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Sutil DV, Moreira BDS, Canever JB, Cândido LM, Danielewicz AL, Lima-Costa MF, Avelar NCPD. Association between self-perception of the neighborhood environment and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults: findings from ELSI-Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00141623. [PMID: 38695455 PMCID: PMC11057486 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen141623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate associations between neighborhood perception and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,719 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021). The outcomes were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up at dawn. The exposure variables were questions about the perception of participants about the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Garbage, rubbish, or tall grass on the streets and the desire to move were associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Concern about falling due to damaged sidewalks, concern about having difficulties taking transportation, and concern about having difficulties crossing the street were associated with higher odds of all sleep problems. Sound/noise of buses and cars was associated with higher odds of some sleep problems. Perceiving the neighborhood as a good place to live was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness and primary insomnia complaints. Trusting most people in the neighborhood and perceiving that kids and younger people treat adults with respect were associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, and waking up at dawn. Being a good place for kids to play and raise teenagers was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness. These results can assist public administrators in creating urban planning policies aimed at improving neighborhood environments as a means of health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno de Souza Moreira
- Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Beese S, Graves JM, Postma J, Oneal G. The four stages of neighborhood trust: Classic grounded theory. Public Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38639194 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neighborhoods are often overlooked as a determinant of health. Among recent research, the focus on "place-based effects," due to prolonged residential environmental exposure, has been of particular interest. These studies' purpose is to identify and examine how a healthy neighborhood is intentionally created to describe a transferable process-driven theory. METHOD A classic grounded theory approach was used in these studies. Data sources include individual in-depth interviews, historical documents, and a member-checking focus group, collected over 3-years. RESULTS Analysis generated the Four Stages of Neighborhood Trust Model, which is nested within the context of perceived neighborhood safety. The theory outlines a social process of four stages of neighborhood trust: (a) rules-based agreements, (b) shared values, (c) cooperation, and (d) neighborhood belonging. CONCLUSIONS We present the development of a process-driven theory that may be useful for public health nurses as they engage neighborhoods in health promotion activities. The stage of trust development will aid the nurse in identifying what is needed to move to the next stage in a healthy neighborhood process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Beese
- College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Extension, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Janessa M Graves
- College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Extension, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julie Postma
- College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Extension, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Gail Oneal
- College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Extension, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Magro-Montañés B, Pabón-Carrasco M, Romero-Castillo R, Ponce-Blandón JA, Jiménez-Picón N. The relationship between neighborhood social capital and health from a biopsychosocial perspective: A systematic review. Public Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38639208 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Social Determinants of Health (SDH) influence the health of people throughout their lives, and can be positive, protective or risk factors for the population and, in turn, biological, psychological, or social. The social environment conditions the health status of the neighborhood, population, and social group, which can be a health asset due to its strong psychosocial and socio-cultural influence. Social capital is a community asset of the healthy neighborhood that must be known in order to promote community health. OBJECTIVES The objective is to determine the relationship between social capital and neighborhood biopsychosocial health. METHODS A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA: PubMed, Wos, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The search was conducted from January to March 2023. Three authors independently extracted data using a structured form. RESULTS Out of 527 records, 17 results passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The positive and statistically significant relationship between neighborhood social capital (NSC) and the physical and mental health of neighbors is confirmed, that is, the higher the NSC, the more exercise, better oral health in children and physical health in pregnant women, lower tobacco consumption and lower prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus. At the psychological level, greater NSC leads to better mental health, mental well-being, life satisfaction, quality of life, self-perceived health, higher cognitive function, and less depression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, social capital is an important SDH and health asset that influences neighborhood biopsychosocial health and should be known and researched for health promotion in community settings. More evidence is needed to support the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Magro-Montañés
- Hospital de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain
- Red Cross Nursing University Centre, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Pabón-Carrasco
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Romero-Castillo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio Ponce-Blandón
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Nerea Jiménez-Picón
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Ganbavale S, Papachristou E, Mathers J, Papacosta A, Lennon L, Whincup P, Wannamethee S, Ramsay S. Neighborhood Deprivation and Changes in Oral Health in Older Age: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study. J Dent Res 2024; 103:434-441. [PMID: 38414259 PMCID: PMC10966931 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231224337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors (objective and perceived) are associated with poor oral health in older adults over time, independent of individual socioeconomic position. Data for this cross-sectional and longitudinal observation study came from a socially and geographically representative cohort of men aged 71 to 92 y in 2010-12 (n = 1,622), drawn from British general practices, which was followed up in 2018-19 (aged 78-98 y; N = 667). Dental measures at both times included number of teeth, periodontal pocket depth, self-rated oral health, and dry mouth. Neighborhood deprivation was based on Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and a cumulative index measuring perceptions about local environment. Individual-level socioeconomic position was based on longest-held occupation. Multilevel and multivariate logistic regressions, adjusted for relevant sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors, were performed to examine the relationships of dental measures with IMD and perceived neighborhood quality index, respectively. Cross-sectionally, risks of tooth loss, periodontal pockets, and dry mouth increased from IMD quintiles 1 to 5 (least to most deprived); odds ratios (ORs) for quintile 5 were 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-3.51), 2.82 (95% CI, 1.72-4.64), and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.08-2.09), respectively, after adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors. Risks of increased pocket depth and dry mouth were significantly greater in quintile 5 (highest problems) of perceived neighborhood quality index compared to quintile 1. Over the 8-y follow-up, deterioration of dentition (tooth loss) was significantly higher in the most deprived IMD quintiles after full adjustment (OR for quintile 5 = 2.32; 95% CI, 1.09-4.89). Deterioration of dentition and dry mouth were significantly greater in quintile 5 of perceived neighborhood quality index. Neighborhood-level factors were associated with poor oral health in older age, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, particularly with tooth loss, and dry mouth, independent of individual-level socioeconomic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.G. Ganbavale
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England, UK
| | - E. Papachristou
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - J.C. Mathers
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England, UK
| | - A.O. Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - L.T. Lennon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - P.H. Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - S.G. Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - S.E. Ramsay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England, UK
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Hua CL, Halladay CW, Rudolph JL, Celardo C, Heyworth L, Harmon AR, Mills WL, Cornell PY. Trends and geographic differences in social work telehealth utilization. Soc Work Health Care 2024; 63:399-413. [PMID: 38529768 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2024.2333747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We plotted trends in social work telehealth use among Veterans in a U.S. national social work staffing program and examined the relationship between geographic factors (rurality and neighborhood disadvantage) and telehealth use (audio and video) using linear probability models. Social work telehealth use increased among Veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were no geographic differences in telephone telehealth use. Video telehealth use was less common among Veterans in isolated rural areas and among Veterans in highly disadvantaged areas. Outreach efforts can address barriers that Veterans who live in rural and disadvantaged areas may experience in using video telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Hua
- Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Supports, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher W Halladay
- Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Supports, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James L Rudolph
- Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Supports, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Celardo
- National Social Work Program, Care Management and Social Work Services, Patient Care Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
- VHA Food Security Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leonie Heyworth
- Office of Connected Care/Telehealth Services, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alita R Harmon
- National Social Work Program, Care Management and Social Work Services, Patient Care Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
- Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System, Biloxi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Whitney L Mills
- Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Supports, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Portia Y Cornell
- Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Supports, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Kraus NT, Connor S, Shoda K, Moore SE, Irani E. Historic redlining and health outcomes: A systematic review. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:287-296. [PMID: 38148621 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing literature on the associations between historic redlining and modern-day health outcomes across the lifespan. METHOD This review searched PubMed and CINAHL for peer-reviewed, data-based articles examining the relationship between historic redlining and any health outcome. Articles were appraised using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. The results were synthesized using a narrative summary approach. RESULTS Thirty-six articles were included and focused on various health outcomes, including cardiovascular outcomes, breast cancer incidence and mortality, firearm injury or death, birth-related outcomes, and asthma outcomes. Most of the included articles (n = 31; 86%) found significant associations between historic redlining and adverse health outcomes such as increased cardiovascular disease, higher rates of preterm births, increased cancer incidence, reduced survival time after breast cancer diagnosis, and increased firearm injury incidence. DISCUSSION This review demonstrates the persistent effect of historic redlining on individuals' health. Public health nurses should recognize redlining as a form of structural racism when caring for affected communities and should advocate for policies and programs that advance health equity. Nurse researchers should develop and test multilevel interventions to address systemic racism and improve health outcomes in communities affected by redlining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa T Kraus
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Connor
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Krista Shoda
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott Emory Moore
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Elliane Irani
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Rivier CA, Renedo D, Sunmonu A, de Havenon A, Sheth KN, Falcone GJ. Neighborhood Deprivation, Race, Ethnicity, and Undiagnosed Hypertension: Results From the All of Us Research Program. Hypertension 2024; 81:e10-e12. [PMID: 38232143 PMCID: PMC10962384 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien A. Rivier
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniela Renedo
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abimbola Sunmonu
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guido J. Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Klumpp H, Feurer C, Chang F, Kapella MC. Crime Risk and Depression Differentially Relate to Aspects of Sleep in Patients with Major Depression or Social Anxiety. Brain Sci 2024; 14:104. [PMID: 38275524 PMCID: PMC10813410 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with internalizing conditions such as depression or anxiety are at risk of sleep difficulties. Social-ecological models of sleep health propose factors at the individual (e.g., mental health) and neighborhood (e.g., crime risk) levels that contribute to sleep difficulties. However, these relationships have been under-researched in terms of internalizing conditions. Therefore, the current study comprised participants diagnosed with major depression (n = 24) or social anxiety (n = 35). Sleep measures included actigraphic variables (i.e., total sleep time, waking after sleep onset, sleep onset latency) and subjective sleep quality. Geocoding was used to assess nationally-normed crime risk exposure at the person level (e.g., murder, assault) and property level (e.g., robbery, burglary). Analyses consisted of independent t-tests to evaluate potential differences between diagnostic groups. To examine relationships, multiple regressions were used with internalizing symptoms, crime risk, and age as independent variables and sleep measures as the dependent variable. The t-test results revealed that groups differed in symptoms and age but not sleep or neighborhood crime. Regression results revealed crime risk positively corresponded with sleep onset latency but no other sleep measures. Also, only depression positively corresponded with total sleep time. Preliminary findings suggest exposure to crime and depression relate differentially to facets of sleep in individuals with internalizing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Cope Feurer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Fini Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Mary C. Kapella
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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Kershaw KN, Magnani JW, Diez Roux AV, Camacho-Rivera M, Jackson EA, Johnson AE, Magwood GS, Morgenstern LB, Salinas JJ, Sims M, Mujahid MS. Neighborhoods and Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2024; 17:e000124. [PMID: 38073532 DOI: 10.1161/hcq.0000000000000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The neighborhoods where individuals reside shape environmental exposures, access to resources, and opportunities. The inequitable distribution of resources and opportunities across neighborhoods perpetuates and exacerbates cardiovascular health inequities. Thus, interventions that address the neighborhood environment could reduce the inequitable burden of cardiovascular disease in disenfranchised populations. The objective of this scientific statement is to provide a roadmap illustrating how current knowledge regarding the effects of neighborhoods on cardiovascular disease can be used to develop and implement effective interventions to improve cardiovascular health at the population, health system, community, and individual levels. PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to identify observational studies and interventions examining or targeting neighborhood conditions in relation to cardiovascular health. The scientific statement summarizes how neighborhoods have been incorporated into the actions of health care systems, interventions in community settings, and policies and interventions that involve modifying the neighborhood environment. This scientific statement presents promising findings that can be expanded and implemented more broadly and identifies methodological challenges in designing studies to evaluate important neighborhood-related policies and interventions. Last, this scientific statement offers recommendations for areas that merit further research to promote a deeper understanding of the contributions of neighborhoods to cardiovascular health and health inequities and to stimulate the development of more effective interventions.
