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Zhang H, Zhang X, Li H, Wang B, Chen P, Meng J. The roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in retinal diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:309-315. [PMID: 37488883 PMCID: PMC10503606 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a multifunctional cytokine, is secreted by various cells and participates in inflammatory reactions, including innate and adaptive immunity. There are some evidences that MIF is involved in many vitreoretinal diseases. For example, MIF can exacerbate many types of uveitis; measurements of MIF levels can be used to monitor the effectiveness of uveitis treatment. MIF also alleviates trauma-induced and glaucoma-induced optic nerve damage. Furthermore, MIF is critical for retinal/choroidal neovascularization, especially complex neovascularization. MIF exacerbates retinal degeneration; thus, anti-MIF therapy may help to mitigate retinal degeneration. MIF protects uveal melanoma from attacks by natural killer cells. The mechanism underlying the effects of MIF in these diseases has been demonstrated: it binds to cluster of differentiation 74, inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, and triggers mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway. MIF also upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 and activates the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway. This review focuses on the structure and function of MIF and its receptors, including the effects of MIF on uveal inflammation, retinal degeneration, optic neuropathy, retinal/choroidal neovascularization, and uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xianjiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongsong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiamin Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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2
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Nashine S, Kenney MC. Effects of Humanin G (HNG) on angiogenesis and neurodegeneration markers in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Mitochondrion 2024; 74:101818. [PMID: 38029849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced stages of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) are characterized by retinal neurodegeneration and aberrant angiogenesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of AMD. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Humanin G (HNG), a cytoprotective mitochondrial-derived peptide, positively regulates cell proliferation, cell death, and the protein levels of angiogenesis and neurodegeneration markers, in normal (control) and AMD RPE transmitochondrial cybrid cell lines. These normal and AMD RPE transmitochondrial cybrid cell lines had identical nuclei derived from mitochondria-deficient ARPE-19 cell line, but differed in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content that was derived from clinically characterized AMD patients and normal (control) subjects. Cell lysates were extracted from untreated and HNG-treated AMD and normal (control) cybrid cell lines, and the Luminex XMAP multiplex assay was used to examine the protein levels of angiogenesis and neurodegeneration markers. Humanin G reduced Caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis, improved cell proliferation, and normalized the protein levels of angiogenesis and neurodegeneration markers in AMD RPE cybrid cell lines, thereby suggesting Humanin G's positive regulatory role in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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3
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Vázquez A, González MI, Reyes JL. Targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): a promising therapy for inflammatory ocular diseases. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2023; 13:37. [PMID: 37626184 PMCID: PMC10457254 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory ocular diseases are characterized by the presence of a persistent inflammatory response which cause tissue injury, decrease visual acuity and in severe cases, blindness. Several cytokines represent a therapeutic opportunity since they are key amplifiers of these pathologies, and thus neutralizing agents against them have been developed. Amongst others, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an early produced inflammatory cytokine, has consistently been found elevated in patients with distinct ocular diseases (inflammatory and autoimmune). Here, we present and discuss evidence showing that preclinical trials using diverse strategies to neutralize MIF resulted in significant attenuation of disease signs and therefore MIF blockage might be a promising therapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Ocular, Carrera de Optometría, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, 54090, México.
| | - Marisol I González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, 54090, México
| | - José L Reyes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, 54090, México.
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4
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Su G, Du L, Yu H, Li M, Huang R, Yang X, Wang D, Wang Q, Yang P. Epigenome-wide association study identifies Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease-associated DNA methylation loci in Chinese. Exp Eye Res 2023:109553. [PMID: 37394087 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the important epigenetic mechanisms for modulating gene expression. By performing a genome-wide methylation association analysis of whole peripheral blood from 60 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) patients and 60 healthy controls, we depicted the global DNA methylation status of VKH disease. Further pyrosequencing validation in 160 patients and 159 controls identified 3 aberrant CpG sites in HLA gene regions including cg04026937 and cg18052547 (located in HLA-DRB1 region), and cg13778567 (HLA-DQA1). We also identified 9 aberrant CpG sites in non-HLA gene regions including cg13979407, cg21075643, cg24290586, cg10135747 and cg22707857 (BTNL2), cg22155039 (NOTCH4), cg02605387 (TNXB), cg06255004 (AGPAT2) and cg18855195 (RIBC2). Increased mRNA levels of BTNL2, NOTCH4 and TNXB were identified in VKH patients when compared with healthy controls, consistent with the hypomethylated CpG status in these gene regions. Moreover, seven aberrantly methylated CpG sites may serve as a diagnostic marker for VKH disease (AUC = 84.95%, 95%CI: 79.49%-90.41%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongsong Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Sinotech Genomics Ltd, Shanghai, 210000, China
| | | | | | - Detao Wang
- Shanghai Biotechnology Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Shanghai Biotechnology Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China.
