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Bu Q, Zhu H, Cao G, Gong G, Su Y, Ge Q, Zhu W, Li Z, Pan X. Targeting mechanics-induced trabecular meshwork dysfunction through YAP-TGFβ Ameliorates high myopia-induced ocular hypertension. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109853. [PMID: 38453038 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
High myopia is a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The pathological mechanism of high myopia induced POAG occurrence is not fully understood. In this study, we successfully established the guinea pig model of ocular hypertension with high myopia, and demonstrated the susceptibility of high myopia for the occurrence of microbead-induced glaucoma compared with non-myopia group and the effect of YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway in TM pathogenesis induced by high myopia. Moreover, we performed stretching treatment on primary trabecular meshwork (TM) cells to simulate the mechanical environment of high myopia. It was found that stretching treatment disrupted the cytoskeleton, decreased phagocytic function, enhanced ECM remodeling, and promoted cell apoptosis. The experiments of mechanics-induced human TM cell lines appeared the similar trend. Mechanically, the differential expressed genes of TM cells caused by stretch treatment enriched YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway. To inhibit YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway effectively reversed mechanics-induced TM damage. Together, this study enriches mechanistic insights of high myopia induced POAG susceptibility and provides a potential target for the prevention of POAG with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Bu
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Guangliang Cao
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ganyu Gong
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ying Su
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Qingshu Ge
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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Behboudi H, Rajavi Z, Sabbaghi H, Katibeh M, Kheiri B, Yaseri M, Moradian S, Alizadeh Y, Ahmadieh H, Pakbin M, Bouyeh A, Moradi A. Prevalence of refractive errors in population aged 50 years and over: The Gilan eye study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:449-460. [PMID: 37349990 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231184544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence of refractive error (RE) and its association with other environmental and health factors among population aged ≥50 years who lived in Gilan, Iran in 2014. METHODS In this population-based cross-sectional study, 3281 individuals aged ≥50 years living in Gilan for at least 6 months were enrolled. The prevalence of different types of REs including myopia (spherical equivalent (SE)≤-0.50D), high myopia (SE ≤ -6.00D), hyperopia (SE≥ + 0.50D), high hyperopia (SE≥ + 3.00D), astigmatism (cylinder < -0.50D) and high astigmatism (cylinder < -2.25D) were determined. Anisometropia was defined as the SE difference of ≥1.00D between the two eyes. Associated factors including age, body mass index (BMI) and education were also studied. RESULTS 2587 eligible individuals (58% female subjects) with the mean age of 62.6 ± 8.8 years participated (87.6% response rate). The prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism was 19.2%, 48.6% and 57.4%, respectively. 3.6% high hyperopia, 0.5% high myopia and 4.5% high astigmatism were identified. The positive simultaneous effects3 of older age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.14), nuclear (OR = 1.71) and posterior subcapsular (OR = 1.61) cataracts as well as the negative effects of higher levels of education (OR = 0.28) were obtained on myopia. Higher BMI was found as a risk factor for hyperopia (OR = 1.67), while older patients were less likely to be hyperopic (OR = 0.31). CONCLUSION Higher incidence of myopia and astigmatism was found in patients aged over 70 years. It was also found that patients at older ages who suffered with cataracts were at a higher risk of myopia, while elderly people with greater BMI were at a higher risk of hyperopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Behboudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zhale Rajavi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Centre, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Centre, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Katibeh
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bahareh Kheiri
- Ophthalmic Research Centre, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Moradian
- Ophthalmic Research Centre, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Alizadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Centre, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Pakbin
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Centre, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aria Bouyeh
- Rehabilitation Research Centre, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Moradi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhong T, Yi H, Gou J, Li J, Liu M, Gao X, Chen S, Guan H, Liang S, He Q, Lin R, Long Z, Wang Y, Shi C, Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Xing L, Zhong J, Xue X. A wireless battery-free eye modulation patch for high myopia therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1766. [PMID: 38409083 PMCID: PMC10897479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The proper axial length of the eye is crucial for achieving emmetropia. In this study, we present a wireless battery-free eye modulation patch designed to correct high myopia and prevent relapse. The patch consists of piezoelectric transducers, an electrochemical micro-actuator, a drug microneedle array, μ-LEDs, a flexible circuit, and biocompatible encapsulation. The system can be wirelessly powered and controlled using external ultrasound. The electrochemical micro-actuator plays a key role in precisely shortening the axial length by driving the posterior sclera inward. This ensures accurate scene imaging on the retina for myopia eye. The drug microneedle array delivers riboflavin to the posterior sclera, and μ-LEDs' blue light induces collagen cross-linking, reinforcing sclera strength. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the patch successfully reduces the rabbit eye's axial length by ~1217 μm and increases sclera strength by 387%. The system operates effectively within the body without the need for batteries. Here, we show that the patch offers a promising avenue for clinically treating high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Zhong