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Lee RJ, Newman G, Van Zandt S. Using neighborhood characteristics to predict vacancy types: Comparing multi-scale conditions surrounding existing vacant lots. Environ Plan B Urban Anal City Sci 2023; 50:2594-2609. [PMID: 37974590 PMCID: PMC10653006 DOI: 10.1177/23998083231160542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Vacant and abandoned land can be public eyesores that can potentially result in neighborhood distress in the long term. In some cases, the contextual conditions of a neighborhood have been shown to have more of a negative effect on communities than the vacant property itself. Maximum opportunities to actually reuse vacant and abandoned land is known to primarily exist in cases where the surrounding area has locational benefits or when local economic conditions are hopeful. This study examines and compares neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics around vacant lots in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, to identify spatial heterogeneity within vacancy types and neighborhood characteristics. Specifically, we examine 1) if the socioeconomic characteristics of a neighborhood can predict existing vacant lots and 2) what neighborhood characteristics are associated with certain vacant lot types. Three logistic regressions were tested with different buffers around each vacant lot, and a total of eighteen regressions were performed to capture the effects on six vacancy types. Results suggest that there are various types of vacancies interacting differently at the neighborhood scale, and that a large-scale neighborhood context matters when predicting vacancy types. The results also indicate three salient points. First, minority populations are a strong predictor of residential and commercial vacancies. Second, high-income areas tend to predict vacancies with potential investment opportunities or vacancies as a part of an existing park or recreational system. Third, vacant properties designated for institutional land uses tend to be found in lower-income areas, yet, not necessarily in areas with high minority populations. Managing and repurposing vacant and abandoned land should be handled more progressively with a better understanding of the socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods. Further, examining vacancy types by community can be a way to diagnose potential neighborhood risks associated with vacant and abandoned land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryun Jung Lee
- School of Architecture and Planning, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, US
| | - Galen Newman
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Shannon Van Zandt
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Vinjimoor S, Vieira C, Rogerson C, Owora A, Mendonca EA. Social risk factors for pediatric asthma exacerbations: A systematic review. medRxiv 2023:2023.09.19.23295732. [PMID: 37790526 PMCID: PMC10543039 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.23295732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective This systematic review aims to identify social risk factors that influence pediatric asthma exacerbations. Methods Cohort studies published between 2010 and 2020 were systematically searched on the OVID Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo databases. Using our established phased inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies that did not address a pediatric population, social risk factors, and asthma exacerbations were excluded. Out of a total of 707 initially retrieved articles, 3 prospective cohort and 6 retrospective cohort studies were included. Results Upon analysis of our retrieved studies, two overarching domains of social determinants, as defined by Healthy People 2030, were identified as major risk factors for pediatric asthma exacerbations: Social/Community Context and Neighborhood/Built Environment. Social/Community factors including African American race and inadequate caregiver perceptions were associated with increased risk for asthma exacerbations. Patients in high-risk neighborhoods, defined by lower levels of education, housing, and employment, had higher rates of emergency department readmissions and extended duration of stay. Additionally, a synergistic interaction between the two domains was found such that patients with public or no health insurance and residence in high-risk neighborhoods were associated with excess hospital utilization attributable to pediatric asthma exacerbations. Conclusion Social risk factors play a significant role in influencing the frequency and severity of pediatric asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Vinjimoor
- Indiana University School of Medicine
- Regenstrief Institute for Biomedical Informatics
| | - Caroline Vieira
- Indiana University Bloomington
- Regenstrief Institute for Biomedical Informatics
| | - Colin Rogerson
- Indiana University School of Medicine
- Regenstrief Institute for Biomedical Informatics
| | - Arthur Owora
- Regenstrief Institute for Biomedical Informatics
- Indiana University School of Public Health
| | - Eneida A Mendonca
- Indiana University School of Medicine
- Regenstrief Institute for Biomedical Informatics
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Magalhães AS, Andrade ACDS, Moreira BDS, Lopes AADS, Caiaffa WT. Physical and social neighborhood disorder in Latin American cities: a scoping review. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00038423. [PMID: 37729304 PMCID: PMC10513154 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt038423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood disorder is an important aspect that may influence the health of residents in urban areas. The aims of this study were to map and systematize methods for measuring physical and social neighborhood disorder in studies conducted in Latin American cities. By means of a scoping review, articles published from 2000 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese with the following descriptors were mapped: neighborhood, physical disorder, and social disorder. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (Virtual Health Library), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Information on authorship, year, study type, locality, data source, target population, outcome, dominion, indicator, method, geographic unit, and unit of analysis was extracted. Variables from the disorder-related studies were extracted and grouped by similarity of content and themes. A total of 22 articles were identified, all published between 2012 and 2022, the majority in Brazil (n = 16). The perception of the individual was the most used method. The most frequent theme addressed in the physical disorder dominion was public streets (n = 20) and security (n = 15), in the social disorder dominion. A lack of consensus in the literature regarding variables used to measure physical and social neighborhood disorder in Latin American cities was detected. In addition to the need for standardization of the theme, studies to verify the sustainability of proposed measurement methods relevant to dynamically classify and compare urban neighborhoods and health impacts based on levels of exposure to physical and social disorder, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Silva Magalhães
- Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Amanda Cristina de Souza Andrade
- Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil
| | - Bruno de Souza Moreira
- Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Adalberto Aparecido Dos Santos Lopes
- Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Ambiente Urbano & Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Orlando CM, Pérez CA, Agyei P, Elsehety M, Singh SK, Thomas J, Alaina O, Lincoln JA. Social determinants of health and disparate disability accumulation in a cohort of Black, Hispanic, and White patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1304-1315. [PMID: 37435828 PMCID: PMC10503235 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231185046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black and Hispanic patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been shown to accumulate greater multiple sclerosis-associated disability (MSAD) than White patients. Disparities in social determinants of health (SDOH) among these groups have also been reported. OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which associations of race and ethnicity with MSAD may be attributable to differences in SDOH. METHODS Retrospective chart analysis of patients at an academic MS center grouped by self-identified Black (n = 95), Hispanic (n = 93), and White (n = 98) race/ethnicity. Individual patient addresses were geocoded and matched with neighborhood-level area deprivation index (ADI) and social vulnerability index (SVI). RESULTS Average Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores at last-recorded evaluations of White patients (1.7 ± 2.0) were significantly lower than Black (2.8 ± 2.4, p = 0.001) and Hispanic (2.6 ± 2.6, p = 0.020) patients. Neither Black race nor Hispanic ethnicity was significantly associated with EDSS in multivariable linear regression models that included individual-level SDOH indicators and either ADI or SVI. CONCLUSION Black race and Hispanic ethnicity are not significantly associated with EDSS in models that include individual and neighborhood-level SDOH indicators. Further research should elucidate mechanisms by which structural inequities affect MS disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Orlando
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos A Pérez
- Maxine Mesinger Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paunel Agyei
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sonia Kaur Singh
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Thomas
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omar Alaina
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A Lincoln
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Carmo ASD, Mendes LL, Cardoso LDO, Caiaffa WT, Santos LCD. The influence of neighborhood safety and built environment on childhood obesity: isolated and combined effect of contextual factors. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00104822. [PMID: 37585911 PMCID: PMC10511156 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the isolated and combined effect of objective measures concerning neighborhood safety, food, and physical activity environments on students' obesity. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 9- and 10-year-old children enrolled in the municipal education network of a Brazilian metropolis. Environment objective measures comprised neighborhood unsafety (annual criminality and road traffic accident rates), availability of public parks and spaces for physical activity practicing, and index of establishments that predominantly sell ultra-processed food. Euclidean buffers of 1,000m around the children's house were used as eligible geographic units. This study adopted the Principal Component Analysis and Generalized Estimation Equation models. Stratified analyses were conducted based on neighborhood unsafety and on child's family income. In total, 717 students were assessed, 12.2% of them were children with obesity. The latent variable of the obesogenic environment (deduced by environment unsafety rates and the index of establishments that predominantly sell ultra-processed food) was a risk factor for obesity in children with lower socioeconomic levels (OR = 2.37; 95%CI: 1.06-5.19). Public parks and spaces for physical activity practicing were protective factors against childhood obesity only in locations recording the lowest environment unsafety rates (OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.09-0.94). Based on our findings, social conditions change the effect of the environment on childhood obesity, reinforcing the relevance of inter-sectoral policies and strategies against this condition.