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Prednisone acetate modulates Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell homeostasis in experimental autoimmune uveitis via orchestrating the Notch signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109809. [PMID: 36753985 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis is an immune eye disease that can seriously impair vision. Glucocorticoids (GCS) have been extensively used to treat uveitis, though the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of prednisone acetate (PA) on the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) through modulating the Notch signaling pathway. Briefly, Lewis rats were randomly divided into the normal control (NC), EAU, and EAU + PA groups. Rats in EAU and EAU + PA groups were induced EAU, while those in the EAU + PA group were treated with PA. Clinical and histopathological scores were employed to assess the progression of EAU. The expression levels of Notch signaling-related molecules (Notch1, Notch2, Dll3, Dll4, and Rbpj) and Th-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17) were assessed via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the frequencies of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry. These experimental results indicated that activation of the Notch signaling pathway occurred in EAU rats and resulted in a severe imbalance of the Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 ratios. PA treatment significantly alleviated ocular inflammation, inhibited activation of the Notch signaling pathway, and declined Th1, and Th17 cell differentiation, thereby restoring the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance. Collectively, PA can positively enhance the systemic immune response and improve the intraocular microenvironmental homeostasis by inhibiting activation of the Notch signaling pathway and by restoring Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance, thus achieving the goal of treating uveitis.
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Bittar M, Mease P. Novel therapies in axial spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2022; 36:101811. [PMID: 36566165 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2022.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis have led to discoveries of new therapeutic targets, particularly the interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor axis, and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. While many of the available agents have proven to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis, a remarkable percentage of patients either fail or cannot tolerate these medications. This has prompted researchers to look for new targets that would maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. In this article, we review novel agents that were recently approved, in trials, and possible future targets or mechanisms. We also discuss their role as it pertains to the prevention of radiographic progression and the management of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bittar
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Division of Connective Tissue Disease (Rheumatology), 956 Court Avenue, Coleman Building, Suite G326, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Philip Mease
- Swedish Medical Center/Providence St. Joseph Health and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Rheumatology Associates, 601 Broadway, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Pisano C, Terriaca S, Scioli MG, Nardi P, Altieri C, Orlandi A, Ruvolo G, Balistreri CR. The Endothelial Transcription Factor ERG Mediates a Differential Role in the Aneurysmatic Ascending Aorta with Bicuspid or Tricuspid Aorta Valve: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10848. [PMID: 36142762 PMCID: PMC9502538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathobiology of ascending aorta aneurysms (AAA) onset and progression is not well understood and only partially characterized. AAA are also complicated in case of bicuspid aorta valve (BAV) anatomy. There is emerging evidence about the crucial role of endothelium-related pathways, which show in AAA an altered expression and function. Here, we examined the involvement of ERG-related pathways in the differential progression of disease in aortic tissues from patients having a BAV or tricuspid aorta valve (TAV) with or without AAA. Our findings identified ERG as a novel endothelial-specific regulator of TGF-β-SMAD, Notch, and NO pathways, by modulating a differential fibrotic or calcified AAA progression in BAV and TAV aortas. We provided evidence that calcification is correlated to different ERG expression (as gene and protein), which appears to be under control of Notch signaling. The latter, when increased, associated with an early calcification in aortas with BAV valve and aneurysmatic, was demonstrated to favor the progression versus severe complications, i.e., dissection or rupture. In TAV aneurysmatic aortas, ERG appeared to modulate fibrosis. Therefore, we proposed that ERG may represent a sensitive tissue biomarker to monitor AAA progression and a target to develop therapeutic strategies and influence surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Pisano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Terriaca
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Nardi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Altieri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Our Lady of Good Counsel, 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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8