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hangjin Yi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Gou
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sizhu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongye Guan
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qianxiong He
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Rui Lin
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Zhihe Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Chuang Shi
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Lili Xing
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xinyu Xue
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Lu Y, Ji Z, Jia J, Shi R, Liu Y, Shu Q, Lu F, Ge T, He Y. Progress in clinical characteristics of high myopia with primary open-angle glaucoma. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37243698 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2218765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High myopia (HM) is a significant risk factor for the occurrence and progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Identification with POAG in the HM population is an emergent challenge. Patients with HM have a significantly higher probability of complicating POAG than those without HM. When HM is associated with POAG, the changes to the fundus caused by both of them are confused with each other, making the diagnosis of early glaucoma difficult. This article reviews available researches on HM with POAG, summarizing the characteristics of the fundus structure such as epidemiology, intraocular pressure, optic disc, ganglion cell layer, retinal nerve fiber layer, vascular density, and visual field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- The Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Ji
- The Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Jia
- The Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Shu
- The Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fulin Lu
- The Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Teng Ge
- The Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan He
- The Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Li M, Luo Z, Yan X, Chen Z. The Anterior Segment Biometrics in High Myopia Eyes. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:75-85. [PMID: 35926453 DOI: 10.1159/000526280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the anterior segment biometrics in high myopia and control groups. METHODS Thirty-four eyes of 34 high myopia patients and 42 eyes of 42 control subjects were included. Schlemm's canal (SC) area, trabecular meshwork (TM) thickness and length, scleral spur (SS) length, and anterior scleral thickness (AST) were measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Associations between SC area, TM thickness, TM length, SS length, and AST were also estimated. RESULTS SC area, TM thickness, and SS length were significantly associated with AST0 (AST at 0 mm from SS) in both high myopia and control groups. AST0 (702.61 ± 78.05 vs. 729.12 ± 95.87 μm, p = 0.085) and SS length (206.25 ± 52.25 vs. 212.09 ± 51.86 μm, p = 0.556) were not significantly different between high myopia and control groups, whereas SC area (6,622.68 ± 1,130.06 vs. 6,105.85 ± 1,297.84 μm2, p = 0.015) was significantly greater and TM thickness (96.15 ± 34.40 vs. 107.93 ± 29.97 μm, p = 0.048) was significantly thinner in high myopia group than in control group. CONCLUSION SC area and TM thickness were significantly associated with AST0, while AST0 and SS length were not significantly different between high myopia and control groups. The changes in SC and TM dimensions in high myopia eyes might be caused by factors other than AST0 and SS length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Li RS, Wei YH, Fang Y, Tian T, Li M, Pan YZ. Applications of the isolated-check visual evoked potential in primary open angle glaucoma with or without high myopia. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:704-713. [PMID: 34012885 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.05.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the diagnostic performance of isolated-check visual evoked potential (icVEP) for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both highly myopic and non-highly myopic populations and compare it with those of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) parameters. METHODS A total of 126 participants were recruited, including 31 highly myopic participants with POAG (HM-POAG), 36 non-highly myopic participants with POAG (NHM-POAG), 25 highly myopic participants without POAG (HM) and 34 controls without high myopia (Normal). All the participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used to assess the icVEP. Both qualitative and quantitative diagnostic performances of OCT, HRT and the icVEP were analyzed and compared. RESULTS Based on the criterion of SNR≤1, the diagnostic performance of the icVEP in highly myopic subjects [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.862] was better than that in non-highly myopic subjects (AUC=0.789), and the SNR had fairly good specificity. In distinguishing the HM-POAG and HM groups, the AUC of the SNR was not different from those of the OCT and HRT parameters (P>0.05) in either the qualitative or quantitative comparison. In the qualitative analysis, the icVEP showed good consistency with damage to the central 10° of the visual field (kappa=0.695-0.747, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The icVEP has the potential to discriminate individuals with and without POAG, especially in populations with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ruo-Shi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying-Zi Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Progression patterns of normal-tension glaucoma groups classified by hierarchical cluster analysis. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:536-543. [PMID: 32367001 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in progression patterns of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients in three clusters classified by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective study, 200 eyes of NTG patients classified by HCA in 2015 who were followed up to the current date were evaluated. Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thicknesses were measured by Cirrus HD-OCT and progression rate was calculated by trend analysis (Guided Progression Analysis [GPA]). VF progression rate was evaluated by linear regression analysis of mean deviation (MD). Progression patterns of three clusters were compared by histograms. RESULTS In total, 153 eyes of 153 patients were followed up. Mean observation period was 5 years. RNFL reduction rate was -0.83 μm/year in cluster 1, which showed early glaucomatous damage in previous reports; -0.45 μm/year in cluster 2, which showed moderate glaucomatous damage; and -0.36 μm/year in cluster 3, which showed young and myopic glaucomatous damage. The progression pattern of cluster 3 showed a double-peak distribution; RNFL reduction rate was 0.11 μm/year in the non-progressive group and -1.07 μm/year in the progressive group. CONCLUSION The progression patterns were different among three NTG groups that were divided by HCA. In particular, the group of young and myopic eyes showed a mixture of two different patterns.
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Wu Q, Li Y, Tang L, Wu LA, Wang CY. Comparison of rigid versus foldable iris-fixed phakic intraocular lens implantation for high myopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19030. [PMID: 32028415 PMCID: PMC7015551 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the efficacy of rigid versus foldable iris-fixed phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation in the treatment of high myopia. METHODS A systematic search based on electronic databases such as Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to January 11, 2019. The pooled odds ratios and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS Eight comparative studies with 835 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall WMD showed statistical significance in terms of postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), mean postoperative spherical equivalence (SE), and mean postoperative intraocular higher-order aberrations (HOA) (μm) for a 6-mm pupil, suggesting that foldable PIOL group showed significant improvement of high myopia, compared to rigid PIOL group. Besides, compared with rigid PIOL group, foldable PIOL group had beneficial effect on the proportion of eyes with central endothelial cell density (ECD) loss in patients with high myopia. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provided the up-to-date evidence and found that foldable PIOL group had significant beneficial effect on UDVA, SE, HOA, contrast sensitivity, and ECD, except best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and safety in the treatment of high myopia over rigid PIOL group.
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Vroemen PAMM, Gorgels TGMF, Webers CAB, de Boer J. Modeling the Mechanical Parameters of Glaucoma. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:412-428. [PMID: 31088331 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a major eye disease characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Biomechanical forces as a result of hydrostatic pressure and strain play a role in this disease. Decreasing intraocular pressure is the only available therapy so far, but is not always effective and does not prevent blindness in many cases. There is a need for drugs that protect RGCs from dying in glaucoma; to develop these, we need valid glaucoma and drug screening models. Since in vivo models are unsuitable for screening purposes, we focus on in vitro and ex vivo models in this review. Many groups have studied pressure and strain model systems to mimic glaucoma, to investigate the molecular and cellular events leading to mechanically induced RGC death. Therefore, the focus of this review is on the different mechanical model systems used to mimic the biomechanical forces in glaucoma. Most models use either cell or tissue strain, or fluid- or gas-controlled hydrostatic pressure application and apply it to the relevant cell types such as trabecular meshwork cells, optic nerve head astrocytes, and RGCs, but also to entire eyes. New model systems are warranted to study concepts and test experimental compounds for the development of new drugs to protect vision in glaucoma patients. Impact Statement The outcome of currently developed models to investigate mechanically induced retinal ganglion cell death by applying different mechanical strains varies widely. This suggests that a robust glaucoma model has not been developed yet. However, a comprehensive overview of current developments is not available. In this review, we have therefore assessed what has been done before and summarized the available knowledge in the field, which can be used to develop improved models for glaucoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal A M M Vroemen
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration (CTR), MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Structures, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