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Dixon M, Dunlop AL, Corwin EJ, Kramer MR. Corrigendum: Joint effects of individual socioeconomic status and residential neighborhood context on vaginal microbiome composition. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1192743. [PMID: 37234762 PMCID: PMC10208395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1029741.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Dixon
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Michael R. Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Vaughan SE, Misra DP, Gohar J, Hyer S, Price M, Giurgescu C. The associations of objective and perceived neighborhood disadvantage with stress among pregnant black women. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:372-381. [PMID: 36740747 PMCID: PMC10164036 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood disadvantage may impact risk of preterm birth through stress. Few studies have examined how neighborhood disadvantage relates to stress during pregnancy, especially for Black women. METHODS Secondary data analysis of 572 women in a prospective cohort in Detroit, MI and Columbus, OH. Participants completed questionnaires including the ROSS Neighborhood Disorder Scale, the crime subscale of the Perceived Neighborhood Scale (PNS), and the Perceived Stress Scale. An objective neighborhood disadvantage index (NDI) was created using principal components analysis after geocoding residential addresses and linking to Census data. RESULTS All models used logistic regression. Adjusted for maternal age and annual household income, perceived stress was positively associated with perceived neighborhood disorder (p < .01). In a separate model, perceived neighborhood crime was positively associated with perceived neighborhood disorder (p = .005). In a joint model adjusted for age and income, the association of disorder with stress was similar in magnitude (p < .01) but the association between crime and stress weakened. The NDI was not associated with perceived stress before or after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Perceived neighborhood disadvantage may capture a different dimension than objective neighborhood disadvantage. Future studies should test stress as a pathway by which neighborhood environment increases risk of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Vaughan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dawn P. Misra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jazib Gohar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne Hyer
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mercedes Price
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carmen Giurgescu
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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García C, Garcia MA, McEniry M, Crowe M. The neighborhood context and all-cause mortality among older adults in Puerto Rico. Front Public Health 2023; 11:995529. [PMID: 36969624 PMCID: PMC10034172 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.995529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent efforts have been made to collect data on neighborhood-level attributes and link them to longitudinal population-based surveys. These linked data have allowed researchers to assess the influence of neighborhood characteristics on the health of older adults in the US. However, these data exclude Puerto Rico. Because of significantly differing historical and political contexts, and widely ranging structural factors between the island and the mainland, it may not be appropriate to apply current knowledge on neighborhood health effects based on studies conducted in the US to Puerto Rico. Thus, we aim to (1) examine the types of neighborhood environments older Puerto Rican adults reside in and (2) explore the association between neighborhood environments and all-cause mortality. Methods We linked data from the 2000 US Census to the longitudinal Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project (PREHCO) with mortality follow-up through 2021 to examine the effects of the baseline neighborhood environment on all-cause mortality among 3,469 participants. Latent profile analysis, a model-based clustering technique, classified Puerto Rican neighborhoods based on 19 census block group indicators related to the neighborhood constructs of socioeconomic status, household composition, minority status, and housing and transportation. The associations between the latent classes and all-cause mortality were assessed using multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival models with a Weibull distribution. Results A five-class model was fit on 2,477 census block groups in Puerto Rico with varying patterns of social (dis)advantage. Our results show that older adults residing in neighborhoods classified as Urban High Deprivation and Urban High-Moderate Deprivation in Puerto Rico were at higher risk of death over the 19-year study period relative to the Urban Low Deprivation cluster, controlling for individual-level covariates. Conclusions Considering Puerto Rico's socio-structural reality, we recommend that policymakers, healthcare providers, and leaders across industries to (1) understand how individual health and mortality is embedded within larger social, cultural, structural, and historical contexts, and (2) make concerted efforts to reach out to residents living in disadvantaged community contexts to understand better what they need to successfully age in place in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine García
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Aging Studies Institute, Center for Aging and Policy Studies, and the Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion and Population Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Marc A. Garcia
- Department of Sociology, Aging Studies Institute, Center for Aging and Policy Studies, and the Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion and Population Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Mary McEniry
- Center for Demography and Ecology, and Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Crowe
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that (1) higher neighborhood disadvantage is associated with greater injury-related symptom severity in civilians with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and (2) neighborhood disadvantage remains predictive after controlling for other established predictors. SETTING Level 1 trauma center and affiliated academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS N = 171 individuals with mTBI. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. MAIN MEASURES Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) total score assessed less than 24 hours and at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postinjury. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the relationship between predictor variables and mTBI-related symptom burden (RPQ score). Neighborhood disadvantage was quantified by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a composite of 17 markers of socioeconomic position (SEP) scored at the census block group level. RESULTS Individuals in the upper ADI quartile of the national distribution displayed higher RPQ symptoms than those in the lower 3 quartiles ( P < .001), with a nonsignificant ADI × visit interaction ( P = .903). In a multivariable model, the effect of ADI remained significant ( P = .034) after adjusting for demographics, individual SEP, and injury factors. Other unique predictors in the multivariable model were gender (gender × visit P = .035), health insurance type ( P = .017), and injury-related litigation ( P = .012). CONCLUSION Neighborhood disadvantage as quantified by the ADI is robustly associated with greater mTBI-related symptom burden throughout the first 6 months postinjury. That the effect of ADI remained after controlling for demographics, individual SEP, and injury characteristics implies that neighborhood disadvantage is an important, understudied factor contributing to clinical recovery from mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Dixon M, Dunlop AL, Corwin EJ, Kramer MR. Joint effects of individual socioeconomic status and residential neighborhood context on vaginal microbiome composition. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1029741. [PMID: 36761121 PMCID: PMC9902942 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1029741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The vaginal microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem that is important for women's health. Its composition has been associated with risk for menopausal symptoms, sexually transmitted infections, gynecologic cancer, and preterm birth. Conventional risk factors for a vaginal microbiome linked with these adverse health outcomes include sexual behaviors, hygiene practices, individual social factors, and stress levels. However, there has been limited research on socio-contextual determinants, and whether neighborhood context modifies the association with individual socioeconomic factors. Methods Socioeconomically diverse pregnant African American women in Atlanta, Georgia (n = 439) provided residential addresses and first trimester vaginal swab samples, which underwent sequencing, taxonomic classification, and assignment into mutually exclusive CST (community state types) via hierarchical clustering. Linear probability models were used to estimate prevalence differences (PD) for the associations of neighborhood factors with vaginal microbiome CST and to evaluate for additive interaction with maternal level of education, health insurance type, and recruitment hospital. Results Factors such as higher (vs. lower) maternal education, private (vs. public) insurance, and private (vs. public) hospital were associated with higher prevalence of Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiome CSTs typically associated with better health outcomes. When considering the joint effects of these individual socioeconomic status and residential neighborhood factors on vaginal microbiome CST, most combinations showed a greater than additive effect among the doubly exposed; however, in the case of local income homogeneity and local racial homogeneity, there was evidence of a crossover effect between those with less-advantaged individual socioeconomic status and those with more-advantaged individual socioeconomic status. Compared to women at the public hospital who lived in economically diverse neighborhoods, women at the private hospital who lived in economically diverse neighborhoods had a 21.9% higher prevalence of Lactobacillus-dominant CSTs, while women at the private hospital who lived in less economically diverse neighborhoods (the doubly exposed) had only an 11.7% higher prevalence of Lactobacillus-dominant CSTs, showing a crossover effect (interaction term p-value = 0.004). Discussion In this study, aspects of residential neighborhood context were experienced differently by women on the basis of their individual resources, and the joint effects of these exposures on vaginal microbiome CST showed a departure from simple additivity for some factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Dixon
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Michael R. Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Michael R. Kramer ✉
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Green BB, Larson AE, Huguet N, Angier H, Valenzuela S, Marino M. High Blood Pressure Reduction, Health Insurance Status, and Social Deprivation Index in U.S. Community Health Centers. AJPM Focus 2022; 1:100018. [PMID: 37791238 PMCID: PMC10546572 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2022.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Lack of health insurance is a risk factor for uncontrolled hypertension, but it is unknown whether health insurance or neighborhood-level social deprivation is associated with greater reductions in blood pressure over time. Methods We estimated the association of health insurance and social deprivation index on blood pressure reduction over time using electronic health record data from 2012 to 2017. We included patients aged 19-64 years with an initial systolic blood pressure ≥150 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg and ≥1 additional visit from 93 community health centers in states that expanded Medicaid in 2014. Results We included 66,207 patients: 20.1% uninsured, 64.8% publicly insured, and 15.1% privately insured. Adjusting for patient characteristics and baseline blood pressure, systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure declined over the study period by 21.3/11.2 mmHg, 22.0/11.4 mmHg, and 21.1/10.7 mmHg among uninsured, publicly insured, and privately insured individuals, respectively. There were small but significantly greater reductions in systolic blood pressure among patients with public insurance than among those who were uninsured (difference= -1.3, 95% CI= -1.6, -1.0) but none associated with social deprivation index. There were no differences in diastolic blood pressure reductions over time by insurance status or social deprivation index. Blood pressure control (systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg) was significantly greater among publicly or commercially insured individuals than among uninsured individuals (51.7%, 51.5%, 44.6% respectively, both comparisons p<0.001), with no associations between blood pressure control and social deprivation index. Conclusions Reductions in blood pressure were large but mostly not associated with insurance type or social deprivation index. Additional research is needed to understand the factors that lead to blood pressure reduction in community health center settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly B. Green
