1
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Niu Q, Wang M, Liu XS. The evolving landscape of IL-10, IL-22 and IL-26 in pleurisy especially in tuberculous pleurisy. Respir Res 2024; 25:275. [PMID: 39003443 PMCID: PMC11245850 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleurisy can be categorized as primary or secondary, arising from immunological, tumorous, or microbial conditions. It often results in lung structure damage and the development of various respiratory issues. Among the different types, tuberculous pleurisy has emerged as a prominent focus for both clinical and scientific investigations. The IL-10 family, known for its anti-inflammatory properties in the human immune system, is increasingly being studied for its involvement in the pathogenesis of pleurisy. This review aims to present a detailed overview of the intricate role of IL-10 family members (specifically IL-10, IL-22, and IL-26) in human and animal pleuritic diseases or relevant animal models. These insights could serve as valuable guidance and references for further studies on pleurisy and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Niu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, Baoji Gaoxin Hospital, Baoji, 721000, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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2
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Jiang M, Qin B, Luo L, Li X, Shi Y, Zhang J, Luo Z, Zhu C, Guan G, Du Y, You J. A clinically acceptable strategy for sensitizing anti-PD-1 treatment by hypoxia relief. J Control Release 2021; 335:408-419. [PMID: 34089792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) hinders the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Alleviating tumor hypoxia to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represented by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody has become a meaningful strategy. In this study, we adopted three methods to alleviate hypoxia, including direct oxygen delivery using two different carriers and an indirect way involving HIF-1α inhibition. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that liposomes modified with perfluorocarbon or hemoglobin (PFC@lipo or Hb@lipo) were able to efficiently load and release oxygen, relieving tumor hypoxia. However, the gas release behavior of PFC@lipo was uncontrollable, which might induce acute hyperoxia side effects during intravenous injection and reduce its biosafety. In contrast, whether administered locally or systemically, Hb@lipo revealed high animal tolerance, and was much safer than commercial HIF-1α inhibitor (PX-478), displaying prospects as a promising oxygen carrier for clinical practice. Pharmacodynamic experiments suggested that Hb@lipo helped PD-1 antibody break the therapeutic bottleneck and significantly inhibited the progression of 4 T1 breast cancer. But in CT26 colon cancer, the combination therapy failed to suppress tumor growth. After in-depth analysis and comparison, we found that the ratio of M1/M2 tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) between these two tumor models were dramatically different. And the lower M1/M2 ratio in CT26 tumors limited the anti-tumor effect of combination therapy. In this study, three methods for alleviating tumor hypoxia were compared from the perspectives of biosafety, efficacy and clinical applicability. Among them, Hb@lipo stood out, and its combined use with PD-1 antibody exhibit a distinct synergistic suppression effect on tumors with more M1 macrophages presented in the microenvironment. Our work provided a good reference for improving the efficacy of PD-1 antibody by alleviating tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Guannan Guan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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3
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Su F, Wu Y, Li J, Huang Y, Yu B, Xu L, Xue Y, Xiao C, Yuan X. Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit Combined with Ginsenoside Rg1 as an Intranasal Adjuvant Triggers Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway and Enhances Adaptive Immune Responses to an Inactivated PRRSV Vaccine in ICR Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030266. [PMID: 33809809 PMCID: PMC8002527 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen that has threatened the global swine industry for almost 30 years. Because current vaccines do not provide complete protection, exploration of new preventive strategies is urgently needed. Here, we combined a heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of Escherichia coli (LTB) and ginsenoside Rg1 to form an intranasal adjuvant and evaluated its enhancement of immune responses in mice when added to an inactivated-PRRSV vaccine. The combination adjuvant synergistically elicited higher neutralizing and non-neutralizing (immunoglobulin G and A) antibody responses in the circulatory system and respiratory tract, and enhanced T and B lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+ T-cell priming, and cytotoxic CD4+ T cell activities in mononuclear cells from spleen and lung tissues when compared to the PRRSV vaccine alone, and it resulted in balanced Th1/Th2/Th17 responses. More importantly, we observed that the combination adjuvant also up-regulated type I interferon signaling, which may contribute to improvement in adaptive immune responses. These results highlight the potential value of a combined adjuvant approach for improving the efficacy of vaccination against PRRSV. Further study is required to evaluate the efficacy of this combined adjuvant in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (B.Y.); (L.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Yige Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (B.Y.); (L.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Junxing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (B.Y.); (L.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Yee Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (B.Y.); (L.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (B.Y.); (L.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Lihua Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (B.Y.); (L.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Yin Xue
- Zhejiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Hangzhou 310020, China;
| | - Chenwen Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (B.Y.); (L.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Xiufang Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (B.Y.); (L.X.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Crowther RR, Qualls JE. Metabolic Regulation of Immune Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Spotlight on L-Arginine and L-Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628432. [PMID: 33633745 PMCID: PMC7900187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite decades of research, there is still much to be uncovered regarding the immune response to Mtb infection. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on anti-Mtb immunity, with a spotlight on immune cell amino acid metabolism. Specifically, we discuss L-arginine and L-tryptophan, focusing on their requirements, regulatory roles, and potential use as adjunctive therapy in TB patients. By continuing to uncover the immune cell contribution during Mtb infection and how amino acid utilization regulates their functions, it is anticipated that novel host-directed therapies may be developed and/or refined, helping to eradicate TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Crowther
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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5
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A Phenotypic Characterization of Two Isolates of a Multidrug-Resistant Outbreak Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Opposite Epidemiological Fitness. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4741237. [PMID: 32337252 PMCID: PMC7168692 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4741237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. The M. tuberculosis strain of the Haarlem family named M was responsible for a large multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) outbreak in Buenos Aires. This outbreak started in the early 1990s and in the mid 2000s still accounted for 29% of all MDR-TB cases in Argentina. By contrast, a clonal variant of strain M, named 410, has caused a single tuberculosis case since the onset of the outbreak. The molecular bases of the high epidemiological fitness of the M strain remain unclear. To assess its unique molecular properties, herein, we performed a comparative protein and lipid analysis of a representative clone of the M strain (Mp) and the nonprosperous M variant 410. We also evaluated their growth in low pH. The variant 410 had higher levels of latency proteins under standard conditions and delayed growth at low pH, suggesting that it is more sensitive to stress stimuli than Mp. Moreover, Mp showed higher levels of mycolic acids covalently attached to the cell wall and lower accumulation of free mycolic acids in the outer layer than the 410 strain. The low expression of latency proteins together with the reduced content of surface mycolic acids may facilitate Mp to evade the host immune responses.
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6
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Regulatory B cells in infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2020; 352:104076. [PMID: 32143836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory B (Breg) cells are characterized by differential expression of CD5 and CD1d in mouse and CD24 and CD38 in human immune systems. The Breg family also includes LAG-3+CD138hi plasma cells, CD1d CD5 CD21 CD23 cells, Tim1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CD200- expressing B cells, and CD39hiKi67+ cells originating from the transitional, marginal zone or germinal centre of the spleen. Breg cells produce IL10 and IL35 and to cause immunosuppression. These cells respond to TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 agonists, CD40 ligands, IL12p35 and heat shock proteins. Emerging evidence suggests that TLR signalling component Myd88 impacts the modulation of Breg cell responses and the host's susceptibility to infection. Breg cells are found to reduce relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the Breg-mediated mechanism used to control T cell-mediated immune responses is still unclear. Here, we review the existing literature to find gaps in the current knowledge and to build a pathway to further research.
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7
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health challenge that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. TB is caused by infection with the bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), which has evolved a wide variety of strategies in order to thrive within its host. Understanding the complex interactions between M. tuberculosis and host immunity can inform the rational design of better TB vaccines and therapeutics. This chapter covers innate and adaptive immunity against M. tuberculosis infection, including insights on bacterial immune evasion and subversion garnered from animal models of infection and human studies. In addition, this chapter discusses the immunology of the TB granuloma, TB diagnostics, and TB comorbidities. Finally, this chapter provides a broad overview of the current TB vaccine pipeline.
