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Galloway DR, Li J, Nguyen NX, Falkenberg FW, Henning L, Krile R, Chou YL, Herron JN, Hale JS, Williamson ED. Co-formulation of the rF1V plague vaccine with depot-formulated cytokines enhances immunogenicity and efficacy to elicit protective responses against aerosol challenge in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1277526. [PMID: 38605961 PMCID: PMC11007139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1277526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated a depot-formulated cytokine-based adjuvant to improve the efficacy of the recombinant F1V (rF1V) plague vaccine and examined the protective response following aerosol challenge in a murine model. The results of this study showed that co-formulation of the Alhydrogel-adsorbed rF1V plague fusion vaccine with the depot-formulated cytokines recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhuIL-2) and/or recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) significantly enhances immunogenicity and significant protection at lower antigen doses against a lethal aerosol challenge. These results provide additional support for the co-application of the depot-formulated IL-2 and/or GM-CSF cytokines to enhance vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell R. Galloway
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nguyen X. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Lisa Henning
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert Krile
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ying-Liang Chou
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - James N. Herron
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - J. Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - E. Diane Williamson
- Chemical Biological Radiological Division, Defense Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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Kim H, Rajbhandari A, Krile R, Lang IM, Antonakos CL, Colabianchi N. Body Mass Index Trajectories among the Healthy Communities Study Children: Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Childhood Obesity. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:203-215. [PMID: 36656440 PMCID: PMC9851105 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify statistically distinguishable trajectories of childhood body mass index (BMI), an important indicator of developmental status of children, and to provide a summary description of demographic characteristics of children based on these distinctive trajectories. Using data from the Healthy Communities Study (HCS), a large longitudinal dataset with oversamples of Hispanic and Black children across 130 communities in the USA, a group-based trajectory analysis approach was used to estimate trajectories of children based on their BMI-z scores. The three most distinguishable BMI trajectory groups identified for the HCS children show no marked increase or decrease in standardized BMI over an age range of 2 to 11. Approximately 28.5% of children were in a trajectory group with consistently obese BMI-z scores for their sex and age. The patterns of BMI trajectory groups identified for boys and girls are similar, but BMI-z scores for boys tend to be slightly higher than those for girls. These BMI trajectories are characterized by racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status disparities. Hispanic and Black children were more likely to be in the obese trajectory group than White children. Children with parents having less education, or children from low family income level, were more likely to be in the obese trajectory group than counterpart children. The findings suggest that BMI disparities exist from the early years of childhood and persist across childhood, with higher BMI associated with Black and Hispanic children as well as those from low socioeconomic status backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoshin Kim
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Health Analytics, 1100 Dexter Avenue North, Suite 275, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | | | - Robert Krile
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Health Analytics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Natalie Colabianchi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Moore BD, Macleod C, Henning L, Krile R, Chou YL, Laws TR, Butcher WA, Moore KM, Walker NJ, Williamson ED, Galloway DR. Predictors of Survival after Vaccination in a Pneumonic Plague Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020145. [PMID: 35214604 PMCID: PMC8876284 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The need for an updated plague vaccine is highlighted by outbreaks in endemic regions together with the pandemic potential of this disease. There is no easily available, approved vaccine. Methods: Here we have used a murine model of pneumonic plague to examine the factors that maximise immunogenicity and contribute to survival following vaccination. We varied vaccine type, as either a genetic fusion of the F1 and V protein antigens or a mixture of these two recombinant antigens, as well as antigen dose-level and formulation in order to correlate immune response to survival. Results: Whilst there was interaction between each of the variables of vaccine type, dose level and formulation and these all contributed to survival, vaccine formulation in protein-coated microcrystals (PCMCs) was the key contributor in inducing antibody titres. From these data, we propose a cut-off in total serum antibody titre to the F1 and V proteins of 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL, respectively. At these thresholds, survival is predicted in this murine pneumonic model to be >90%. Within the total titre of antibody to the V antigen, the neutralising antibody component correlated with dose level and was enhanced when the V antigen in free form was formulated in PCMCs. Antibody titre to F1 was limited by fusion to V, but this was compensated for by PCMC formulation. Conclusions: These data will enable clinical assessment of this and other candidate plague vaccines that utilise the same vaccine antigens by identifying a target antibody titre from murine models, which will guide the evaluation of clinical titres as serological surrogate markers of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry D. Moore
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (B.D.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Clair Macleod
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (B.D.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Lisa Henning
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA; (L.H.); (R.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Robert Krile
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA; (L.H.); (R.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ying-Liang Chou
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA; (L.H.); (R.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Thomas R. Laws
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Wendy A. Butcher
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Kristoffer M. Moore
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Nicola J. Walker
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Ethel Diane Williamson
- CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (T.R.L.); (W.A.B.); (K.M.M.); (N.J.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Darrell R. Galloway
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
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Warren R, Lockman H, Barnewall R, Krile R, Blanco OB, Vasconcelos D, Price J, House RV, Bolanowksi MA, Fellows P. Cynomolgus macaque model for pneumonic plague. Microb Pathog 2010; 50:12-22. [PMID: 21040776 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant vaccine (rF1V) is currently being developed for protection against pneumonic plague. An essential component in evaluating efficacy of the rF1V vaccine is the development of a well-understood animal model that shows similarity to human disease. The objective of this study was to determine the inhaled median lethal dose (LD₅₀), evaluate the pathophysiology of disease and identify appropriate study endpoints in a cynomolgus macaque (CM) model of pneumonic plague. Eighteen CMs were challenged by head-only aerosol exposure with seven dosages of Yersinia pestis CO92. An LD₅₀ of 24 colony forming units was estimated using Probit analysis. Disease pathology was evaluated by blood culture, clinical pathology, histopathology and telemetry. CMs that died became febrile following challenge and died 34-92 h after onset of fever. Bacteremia, increased respiration and heart rate, decreased blood pressure and loss of diurnal rhythm were also observed in conjunction with onset of fever. Histopathological examinations revealed significant findings in the lungs (intra-alveolar neutrophils and fibrinous pleuritis) consistent with pneumonic plague. These data indicate that the disease pathology observed in CMs following aerosol exposure to Y. pestis CO92 is similar to that of pneumonic plague in humans. Thus, the CM is an appropriate model to evaluate efficacy of a recombinant F1V vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Warren
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, 505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201, USA
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