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Washington Permanente Medical Group, Renton, Washington
| | | | - Nathalie Huguet
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Heather Angier
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Steele Valenzuela
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Miguel Marino
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Cartus AR, Goedel WC, Hallowell BD, Allen B, Pratty C, Planey AM, Ahern J, Cerdá M, Marshall BDL. Divergence Between Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Fatal Overdose Burden: A Population-Based Statewide Study. R I Med J (2013) 2022; 105:46-51. [PMID: 35882001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the characteristics of individual overdose decedents in Rhode Island, 2016-2020 to the neighborhoods where fatal overdoses occurred over the same time period. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of fatal overdoses occurring between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2020. Using individual- and neighborhood-level data, we conducted descriptive analyses to explore the characteristics of individuals and neighborhoods most affected by overdose. RESULTS Most overdose decedents during the study period were non-Hispanic White. Across increasingly more White and non-Hispanic neighborhoods, rates of fatal overdose per 100,000 person-years decreased. An opposite pattern was observed across quintiles of average neighborhood poverty. CONCLUSIONS Rates of fatal overdose were higher in less White, more Hispanic, and poorer neighborhoods, suggesting modest divergence between the characteristics of individuals and the neighborhoods most severely affected. These impacts may not be uniform across space and may accrue differentially to more disadvantaged and racially/ethnically diverse neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Cartus
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - William C Goedel
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health
| | | | - Bennett Allen
- Department of Population Health, Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | | | - Arrianna M Planey
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer Ahern
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Population Health, Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, New York University Grossman School of Medicine
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Abstract
Many rural communities throughout the United States have experienced brain drain, or the out-migration of educated young people. Explanations for why college-educated adults leave rural communities have relied on economic rationales; however, the effects of social identities, community context, and place attachment have also been shown to influence migration decisions. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study examines factors experienced during adolescence as well as postsecondary characteristics that promote college graduates' return to their rural communities when they are between the ages of 34 and 43. We find that among college graduates who had attended a rural public K-12 school, those who had higher levels of school attachment were significantly more likely to return home compared to graduates who had lower levels of school attachment. The findings also suggest that graduates who came from a lower college-educated community were more likely to return home than those from average or highly college-educated communities. By analyzing long-term outcomes, this study extends our understanding of the strengths of adolescent experiences and neighborhood context influencing the pull to return home and the support for policies strengthening rural communities as there may be long-term effects to returning home, even if youth leave for college.
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Chou EY, Moore K, Zhao Y, Melly S, Payvandi L, Buehler JW. Neighborhood Effects on Missed Appointments in a Large Urban Academic Multispecialty Practice. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:785-792. [PMID: 34159548 PMCID: PMC8904676 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Missed appointments diminish the continuity and quality of care. OBJECTIVE To determine whether missing scheduled appointments is associated with characteristics of the populations in places where patients reside. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study using data extracted from electronic health records linked to population descriptors for each patient's census tract of residence. PATIENTS A total of 58,981 patients ≥18 years of age with 275,682 scheduled appointments during 2014-2015 at a multispecialty outpatient practice. MAIN MEASURES We used multinomial generalized linear mixed models to examine associations between the outcomes of scheduled appointments (arrived, canceled, or missed) and selected characteristics of the populations in patients' census tracts of residence (racial/ethnic segregation based on population composition, levels of poverty, violent crime, and perceived safety and social capital), controlling for patients' age, gender, type of insurance, and type of clinic service. KEY RESULTS Overall, 17.5% of appointments were missed. For appointments among patients residing in census tracts in the highest versus lowest quartile for each population metric, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for missed appointments were 1.27 (CI 1.19, 1.35) for the rate of violent crime, 1.27 (CI 1.20, 1.34) for the proportion Hispanic, 1.19 (CI 1.12, 1.27) for the proportion living in poverty, 1.13 (CI 1.05, 1.20) for the proportion of the census tract population that was Black, and 1.06 (CI 1.01, 1.11 for perceived neighborhood safety. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of the places where patients reside are associated with missing scheduled appointments, including high levels of racial/ethnic segregation, poverty, and violent crime and low levels of perceived neighborhood safety. As such, targeting efforts to improve access for patients living in such neighborhoods will be particularly important to address underlying social determinants of access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Y Chou
- Drexel University College of Medicine and Drexel University Physicians Practice Plan, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kari Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuzhe Zhao
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Melly
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lily Payvandi
- Drexel University College of Medicine/Tower Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James W Buehler
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Health Management & Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Liu Z, Kemperman A, Timmermans H. Influence of Neighborhood Characteristics on Physical Activity, Health, and Quality of Life of Older Adults: A Path Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 9:783510. [PMID: 34900922 PMCID: PMC8652252 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.783510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As life expectancy and health expenditure consumed by older people increase, maintaining a better health and quality of life for older adults has become an important social issue. Research indicates that physical activity may help address this challenge. Moreover, it is believed that improved quality of life and health benefits from physical activity can be achieved through interventions in the neighborhood environments. However, existing knowledge has often been based on bivariate relationships between these factors, and few studies have formally examined the extent to which any association between neighborhood environments, health, and quality of life may be mediated by the level of physical activity. This paper aims to investigate the direct and indirect influence of neighborhood characteristics on the health and quality of life of older adults, taking into account physical activity behavior and socio-demographic characteristics in a more comprehensive framework. Methods: Data were collected using a survey among 363 older adults aged 60 years and over in China. A path analysis was used that derives all direct and indirect relationships between the variables. Results: Leisure-time physical activity levels played a mediating role in the relation between social capital and health as well as quality of life. Moreover, the study confirmed direct relationships between neighborhood characteristics such as neighborhood aesthetics and traffic safety and health as well as quality of life. However, the effect of neighborhood characteristics on health and quality of life through transport-related physical activity levels was not found. Conclusions: Leisure-time physical activity instead of transport-related physical activity should be considered a priority when developing interventions aiming to promote healthy aging. Additionally, neighborhood characteristics are important in promoting healthy aging, even though they have no or less impacts on older adults' health and quality of life through physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengying Liu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Astrid Kemperman
- Urban Planning and Transportation Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Harry Timmermans
- Urban Planning and Transportation Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Lee S. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association between Neighborhood Environment and Perceived Control in Older Adults: Findings from HRS. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111344. [PMID: 34769861 PMCID: PMC8583032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined how neighborhood environments are related to older adults’ perceived control over time. A longitudinal study design was employed using data sampled from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2014 and 2018. In total, 3170 older adults, whose age ranged between 60 and 99 years at the baseline, were followed up with a 4-year lag. Measures included two domains of neighborhood characteristics: social cohesion and physical disorder (at baseline and follow-up) and perceived control (at follow-up). Path coefficients between the latent factors were examined using structural equation modeling. Results showed that there was a significant cross-sectional and longitudinal association between neighborhood social cohesion and older adults’ perceived control, while neighborhood physical disorder was cross-sectionally associated with perceived control. Study findings provide evidence for promoting social integration and social capital in their neighborhood that might contribute to older adults’ perceived competence and beliefs in control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
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Namin S, Zhou Y, Neuner J, Beyer K. Neighborhood Characteristics and Cancer Survivorship: An Overview of the Current Literature on Neighborhood Landscapes and Cancer Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7192. [PMID: 34281129 PMCID: PMC8297243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing literature on the association between neighborhood contexts and cancer survivorship. To understand the current trends and the gaps in the literature, we aimed to answer the following questions: To what degree, and how, has cancer survivorship research accounted for neighborhood-level effects? What neighborhood metrics have been used to operationalize neighborhood factors? To what degree do the neighborhood level metrics considered in cancer research reflect neighborhood development as identified in the Leadership for Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) guidelines? We first conducted a review guided by PRISMA extension for scoping review of the extant literature on neighborhood effects and cancer survivorship outcomes from January 2000 to January 2021. Second, we categorized the studied neighborhood metrics under six main themes. Third, we assessed the findings based on the LEED-ND guidelines to identify the most relevant neighborhood metrics in association with areas of focus in cancer survivorship care and research. The search results were scoped to 291 relevant peer-reviewed journal articles. Results show that survivorship disparities, primary care, and weight management are the main themes in the literature. Additionally, most articles rely on neighborhood SES as the primary (or only) examined neighborhood level metric. We argue that the expansion of interdisciplinary research to include neighborhood metrics endorsed by current paradigms in salutogenic urban design can enhance the understanding of the role of socioecological context in survivorship care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Namin
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Joan Neuner
- General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.Z.); (K.B.)