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8
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Predominance of Th1 Immune Response in Pleural Effusion of Patients with Tuberculosis among Other Exudative Etiologies. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 58:JCM.00927-19. [PMID: 31619524 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00927-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural tuberculosis (PlTB), a common form of extrapulmonary TB, remains a challenge in the diagnosis among many causes of pleural effusion. We recently reported that the combinatorial analysis of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) from the pleural microenvironment was useful to distinguish pleural effusion caused by TB (microbiologically confirmed or not) among other etiologies. In this cross-sectional cohort study, a set of inflammatory mediators was quantified in blood and pleural fluid (PF) from exudative pleural effusion cases, including PlTB (n = 27) and non-PlTB (nTB) (n = 25) patients. The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IP-10, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β), and ADA were determined using cytometric bead assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or biochemical tests. IFN-γ, IP-10, TNF, TGF-β, and ADA quantified in PF showed significantly higher concentrations in PlTB patients than in nTB patients. When blood and PF were compared, significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in PF were identified in both groups. TGF-β, solely, showed significantly increased levels in PF and blood from PlTB patients when both clinical specimens were compared to those from nTB patients. Principal-component analysis (PCA) revealed a T helper type 1 (Th1) pattern attributed mainly to higher levels of IP-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF in the pleural cavity, which was distinct between PlTB and nTB. In conclusion, our findings showed a predominantly cellular immune response in PF from TB cases, rather than other causes of exudative effusion commonly considered in the differential diagnosis of PlTB.
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9
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Carow B, Hauling T, Qian X, Kramnik I, Nilsson M, Rottenberg ME. Spatial and temporal localization of immune transcripts defines hallmarks and diversity in the tuberculosis granuloma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1823. [PMID: 31015452 PMCID: PMC6479067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are the pathological hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) and the niche where bacilli can grow and disseminate or the immunological microenvironment in which host cells interact to prevent bacterial dissemination. Here we show 34 immune transcripts align to the morphology of lung sections from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice at cellular resolution. Colocalizing transcript networks at <10 μm in C57BL/6 mouse granulomas increase complexity with time after infection. B-cell clusters develop late after infection. Transcripts from activated macrophages are enriched at subcellular distances from M. tuberculosis. Encapsulated C3HeB/FeJ granulomas show necrotic centers with transcripts associated with immunosuppression (Foxp3, Il10), whereas those in the granuloma rims associate with activated T cells and macrophages. We see highly diverse networks with common interactors in similar lesions. Different immune landscapes of M. tuberculosis granulomas depending on the time after infection, the histopathological features of the lesion, and the proximity to bacteria are here defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Carow
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hauling
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Qian
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Igor Kramnik
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, USA
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Martin E Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Ferrian S, Ross M, Conradie F, Vally Omar S, Ismail N, Little F, Kaplan G, Fallows D, Gray CM. Frequency of Circulating CD4 +Ki67 +HLA-DR - T Regulatory Cells Prior to Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Can Differentiate the Severity of Disease and Predict Time to Culture Conversion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2438. [PMID: 30410488 PMCID: PMC6209685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a blood circulating cellular biomarker that can be used to assess severity of disease and predict the time to culture conversion (TCC) in patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) would facilitate monitoring response to treatment and may be of value in the design of future drug trials. We report on the frequency of blood Ki67+HLA-DR- CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells in predicting microbiological outcome before initiating second-line treatment for MDR-TB. Fifty-one patients with MDR-TB were enrolled and followed over 18 months; a subset of patients was sputum culture (SC) negative at baseline (n = 9). SC positive patients were divided into two groups, based on median TCC: rapid responders (≤71 days TCC; n = 21) and slow responders (>71 days TCC; n = 21). Whole blood at baseline, months 2 and 6 was stimulated with M tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens and Treg cells were then identified as CD3+CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+CD127-CD69- and further delineated as Ki67+HLA-DR- Treg. The frequency of these cells was significantly enlarged at baseline in SC positive relative to SC negative and smear positive relative to smear negative patients and in those with lung cavitation. This difference was further supported by unsupervised hierarchical clustering showing a significant grouping at baseline of total and early differentiated memory Treg cells in slow responders. Conversely, there was a clustering of a lower proportion of Treg cells and activated IFNγ-expressing T cells at baseline in the rapid responders. Examining changes over time revealed a more gradual reduction of Treg cells in slow responders relative to rapid responders to treatment. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that baseline Mtb-stimulated Ki67+HLA-DR- Treg cells could predict the TCC of MDR-TB treatment response with 81.2% sensitivity and 85% specificity (AUC of 0.87, p < 0.0001), but this was not the case after 2 months of treatment. In conclusion, our data show that the frequency of a highly defined Mtb-stimulated blood Treg cell population at baseline can discriminate MDR-TB disease severity and predict time to culture clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ferrian
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melinda Ross
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francesca Conradie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shaheed Vally Omar
- Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nazir Ismail
- Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Francesca Little
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Dorothy Fallows
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Clive M Gray
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Lin G, Liu Y, Li S, Mao Y, Wang J, Shuang Z, Chen J, Li S. Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50963-50971. [PMID: 26918355 PMCID: PMC5239451 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was associated with poor anti-tumor immunity and prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Clinicopathologic data of 102 patients with ICC who underwent hepatectomy was retrospectively analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to analyze the survival and prognosis. The percentage of overall lymphocytes, T cells and CD8+ T cells in the high NLR group was lower than that in the low NLR group. The percentage of PD-1+CD4+ and PD-1+CD8+ T cells was higher and the percentage of IFN-γ+CD4+ and IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells was lower in the high NLR group than that in the low NLR group (p = 0.045, p = 0.008; p = 0.012, p = 0.006). Density of tumor-infiltrating CD3+ T cells in the high NLR group was lower than that in the low NLR group (p < 0.001). Elevated NLR was an independent predictor for poor overall survival (OS; p = 0.035) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; p = 0.008). These results indicate that elevated NLR is associated with poor anti-tumor immunity and could be a poor biomarker for prognosis in patients with ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yize Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Abstract
Immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires a balance between adaptive immune responses to constrain bacterial replication and the prevention of potentially damaging immune activation. Regulatory T (Treg) cells express the transcription factor Foxp3+ and constitute an essential counterbalance of inflammatory Th1 responses and are required to maintain immune homeostasis. The first reports describing the presence of Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells in tuberculosis (TB) emerged in 2006. Different Treg cell subsets, most likely specialized for different tissues and microenvironments, have been shown to expand in both human TB and animal models of TB. Recently, additional functional roles for Treg cells have been demonstrated during different stages and spectrums of TB disease. Foxp3+ regulatory cells can quickly expand during early infection and impede the onset of cellular immunity and persist during chronic TB infection. Increased frequencies of Treg cells have been associated with a detrimental outcome of active TB, and may be dependent on the M. tuberculosis strain, animal model, local environment, and the stage of infection. Some investigations also suggest that Treg cells are required together with effector T cell responses to obtain reduced pathology and sterilizing immunity. In this review, we will first provide an overview of the regulatory cells and mechanisms that control immune homeostasis. Then, we will review what is known about the phenotype and function of Treg cells from studies in human TB and experimental animal models of TB. We will discuss the potential role of Treg cells in the progression of TB disease and the relevance of this knowledge for future efforts to prevent, modulate, and treat TB.
