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Mukherjee K, Rahman A, Chakraborty J, Pakrashi S. Isolation and characterization of mercury and multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii strains from tannery effluents in Kolkata, India. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:362. [PMID: 39066800 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most potent toxic heavy metals that distresses livestock, humans, and ecological health. Owing to uncontrolled exposure to untreated tannery industrial effluents, metals such as Hg are increasing in nature and are, therefore, becoming a global concern. As a result, understanding the thriving microflora in that severe condition and their characteristics becomes immensely important. During the course of this study, two Hg-resistant bacteria were isolated from tannery wastewater effluents from leather factories in Kolkata, India, which were able to tolerate 2.211 × 10- 3 M (600 µg/ml) Hg. 16 S rDNA analysis revealed strong sequence homology with Citrobacter freundii, were named as BNC22A and BNC22C for this study. In addition they showed high tolerance to nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) at 6.31 × 10- 3 M (1500 µg/ml) and 6.792 × 10- 3 M (2000 µg/ml) respectively. However, both the isolates were sensitive to arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, their antibiotic sensitivity profiles reveal a concerning trend towards resistance to multiple drugs. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare systems and agriculture has been identified as two of the main reasons for the decline in efficacy of antibiotics. Though their ability to produce lipase makes them industrially potent organisms, their competence to resist several antibiotics and metals that are toxic makes this study immensely relevant. In addition, their ability to negate heavy metal toxicity makes them potential candidates for bioremediation. Finally, the green mung bean seed germination test showed a significant favourable effect of BNC22A and BNC22C against Hg-stimulated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Abdul Rahman
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, India
| | - Sourav Pakrashi
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India.
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Xu KZ, Xiang SL, Wang YJ, Wang B, Jia AQ. Methyl gallate isolated from partridge tea (Mallotus oblongifolius (Miq.) Müll.Arg.) inhibits the biofilms and virulence factors of Burkholderia thailandensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117422. [PMID: 37977424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMCOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The formation of biofilms is a factor leading to chronic infection and drug resistance in melioidosis. The production of biofilm formation and many virulence factors are regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Therefore, the discovery of QS inhibitors to reduce antibiotic abuse has attracted a lot of attention. In this case, the methanol extract of a unique ethnic medicinal plant partridge tea (Mallotus oblongifolius (Miq.) Müll.Arg.) and its isolated active compound were used as biofilms and QS inhibitors against Burkholderia thailandensis. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-QS effect of the ethnic medicinal plant partridge tea and its active compounds against B. thailandensis. METHODS Active compound was isolated using classical phytochemical separation techniques under activity tracking. The biofilm and virulence factors (Proteases, lipases, rhamnolipids, and motility) of B. thailandensis were used to evaluate the activity of crude extracts and isolated compounds. RESULTS In this study, the extract of partridge tea and MG had good QS inhibitors activity against B. thailandensis E264. MG was investigated to inhibit QS-related virulence factors and the biofilm formation against B. thailandensis E264. The lipase activity of B. thailandensis E264 decreased by 49.41% at 150 μg/mL. At 75 μg/mL and 150 μg/mL, the erasion of mature biofilms reached 28.18% and 70.87%, respectively. Correspondingly, 150 μg/mL MG could significantly decrease btaR1 and btaR3 by 55.78% and 56.24%, respectively. Contradictorily, the rhamnolipid production of B. thailandensis E264 was 1.67 folds that of the control group at 150 μg/mL MG. CONCLUSION Through molecular docking analysis and biological phenotype data, we speculate that MG may inhibit the biofilms and virulence factors of B. thailandensis E264 by interfering two QS systems, BtaI1/R1 and BtaI3/R3. Therefore, MG should be one potential QSI for the treatment of Burkholderia pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Zhong Xu
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shi-Liang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Bow SMA. When Does Catholic Social Teaching Imply a Duty to be Vaccinated for the Common Good? New Bioeth 2023; 29:304-321. [PMID: 37768611 DOI: 10.1080/20502877.2023.2261718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, Carson and Flood outlined a general duty to be vaccinated, arguing from Catholic social teaching on justice, love, solidarity and the common good. This necessarily relied on assumptions about the typical nature of vaccination, assumptions which do not always hold true in concrete situations. I identify twelve criteria that, where they hold, strengthen the particular duty to be vaccinated, and, if not met, weaken or reverse it. These pertain to the biological agent which vaccination aims to protect against, the vaccine and its supply, the costs and benefits of vaccination to the individual and society, and the alternative courses of action. The two-way relationship between the moral duty to be vaccinated and vaccine mandates is discussed. Individuals and policy-makers need to know these criteria - and be provided the necessary information to evaluate vaccination against them - in order to make a truly rational judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M A Bow
- Department of Philosophy, University College London, London, UK
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Malik S, Dhasmana A, Bora J, Uniyal P, Slama P, Preetam S, Chopra H, Islam MA, Dhama K. Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak re-emergence regulation in East Africa: preparedness and vaccination perspective. Int J Surg 2023; 109:1029-1031. [PMID: 36906778 PMCID: PMC10389566 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand
| | - Archna Dhasmana
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant
| | - Jutishna Bora
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand
| | - Priyanka Uniyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Moore BD, Macleod C, Henning L, Krile R, Chou YL, Laws TR, Butcher WA, Moore KM, Walker NJ, Williamson ED, Galloway DR. Predictors of Survival after Vaccination in a Pneumonic Plague Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:145. [PMID: 35214604 PMCID: PMC8876284 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The need for an updated plague vaccine is highlighted by outbreaks in endemic regions together with the pandemic potential of this disease. There is no easily available, approved vaccine. Methods: Here we have used a murine model of pneumonic plague to examine the factors that maximise immunogenicity and contribute to survival following vaccination. We varied vaccine type, as either a genetic fusion of the F1 and V protein antigens or a mixture of these two recombinant antigens, as well as antigen dose-level and formulation in order to correlate immune response to survival. Results: Whilst there was interaction between each of the variables of vaccine type, dose level and formulation and these all contributed to survival, vaccine formulation in protein-coated microcrystals (PCMCs) was the key contributor in inducing antibody titres. From these data, we propose a cut-off in total serum antibody titre to the F1 and V proteins of 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL, respectively. At these thresholds, survival is predicted in this murine pneumonic model to be >90%. Within the total titre of antibody to the V antigen, the neutralising antibody component correlated with dose level and was enhanced when the V antigen in free form was formulated in PCMCs. Antibody titre to F1 was limited by fusion to V, but this was compensated for by PCMC formulation. Conclusions: These data will enable clinical assessment of this and other candidate plague vaccines that utilise the same vaccine antigens by identifying a target antibody titre from murine models, which will guide the evaluation of clinical titres as serological surrogate markers of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry D. Moore