High myopia (HM) was associated with impaired long-distance vision. Previous neuroimaging studies showed that abnormal visual experience leads to dysfunction in brain activity in HM even corrected. However, whether alterations in brain structure occur in HM remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the difference in the whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume between HM patients and healthy controls (HCs) using a voxel-based morphology method. A total of 82 HM patients (52 men and 30 women) and 58 HCs (28 men and 30 women), matched closely in terms of age and education, were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent MRI scans. The MRI data were processed using the SPM8 software. The relationship between the mean GMV values of the brain regions and clinical features, including refractive diopter and the mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, in the HM group were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Compared with HCs, HM patients showed significantly decreased GMV values in the right cuneus/lingual gyrus and the right thalamus. In contrast, HM groups showed higher GMV values in the brain stem, right parahippocampal gyrus/thalamus, left parahippocampal gyrus/thalamus, as well as the right and the left putamen. No significantly different white matter volume values were found between the two groups. Moreover, in the HM group, the mean retinal nerve fiber layer of the left eye showed a negative correlation with the mean GMV values of the brain stem (r=−0.218; P=0.049), right parahippocampal gyrus/thalamus (r=−0.262; P=0.017), left parahippocampal gyrus/thalamus (r=−0.249; P=0.024), and left putamen (r=−0.232; P=0.036). We found that HM patients showed an altered brain structure in the visual pathway regions and the limbic system, which may provide useful information to explore the neural mechanisms of impaired long-distance vision in HM.
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11
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Altered whole-brain gray matter volume in primary angle closure glaucoma patients: a voxel-based morphometry study. Neuroreport 2019; 29:1405-1412. [PMID: 30199440 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to compare the whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) difference between primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients and health controls (HCs) using a voxel-based morphometry method. A total of 27 patients with PACG (17 males and 10 females) and 27 HCs (17 males and 10 females), closely matched for age and education, were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The MRI data were processed using SPM8 software in voxel-based morphometry 8 toolbox. The relationship between the mean GMV values of brain regions and the clinical features including psychological testing and mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in PACG groups were analyzed by using Pearson correlation. Compared with HCs, PACG patients showed significantly decreased GMV values in the left cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL), right extra-nuclear, and right superior temporal gyrus. In contrast, PACG patients showed significantly increased GMV values in the left CPL, right CPL, right superior temporal gyrus, right thalamus and right insula (P<0.01). Moreover, in the PACG group, the left mean RNFL showed a positive correlation with the mean GMV values of the left CPL (r=0.719; P<0.001) and the right mean RNFL showed a positive correlation with the mean GMV values of the left CPL (r=0.721; P<0.001). The Hamilton depression score showed a positive correlation with the mean GMV values of right insula (r=0.897; P<0.001). Our results demonstrated that PACG patients showed altered brain structure in various regions related to visuomotor function, thalamocortical pathway, and emotion function, which might provide a useful informations to understanding the anatomy neural mechanisms of deficit in vision loss and depression in PACG.
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Xu XY, Xiao H, Luo JY, Liu X. Evaluation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters in discriminating preperimetric glaucoma from high myopia. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:58-65. [PMID: 30662841 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in discriminating non-highly myopic eyes with preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) from highly myopic healthy eyes. METHODS A total of 254 eyes, including 76 normal controls (NC), 116 eyes with high myopia (HM) and 62 non-highly myopic eyes with PPG were enrolled. The diagnostic ability of OCT parameters was accessed by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve in two distinguishing groups: PPG eyes with non-glaucomatous eyes including NC and HM (Group 1), and PPG eyes with HM eyes (Group 2). Differences in diagnostic performance between GCIPL and RNFL parameters were evaluated. RESULTS The minimum (AUROC curve of 0.782), inferotemporal (0.758) and inferior (0.705) GCIPL thickness were the top three GCIPL parameters in discriminating PPG from non-glaucomatous eyes, all of which had statistically significant lower diagnostic ability than average RNFL thickness (0.847). In discriminating PPG from HM, the best GCIPL parameter was minimum (0.689), statistically significant lower in diagnostic ability than average RNFL thickness (0.789) and three other RNFL thickness parameters of temporal and inferotemporal clock-hour sectors. CONCLUSION The minimum GCIPL thickness is the best GCIPL parameter to detect non-highly myopic PPG from highly myopic eyes, whose diagnostic ability is inferior to that of average RNFL thickness and RNFL thickness of several temporal and inferotemporal clock-hour sectors. The average RNFL thickness is recommended for discriminating PPG from highly myopic healthy eyes in current clinical practice in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing-Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