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Tani Y, Hanazato M, Fujiwara T, Suzuki N, Kondo K. Neighborhood Sidewalk Environment and Incidence of Dementia in Older Japanese Adults. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1270-1280. [PMID: 33604662 PMCID: PMC8245872 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sidewalks are indispensable environmental resources for daily life in that they encourage physical activity. However, the proportion of sidewalk coverage is low even in developed countries. We examined the association between neighborhood sidewalk environment and dementia in Japan. We conducted a 3-year follow-up (2010–2013) among participants in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. We ascertained the incidence of dementia for 76,053 participants from the public long-term care insurance system. We calculated sidewalk coverage (sidewalk area as a percentage of road area) within 436 residential neighborhood units using geographic information systems. Multilevel survival models were used to estimate hazard ratios for the incidence of dementia. During follow-up, 5,310 dementia cases were found. In urban areas, compared with the lowest quartile of sidewalk coverage, the hazard ratio was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.33, 0.54) for the highest quartile, adjusting for individual covariates. After successive adjustments for other neighborhood factors (land slope; numbers of hospitals, grocery stores, parks, railway stations, and bus stops; educational level; and unemployment rate), the hazard ratio remained statistically significant (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 0.92). Living in a neighborhood with a high level of sidewalk installation was associated with low dementia incidence in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Tani
- Correspondence to Dr. Yukako Tani, Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan (e-mail: )
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Chen YH, Ma ZQ, Watkins SM. Effects of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics on Childhood Blood Lead Testing and Elevated Blood Lead Levels, A Pennsylvania Birth Cohort Analysis. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211017780. [PMID: 34009062 PMCID: PMC8138293 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211017780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite declining lead exposure among U.S. children, childhood blood lead level (BLL) undertesting and elevation remains a public health issue. This study explores the impacts of maternal, infant, and neighborhood characteristics on the receipt of lead testing and having elevated BLLs (EBLLs) among children under age two. METHODS Pennsylvania infants born in 2015 and 2016 were followed to 24 months. Birth certificate data were linked to 2015 through 2018 blood lead surveillance data and neighborhood data on household income, poverty, and the burden of houses built before 1970. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the individual and neighborhood characteristics independently and/or interactively affecting the likelihood of lead testing and of having EBLLs. RESULTS A total of 48.6% of children were tested for BLLs, and 2.6% of them had confirmed EBLLs. The likelihood of lead testing and of having EBLLs among non-Hispanic black children was respectively 7% and 18% higher than white children. Children born to mothers with the lowest educational attainment (<high school), with self-payment as a payment source for delivery, and without WIC enrollment were at higher risk of undertesting. Children living in neighborhoods of the lowest quartile of household income and the highest quartile of poverty and old housing were more likely to have EBLLs. Different neighborhood characteristics modified the associations between some individual factors (such as race/ethnicity, payment source for delivery, and WIC enrollment) and the odds of undertesting and of having EBLLs. CONCLUSION This cohort analysis provides more accurate estimates of lead screening rates and the percentages of EBLLs than cross-sectional analysis. Some maternal and infant demographics significantly impact the risk of undertesting and of having EBLLs, and some of the effects vary across different neighborhood characteristics. These findings can help lead prevention programs to target screening and treatment resources to children with specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh-Hsin Chen
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Zhen-Qiang Ma
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Sharon M Watkins
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, PA, USA
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Prasannan L, Rochelson B, Shan W, Nicholson K, Solmonovich R, Kulkarni A, Lewis D, Greenberg M, Nimaroff M, Blitz MJ. Social determinants of health and coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021; 3:100349. [PMID: 33757936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background The social and physical environments in which people live affect the emergence, prevalence, and severity of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. There are limited data on how such social determinants of health, including neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, affect the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy. Objective Our objective was to determine how social determinants of health are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 illness in hospitalized pregnant patients in New York during the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Study Design This cross-sectional study evaluated all pregnant patients who delivered and had polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 between March 15, 2020, and June 15, 2020, at 7 hospitals within Northwell Health, the largest academic health system in New York. During the study period, universal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing protocols were implemented at all sites. Polymerase chain reaction testing was performed using nasopharyngeal swabs. Patients were excluded if the following variables were not available: polymerase chain reaction results, race, ethnicity, or zone improvement plan (ZIP) code of residence. Clinical data were obtained from the enterprise electronic health record system. For each patient, ZIP code was used as a proxy for neighborhood. Socioeconomic characteristics were determined by linking to ZIP code data from the United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey and the Internal Revenue Service's Statistics of Income Division. Specific variables of interest included mean persons per household, median household income, percent unemployment, and percent with less than high school education. Medical records were manually reviewed for all subjects with positive polymerase chain reaction test results to correctly identify symptomatic patients and then classify those subjects using the National Institutes of Health severity of illness categories. Classification was based on the highest severity of illness throughout gestation and not necessarily at the time of presentation for delivery. Results A total of 4873 patients were included in the study. The polymerase chain reaction test positivity rate was 11% (n=544). Among this group, 359 patients (66%) were asymptomatic or presymptomatic, 115 (21%) had mild or moderate coronavirus disease 2019, and 70 (13%) had severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019. On multiple logistic regression modeling, pregnant patients who had a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were more likely to be younger or of higher parity, belong to minoritized racial and ethnic groups, have public health insurance, have limited English proficiency, and reside in low-income neighborhoods with less educational attainment. On ordinal logit regression modeling, obesity, income and education were associated with coronavirus disease 2019 severity. Conclusion Social and physical determinants of health play a role in determining the risk of infection. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 illness was not associated with race or ethnicity but was associated with maternal obesity and neighborhood level characteristics such as educational attainment and household income.
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Kim EJ, Cho MJ, Kim MJ. Mothers' Parenting Stress and Neighborhood Characteristics in Early Childhood (Ages 0-4). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18052648. [PMID: 33808019 PMCID: PMC7967403 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood characteristics are important when raising children. Traditional approaches to parental stress research have focused on the impacts of daily hassles and how individual factors, such as children’s temperament, family resources, and social support from friends and family reduce or exacerbate parental stress. There have been few studies on neighborhood characteristics and parental stress, and even fewer studies have examined the association longitudinally. The goal of the present study was to explore the association between mothers’ parental stress and neighborhood characteristics longitudinally across early childhood (ages 0–4). Using the 2008–2012 Panel Study on Korean Children, we followed 1536 mothers. The results showed that mothers’ parenting stress was highest when children were aged two to three, and neighborhood characteristics had significant associations with parenting stress. The study indicated that mothers who reported that their neighborhoods had sufficient childcare facilities, were convenient to access public recreational and cultural facilities, and those who reported that their neighborhoods were good places to raise children, exhibited significantly lower levels of parenting stress. Further, the effects of neighborhoods on mothers’ parenting stress were greatest when children were aged one and four. Hence, such findings should be incorporated when designing and developing communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- School of Architecture, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Min Jung Cho
- Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands;
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- School of Architecture, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2220-1249
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Mericle AA, Karriker-Jaffe K, Patterson D, Mahoney E, Cooperman L, Polcin DL. Recovery in context: Sober living houses and the ecology of recovery. J Community Psychol 2020; 48:2589-2607. [PMID: 32939779 PMCID: PMC7809921 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sober living houses (SLHs) are an increasingly common element of the recovery support services landscape, yet little is known about their neighborhood context. This study describes neighborhoods in which SLHs are located and examines differences by house characteristics. SLHs in Los Angeles County (N = 297) were geocoded and linked with U.S. Census, alcohol outlet, recovery resources, and accessibility data. Regression analyses tested differences by house characteristics. Co-ed houses were in neighborhoods that were less ethnically diverse and farther away from recovery resources. Larger house capacity was associated with increased density of off-premise alcohol outlets but also increased proximity to treatment. Higher fees were associated with lower neighborhood disadvantage and off-premise alcohol outlet density but the greater distance from treatment programs and other recovery resources. House characteristics are associated with neighborhood factors that both support recovery and place residents at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Mericle
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
| | | | - Deidre Patterson
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mahoney
- Behavioral Health and Recovery Studies at the Public Health Institute, California, USA
| | - Laya Cooperman
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Douglas L Polcin
- Behavioral Health and Recovery Studies at the Public Health Institute, California, USA
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Hatef E, Chang HY, Kitchen C, Weiner JP, Kharrazi H. Assessing the Impact of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics on COVID-19 Prevalence Across Seven States in the United States. Front Public Health 2020; 8:571808. [PMID: 33072710 PMCID: PMC7536340 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.571808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the United States has highlighted the long-standing nationwide health inequalities with socioeconomically challenged communities experiencing a higher burden of the disease. We assessed the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics on the COVID-19 prevalence across seven selected states (i.e., Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia). Methods: We obtained cumulative COVID-19 cases reported at the neighborhood aggregation level by Departments of Health in selected states on two dates (May 3rd, 2020, and May 30th, 2020) and assessed the correlation between the COVID-19 prevalence and neighborhood characteristics. We developed Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a composite measure to rank neighborhoods by their socioeconomic characteristics, using the 2018 US Census American Community Survey. The higher ADI rank represented more disadvantaged neighborhoods. Results: After controlling for age, gender, and the square mileage of each community we identified Zip-codes with higher ADI (more disadvantaged neighborhoods) in Illinois and Maryland had higher COVID-19 prevalence comparing to zip-codes across the country and in the same state with lower ADI (less disadvantaged neighborhoods) using data on May 3rd. We detected the same pattern across all states except for Florida and Virginia using data on May 30th, 2020. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that not all Americans are at equal risk for COVID-19. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities appear to be associated with their COVID-19 susceptibility, at least among those study states with high rates of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hatef
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Population Health Information Technology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Nguyen L, van den Berg P, Kemperman A, Mohammadi M. Where do People Interact in High-rise Apartment Buildings? Exploring the Influence of Personal and Neighborhood Characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17134619. [PMID: 32604991 PMCID: PMC7369851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early studies conclude that high-rise apartment buildings present challenges for people’s quality of life, resulting in social isolation, social annoyance and anonymity for residents. Nevertheless, empirical research into factors supporting social interaction in high-rise apartment buildings is still scarce. This study aims to investigate how often and where people in high-rise neighborhoods interact, and how this is affected by personal and neighborhoods characteristics. A mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methods was used including social interaction diaries and questionnaires among 274 residents, in-depth interviews with 45 residents and objective measurement of the physical environments in four high-rise apartment buildings for low in-income people in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results demonstrate that social interaction is influenced by a number of personal and neighborhood characteristics. Furthermore, most social interactions—also gathering and accompanying playing children—take place in the circulation areas of the apartment buildings. However, the use of these spaces for different purposes of interaction is found to have negative impact on people’s privacy, the feeling of safety and cleanliness of the shared spaces. The findings of this study provide information for planners and designers on how to design and improve high-rise apartment buildings that support social interaction.
