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Rajizadeh MA, Moslemizadeh A, Hosseini MS, Rafiei F, Soltani Z, Khoramipour K. Adiponectin receptor 1 could explain the sex differences in molecular basis of cognitive improvements induced by exercise training in type 2 diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16267. [PMID: 37758935 PMCID: PMC10533546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines dysregulation, the main reason for cognitive impairments (CI) induced by diabetes, shows a sex-dependent pattern inherently and in response to exercise. This study aimed to compare the attenuating effect of 8-week high intensity-interval training (HIIT) on type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced CI between male and female rats with a special focus on adiponectin and leptin. 28 male & 28 female Wistar rats with an average age of 8 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups: control (Con), exercise (EX), Diabetes (T2D), and Type 2 diabetes + exercise (T2D + Ex). Rats in EX and T2D + EX groups performed HIIT for eight weeks (80-100% Vmax, 4-10 intervals). T2D was induced by 2 months of a high-fat diet and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) administration. Leptin and adiponectin levels in serum were measured along with hippocampal expression of leptin and adiponectin receptors, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), dephosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (Dep-GSK3β), Tau, and beta-amyloid (Aβ). Homeostasis model assessments (HOMAs) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) indices were calculated. Our results showed that following T2D, serum levels of APN, and hippocampal levels of adiponectin receptor 1 (APNR1) were higher and HOMA-IR was lower in female than male rats (P < 0.05). However, after 8 weeks of HIIT, hippocampal levels of APNR1 and AMPK as well as QUICKI were lower and hippocampal levels of GSK, Tau, and Aβ were higher in females compared to male rats (P < 0.05). While the risk of CI following T2D was more in male than female rats HIIT showed a more ameliorating effect in male animals with APN1 as the main player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Sadat Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Forouzan Rafiei
- Health Solutions, College of (CHS), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Delaney KZ, Santosa S. Sex differences in regional adipose tissue depots pose different threats for the development of Type 2 diabetes in males and females. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13393. [PMID: 34985183 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects males and females disproportionately. In midlife, more males have T2DM than females. The sex difference in T2DM prevalence is, in part, explained by differences in regional adipose tissue characteristics. With obesity, changes to regional adipokine and cytokine release increases the risk of T2DM in both males and females with males having greater levels of TNFα and females having greater levels of leptin, CRP, and adiponectin. Regional immune cell infiltration appears to be pathogenic in both sexes via different routes as males with obesity have greater VAT ATM and a decrease in the protective Treg cells, whereas females have greater SAT ATM and T cells. Lastly, the ability of female adipose tissue to expand all regions through hyperplasia, rather than hypertrophy, protects them against the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes that dominate male adipose tissue. The objective of this review is to discuss how sex may affect regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics and how these differences may distinguish the development of T2DM in males and females. In doing so, we will show that the origins of T2DM development differ between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Z Delaney
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Chen Z, Bai Y, Long X, Luo Q, Wen Z, Li Y, Huang S, Yan Y, Mo Z. Effects of Adiponectin on T2DM and Glucose Homeostasis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1771-1784. [PMID: 32547139 PMCID: PMC7250315 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s248352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The associations of adiponectin with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucose homeostasis (including β-cell function index (HOMA-β), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin (FI) and fasting glucose (FG)) have reported in epidemiological studies. However, the previous observational studies are prone to biases, such as reverse causation and residual confounding factors. Herein, a Mendelian Randomization (MR) study was conducted to determine whether causal effects exist among them. MATERIALS AND AND METHODS Two-sample MR analyses and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed using the summary data from the ADIPOGen consortium, MAGIC Consortium, and a meta-analysis of GWAS with a considerable sample of T2DM (62,892 cases and 596,424 controls of European ancestry). We got eight valid genetic variants to predict the causal effect among adiponectin and T2DM and glucose homeostasis after excluding the probable invalid or pleiotropic variants. RESULTS Adiponectin was not associated with T2DM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.004; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.740, 1.363) when using MR Egger after removing the invalid SNPs, and the results were consistent when using the other four methods. Similar results existed among adiponectin and HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, FI, FG. CONCLUSION Our MR study revealed that adiponectin had no causal effect on T2DM and glucose homeostasis and that the associations among them in observational studies may be due to confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Bai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Long
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfan Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengzhu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunkun Yan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zengnan Mo Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86771-5353342 Email
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