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Lee KM, Kim M, Oh S, Kim SH. Position of Central Retinal Vascular Trunk and Preferential Location of Glaucomatous Damage in Myopic Normal-Tension Glaucoma. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2018; 1:32-43. [PMID: 32672631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the spatial correlation between the central retinal vascular trunk and the preferential location of glaucomatous damage in myopic normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS One hundred thirty-seven subjects with myopic NTG (137 eyes). METHODS The position of the vascular trunk was measured from the center of the Bruch membrane opening (BMO), which was delineated by optical coherence tomography imaging. The angular deviation was measured, with the horizontal nasal midline as 0° and the superior location as a positive value. The shift index was calculated as the distance of the vascular trunk from the BMO center relative to that of the BMO margin. The angular location of the midpoint of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect was measured from the BMO center. In cases with bi-hemispheric RNFL defects, the angular location was measured for the RNFL defect of larger width. For categorical analysis, hemispheric dominancy was determined if the RNFL defect in one hemisphere was larger than twofold that in the opposite hemisphere. In cases with no dominant hemisphere, the eye was classified as bi-equivalent involvement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The vascular trunk position within the BMO and the location of glaucomatous damage. RESULTS The moderate- and severe-shift groups (shift index ≥ 0.5) were associated with younger age, longer axial length, smaller angular deviation, and lesser incidence of focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defect. A multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the vascular trunk position and the RNFL defect location (P < 0.001). A logistic regression analysis revealed that the dominant RNFL defect occurred in the opposite hemisphere of the vascular trunk (P < 0.001), and bi-equivalent involvement in both hemispheres was associated with a larger shift index (P = 0.001). A conditional inference tree analysis showed that both the angular deviation (P < 0.001) and the extent of vascular trunk shift (P < 0.001) determined the RNFL defect location. CONCLUSIONS In myopic NTG eyes, the vascular trunk is located in the direction opposite of the RNFL defect with reference to the BMO. Because the vascular trunk is embedded in the LC, this implies that LC shift during axial elongation is associated with greater vulnerability of myopic eyes to glaucomatous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Martha Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Wang HW, Sun P, Chen Y, Jiang LP, Wu HP, Zhang W, Gao F. Research progress on human genes involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:656-674. [PMID: 29845210 PMCID: PMC6059695 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. It is known that the incidence of glaucoma is closely associated with inheritance. A large number of studies have suggested that genetic factors are involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma, and even affect the drug sensitivity and prognosis of glaucoma. In the present review, 22 loci of glaucoma are presented, including the relevant genes (myocilin, interleukin 20 receptor subunit B, optineurin, ankyrin repeat- and SOCS box-containing protein 10, WD repeat-containing protein 36, EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, neurotrophin 4, TANK-binding kinase 1, cytochrome P450 subfamily I polypeptide 1, latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 2 and TEK tyrosine kinase endothelial) and 74 other genes (including toll-like receptor 4, sine oculis homeobox Drosophila homolog of 1, doublecortin-like kinase 1, RE repeats-encoding gene, retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator-interacting protein, lysyl oxidase-like protein 1, heat-shock 70-kDa protein 1A, baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and nitric oxide synthase 3 and nanophthalmos 1) that are more closely associated with glaucoma. The pathogenesis of these glaucoma-associated genes, glaucomatous genetics and genetic approaches, as well as glaucomatous risk factors, including increasing age, glaucoma family history, high myopia, diabetes, ocular trauma, smoking, intraocular pressure increase and/or fluctuation were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161041, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Wu
- Department of The Scientific Research, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Hospital Administration, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
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15
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Chen Z, Song Y, Li M, Chen W, Liu S, Cai Z, Chen L, Xiang Y, Zhang H, Wang J. Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork morphology in high myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2018; 38:266-272. [PMID: 29691920 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Yinwei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Liugui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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16