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Walsan R, Feng X, Mayne DJ, Pai N, Bonney A. Neighborhood Environment and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity in Serious Mental Illness. J Prim Care Community Health 2020; 11:2150132720924989. [PMID: 32450744 PMCID: PMC7252365 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720924989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in serious mental illness (SMI). We investigated associations of neighborhood-level crime, accessibility to health care services, availability of green spaces, neighborhood obesity, and fast food availability with SMI-T2D comorbidity. Method: A series of multilevel logistic regression models accounting for neighborhood-level clustering were used to examine the associations between 5 neighborhood variables and SMI-T2D comorbidity, sequentially adjusting for individual-level variables and neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage. Results: Individuals with SMI residing in areas with higher crime rates per 1000 population had 2.5 times increased odds of reporting T2D comorbidity compared to the individuals with SMI residing in lower crime rate areas after controlling for individual and areal level factors (95% CI 0.91-6.74). There was no evidence of association between SMI-T2D comorbidity and other neighborhood variables investigated. Conclusion: Public health strategies to reduce SMI-T2D comorbidity might benefit by targeting on individuals with SMI living in high-crime neighborhoods. Future research incorporating longitudinal designs and/or mediation analysis are warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms of association between neighborhoods and SMI-T2D comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Walsan
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New
South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New
South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren J. Mayne
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New
South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Public Health Unit, Warrawong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nagesh Pai
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New
South Wales, Australia
- Mental Health Services, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Bonney
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New
South Wales, Australia
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Oates GR, Harris WT, Rowe SM, Solomon GM, Dey S, Zhu A, Hoover WC, Gutierrez HH. Area Deprivation as a Risk Factor for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:e285-9. [PMID: 31568067 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In US cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates have tripled in the past 2 decades. Known clinical risk factors include exposure to a healthcare setting, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CF-related diabetes. Area-level socio-environmental exposures have not been evaluated. We explored the association of area-level deprivation with MRSA prevalence in a pediatric CF Center in the Southeastern United States. METHODS Patients' residential addresses were geocoded and linked to a composite Area Deprivation Index and Rural-Urban Commuting Area scores. The association of MRSA with Area Deprivation Index and Rural-Urban Commuting Area scores was evaluated using logistic regression with robust standard errors adjusted for sociodemographic covariates (age, sex, race, mother's and father's education and household income), clinical risk factors (P. aeruginosa, CF-related diabetes, hospitalizations and number of clinic visits) and clustering. RESULTS The study included all pediatric patients (N = 231; mean age 12) at a single CF Center. MRSA was present in 44% of subjects. Higher area-level deprivation was correlated with rural residence, lack of parental college education and lower household income (P < 0.001 for each). In a multiple regression model fully adjusted for patient-level sociodemographic covariates, clinical risk factors and clustering, neighborhood deprivation was associated with more than 2-fold increase in the odds of having MRSA [OR 2.26 (1.14-4.45), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood deprivation is a risk factor for MRSA in pediatric CF, doubling the odds of infection. Community-level socioeconomic risk factors should be considered when developing prevention strategies and treatment plans for MRSA infection in pediatric patients with CF.
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Yoon H, Jang Y, Choi K, Kim H. Preventive Dental Care Utilization in Asian Americans in Austin, Texas: Does Neighborhood Matter? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15102261. [PMID: 30332736 PMCID: PMC6210422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although dental care is an essential component of comprehensive health care, a substantial proportion of the U.S. population lacks access to it. Disparities in dental care are most pronounced in racial/ethnic minority communities. Given the rapid population growth of Asian Americans, as well as the growing attention of neighborhood-level effects on health care use, the present study examines how individual-level variables (i.e., age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, education, place of birth, length of stay in the U.S., dental insurance, and self-rated oral health) and neighborhood-level variables (i.e., poverty level, density of Asian population, dentist availability, and Asian-related resources and services) contribute to predicting the use of preventive dental care in a sample of Asian Americans in Austin, TX. This study adds to the growing literature on the effect of neighborhood-level factors on health care as sources of disparities. Those living in the Census area with higher level of available dentists were more likely to use preventive dental care services. Findings suggest the importance of the location (proximity or accessibility) to dental clinics. In a planning perspective for health care policy, identifying the neighborhood with limited healthcare services could be a priority to diminish the disparity of the access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Yoon
- School of Social Work, The Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
| | - Yuri Jang
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
| | - Kwangyul Choi
- Haskayne School of Business, Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Newbury J, Arseneault L, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Odgers CL, Fisher HL. Cumulative Effects of Neighborhood Social Adversity and Personal Crime Victimization on Adolescent Psychotic Experiences. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:348-358. [PMID: 28535284 PMCID: PMC5815129 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of urbanicity, adverse neighborhood conditions and violent crime victimization on the emergence of adolescent psychotic experiences. METHODS Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative cohort of 2232 British twins who were interviewed about adolescent psychotic experiences at age 18. Urbanicity, neighborhood characteristics, and personal victimization by violent crime were measured during childhood and adolescence via geocoded census data, surveys of over 5000 immediate neighbors of the E-Risk participants, and interviews with participants themselves. RESULTS Adolescents raised in urban vs rural neighborhoods were significantly more likely to have psychotic experiences (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.21-2.30, P = .002). This association remained significant after considering potential confounders including family socioeconomic status, family psychiatric history, and adolescent substance problems (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.01-2.03, P = .042), but became nonsignificant after considering adverse social conditions in urban neighborhoods such as low social cohesion and high neighborhood disorder (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.94-1.92, P = .102). The combined association of adverse neighborhood social conditions and personal crime victimization with adolescent psychotic experiences (adjusted OR = 4.86, 95% CI = 3.28-7.20, P < .001) was substantially greater than for either exposure alone, highlighting a potential interaction between neighborhood conditions and crime victimization (interaction contrast ratio = 1.81, 95% CI = -0.03 to 3.65) that was significant at the P = .054 level. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative effects of adverse neighborhood social conditions and personal victimization by violent crime during upbringing partly explain why adolescents in urban settings are more likely to report psychotic experiences. Early intervention efforts for psychosis could be targeted towards victimized youth living in urban and socially adverse neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Newbury
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Arseneault
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Centre for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Centre for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Candice L Odgers
- Center for Child and Family Policy and the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Helen L Fisher
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence has shown that neighborhood characteristics have significant effects on quality metrics that evaluate health plans or health care providers. Using a data set of an urban teaching hospital patient discharges, this study aimed to determine whether a significant effect of neighborhood characteristics, measured by the Area Deprivation Index, could be observed on patients' readmission risk, independent of patient-level clinical and demographic factors. This study found that patients residing in more disadvantaged neighborhoods had significantly higher 30-day readmission risks compared to those living in less disadvantaged neighborhoods, even after accounting for individual-level factors. Those who lived in the most extremely socioeconomically challenged neighborhoods were 70% more likely to be readmitted than their counterparts who lived in less disadvantaged neighborhoods. These findings suggest that neighborhood-level factors should be considered along with individual-level factors in future work on adjustment of quality metrics for social risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy J H Kind
- 2 University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,3 William S. Middleton Veteran's Affairs Hospital, Madison, WI
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Do DP, Frank R, Zheng C, Iceland J. Hispanic Segregation and Poor Health: It's Not Just Black and White. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:990-999. [PMID: 28541384 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of understanding the fundamental determinants of Hispanic health, few studies have investigated how metropolitan segregation shapes the health of the fastest-growing population in the United States. Using 2006-2013 data from the National Health Interview Survey, we 1) examined the relationship between Hispanic metropolitan segregation and respondent-rated health for US-born and foreign-born Hispanics and 2) assessed whether neighborhood poverty mediated this relationship. Results indicated that segregation has a consistent, detrimental effect on the health of US-born Hispanics, comparable to findings for blacks and black-white segregation. In contrast, segregation was salutary (though not always significant) for foreign-born Hispanics. We also found that neighborhood poverty mediates some, but not all, of the associations between segregation and poor health. Our finding of divergent associations between health and segregation by nativity points to the wide range of experiences within the diverse Hispanic population and suggests that socioeconomic status and structural factors, such as residential segregation, come into play in determining Hispanic health for the US-born in a way that does not occur among the foreign-born.
