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Zhang P, Feng B, Dai G, Niu K, Zhang L. FOXC1 Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Dnmt3b/CXCL12 Axis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:176-192. [PMID: 37306827 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects have remained a clinical problem in current orthopedics. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with multi-directional differentiation ability have become a research hotspot for repairing bone defects. In vitro and in vivo models were constructed, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed to detect osteogenic differentiation ability. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins. Serum inflammatory cytokine levels were detected by ELISA. Fracture recovery was evaluated by HE staining. The binding relationship between FOXC1 and Dnmt3b was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The relationship between Dnmt3b and CXCL12 was explored by MSP and ChIP assays. FOXC1 overexpression promoted calcium nodule formation, upregulated osteogenic differentiation-related protein expression, promoted osteogenic differentiation, and decreased inflammatory factor levels in BM-MSCs, and promoted callus formation, upregulated osteogenic differentiation-related protein expression, and downregulated CXCL12 expression in the mouse model. Furthermore, FOXC1 targeted Dnmt3b, with Dnmt3b knockdown decreasing calcium nodule formation and downregulating osteogenic differentiation-related protein expression. Additionally, inhibiting Dnmt3b expression upregulated CXCL12 protein expression and inhibited CXCL12 methylation. Dnmt3b could be binded to CXCL12. CXCL12 overexpression attenuated the effects of FOXC1 overexpression and inhibited BM-MSCs osteogenic differentiation. This study confirmed that the FOXC1-mediated regulation of the Dnmt3b/CXCL12 axis had positive effects on the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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Takenoshita M, Takechi M, Vu Hoang T, Furutera T, Akagawa C, Namangkalakul W, Aoto K, Kume T, Miyashin M, Iwamoto T, Iseki S. Cell lineage- and expression-based inference of the roles of forkhead box transcription factor Foxc2 in craniofacial development. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1125-1139. [PMID: 33667029 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foxc2 is a member of the winged helix/forkhead (Fox) box family of transcription factors. Loss of function of Foxc2 causes craniofacial abnormalities such as cleft palate and deformed cranial base, but its role during craniofacial development remains to be elucidated. RESULTS The contributions of Foxc2-positive and its descendant cells to the craniofacial structure at E18.5 were examined using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre driver mouse (Foxc2-CreERT2) crossed with the R26R-LacZ reporter mouse. Foxc2 expression at E8.5 is restricted to the cranial mesenchyme, contributing to specific components including the cranial base, sensory capsule, tongue, upper incisor, and middle ear. Expression at E10.5 was still positively regulated in most of those regions. In situ hybridization analysis of Foxc2 and its closely related gene, Foxc1, revealed that expression domains of these genes largely overlap in the cephalic mesenchyme. Meanwhile, the tongue expressed Foxc2 but not Foxc1, and its development was affected by the neural crest-specific deletion of Foxc2 in mice (Wnt1-Cre; Foxc2fl/fl ). CONCLUSIONS Foxc2 is expressed in cranial mesenchyme that contributes to specific craniofacial tissue components from an early stage, and it seems to be involved in their development in cooperation with Foxc1. Foxc2 also has its own role in tongue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Takenoshita
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tri Vu Hoang
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisaki Akagawa
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Worachat Namangkalakul
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Aoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Development of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michiyo Miyashin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Souzeau E, Siggs OM, Pasutto F, Knight LSW, Perez‐Jurado LA, McGregor L, Le Blanc S, Barnett CP, Liebelt J, Craig JE. Gene-specific facial dysmorphism in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome caused by FOXC1 and PITX2 variants. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:434-439. [PMID: 33231930 PMCID: PMC7839469 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by ocular and systemic features and is most commonly caused by variants in the FOXC1 or PITX2 genes. Facial dysmorphism is part of the syndrome but the differences between both genes have never been systematically assessed. Here, 11 facial traits commonly reported in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome were assessed by five clinical geneticists blinded to the molecular diagnosis. Individuals were drawn from the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma in Australia or recruited through the Genetic and Ophthalmology Unit of l'Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda in Italy. Thirty-four individuals from 18 families were included. FOXC1 variants were present in 64.7% of individuals and PITX2 variants in 35.3% of individuals. A thin upper lip (55.9%) and a prominent forehead (41.2%) were common facial features shared between both genes. Hypertelorism/telecanthus (81.8% vs 25.0%, p = 0.002) and low-set ears (31.8% vs 0.0%, p = 0.036) were significantly more prevalent in individuals with FOXC1 variants compared with PITX2 variants. These findings may assist clinicians in reaching correct clinical and molecular diagnoses, and providing appropriate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Owen M. Siggs
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human GeneticsFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Lachlan S. W. Knight