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Tai ELM, Ling JL, Gan EH, Adil H, Wan-Hazabbah WH. Comparison of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between myopia severity groups and controls. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:274-278. [PMID: 29487819 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.02.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured via optical coherence tomography (OCT) between different groups of myopia severity and controls. METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent a full ophthalmic examination, refraction, visual field analysis and A-scan biometry. Myopic patients were classified as low myopia (LM) [spherical equivalent (SE) from greater than -0.5 D, up to -3.0 D], moderate myopia (MM; SE greater than -3.0 D, up to -6.0 D) and high myopia (HM; SE greater than -6.0 D). The control group consisted of emmetropic (EM) patients (SE from +0.5 D to -0.5 D). A Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT machine was used to measure the peripapillary RNFL thickness of both eyes of each subject. The mean peripapillary RNFL thickness between groups was compared using both analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. RESULTS A total of 403 eyes of 403 subjects were included in this study. The mean age was 31.48±10.23y. There were 180 (44.7%) eyes with EM, 124 (30.8%) with LM, 73 (18.1%) with MM and 26 (6.5%) with HM. All groups of myopia severity had a thinner average RNFL than the EM group, but after controlling for gender, age, and axial eye length, only the HM group differed significantly from the EM group (P=0.017). Likewise, the superior, inferior and nasal RNFL was thinner in all myopia groups compared to controls, but after controlling for confounders, only the inferior quadrant RNFL was significantly thinner in the HM group, when compared to the EM group (P=0.017). CONCLUSION The average and inferior quadrant RNFL is thinner in highly myopic eyes compared to emmetropic eyes. Refractive status must be taken into consideration when interpreting the OCT of myopic patients, as RNFL thickness varies with the degree of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Li Min Tai
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jiunn Loong Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hui Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hussein Adil
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Hitam Wan-Hazabbah
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Eyes with high myopia (axial length ≥ 26.5 mm) do not just have a different size. Due to morphological and structural changes there is a considerably increased risk for many different secondary diseases. OBJECTIVE Determination of the incidence and mortality in high myopia, discussion of effects and clinical signs, presentation of treatment recommendations and counselling. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search of the literature was carried out and a discussion on basic principles and epidemiological investigations is presented. RESULTS Findings due to high myopia are not in a closed state but undergo continuous changes. Choroidal neovascularization (adjusted prevalence 2.5-5%), staphyloma, foveoschisis and peripheral retinal degeneration are examples of problems contributing to the increased rate of visual impairment and blindness related to myopia. High myopia is associated with a clearly increased risk of retinal detachment after lens surgery (hazard ratio 6.1) and particularly more frequently in younger people. The associated primary open-angle glaucoma (odds ratio 2.46) is often recognized too late due to relatively low values of intraocular pressure. CONCLUSION Understanding of atrophic areas and staphyloma has benefited from recent advances in imaging (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography and wide-field imaging) that complement and explain histological findings. Knowledge of the associated risk profile is of major clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ziemssen
- Department für Augenheilkunde, Universität Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | - W Lagrèze
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - B Voykov
- Department für Augenheilkunde, Universität Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
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18
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Huang CX, Zhao XH, Xing YQ. Combined phacoemulsification and anterior vitrectomy in a case of anterior megalophthalmos with open-angle glaucoma and high myopia. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1178-1180. [PMID: 28730127 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.07.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xuan Huang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhao
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Xing
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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19
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Mutational screening of SLC39A5, LEPREL1 and LRPAP1 in a cohort of 187 high myopia patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1120. [PMID: 28442722 PMCID: PMC5430800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia (HM) is a leading cause of mid-way blindness with a high heritability in East Asia. Although only a few disease genes have been reported, a small proportion of patients could be identified with genetic predispositions. In order to expand the mutation spectrum of the causative genes in Chinese adult population, we investigated three genes, SLC39A5, LEPREL1 and LRPAP1, in a cohort of 187 independent Chinese patients with high myopia. Sanger sequencing was used to find possible pathogenic mutations, which were further screened in normal controls. After a pipeline of database and predictive assessments filtering, we, thereby, identified totally seven heterozygous mutations in the three genes. Among them, three novel missense mutations, c.860C > T, p.Pro287Leu and c.956G > C, p.Arg319Thr in SLC39A5, c.1982A > G, p.Lys661Arg in LEPREL1, were identified as potentially causative mutations. Additionally, the two heterozygous mutations (c.1582G > A, p.Ala528Thr; c.1982A > G, p.Lys661Arg) in one patient in LEPREL1 gene were reported in this study. Our findings will not only augment the mutation spectrum of these three genes, but also provide insights of the contribution of these genes to adult high myopia in Chinese. However, further studies are still needed to address the pathogenicity of each of the mutations reported in this study.