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13
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Sand K, Theorell J, Bruserud Ø, Bryceson YT, Kittang AO. Reduced potency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1135-47. [PMID: 27481108 PMCID: PMC11029614 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal bone marrow disorders, with dysplasia, cytopenias and increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. A dysregulated immune system precipitates MDS, and to gain insights into the relevance of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in this process, we examined the frequency and function of CX3CR1- and CD57-positive T lymphocytes from MDS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood and/or bone marrow samples from 31 MDS patients and 12 healthy controls were examined by flow cytometry. Expression of cytotoxic granule constituents, immunological co-receptors, adhesion molecules and markers of activation were quantified on unstimulated lymphocytes. Degranulation, cytotoxicity and conjugate formation with target cells following co-culture of CTL with target cell lines or autologous bone marrow-derived CD34(+) cells were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS CX3CR1 expression was increased in bone marrow from high-risk MDS patients compared to healthy controls. Expression of CD57 and CX3CR1 was closely correlated, identifying a CTL subset with high cytotoxic capacity. In vitro, TCR-induced redirected cytotoxicity was markedly decreased for high-risk MDS patients compared to controls. CTL from MDS patients with the lowest target cell cytotoxicity had reduced expression of adhesion molecules and formed fewer conjugates with target cells. DISCUSSION Although phenotypically defined CTL numbers were increased in the bone marrow of MDS patients, we found that CTL from high-risk MDS patients exhibited a lower TCR-induced redirected cytotoxic capacity. Thus, decreased T cell cytotoxicity seems related to reduced adhesion to target cells and may contribute to impaired anti-leukemic immune surveillance in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Sand
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakob Theorell
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Olsnes Kittang
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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14
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Zewdie M, Howe R, Hoff ST, Doherty TM, Getachew N, Tarekegne A, Tessema B, Yamuah L, Aseffa A, Abebe M. Ex-vivo characterization of regulatory T cells in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, latently infected persons, and healthy endemic controls. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 100:61-68. [PMID: 27553411 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Treg) are an essential arm of adaptive immunity not only in tolerance and autoimmunity but also in infectious diseases. In Tuberculosis (TB), it has been suggested that the frequency of Tregs is higher in the blood of TB patients when compared to healthy controls with subsequent decline after treatment. However, with the discovery that FOXP3, the hallmark marker of Tregs, is not exclusive to Tregs and the lack of specific markers for Tregs, it has been a challenge to fully understand the role of Tregs in TB. METHOD We isolated PBMC from smear positive TB patients (TB, N = 13) before and after treatment, latent TB infected participants (LTBI, N = 8), and healthy endemic controls (EC, N = 9) and evaluated the frequency of different populations of Tregs and expression of FOXP3 by flowcytometry using six markers. RESULTS The findings in this study showed that the association of Treg frequency with TB disease depends on the phenotypic markers used. While the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+/hi) T cells was higher in TB patients compared to LTBI individuals, there was no difference in the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+)CD127(lo) Treg among TB, LTBI, or EC. However, delineation of Tregs into active and naïve subsets revealed a significant increase in FOXP3 expression in active primed Tregs (CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+)CD127(lo)CD45RO(+)Ki-67(+)) of TB patients compared to LTBI and EC; and a significantly higher frequency of resting primed (CD45RO(+)Ki-67(-)) Treg in QuantiFERON negative EC compared to TB patients. After treatment completion, there was a significant decline in the frequency of active primed Treg, median (IQR) from 12.4% (9.5-21.9) of Tregs to 9.3% (7.0-12.2); P = 0.003 Wilcoxon signed rank test. We conclude that Treg subsets may be differentially regulated and expressed in TB disease, cure, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Zewdie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. Box 1005, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. Box 1005, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Søren T Hoff
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Mark Doherty
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nahom Getachew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. Box 1005, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Azeb Tarekegne
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. Box 1005, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bamlak Tessema
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. Box 1005, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lawrence Yamuah
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. Box 1005, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. Box 1005, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. Box 1005, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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15
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Xu L, Cui G, Jia H, Zhu Y, Ding Y, Chen J, Lu C, Ye P, Gao H, Li L, Ma W, Lyu J, Diao H. Decreased IL-17 during treatment of sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis due to increased regulatory T cells and IL-10. J Transl Med 2016; 14:179. [PMID: 27311307 PMCID: PMC4911683 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that IL-17 plays an important role in initial immune response and is involved in both immune-mediated protection and pathology following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, the alterations and regulation of plasma IL-17 level during TB treatment remain unclear. Moreover, the cell type responsible for the production of IL-17 in TB patients requires further study. METHODS A total of 20 acid-fast bacilli smear-positive (AFB-positive) pulmonary TB patients and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included in our study. Blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes at the time of diagnosis (AFB-positive group) and 3 weeks after the initiation of therapy, when the sputum smear conversion (AFB-negative group) occurred, followed