inequalities in pediatric oral health. The findings advocate for a multifaceted approach to improve oral health outcomes for children across socioeconomic backgrounds, ensuring equitable access to oral health care and promoting overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Almajed
- Pediatric Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
- Dental Public Health, King's College London, London, GBR
| | - Alhareth A Aljouie
- Pediatric Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Mayar S Alharbi
- Pediatric Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Leenah M Alsulaimi
- Pediatric Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
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Burgette JM, Trivedi AV, Dahl ZT, Weyant RJ, McNeil DW, Foxman B, Marazita ML. Mother's Experience of Conflict Within Their Family Social Network when Advocating for Children's oral Health. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:151-157. [PMID: 36352279 PMCID: PMC10425745 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine whether mothers perceived that child oral health was a source of conflict in family relationships. METHODS This cross-sectional qualitative study consisted of 126 semi-structured interviews with mothers of 3-5 year-old children from West Virginia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Interviews consisted of open-ended questions on the mother's social relationships that affected child dental visits, oral hygiene, and diet. The data were analyzed using template analysis. RESULTS Over 85% (n = 111/126) of mothers reported interpersonal conflict in their familial relationships related to child oral health. Most (78%) mothers reported conflict with their partners and 58% of mothers reported conflict with the child's grandparents. Conflicts primarily centered around keeping a consistent oral hygiene routine for the child and the promotion of a low-cariogenic diet. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Mothers perceived child oral health promotion as a source of conflict in the family. This study suggests that identifying effective strategies to reduce conflict with caretakers are indicated. Oral health professionals can take an active role not only in communicating with the mother, but also with other caretaking adults in the family to promote oral health practices that benefit all children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Burgette
- Departments of Dental Public Health and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Morgantown, USA.
| | - Ami V Trivedi
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Morgantown, USA
- DMD and MMPH Candidate, School of Dental Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Zelda T Dahl
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Morgantown, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Robert J Weyant
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Morgantown, USA
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel W McNeil
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Morgantown, USA
- Department of Psychology, Eberly College of Arts & Sciences; and Clinical Professor, Department of Dental Public Health and Professional Practice, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Hunein F. and Hilda Maassab Endowed Professor, and Director, Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Washington , USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Morgantown, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health; Professor, Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Knorst JK, Vettore MV, Ardenghi TM. Social capital and oral health promotion: Past, present, and future challenges. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:1075576. [PMID: 36507311 PMCID: PMC9732376 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1075576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social capital has been widely inserted in health discussions in recent decades. In this sense, social capital has become a popular term and has been highlighted as one of the main determinants of health in the conceptual framework of the social determinants of the World Health Organization. The concept of social capital focuses on the positive consequences of sociability and places these consequences in the broader discussion of capital. In this sense, social capital reflects the benefits that individuals and communities derive from having broad social networks or high levels of social trust. Despite controversies regarding its definition and numerous criticisms, a growing body of evidence suggests that high levels of social capital benefit oral health. This factor has also been recognized as a potential softener of the impact of oral conditions on oral health, through behavioural and psychosocial processes. Thus, efforts to reduce inequities in oral health preferably should be based on their origins and on their complex causal process, such as the social determinants. The future challenges in the area are specially related to the development of interventions and health promotion actions that aim to stimulate social capital, aiming to reduce the impact of social inequalities on oral health throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway,Correspondence: Mario Vianna Vettore
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Immigrant Parents' Perceived Social Support and Their Children's Oral Health Behaviors and Caries Experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148250. [PMID: 35886104 PMCID: PMC9323738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between immigrant parents’ perceived social support (PSS) and their children’s oral health behaviors (OHB) and caries experience. We recruited immigrant parents and children aged 2−12 years. Data were collected on the sociodemographic and OHB information of the children. The parents’ total PSS score and its dimensions were measured using the validated Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ2000). Dental examinations determined the children’s caries experience using the DMFT/dmft index. A total of 336 parents and children were included in the study. Household income predicted the parents’ PSS (B = −5.69; 95% CI −9.077, −2.32). Children of parents with higher PSS reported ≥2 toothbrushing/day (p ≤ 0.05). Among the PSS domains, parental education level predicted their social integration (B = −0.16; 95% CI −0.30, −0.02) and nurturance (B = −0.24; 95% CI −0.43, −0.06). Family income predicted social integration (B = −0.17; 95% CI −0.33 −0.01), worth (B = −0.23; 95% CI −0.39 −0.06), and assistance (B = −0.22; 95% CI −0.42 −0.01). Parents with higher scores of intimacy and social integration were more aware of their children’s oral health (p = 0.01). The parental social integration mean scores were significantly higher among parents whose children consumed ≥1 sugary snack/day (p = 0.02). All five domain scores were significantly higher among parents of children who reported ≥2 toothbrushing/day compared with children who brushed <2/day (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that parents’ PSS only improved their children’s toothbrushing frequency. Compared to other domains, social integration was significantly associated with children’s OHB. Neither parental PSS total score nor domains were associated with DMFT/dmft.