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Zhang YT, Mujahid MS, Laraia BA, Warton EM, Blanchard SD, Moffet HH, Downing J, Karter AJ. Association Between Neighborhood Supermarket Presence and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:1297-1303. [PMID: 28510620 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated associations between neighborhood supermarket gain or loss and glycemic control (assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values) in patients from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry (n = 434,806 person-years; 2007-2010). Annual clinical measures were linked to metrics from a geographic information system for each patient's address of longest residence. We estimated the association between change in supermarket presence (gain, loss, or no change) and change in HbA1c value, adjusting for individual- and area-level attributes and according to baseline glycemic control (near normal, <6.5%; good, 6.5%-7.9%; moderate, 8.0%-8.9%; and poor, ≥9.0%). Supermarket loss was associated with worse HbA1c trajectories for those with good, moderate, and poor glycemic control at baseline, while supermarket gain was associated with marginally better HbA1c outcomes only among patients with near normal HbA1c values at baseline. Patients with the poorest baseline HbA1c values (≥9.0%) had the worst associated changes in glycemic control following either supermarket loss or gain. Differences were not clinically meaningful relative to no change in supermarket presence. For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, gaining neighborhood supermarket presence did not benefit glycemic control in a substantive way. The significance of supermarket changes on health depends on a complex interaction of resident, neighborhood, and store characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Tara Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Mahasin S. Mujahid
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Barbara A. Laraia
- Division of Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Samuel D. Blanchard
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Janelle Downing
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Newbury J, Arseneault L, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Odgers CL, Fisher HL. Why Are Children in Urban Neighborhoods at Increased Risk for Psychotic Symptoms? Findings From a UK Longitudinal Cohort Study. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1372-1383. [PMID: 27153864 PMCID: PMC5049530 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban upbringing is associated with a 2-fold adulthood psychosis risk, and this association replicates for childhood psychotic symptoms. No study has investigated whether specific features of urban neighborhoods increase children's risk for psychotic symptoms, despite these early psychotic phenomena elevating risk for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in adulthood. METHODS Analyses were conducted on over 2000 children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative cohort of UK-born twins. Neighborhood-level characteristics were assessed for each family via: a geodemographic discriminator indexing neighborhood-level deprivation, postal surveys of over 5000 residents living alongside the children, and in-home interviews with the children's mothers. Children were interviewed about psychotic symptoms at age 12. Analyses were adjusted for important family-level confounders including socioeconomic status (SES), psychiatric history, and maternal psychosis. RESULTS Urban residency at age-5 (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.16-2.77) and age-12 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.15-2.69) were both significantly associated with childhood psychotic symptoms, but not with age-12 anxiety, depression, or antisocial behavior. The association was not attributable to family SES, family psychiatric history, or maternal psychosis, each implicated in childhood mental health. Low social cohesion, together with crime victimization in the neighborhood explained nearly a quarter of the association between urbanicity and childhood psychotic symptoms after considering family-level confounders. CONCLUSIONS Low social cohesion and crime victimization in the neighborhood partly explain why children in cities have an elevated risk of developing psychotic symptoms. Greater understanding of the mechanisms leading from neighborhood-level exposures to psychotic symptoms could help target interventions for emerging childhood psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Newbury
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Arseneault
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Centre for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Centre for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Candice L. Odgers
- Center for Child and Family Policy and the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC,These authors are joint senior authors
| | - Helen L. Fisher
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; tel: +44-(0)207-848-5430, fax: +44-(0)207-848-0866, e-mail:
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Johnson DA, Lisabeth L, Hickson D, Johnson-Lawrence V, Samdarshi T, Taylor H, Diez Roux AV. The Social Patterning of Sleep in African Americans: Associations of Socioeconomic Position and Neighborhood Characteristics with Sleep in the Jackson Heart Study. Sleep 2016; 39:1749-59. [PMID: 27253767 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We investigated cross-sectional associations of individual-level socioeconomic position (SEP) and neighborhood characteristics (social cohesion, violence, problems, disadvantage) with sleep duration and sleep quality in 5,301 African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. METHODS All measures were self-reported. Sleep duration was assessed as hours of sleep; sleep quality was reported as poor (1) to excellent (5). SEP was measured by categorized years of education and income. Multinomial logistic and linear regression models were fit to examine the associations of SEP and neighborhood characteristics (modeled dichotomously and tertiles) with sleep duration (short vs. normal, long vs. normal) and continuous sleep duration and quality after adjustment for demographics and risk factors. RESULTS The mean sleep duration was 6.4 ± 1.5 hours, 54% had a short (≤ 6 h) sleep duration, 5% reported long (≥ 9 h) sleep duration, and 24% reported fair to poor sleep quality. Lower education was associated with greater odds of long sleep (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 3.38) and poorer sleep quality (β = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.27, -0.07) compared to higher education after adjustment for demographics and risk factors. Findings were similar for income. High neighborhood violence was associated with shorter sleep duration (-9.82 minutes, 95% CI = -16.98, -2.66) and poorer sleep quality (β = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.20, 0.00) after adjustment for demographics and risk factors. Results were similar for neighborhood problems. In secondary analyses adjusted for depressive symptoms in a subset of participants, most associations were attenuated and only associations of low SEP with higher odds of long sleep and higher neighborhood violence with poorer sleep quality remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Social and environmental characteristics are associated with sleep duration and quality in African Americans. Depressive symptoms may explain at least part of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna A Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Lynda Lisabeth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - DeMarc Hickson
- My Brothers Keeper, Inc., Jackson, MS.,University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Vicki Johnson-Lawrence
- Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan
| | | | - Herman Taylor
- Morehouse School of Medicine's Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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Ye H, Lee S, Kim H. Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on Length of Inpatient Stay: Findings from the U.S. National Data. Soc Work Res 2016; 40:117-126. [PMID: 27257365 PMCID: PMC4886271 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a nationally representative U.S. sample, this study examined the extent to which neighborhood characteristics affected length of inpatient stay (LOS) in the United States. Data were obtained from the 2012 Area Health Resource Files. A total of 3,148 U.S. counties were included in the study. Generalized linear models and the geographically weighted regression model were used to examine the extent to which neighborhood characteristics affected LOS and its spatial variation. Exploratory spatial data analysis was also conducted to examine the geographic patterns in LOS. Hospital bed capacity was found to be the strongest predictor of LOS. Counties with a lower poverty rate, a lower uninsured rate, a higher proportion of female residents, a higher proportion of residents living in urban areas, and more diverse racial groups had a longer LOS. Significant spatial clustering pattern of LOS was also found. Findings suggest that social work professionals should be aware of spatial disparity in health care resources and develop ways of providing equitable health care for vulnerable populations in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairen Ye
- is a doctoral student, Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea. is assistant professor, Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Address correspondence to Sungkyu Lee, School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dong-gu, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea
| | - Sungkyu Lee
- is a doctoral student, Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea. is assistant professor, Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Address correspondence to Sungkyu Lee, School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dong-gu, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- is a doctoral student, Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea. is assistant professor, Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Address correspondence to Sungkyu Lee, School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dong-gu, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea
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44
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association of neighborhood social and physical characteristics with ADHD, accounting for individual and family factors. METHOD The 2007 National Survey of Child Health, a nationally representative data set, was used (N = 64,076). Three neighborhood scales were generated: social support, amenities, and disorder. Logistic and ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to examine the association of these scales with ADHD diagnosis and severity while adjusting for individual and family characteristics. RESULTS Eight percent had a child with ADHD: 47% described as mild, 40% moderate, and 13% severe. In adjusted models, lower neighborhood support was associated with increased ADHD diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66 [1.05, 2.63]) and severity (OR = 3.74 [1.71, 8.15]); neighborhood amenities or disorder were not significantly associated. Poor parental mental health was associated with ADHD prevalence and severity. CONCLUSION Neighborhood social support is a potential area of intervention for children with ADHD and their caregivers. Research challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene H Yen
- University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA
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45
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Hrudey EJ, Kunst AE, Stronks K, Vrijkotte TG. Do neighborhood characteristics in Amsterdam influence adiposity at preschool age? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:5561-80. [PMID: 26006128 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neighborhood characteristics may contribute to adiposity in young children, but results in the current literature are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate whether objective (socioeconomic status (SES)) and subjective (perceived safety, satisfaction with green spaces and perceived physical disorder) neighborhood characteristics directly influence child adiposity (as measured by BMI, percent body fat (%BF) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)). Methods: Data on child BMI, %BF and WHtR were obtained from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort at 5–6 years of age. Three thousand four hundred and sixty nine (3469) children were included in the analyses. Mixed models, using random intercepts for postal code area to account for neighborhood clustering effects, were used to analyze the relationships of interest. Results: Associations were observed for both perceived safety and neighborhood SES with %BF after adjustment for maternal education and ethnicity. All relationships were eliminated with the inclusion of individual covariates and parental BMI into the models. Conclusions: In general, child adiposity at age 5–6 years was not independently associated with neighborhood characteristics, although a small relationship between child %BF and both neighborhood SES and perceived safety cannot be ruled out. At this young age, familial and individual factors probably play a more important role in influencing child adiposity than neighborhood characteristics.