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Luis A. Perez‐Jurado
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- South Australia Health and Medical Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu FabraHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) and CIBERERBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lesley McGregor
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Shannon Le Blanc
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christopher P. Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jan Liebelt
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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The Skull's Girder: A Brief Review of the Cranial Base. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9010003. [PMID: 33498686 PMCID: PMC7838769 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cranial base is a multifunctional bony platform within the core of the cranium, spanning rostral to caudal ends. This structure provides support for the brain and skull vault above, serves as a link between the head and the vertebral column below, and seamlessly integrates with the facial skeleton at its rostral end. Unique from the majority of the cranial skeleton, the cranial base develops from a cartilage intermediate-the chondrocranium-through the process of endochondral ossification. Owing to the intimate association of the cranial base with nearly all aspects of the head, congenital birth defects impacting these structures often coincide with anomalies of the cranial base. Despite this critical importance, studies investigating the genetic control of cranial base development and associated disorders lags in comparison to other craniofacial structures. Here, we highlight and review developmental and genetic aspects of the cranial base, including its transition from cartilage to bone, dual embryological origins, and vignettes of transcription factors controlling its formation.
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Ouyang N, Li H, Wang M, Shen H, Si J, Shen G. The Transcription Factor Foxc1 Promotes Osteogenesis by Directly Regulating Runx2 in Response of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32431614 PMCID: PMC7216818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is crucial for bone remodeling. Intermittent PTH (1–34) administration stimulates osteogenesis and promotes bone formation; however, the possible targets and underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, functional links between PTH and Foxc1, a transcription factor reported to be predominant in skeletal development and formation, were indicated. We determined the impacts of Foxc1 on in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration under intermittent PTH induction, and further explored its possible targets. We found that the expression level of Foxc1 was upregulated during osteogenic induction by intermittent PTH treatment, and the elevated expression of Foxc1 induced by PTH was inhibited by PTH1R silencing, while rescued by intermittent PTH supplement. By gain- and loss-of-function strategies targeting Foxc1 in MC3T3-E1 cells, we demonstrated that Foxc1 could promote in vitro osteogenic differentiation by intermittent PTH induction. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis indicated the nuclear co-localization of Foxc1 with Runx2. Luciferase-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis further confirmed that Foxc1 could bind to the P1 promoter region of Runx2 directly, which plays an indispensable part in osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization. Meanwhile, we also revealed that Foxc1 could promote bone regeneration induced by intermittent PTH treatment in vivo. Taken together, this study revealed the role and mechanism of Foxc1 on in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration in response of intermittent PTH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjuan Ouyang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjiao Wang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Shen
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Si
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Zhao L, Matsumoto Y, Ono T, Iseki S. Effects of mechanical force application on the developing root apex in rat maxillary molars. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:64-76. [PMID: 30903951 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical force application on the developing root apex in vivo. DESIGN Mechanical force was applied on the maxillary first molars of Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day 21 for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days to induce tooth movement. We observed the developing root apex of the mesial root of first molar by using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography, histological staining, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to analyze apical cell proliferation and gene expression. Moreover, the force was released after 3 and 7 days of tooth movement, and root apical morphology at postnatal day 35 was subsequently observed. RESULTS After 1 and 3 days of tooth movement, root apical morphology was altered by increasing immune-reactivity of laminin in the forming periodontal ligament. After 7 days of tooth movement, the root length decreased significantly with bending root apex, decreased cell proliferation and altered gene expression in developing root apex. At postnatal day 35, apical morphology showed no obvious abnormality when the force was released after 3 days of tooth movement, whereas root apical bending was not rescued when the force was released after 7 days. CONCLUSIONS Relatively short-term force application had no obvious adverse effects on the developing root apex. However, relatively long-term force application altered root apex by affecting Hertwig's epithelial root sheath morphology and apical cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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