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Wu B, Nakamura A. Deep Insight into the Role of MIF in Spondyloarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:269-278. [PMID: 35809213 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pathological roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have recently been demonstrated in spondyloarthritis (SpA) preclinical models, identifying MIF as a new treatment target for SpA. However, the specific contribution of MIF and therapeutic potential of MIF-targeted therapies to various tissue types affected by SpA are not well delineated. RECENT FINDINGS MIF and its cognate receptor CD74 are extensively involved in the pathogenesis of SpA including inflammation in the spine, joint, eyes, skin, and gut. The majority of the current evidence has consistently shown that MIF drives the inflammation in these distinct anatomical sites. In preclinical models, genetic deletion or blockade of MIF reduces the severity of inflammation. Although MIF is generally an upstream cytokine which regulates downstream effector cytokines, MIF also intensifies type 3 immunity by promoting helper T 17 (Th17) plasticity. MIF- or CD74-targeted therapies have also reported to be well tolerated in clinical trials for other diseases. Recent findings suggest that MIF-CD74 axis is a new therapeutic target for SpA to improve various clinical features. Clinical trials for MIF- or CD74-targeted therapies for SpA patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wu
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada. .,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Christopoulos PF, Gjølberg TT, Krüger S, Haraldsen G, Andersen JT, Sundlisæter E. Targeting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668207. [PMID: 33912195 PMCID: PMC8071949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates developmental cell-fate decisions and has recently also been linked to inflammatory diseases. Although therapies targeting Notch signaling in inflammation in theory are attractive, their design and implementation have proven difficult, at least partly due to the broad involvement of Notch signaling in regenerative and homeostatic processes. In this review, we summarize the supporting role of Notch signaling in various inflammation-driven diseases, and highlight efforts to intervene with this pathway by targeting Notch ligands and/or receptors with distinct therapeutic strategies, including antibody designs. We discuss this in light of lessons learned from Notch targeting in cancer treatment. Finally, we elaborate on the impact of individual Notch members in inflammation, which may lay the foundation for development of therapeutic strategies in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torleif T. Gjølberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Eye Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Krüger
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Sundlisæter
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Yin X, Qiu Y, Li Z, Guo L, Wei H, Liu B, Zhou M, Li T, Wang L, Jiang W, Bi H, Guo D. Longdan Xiegan Decoction alleviates experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats by inhibiting Notch signaling pathway activation and Th17 cell differentiation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111291. [PMID: 33493870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dynamic effects of the traditional Chinese medicine compound Longdan Xiegan Decoction (LXD) on the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway activation and T helper (Th) cell differentiation in rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Based on a network pharmacology strategy, we conducted protein interaction network analysis to construct an active ingredient-disease treatment network. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were further used to screen out the possible signaling pathways regulated by LXD in the treatment of uveitis. In the subsequent functional studies, we established an EAU rat model and investigated the regulatory role of LXD in the Notch signaling pathway and Th cell differentiation in rats with EAU. Female Lewis rats were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, an EAU group, and an LXD group. After the induction of EAU, the ocular inflammation and pathological changes in the rats in each group were observed; for documentation, a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) was used to observe fundus inflammation on day 12 after immunization. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression of Notch1, DLL4, IL-10 and IL-17A in the spleen, lymph nodes and ocular tissues of each group at 0, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after immunization. In addition, the dynamic frequencies of the CD4+, CD8+, Th17 and Treg cell subsets in the spleen, lymph nodes and ocular tissues were measured by flow cytometry. We found that the Notch signaling pathway was activated and the Th17 frequency was elevated in rats with EAU, leading to disrupted CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg balance. The expression of Notch1, DLL4 and IL-17 mRNA and proteins in the EAU and LXD groups reached a peak on day 12, and then gradually decreased (all P < 0.05), and the ratios of the CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg also peaked on day 12. However, after treatment with LXD, the expression of Notch1, DLL4 and IL-17 mRNA and proteins was significantly decreased (all P < 0.05), and the CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg ratios significantly gradually returns to balance. LXD can efficiently inhibit Th17 cell differentiation, decrease inflammatory cytokine expression, and restore the CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg balance by inhibiting the activation of the Notch signaling pathway in rats with EAU, thus effectively alleviating eye inflammation, protecting eye tissue structures, and positively regulating the immune state of the whole body and the intraocular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Lijie Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huixia Wei