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Amin M, Schumacher C, Bohlouli B. Perceived social support and discrimination and oral health behaviors in adolescents. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:1183-1189. [PMID: 34014043 PMCID: PMC8638274 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to examine the associations between perceived social support and oral health behaviors among adolescents and if this perception had a protective effect against the influence of perceived racial discrimination on oral health behaviors in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants of this cross-sectional study were adolescents aged 12-18 years recruited from University dental clinic. They completed a questionnaire comprising three sections: demographics (14 items), oral health behaviors (6 items), and validated Personal Resource Questionnaire (25 items). Perceived discrimination was evaluated by a question asking if the adolescent had ever experienced discrimination based on their race. RESULTS Of 252 participants, mean (SD) age of 14 (1.8) years, 60% were girls, 56% were self-identified as White, and 81% were born in Canada. Discrimination was reported by 21%. Frequency of toothbrushing and self-rated oral health were significantly associated with increased levels of perceived social support. Sugar consumption was significantly different for participants with and without perceived racial discrimination (p-value = 0.002). Perceived social support did not act as a buffer against perceived racial discrimination for sugar consumption (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98-1.01). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' perceived social support affected some aspects of their oral health but did not moderate the influence of perceived racial discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amin
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Babak Bohlouli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Family Social Capital: Links to Weight-Related and Parenting Behaviors of Mothers with Young Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051428. [PMID: 33922656 PMCID: PMC8145036 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Family social capital includes the social relationships, values, and norms shared by a family and is positively linked with children’s mental and physical health status. This cross-sectional study addresses a gap in the literature related to family social capital vis-à-vis weight-related behaviors and home environments of 557 mothers and their young children (ages 2 to 9 years). Mothers completed an online survey comprised of valid, reliable questionnaires assessing family relationships and weight-related behavioral and home environment measures. The measures that determined family social capital (i.e., supportive, engaged parenting behaviors; family cohesion; family conflict; and family meal frequency) yielded distinct tertile groups that differed significantly (p < 0.001) on every family social capital measure with large effect sizes. Analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc test revealed greater family social capital was linked to significantly better maternal health, dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep behavior. Additionally, maternal modeling of healthy eating and physical activity, child feeding practices, and home environments was higher in groups with greater family social capital. Child mental and physical health, physical activity, and sleep quality were better in families with greater family social capital. Findings suggest greater family social capital is linked to healthier weight-related behaviors and home environments. Future intervention studies should incorporate strategies to build family social capital and compare longitudinal outcomes to traditional interventions to determine the relative value of family social capital on health behaviors.
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9
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Sedrez SDF, Godoi APTD, Meneghim MDC, Vedovello SAS, Venezian GC, Menezes CCD. Influence of social capital on self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8656537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the influence of social capital on self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 578 11-16 years-old adolescents from a city in southern Brazil. Social capital was evaluated using the Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students (SCQ-AS). Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) assessed malocclusion and self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need. Sociodemographic aspects of adolescents were also evaluated. Individual analyses were performed, relating the study variables to the outcome, estimating the odds ratio with the respective confidence intervals of 95%. The variables with p<0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in the multiple logistic regression models, and those with p<0.10 remained in the model. Results: Social capital did not influence the self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need. Adolescents with high orthodontic needs were 5.35 (CI 95%: 2.68 to 10.65) times more likely to perceived orthodontic treatment need (p <0.05). Crowding and dental absence were associated with self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need (p <0.05). Conclusions: Social capital did not influence the self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need.
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10
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Gazzaz AZ, Carpiano RM, Aleksejuniene J. Parenting stress as a mediator in the oral health of children and adolescents: A stress process model. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:288-295. [PMID: 32237174 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested hypotheses regarding socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in oral health amongst children and adolescents and the extent to which such SES disparities may be mediated by parenting stress. METHODS We analysed data from the 2011/2012 US National Survey of Children's Health for ages 6-11 years (n = 21 596) and 12-17 years (n = 23 584). Our models estimated associations between SES indicators (family income and parental education) and parenting stress with two oral health outcomes: parent-reported child oral health and preventive dental visits. RESULTS For both age groups, SES was positively associated with both oral health outcomes. Parenting stress mediated the relationship between SES and child oral health, not preventive dental visits-such that lower SES was associated with worse oral health via higher parenting stress. Amongst children, the indirect effect of parenting stress was observed for parental education and family income, whilst amongst adolescents, no indirect effect of parenting stress was observed. CONCLUSION Parenting stress was an important determinant of children's oral health and partially explained the SES-related oral health disparities in children. Future research is needed to explore the causal pathways in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Z Gazzaz
- Department of Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard M Carpiano
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Center for Healthy Communities, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jolanta Aleksejuniene