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46
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Lamichhane AP, Warren JL, Peterson M, Rummo P, Gordon-Larsen P. Spatial-temporal modeling of neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics and food stores. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:137-50. [PMID: 25515169 PMCID: PMC4351344 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on food stores, neighborhood poverty, and race/ethnicity is mixed and lacks methods of accounting for complex spatial and temporal clustering of food resources. We used quarterly data on supermarket and convenience store locations from Nielsen TDLinx (Nielsen Holdings N.V., New York, New York) spanning 7 years (2006-2012) and census tract-based neighborhood sociodemographic data from the American Community Survey (2006-2010) to assess associations between neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics and food store distributions in the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) of 4 US cities (Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and San Francisco, California). We fitted a space-time Poisson regression model that accounted for the complex spatial-temporal correlation structure of store locations by introducing space-time random effects in an intrinsic conditionally autoregressive model within a Bayesian framework. After accounting for census tract-level area, population, their interaction, and spatial and temporal variability, census tract poverty was significantly and positively associated with increasing expected numbers of supermarkets among tracts in all 4 MSAs. A similar positive association was observed for convenience stores in Birmingham, Minneapolis, and San Francisco; in Chicago, a positive association was observed only for predominantly white and predominantly black tracts. Our findings suggest a positive association between greater numbers of food stores and higher neighborhood poverty, with implications for policy approaches related to food store access by neighborhood poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Correspondence to Dr. Penny Gordon-Larsen, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 137 East Franklin Street, Campus Box 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 (e-mail: )
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47
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Camacho-Rivera M, Kawachi I, Bennett GG, Subramanian SV. Associations of neighborhood concentrated poverty, neighborhood racial/ethnic composition, and indoor allergen exposures: a cross-sectional analysis of los angeles households, 2006-2008. J Urban Health 2014; 91:661-76. [PMID: 24771244 PMCID: PMC4134442 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-014-9872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and neighborhood factors have been linked to asthma, and the association between indoor allergens and asthma is well documented, few studies have examined the relationship between these factors and indoor allergens. We examined the frequency of reported indoor allergens and differences by racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and neighborhood characteristics among a diverse sample of Los Angeles households. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyze the data from 723 households from wave 2 of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey. The reported presence of rats, mice, cockroaches, mold, pets, and tobacco smoke were the primary outcomes of interest. Hispanic and Asian households had a nearly threefold increase in the odds of reporting cockroaches compared to non-Hispanic Whites (OR, 2.85; 95 % CI 1.38-5.88 and OR, 2.62; 95 % CI 1.02-6.73, respectively) even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Primary caregivers who had obtained a high school degree were significantly less likely to report the presence of mice and cockroaches compared to primary caregivers with less than a high school degree (OR, 0.19; 95 % CI 0.08-0.46 and OR, 0.39; 95 % CI 0.23-0.68, respectively). Primary caregivers with more than a high school degree were also less likely to report the presence of rats, mice, and cockroaches within their households, compared to those with less than a high school degree. Compared to renters, home owners were less likely to report the presence of mice, cockroaches, and mold within their households. At the neighborhood level, households located within neighborhoods of high concentrated poverty (where the average poverty rate is at least 50 %) were more likely to report the presence of mice and cockroaches compared to households in low concentrated poverty neighborhoods (average poverty rate is 10 % or less), after adjusting for individual race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics. Our study found evidence in support of neighborhood-level racial/ethnic and socioeconomic influences on indoor allergen exposure, above and beyond individual factors. Future studies should continue to explore individual and neighborhood-level racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in household allergen exposures across diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Camacho-Rivera
- Department of Population Health, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Great Neck, NY, USA
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48
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Crawford ND, White K, Rudolph AE, Jones KC, Benjamin EO, Fuller CM. The Relationship Between Multiple Forms of Discrimination, Neighborhood Characteristics, and Depression Among Illicit Drug Users in New York City. J Drug Issues 2014; 44:197-211. [PMID: 26097253 PMCID: PMC4474473 DOI: 10.1177/0022042613494840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is plausible that features of the social environment combined with experiences of discrimination may help further explain experiences of depression among illicit drug users. We examined the influence of census tract-level characteristics and multiple forms of individual-level discrimination on lifetime depression among illicit drug users in New York City enrolled in the "Social Ties Associated With Risk of Transition" study. Population average models accounted for clustering of individuals within census tracts. Discrimination based on prior incarceration explained Hispanic/White differences in depression and was independently associated with depression after accounting for neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhood poverty was only marginally related to lifetime depression. These data provide evidence supporting the influence of discrimination on depression among drug users. Research is needed to confirm these findings and highlight specific mechanisms through which discrimination and neighborhood socioeconomic status may operate to influence mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D. Crawford
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Abby E. Rudolph
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, CA, USA
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Cooper HLF, Hunter-Jones J, Kelley ME, Karnes C, Haley DF, Ross Z, Rothenberg R, Bonney LE. The aftermath of public housing relocations: relationships between changes in local socioeconomic conditions and depressive symptoms in a cohort of adult relocaters. J Urban Health 2014; 91:223-41. [PMID: 24311024 PMCID: PMC3978147 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-013-9844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
USA is experiencing a paradigm shift in public housing policy: while policies used to place people who qualified for housing assistance into spatially concentrated housing complexes, they now seek to geographically disperse them, often to voucher-subsidized rental units in the private market. Programs that relocate residents from public housing complexes tend to move them to neighborhoods that are less impoverished and less violent. To date, studies have reached conflicting findings about the relationship between public housing relocations and depression among adult relocaters. The present longitudinal multilevel analysis tests the hypothesis that pre-/postrelocation improvements in local economic conditions, social disorder, and perceived community violence are associated with declines in depressive symptoms in a cohort of African-American adults; active substance misusers were oversampled. We tested this hypothesis in a cohort of 172 adults who were living in one of seven public housing complexes scheduled for relocation and demolition in Atlanta, GA; by design, 20% were dependent on substances and 50% misused substances but were not dependent. Baseline data captured prerelocation characteristics of participants; of the seven census tracts where they lived, three waves of postrelocation data were gathered approximately every 9 months thereafter. Surveys were administered at each wave to assess depressive symptoms measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), perceived community violence, and other individual-level covariates. Participants' home addresses were geocoded to census tracts at each wave, and administrative data sources were used to characterize tract-level economic disadvantage and social disorder. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel models. Between waves 1 and 2, participants experienced significant improvements in reported depressive symptoms and perceived community violence and in tract-level economic disadvantage and social disorder; these reductions were sustained across waves 2-4. A 1 standard deviation improvement in economic conditions was associated with a 1-unit reduction in CES-D scores; the magnitude of this relationship did not vary by baseline substance misuse or gender. Reduced perceived community violence also predicted lower CES-D scores. Our objective measure of social disorder was unrelated to depressive symptoms. We found that relocaters who experienced greater pre-/postrelocation improvements in economic conditions or in perceived community violence experienced fewer depressive symptoms. Combined with past research, these findings suggest that relocation initiatives should focus on the quality of the places to which relocaters move; future research should also identify pathways linking pre-/postrelocation changes in place characteristics to changes in mental health.
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50
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Oka M, Link CL, Kawachi I. Area-based variations in obesity are more than a function of the food and physical activity environment : area-based variations in obesity. J Urban Health 2013; 90:442-63. [PMID: 22700325 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-012-9715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the area-based variations in obesity from a community-based epidemiologic survey of Boston, MA, USA, using a geographic information system and multilevel modeling techniques. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to assess whether a function of the food and the physical activity (PA) environment can explain the body weight of residents. First, a series of multilevel analyses was conducted after accounting for the well-established individual determinants and capturing a wide range of environmental attributes to represent a more realistic portrayal of urban typology. Second, the results of multilevel analysis were framed into the theoretical model of area-based variations in obesity to qualitatively summarize the association of contextual factors with the body weight of residents. Based on the overall correlation, the area-based variations defined by a function of the food and PA environment seem to be insufficient in explaining the body weight of residents. By testing the cross-level interactions of gender and race/ethnicity with contextual factors, the results suggest that the concept of area-based variations in obesity will have to consider how residents behave differently within a given environment. More research is needed to better understand the contextual determinants of obesity so as to put forth population-wide interventions.
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