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20
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Jung KI, Park CK. Risk factors for the hypertensive phase after implantation of a glaucoma drainage device. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:e260-7. [PMID: 26603240 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate risk factors for the development of the hypertensive phase after implantation of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV). METHODS A total of 128 patients who had undergone AGV implantation were included in this study. The hypertensive phase was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg during the first 3 months after surgery. Failure was defined IOP > 21 mmHg or less than a 20% reduction from baseline on two consecutive study visits after 3 months. RESULTS Mean age and preoperative IOP were not different between the hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups (p = 0.054, 0.065, respectively). Axial length (AL) was significantly longer in the hypertensive group (25.2 ± 2.6 mm) than in the non-hypertensive group (23.6 ± 1.6 mm; p = 0.006). AL was correlated with postoperative IOP at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (r = 0.176, p = 0.047; r = 0.363, p < 0.001), but not at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.105, 0.068). Only AL was significantly associated with development of the hypertensive phase (p = 0.026) in the binary logistic regression analysis. The development of hypertensive phase was higher in the high-myopia group (95.1%) than in the non-high myopia group (79.3%; p = 0.011). The cumulative probability of success at postoperative 1 year was 96.5% in the non-high myopia group and 95.1% in the high myopia group (p = 0.784). CONCLUSIONS Eyes with high myopia were at the greatest risk for developing hypertension following implantation of a glaucoma drainage valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung In Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Chan Kee Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
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21
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Lv Y, Yao Q, Ma W, Liu H, Ji J, Li X. Associations of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (Cdx-2, Fok I, Bsm I and Taq I) polymorphisms with the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:116. [PMID: 27435453 PMCID: PMC4952063 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are known to be significantly associated with high myopia. Whether this genetic variant may impact primary open-angle glaucoma is largely unknown. This study investigated whether vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are altered in primary open-angle glaucoma subjects carrying the risk allele, and whether vitamin D deficiency is an important factor in the development of glaucoma. METHODS Seventy-three POAG patients and 71 age-matched controls from the Han population were enrolled. Serum levels of 1a, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms (Cdx-2, Fok I, Bsm I and Taq I) were analyzed using real-time polymerase-chain reaction high resolution melting analysis. RESULTS Serum levels of 1a, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin in primary open-angle glaucoma patients were lower than in age-matched controls. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the allelic frequencies of the BsmI and TaqI genotypes between primary open-angle glaucoma patients and age-matched controls, while other polymorphisms did not show any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency and the presence of the BsmI 'B' allele and the TaqI 't' allele are relevant risk factors in the development of glaucoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02539745 . The study was registered retrospectively on August 3rd, 2015. The first participant was enrolled on July 4th, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Lv
- />Department of Glaucoma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, The School of Optometry&Ophthalmology, No.251 Fu Kang Road, Nan kai District, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Qingbin Yao
- />Department of Histology and Embryology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, He Ping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Wenjiang Ma
- />Department of Glaucoma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, The School of Optometry&Ophthalmology, No.251 Fu Kang Road, Nan kai District, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Hua Liu
- />Department of Glaucoma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, The School of Optometry&Ophthalmology, No.251 Fu Kang Road, Nan kai District, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Jian Ji
- />Department of Glaucoma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, The School of Optometry&Ophthalmology, No.251 Fu Kang Road, Nan kai District, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- />Department of Glaucoma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, The School of Optometry&Ophthalmology, No.251 Fu Kang Road, Nan kai District, Tianjin, 300384 China
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22
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Shim SH, Sung KR, Kim JM, Kim HT, Jeong J, Kim CY, Lee MY, Park KH. The Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma by Age in Myopia: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:65-71. [PMID: 27248009 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1151053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in myopia by age. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study using a stratified, multistage, probability cluster survey. Participants in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2011 were included. A standardized protocol was used to interview every participant and perform comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Glaucoma was diagnosed according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. RESULTS After adjusting for age and sex, there was a positive correlation between OAG prevalence and increasing myopic refractive error except in participants with hyperopia. Younger participants with higher myopic refractive error had higher OAG prevalence than older participants with lower myopic refractive error. Participants with high myopia (OR 3.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.30-6.59) had significantly greater age- and sex-adjusted odd ratios (ORs) than did those with emmetropia who were younger than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that OAG develops earlier in participants with high myopia than in others. There was a high prevalence of OAG in participants with high myopia, even in those 19-29 years of age. Therefore, OAG screening should be performed earlier in participants with high myopia than is suggested by traditional guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Shim