by symptomatic improvement. IL-17 levels and IL-17-producing cells in PBMCs were detected. Lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood between the AFB-positive and AFB-negative groups were compared by flow-cytometry. A549 cells, a cell line of alveolar epithelial cells, were applied to determine the extent of the pathological damage mediated by IL-17 following MTB infection. Recombinant human IL-10 was used to investigate the regulation of IL-17 expression after sputum smear conversion in AFB-positive pulmonary TB patients. RESULTS Plasma IL-17 level were elevated in patients with sputum AFB-positive pulmonary TB, but substantially decreased after TB treatment and smear conversion. Our data indicate that NKT-like cells might be the main source of IL-17, in addition to conventional T cells in AFB-positive pulmonary TB patients. The secretion of IL-17 may be suppressed by regulatory T (Treg) cells and IL-10 during TB treatment. Moreover, the IL-17 levels were positively correlated to both the C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Therefore, IL-17 was capable of alveolar epithelial cell damage following MTB infection. CONCLUSION The increase in the frequency of Treg cells and IL-10 levels was associated with a decrease in IL-17 in patients receiving TB treatment. Thus, IL-10 and Tregs may function to inhibit immune-mediated pathology in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The 3rd People's Hospital Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongyan Diao
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Abstract
T regulatory cells (Treg) constitute a specialized subset of T cells that play a pivotal role in preventing the occurrence of autoimmune diseases by suppressing deleterious activities of immune cells. Contrarily, they can have adverse effect on immune response against infectious diseases where Treg weaken the host immunity leading to enhanced microbial load and thereby increase in severity of the disease. Here, we have attempted to review plethora of information documenting prevalence of Treg in tuberculosis (TB) and their involvement in progression and immunopathogenesis of the disease. Further, we have laid emphasis on the possible use of Treg as a biomarker for determining the TB treatment efficacy. Also, we have discussed the probable contribution of Treg in dampening the efficacy of BCG, the anti-TB vaccine. Finally, we have speculated some of the possible strategies which might be explored by exploiting Treg for enhancing the efficacy of TB management.
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Roussey JA, Oliveira LJ, Langohr IM, Sledge DG, Coussens PM. Regulatory T cells and immune profiling in johne's disease lesions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 181:39-50. [PMID: 27013348 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease, caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic wasting disease of ruminants. Hallmark symptoms of clinical Johne's disease include diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and premature death; symptoms due largely to chronic inflammation in the small intestine. MAP colonizes resident macrophages within the ileum of the small intestine, subsequently establishing a persistent infection in the host. It has been proposed that regulatory T cells may play a role in the progression of Johne's disease, either through promotion of tolerance to MAP or via a loss in homeostasis that subsequently allows widespread inflammation. In this report, we evaluated the presence of Tregs, as well as other immune parameters, in the ileum and draining lymph nodes of MAP associated lesions. A lesion classification scheme was developed to categorize severity of MAP-induced lesions within infected tissues and subsequently regulatory T cell presence and overall immune activity were assessed corresponding to lesions of varying severity, in comparison to tissues from healthy control animals. Our results revealed a relationship between animal health and overall lesion severity within the infected tissues, as well as a relationship between bacterial burden and severity of pathology. Regulatory T cell abundance was shown to decrease with increasing lesion severity. Within the ileum, the expression of many Th1, Th2, and Treg-associated genes increased in mild lesions and decreased in severe lesions, whereas in the lymph nodes the expression of these genes tended to increase with increasing lesion severity. Based on our results, we conclude that a local loss of T cell (including Treg) activity occurs within severe ileal lesions associated with MAP, resulting in a loss of homeostasis that ultimately leads to the progression of clinical Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Roussey
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, 784 Wilson Rd, G-100 VMC, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Lilian J Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Dodd G Sledge
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Paul M Coussens
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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18
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Zeng J, Song Z, Cai X, Huang S, Wang W, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Kong B, Xiang W, Lin D, Liu G, Zhang J, Chen CY, Shen H, Huang D, Shen L, Yi L, Xu J, Chen ZW. Tuberculous pleurisy drives marked effector responses of γδ, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subpopulations in humans. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:851-7. [PMID: 26156008 PMCID: PMC4600062 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0814-398rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculous pleurisy (TP) presumably involves a hypersensitivity reaction, there is limited evidence indicating overreactive effector responses of γδ T cells and αβ T cells and their interrelation with Foxp3(+) Tregs in pleural and other compartments. We found that TP induced reciprocal representations of Foxp3(+) Tregs and Mtb phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in different anatomic compartments. Patients with TP exhibited appreciable numbers of "proliferating" Ki-67(+) Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in the airway where Foxp3(+) Tregs were not dominant, whereas striking increases in Foxp3(+) Tregs in the blood and pleural compartments coincided with low frequencies of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Interestingly, anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy control of Mtb infection in patients with TP reversed reciprocal representations of Foxp3(+) Tregs and proliferating Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Surprisingly, despite high-level Foxp3(+) Tregs, TP appeared to drive overreactive responses of IFN-γ-producing Vγ2Vδ2, CD4(+)CD25(+), and CD8(+)CD25(+) T effector subpopulations, whereas IL-22-producing Vγ2Vδ2 T cells increased subtly. Th1 effector responses were sustained despite remarkable declines in Foxp3(+) Tregs at 1 mo after the treatment. Overreactive T effector responses of Mtb-reactive γδ T cells, αβ CD25(+)CD4(+), and CD25(+)CD8(+) T cell subpopulations appear to be immune features for TP. Increased Foxp3(+) Tregs might be responsive to overreactive TP but unable to influence T effector responses despite having an inverse relation with proliferating Vγ2Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zeng