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (B.D.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Clair Macleod
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (B.D.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Lisa Henning
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA; (L.H.); (R.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Robert Krile
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA; (L.H.); (R.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ying-Liang Chou
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA; (L.H.); (R.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Thomas R. Laws
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Wendy A. Butcher
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Kristoffer M. Moore
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Nicola J. Walker
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Ethel Diane Williamson
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Darrell R. Galloway
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
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Hidalgo-Simon A, Botgros R, Cochino E. Authorization of Vaccines in the European Union. MOLECULAR FRONTIERS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2529732521400034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has had a vertiginous accelerating effect on the time from identification of a new virus to a vaccine being deployed. A key step in this journey, the marketing authorization process, is under intense scrutiny and time pressure. The marketing authorization is a necessary gateway that protects public health and provides healthcare professionals and the general public with reliable and relevant evidence reflected in the product information to allow the safe and effective use of these vaccines. Regulators have the expertise and the duty to evaluate vaccines’ benefits and risks and, importantly, monitor safety during clinical use. This evaluation is more important than ever during a pandemic—and must be allowed to be as thorough as ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hidalgo-Simon
- Advanced Therapies Office, Human Medicines Division, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Radu Botgros
- Clinical Studies and Manufacturing Task Force-Biological Health Threats and Vaccines Strategy, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emil Cochino
- Risk Management Specialist, Office of Vaccines and Therapies for Infectious Diseases, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Oosterwijk JG. Anti-tick and pathogen transmission blocking vaccines. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12831. [PMID: 33704804 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a challenge for medical and veterinary public health and often controlled through the use of repellents and acaricides. Research on vaccination strategies to protect humans, companion animals, and livestock from ticks and tick-transmitted pathogens has accelerated through the use of proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Comparative analyses of unfed versus engorged and uninfected versus infected ticks have provided valuable insights into candidates for anti-tick and pathogen transmission blocking vaccines. An intricate interplay between tick saliva and the host's immune system has revealed potential antigens to be used in vaccination strategies. Immunization of hosts with targeted anti-tick vaccines would ideally lead to a reduction in tick numbers and prevent transmission of tick-borne pathogens. Comprehensive control of tick-borne diseases would come from successful anti-tick vaccination, vaccination preventing transmission of tick-borne diseases or a combination. Due to the close interaction with wildlife and ticks, with wildlife reservoirs enabling propagation of pathogens between ticks, the vaccination of these reservoirs is an attractive target to reduce human contact with ticks and tick-borne diseases through a one-health approach. Wildlife vaccination presents formulation and regulatory challenges which should be considered early in the development of reservoir-targeted vaccines.
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Matz KM, Marzi A, Feldmann H. Ebola vaccine trials: progress in vaccine safety and immunogenicity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 18:1229-1242. [PMID: 31779496 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1698952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Ebolaviruses are non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses in the Filoviridae family that cause a neglected infectious disease designated as Ebola virus disease (EVD). The most prominent member is the Ebola virus (EBOV), representing the Zaire ebolavirus species that has been responsible for the largest reported EVD outbreaks including the West African epidemic and the current outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Today, the most advanced EVD vaccine approaches target EBOV and multiple phase 1-4 human trials have been performed over the past few years. The most advanced platforms include vectored vaccines based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-EBOV), distinct human (Ad5 and Ad26) and chimpanzee (ChAd3) adenoviruses and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) as well as DNA-based vaccines administered as a prime-only or homologous or combined prime-boost immunization.Areas covered: Here, we review and discuss human trials with a focus on vaccine safety and immunogenicity.Expert opinion: Despite obvious progress and promising success in EBOV vaccine development, many shortcomings and challenges remain to be tackled in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keesha M Matz
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
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9
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Williamson ED. Vaccines for emerging pathogens: from research to the clinic. Part two. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 198:141-142. [PMID: 31625155 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For this two-part Clinical & Experimental Immunology Review Series, Guest Editor E. Diane Williamson invited experts in their fields to contribute articles on the status of vaccine research and development for emerging pathogens. Part One addressed our progress in developing vaccines for emerging and re-emerging viruses and considered current work on effective vaccines for bacterial pathogens. In this edition of the journal, we are pleased to present Part Two, in which our authors emphasise the importance of vaccine formulation and of the use of effective delivery vehicles, as well as the prospects for licensure for current candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Williamson
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
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Oñate AA, Wan Y, Moreno A. Editorial: Molecular Vaccines Against Pathogens in the Post-genomic Era. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:443. [PMID: 32039041 PMCID: PMC6990123 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Alejandro Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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