- Department of Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Foley MA, Spencer AJ, Lalloo R, Do LG. A Causative Approach to Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Parental Ratings of Child Oral Health. JDR Clin Trans Res 2020; 6:68-76. [PMID: 32176558 DOI: 10.1177/2380084420914248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies have investigated associations between demographic, socioeconomic status (SES), behavioral, and clinical factors and parental ratings of child oral health. Caries experience, pain, missing teeth, malocclusions, and conditions and treatments likely to negatively affect the child or family in the future have been consistently associated with poorer parental ratings. In contrast, effect sizes for associations between demographic and SES indicators (race/ethnicity, country of birth, family structure, household income, employment status, and parental education levels) and parental ratings vary greatly. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of this study were to estimate effect sizes for associations between demographic and SES variables and parental ratings of child oral health and then to consider possible causal implications. METHODS This article uses a nationally representative data set from 24,664 Australian children aged 5 to 14 y, regression analyses guided by a directed acyclic graph causal model, and sensitivity analyses to investigate effects of demographic and SES factors on parental ratings of oral health. RESULTS One in 8 children had oral health rated as fair or poor by a parent. Indigenous children, older boys, young children with a migrant parent, children from single-parent families, low-income households and families where no parent worked full-time, and children whose parents had lower education levels were much more likely to receive a fair or poor parental oral health rating in crude and adjusted models. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study helps to clarify inconsistent findings from previous research and shows many demographic and SES variables to be strong determinants of parental ratings of child oral health, consistent with the effects of these variables on other health outcomes. Sensitivity analyses and consideration of the potential for chance and bias to have affected these findings suggest that many of these associations may be causal. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Based on regression analyses driven by a directed acyclic graph causal model, this research shows a strong impact of demographic and socioeconomic determinants on parental ratings of child oral health, consistent with associations between these variables and other oral and general health outcomes. Many of these associations may be causal. We demonstrate the value of causal models and causal thinking when analyzing complex multilevel observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Foley
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Metro North Oral Health Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A J Spencer
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Lalloo
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L G Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Laniado N, Badner VM, Sanders AE, Singer RH, Finlayson TL, Hua S, Kaste LM, Isasi CR. Social capital and periodontal disease in Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:542-551. [PMID: 31998991 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association of social capital with periodontal disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed data obtained from 3,994 men and women aged 18-74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study (HCHS/SOL SCAS). From 2008 to 2011, dentists assessed periodontitis status with a full-mouth periodontal examination. Periodontitis was classified using standardized case definitions. Multivariable logistic regression estimated odds of moderate-severe periodontitis associated with two measures of social capital: structural support (Social Network Index) and functional support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List). RESULTS For US-born participants, for each additional person in their social network, the adjusted odds of moderate-severe periodontitis was reduced 17% (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.96). However, no association was found between functional support and periodontal disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Greater structural social support was associated with a lower prevalence of moderate-severe periodontitis in US-born Hispanics/Latinos. These findings suggest that US-born Hispanics/Latinos with less social support represent a vulnerable segment of the population at high-risk group for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Laniado
- Department of Dentistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Victor M Badner
- Department of Dentistry, Jacobi Medical Center/North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, New York
| | - Anne E Sanders
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard H Singer
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Tracy L Finlayson
- Division of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Simin Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Linda M Kaste
- College of Dentistry and School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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13
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Kumar YS, Rakesh PS, Kalyana-Chakravarthy P, Kumar SV. Relationship between Dental Caries Experience and Social Capital among Children - A Pilot Study. Indian J Community Med 2019; 44:S3-S6. [PMID: 31728079 PMCID: PMC6824167 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_11_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of larger and distal environmental and societal factors on oral health is established and the concept of social capital (SC) is gaining importance. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of dental caries (DC) experience of children with parental social SC. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 pairs of 5–12-year-old children and their parents of Kaloor (65th division), Kerala. A 30-item self-administered neighborhood SC Index questionnaire. DC of children was assessed as per the WHO guidelines. Results: The final analysis included 186 pairs of children and parents, out of which 54.8% were boys. The mean caries experience of children was 3.3 ± 3.7. A significantly higher proportion of parents rated their children as “poor oral health” in caries experienced group than caries-free group (P = 0.006). No other significant differences were found with total SC and demographic variables except for “frequency of having meal together.” Regression analysis showed that trust, control, and political domains were significant with carious status. On adjusting the confounders that were significant in bivariate analysis, only control domain of the SC remained significant. Conclusion: The social control domain (family members or neighbors actions that seek to correct deviant behavior) of SC was associated with caries experience of the children. Distal factors such as SC can influence the caries status of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeturu Sravan Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - P S Rakesh
- Centre for Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Pentapati Kalyana-Chakravarthy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vijay Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Abstract
Social determinants of health are defined as conditions in which people are born and live and the role these conditions play on health outcomes. Research indicates that risk factors and their interactions are far more complex than originally thought. This article outlines social determinant constructs and their role in understanding oral health promotion. Due to the complex interactions, oral health must be promoted using a multilevel chronic disease model or common risk factor approach. An understanding of social determinants is particularly important for the pediatric population because optimum oral health and general health in adulthood are heavily influenced by childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio A da Fonseca
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, 254 DENT, Chicago, IL 60612-7211, USA.
| | - David Avenetti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, 254 DENT, Chicago, IL 60612-7211, USA
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