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zeqing Song
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Cai
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Su Huang
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wandang Wang
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanfen Zhu
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yinan Huang
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bin Kong
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wenyu Xiang
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dongzi Lin
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ganbin Liu
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Junai Zhang
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Crystal Y Chen
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hongbo Shen
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ling Shen
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lailong Yi
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Junfa Xu
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zheng W Chen
- *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Respiration, Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Dongguan, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Boer MC, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM. Regulatory T-Cells at the Interface between Human Host and Pathogens in Infectious Diseases and Vaccination. Front Immunol 2015; 6:217. [PMID: 26029205 PMCID: PMC4426762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) act at the interface of host and pathogen interactions in human infectious diseases. Tregs are induced by a wide range of pathogens, but distinct effects of Tregs have been demonstrated for different pathogens and in different stages of infection. Moreover, Tregs that are induced by a specific pathogen may non-specifically suppress immunity against other microbes and parasites. Thus, Treg effects need to be assessed not only in homologous but also in heterologous infections and vaccinations. Though Tregs protect the human host against excessive inflammation, they probably also increase the risk of pathogen persistence and chronic disease, and the possibility of disease reactivation later in life. Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causing leprosy and tuberculosis, respectively, are among the most ancient microbes known to mankind, and are master manipulators of the immune system toward tolerance and pathogen persistence. The majority of mycobacterial infections occur in settings co-endemic for viral, parasitic, and (other) bacterial coinfections. In this paper, we discuss recent insights in the activation and activity of Tregs in human infectious diseases, with emphasis on early, late, and non-specific effects in disease, coinfections, and vaccination. We highlight mycobacterial infections as important models of modulation of host responses and vaccine-induced immunity by Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi C Boer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
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Dong X, Yang J. High IL-35 pleural expression in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1261-8. [PMID: 25935866 PMCID: PMC4431365 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-35 is a novel anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine primarily produced by Treg cells, and is involved in inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. However, its roles in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the potential involvement of IL-35 in TPE. Material/Methods Thirty TPE patients and 20 lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) were recruited. Samples of pleural effusion (100 mL) were collected after traditional pleurocentesis. Blood was sampled from TPE patients. Mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. Proportions of Th1, Th17, and IL-35-producing cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-35 was assessed by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. An ELISPOT assay was used to assess the effect of IL-35 on pleural effusion mononuclear cells (PEMCs). Results Proportions of IL-35-producing cells were higher in TPE compared with MPE (49.4±6.0 vs. 15.8±5.4%, P<0.001) and blood from TPE patients (49.4±6.0% vs. 16.6±3.1, P<0.001). IL-35, IL-17 and IFN-γ were elevated in TPE compared with MPE (all P<0.01). ELISPOT assay showed that IL-35 reduced the proportion of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells in TPE. IL-35 mRNA expression was higher in TPE compared with MPE (P<0.001). Immunofluorescence showed that IL-35-positive cells were present in pleural tissues from TPE patients. Conclusions Results suggest that there is an imbalance in IL-35 metabolism in TPE. However, further studies are required to assess the exact relationship with the immune system response to tuberculosis. IL-35 might play a role in TPE and might be targeted as a treatment for TPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University No. 169, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University No. 169, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Lagranderie M, Guyonvarc'h PM. The interplay between bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Treg cells and its role to prevent or cure inflammatory diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 10:741-5. [PMID: 24837545 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.909286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination exerts anti-inflammatory effects in diseases such as asthma, multiple sclerosis or Type 1 diabetes. Although the exact mechanisms for this activity remain debated, the capacity of mycobacteria to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo has been widely reported. However, adverse events associated with live BCG prevent its repeated use, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This article reviews the preclinical data showing a potent, systemic and long-term anti-inflammatory effect in animal models of allergic asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis with a preparation of BCG inactivated by Extended Freeze-Drying (EFD BCG). It also presents the characteristics of EFD BCG-induced Tregs which play a crucial role in the immunomodulation of various inflammatory diseases. Finally, it compares EFD BCG with other approaches based on the therapeutic use of Tregs in humans.