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Linyi People's Hospital, No. 27#, Jiefang Road, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Mengxian Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Tuling Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Lihan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
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11
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Stubbs MJ, Coppo P, Cheshire C, Veyradier A, Dufek S, Levine AP, Thomas M, Patel V, Connolly JO, Hubank M, Benhamou Y, Galicier L, Poullin P, Kleta R, Gale DP, Stanescu H, Scully MA. Identification of a novel genetic locus associated with immune mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Haematologica 2021; 107:574-582. [PMID: 33596643 PMCID: PMC8883548 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.274639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is an ultra-rare, life-threatening disorder, mediated through severe ADAMTS13 deficiency causing multi-system micro-thrombi formation, and has specific human leukocyte antigen associations. We undertook a large genome-wide association study to investigate additional genetically distinct associations in iTTP. We compared two iTTP patient cohorts with controls, following standardized genome-wide quality control procedures for single-nucleotide polymorphisms and imputed HLA types. Associations were functionally investigated using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and motif binding prediction software. Independent associations consistent with previous findings in iTTP were detected at the HLA locus and in addition a novel association was detected on chromosome 3 (rs9884090, P=5.22x10-10, odds ratio 0.40) in the UK discovery cohort. Meta-analysis, including the French replication cohort, strengthened the associations. The haploblock containing rs9884090 is associated with reduced protein O-glycosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) expression (eQTL P<0.05), and functional annotation suggested a potential causative variant (rs71767581). This work implicates POGLUT1 in iTTP pathophysiology and suggests altered post-translational modification of its targets may influence disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Stubbs
- Haemostasis Research Unit, UCL (London, UK); Department of Renal Medicine.
| | - Paul Coppo
- Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, Hôpital Saint-Antoine (Paris, France)
| | | | - Agnès Veyradier
- Department d'Hematologie, Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, Hôpital Lariboisière (Paris, France)
| | | | | | - Mari Thomas
- Haemostasis Research Unit, UCL (London, UK); National Institute for Health Research Cardiometabolic Programme, UCLH/UCL Cardiovascular BRC (London, UK)
| | | | | | | | - Ygal Benhamou
- Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, Hôpital Saint-Antoine (Paris, France)
| | - Lionel Galicier
- Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, Hôpital Saint-Antoine (Paris, France)
| | - Pascale Poullin
- Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, Hôpital Saint-Antoine (Paris, France)
| | | | | | | | - Marie A Scully
- Haemostasis Research Unit, UCL (London, UK); National Institute for Health Research Cardiometabolic Programme, UCLH/UCL Cardiovascular BRC (London, UK)
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12
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Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Protects against Inflammation through a Toll-like Receptor-Related Pathway after Diffuse Axonal Injury in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5946205. [PMID: 32964038 PMCID: PMC7492939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5946205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective We have previously demonstrated that inflammation induced by toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2/4 exert cerebral deleterious effects after diffuse axonal injury (DAI); however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of MIF in inflammation induced by TLRs in the cortices of DAI rats. Methods The rat DAI model was established by head rotational acceleration and confirmed by β-APP, HE, and silver staining. MIF protein expression at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, and 3 d after DAI was measured by western blot. The localization of MIF was measured by immunofluorescence. MIF antagonist ISO-1 was intracerebroventricularly injected to inhibit MIF. Neuronal and axonal injury and glial responses were assessed by TUNEL, immunohistochemistry, and TEM. Expression of TLR2, TLR4, ERK, phospho-ERK, NF-κB, and phospho-NF-κB was examined by western blot. The level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was measured by ELISA. Results MIF expression was significantly increased, peaking at 1 day after DAI, and MIF was mainly localized in microglial cells and neurons. ISO-1 suppressed neuronal apoptosis, axonal injury, and glial responses and decreased the expression of downstream signaling molecules related to TLR2/4, including ERK, phospho-ERK, NF-κB, phospho-NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conclusion MIF was involved in the neuronal and axonal damage through a TLR-related pathway following DAI.