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyung Rim Sung
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joon Mo Kim
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jinho Jeong
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Jeju National University Hospital , Jeju , Korea
| | - Chan Yun Kim
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- e Department of Biostatistics , Kangbuk Samsung Hospital , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- f Department of Ophthalmology , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea
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23
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Association of Common Variants in eNOS Gene with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:1348347. [PMID: 27242919 PMCID: PMC4875980 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1348347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To clarify the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods. After a systematic literature search in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases, all relevant studies evaluating the association between the polymorphisms (rs2070744 and rs1799983) of eNOS gene and POAG were screened and included. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in five genetic models were estimated using fixed-effect model if I (2) < 50% in the test for heterogeneity; otherwise the random-effects model was used. Results. Thirty-one records were obtained, with five being suitable for meta-analysis. The overall results showed that both TT genotype in rs2070744 and GG genotype in rs1799983 are associated with decreased risk of POAG susceptibility. Stratified analysis based on ethnicity showed that the association of rs2070744 with POAG remained only in Caucasians. Results of subgroup analysis by sex indicated association between both polymorphisms and POAG in female group, but not in male group. Conclusions. TT genotype and/or T-allele in rs2070744, as well as GG genotype and/or G-allele in rs1799983, was associated with decreased risk for POAG overall and in female group.
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Zwillinger S, Paques M, Safran B, Baudouin C. In vivo characterization of lamina cribrosa pore morphology in primary open-angle glaucoma. J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 39:265-71. [PMID: 26987895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the in vivo morphology of human lamina cribrosa pores in healthy and glaucoma eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional, observational study, a flood-illumination adaptive optics fundus (FIAO) camera was used to perform in vivo, high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of the optic disc and lamina cribrosa in 30 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), in 15 healthy controls and in 14 healthy subjects with at least one direct relative with POAG. Two masked graders measured each visible lamina cribrosa pore along the major and minor axes in order to categorize pores as oval (minor/major axis ratio<0.75) or round. We used these same measurements to calculate pore surface area as a best-fit oval. RESULTS Lamina cribrosa pores were visible in 95.2% of the subjects. In 52% of controls, the pores were visualized under the neuroretinal rim. In POAG patients, 78% of visible pores had an oval shape versus 19.4% in controls (P<0.01). Average pore surface area was significantly different (1561 px(2) versus 724 px(2); P<0.01). In healthy subjects with at least one direct relative with POAG, 21% had pores with an appearance comparable to that of subjects in the glaucoma group. CONCLUSION On average, lamina cribrosa pores are elongated in POAG eyes and also in healthy eyes of POAG relatives. In vivo characterization of lamina cribrosa pore morphology by FIAO imaging may enhance our understanding of glaucoma, and offer new means for its early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zwillinger
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1423, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - M Paques
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1423, 75012 Paris, France; Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University Paris 6, institut de la vision, UMRS968, 75006 Paris, France
| | - B Safran
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1423, 75012 Paris, France
| | - C Baudouin
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1423, 75012 Paris, France; Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University Paris 6, institut de la vision, UMRS968, 75006 Paris, France; Ambroise-Paré hospital, AP-HP, IFR Paris, 92100 Île-de-France Ouest, France; University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France
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Genes, pathways, and animal models in primary open-angle glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:1285-98. [PMID: 26315706 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and consequently visual field loss. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which both environmental and genetic factors play a role. With the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), the number of loci associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) have increased greatly. There has also been major progress in understanding the genes determining the vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR), disc area (DA), cup area (CA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and central corneal thickness (CCT). In this review, we will update and summarize the genetic loci associated so far with POAG, VCDR, DA, CA, IOP, and CCT. We will describe the pathways revealed and supported by genetic association studies, integrating current knowledge from human and experimental data. Finally, we will discuss approaches for functional genomics and clinical translation.
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