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Phillips BL, Mehra S, Ahsan MH, Selman M, Khader SA, Kaushal D. LAG3 expression in active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:820-33. [PMID: 25549835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a highly successful pathogen because of its ability to persist in human lungs for long periods of time. MTB modulates several aspects of the host immune response. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) is a protein with a high affinity for the CD4 receptor and is expressed mainly by regulatory T cells with immunomodulatory functions. To understand the function of LAG3 during MTB infection, a nonhuman primate model of tuberculosis, which recapitulates key aspects of natural human infection in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), was used. We show that the expression of LAG3 is highly induced in the lungs and particularly in the granulomatous lesions of macaques experimentally infected with MTB. Furthermore, we show that LAG3 expression is not induced in the lungs and lung granulomas of animals exhibiting latent tuberculosis infection. However, simian immunodeficiency virus-induced reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection results in an increased expression of LAG3 in the lungs. This response is not observed in nonhuman primates infected with non-MTB bacterial pathogens, nor with simian immunodeficiency virus alone. Our data show that LAG3 was expressed primarily on CD4(+) T cells, presumably by regulatory T cells but also by natural killer cells. The expression of LAG3 coincides with high bacterial burdens and changes in the host type 1 helper T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Phillips
- Division of Bacteriology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Student Program, New Orleans, Louisiana; National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Muhammad H Ahsan
- Division of Bacteriology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Training in Lung Molecular and Cell Pathobiology Program, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Moises Selman
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Washington University of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Division of Bacteriology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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Roussey JA, Steibel JP, Coussens PM. Regulatory T Cell Activity and Signs of T Cell Unresponsiveness in Bovine Paratuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2014; 1:20. [PMID: 26664919 PMCID: PMC4668878 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease, caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a wasting disease of ruminants displaying a long subclinical stage of infection followed by clinical disease characterized by severe diarrhea, wasting, and premature death. Immunologically, subclinical disease is characterized by a Th1 response effective at controlling intracellular infections such as that caused by MAP. In late subclinical disease, the Th1 response subsides and a non-protective Th2 response becomes prominent. One hypothesis for this shift in immune paradigm is that a population of MAP-reactive regulatory T cells (Tregs) develops during subclinical infection, limiting Th1-type responses to MAP antigens. To investigate this, we sought to accomplish the following: (1) determine if CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells exposed to MAP-infected macrophages develop a Treg phenotype, (2) develop a method to expand the relative abundance of Tregs in bovine peripheral blood lymphocyte populations, and (3) identify functional activities of expanded Tregs when combined with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and live MAP. We found that CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells exposed to MAP-infected macrophages from cows with Johne's disease do not show signs of a Treg phenotype and appear unresponsive to MAP antigens. A method for Treg expansion was successfully developed; however, based on results obtained in the subsequent functional studies it appears that these Tregs are not MAP-specific. Overall, it seems that T cell unresponsiveness, rather than Treg activity, is driving the Th1-to-Th2 immune shift observed during Johne's disease. Further, we have successfully developed a method to enrich non-specific bovine Tregs that exert suppressive effects against Th1 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Roussey
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | - Juan P Steibel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | - Paul M Coussens
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
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Cytotoxic response of human regulatory T cells upon T-cell receptor-mediated activation: a matter of purity. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e199. [PMID: 24727995 PMCID: PMC4003414 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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