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Alban TJ, Bayik D, Otvos B, Rabljenovic A, Leng L, Jia-Shiun L, Roversi G, Lauko A, Momin AA, Mohammadi AM, Peereboom DM, Ahluwalia MS, Matsuda K, Yun K, Bucala R, Vogelbaum MA, Lathia JD. Glioblastoma Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subsets Express Differential Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Receptor Profiles That Can Be Targeted to Reduce Immune Suppression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1191. [PMID: 32625208 PMCID: PMC7315581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of tumor immunotherapy to glioblastoma (GBM) is limited by an unprecedented degree of immune suppression due to factors that include high numbers of immune suppressive myeloid cells, the blood brain barrier, and T cell sequestration to the bone marrow. We previously identified an increase in immune suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in GBM patients, which correlated with poor prognosis and was dependent on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Here we examine the MIF signaling axis in detail in murine MDSC models, GBM-educated MDSCs and human GBM. We found that the monocytic subset of MDSCs (M-MDSCs) expressed high levels of the MIF cognate receptor CD74 and was localized in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) expressed high levels of the MIF non-cognate receptor CXCR2 and showed minimal accumulation in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, targeting M-MDSCs with Ibudilast, a brain penetrant MIF-CD74 interaction inhibitor, reduced MDSC function and enhanced CD8 T cell activity in the tumor microenvironment. These findings demonstrate the MDSC subsets differentially express MIF receptors and may be leveraged for specific MDSC targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Alban
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Defne Bayik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Balint Otvos
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anja Rabljenovic
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lin Leng
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Epidemiology & Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Leu Jia-Shiun
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gustavo Roversi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adam Lauko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Arbaz A. Momin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alireza M. Mohammadi
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David M. Peereboom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Kyuson Yun
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard Bucala
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Epidemiology & Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Justin D. Lathia
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Activation of the Notch signaling pathway disturbs the CD4 +/CD8 +, Th17/Treg balance in rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:761-774. [PMID: 31209505 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the disturbed balance of CD4+/CD8+, Th17/Treg and the activation of the Notch signaling pathway in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). METHODS An EAU rat model was induced in Lewis rats, and pathology analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. CD4+, CD8+, Th17, and Treg levels in spleen, lymph nodes and eye tissues were determined by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the expression of Notch1, DLL4, IL-10, and IL-17 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the inhibitory effect of N-(N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl))-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) on Th17 differentiation by Notch signaling in vitro was further investigated using T lymphocytes from EAU rats on day 12 post-immunization by flow cytometry. RESULTS The pathological results showed that inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in ocular tissues in EAU rats. The CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg ratios in EAU rats were apparently higher than those in normal control individuals. Q-PCR and ELISA analyses indicated the expression of Notch1, DLL4, IL-10, and IL-17 in EAU rats gradually increased on day 6 after immunization, peaked on day 12, and then gradually decreased. The dynamic trends in Notch1 and DLL4 expression in EAU rats were identical to those of CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg levels. DAPT can significantly inhibit the activation of Notch signaling, decrease Th17 cell differentiation, and attenuate the level of the Th17 cell lineage, contributing to the balance of the Th17/Treg ratio. CONCLUSION The activation of the Notch signaling pathway can regulate Th17 and Treg cell differentiation, disrupt the CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg balance, and aggravate the severity of EAU; inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway contributes to the CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg balance in EAU rats. Our findings highlighted that the dynamic change in the CD4+/CD8+ and Th17/Treg ratio was consistent with the expression trend of Notch signaling in EAU rats, suggesting that Notch signaling may be a potentially important therapeutic target in clinical practice.
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Kaur C, Rathnasamy G, Ling EA. Biology of Microglia in the Developing Brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:736-753. [PMID: 28859332 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia exist in different morphological forms in the developing brain. They show a small cell body with scanty cytoplasm with many branching processes in the grey matter of the developing brain. However, in the white matter such as the corpus callosum where the unmyelinated axons are loosely organized, they appear in an amoeboid form having a round cell body endowed with copious cytoplasm rich in organelles. The amoeboid cells eventually transform into ramified microglia in the second postnatal week when the tissue becomes more compact with the onset of myelination. Microglia serve as immunocompetent macrophages that act as neuropathology sensors to detect and respond swiftly to subtle changes in the brain tissues in pathological conditions. Microglial functions are broadly considered as protective in the normal brain development as they phagocytose dead cells and sculpt neuronal connections by pruning excess axons and synapses. They also secrete a number of trophic factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β among many others that are involved in neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival. On the other hand, microglial cells when activated produce a plethora of molecules such as proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide that are implicated in the pathogenesis of many pathological conditions such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy, autism, and perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Although many studies have investigated the origin and functions of the microglia in the developing brain, in-depth in vivo studies along with analysis of their transcriptome and epigenetic changes need to be undertaken to elucidate their full potential be it protective or neurotoxic. This would lead to a better understanding of their roles in the healthy and diseased developing brain and advancement of therapeutic strategies to target microglia-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gurugirijha Rathnasamy
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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