1
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Yuan S, Ouyang J, Yang H, Li Y, Qin G. A case of bilateral asymmetric polydactyly combined with unilateral foot polydactyly. HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2024; 43:101690. [PMID: 38583708 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2024.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Zouping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou, Shandong 256209, China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yikai Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Guozhong Qin
- Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518010, China.
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2
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Nguyen TN, Tran GS, Hoang HD, Nguyen LG. A novel missense variant located within the zinc finger domain of the GLI3 gene was identified in a Vietnamese pedigree with index finger polydactyly. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2468. [PMID: 38864382 PMCID: PMC11167515 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydactyly, particularly of the index finger, remains an intriguing anomaly for which no specific gene or locus has been definitively linked to this phenotype. In this study, we conducted an investigation of a three-generation family displaying index finger polydactyly. METHODS Exome sequencing was conducted on the patient, with a filtration to identify potential causal variation. Validation of the obtained variant was conducted by Sanger sequencing, encompassing all family members. RESULTS Exome analysis uncovered a novel heterozygous missense variant (c.1482A>T; p.Gln494His) at the zinc finger DNA-binding domain of the GLI3 protein within the proband and all affected family members. Remarkably, the variant was absent in unaffected individuals within the pedigree, underscoring its association with the polydactyly phenotype. Computational analyses revealed that GLI3 p.Gln494His impacts a residue that is highly conserved across species. CONCLUSION The GLI3 zinc finger DNA-binding region is an essential part of the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, orchestrating crucial aspects of embryonic development through the regulation of target gene expression. This novel finding not only contributes valuable insights into the molecular pathways governing polydactyly during embryonic development but also has the potential to enhance diagnostic and screening capabilities for this condition in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thy Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Giang Son Tran
- Department of Information and Communication TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Hai Duc Hoang
- Department of OrthopedicsVietnam National Children's HospitalHanoiVietnam
| | - Long Giang Nguyen
- Department of Management Information SystemInstitute of Information Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
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3
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Yao Y, Deng S, Zhu F. Prenatal Detection of Novel Compound Heterozygous Splice Site Variants of the KIAA0825 Gene in a Fetus with Postaxial Polydactyly Type A. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071230. [PMID: 35886013 PMCID: PMC9316509 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is a common abnormality characterized by extra digits on hands and/or feet. To date, sequence variants in seven genes have been identified in non-syndromic PAP. In the present study, a fetus manifesting non-syndromic postaxial polydactyly type A (PAPA) was found by fetal ultrasonography. To better evaluate fetal prognosis, SNP array analysis and trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) were performed to identify the underlying etiology. Although SNP array analysis revealed no abnormality, trio-WES identified compound heterozygous splice site variants in KIAA0825, c.-1-2A>T and c.2247-2A>G in intron 2 and intron 12, respectively. These two splice site variants were absent in control databases and were predicted to influence splicing by in silico analysis. To confirm the potential pathogenicity of the variants, in vitro splicing assays using minigene and RNA from peripheral leukocytes of the heterozygous parents were conducted. Minigene and RT-PCR assays demonstrated that the c.-1-2A>T variant led to the loss of the initiation codon, and the c.2247-2A>G variant mainly resulted in exon 13 skipping. Prenatal WES and subsequent functional studies are important approaches for defining the genetic etiology of fetuses with PAPA and are also essential for accurate genetic counseling and decision making. Taken together, this study expands the spectrum of KIAA0825 variations in PAPA patients and increases the knowledge of the molecular consequences of KIAA0825 splice site variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Yao
- Medical Genetic Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Shan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8572-6012
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4
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Zu B, Zhang X, Xu Y, Xiang Y, Wang Z, Cai H, Wang B, You G, Fu Q. Identification of the genetic basis of sporadic polydactyly in China by targeted sequencing. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3482-3490. [PMID: 34194672 PMCID: PMC8225516 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Polydactyly is a highly heterogeneous group of skeletal deformities in clinical and genetic background. The variation spectrum in Chinese sporadic polydactyly has not been comprehensively analyzed. To elucidate genetic variation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in Chinese patients with polydactyly, we conducted comprehensive genetic analysis of patients nationwide using targeted sequencing. Methods A total of 181 patients diagnosed with polydactylies were recruited. We designed a targeted capture panel for sequencing 721 genes that are associated with the pathogenesis of skeletal dysplasia. We performed rigorous variant- and gene-level filtrations to identify potentially damaging variants, followed by enrichment analysis and gene prioritization. Results A total of 568 deleterious variants of 293 genes were identified in 173 of 181 patients with a positive rate of 95.6% by targeted sequencing. For each sample, an average of 3.17 deleterious variants were identified. Especially, 14 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 10 genes in 14 patients out of the 181 patients, providing a positive molecular diagnostic rate of 7.7%. Conclusion Targeted sequencing analysis provides a high efficiency approach for the genetic diagnosis of polydactyly. This is the largest next generation sequencing study performed to date in patients with polydactyly and represents the genetic basis of polydactyly typically encountered in genetics clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Zu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yunlan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guoling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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5
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Bilal M, Ahmad W. A Frameshift Variant in KIAA0825 Causes Postaxial Polydactyly. Mol Syndromol 2020; 12:20-24. [PMID: 33776623 DOI: 10.1159/000512062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is characterized by counterproductive 5th digit (pinky finger) duplication on hands and/or feet which often leads to functional complications. To date, at least 11 genes involved in causing various types of nonsyndromic polydactylies have been reported. In the present study, a consanguineous family of Sindhi origin with a segregating nonsyndromic form of PAP in an autosomal recessive manner was clinically and genetically evaluated. Genotyping, using polymorphic microsatellite markers, established linkage in the family on chromosome 5q15 harboring the KIAA0825 gene (MIM 617266). Sequence analysis of the gene revealed a novel frameshift variant leading to a premature stop codon [c.143delG, p.(Cys48Serfs*28)]. This is only the 4th novel variant in the KIAA0825 gene that leads to PAP type A10 (PAPA10) (MIM 618498). Identification of variants in the PAP causative gene will support the diagnosis of patients with limb malformations in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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6
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Lin S, Tong K, Zhang G, Cao S, Zhong Z, Wang G. Clinical Characteristics and Distribution of Thumb Polydactyly in South China: A Retrospective Analysis of 483 Hands. J Hand Surg Am 2020; 45:938-946. [PMID: 32473835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was intended to characterize the epidemiological features of thumb polydactyly (TP) in South China. METHODS Clinical records were retrieved from 1 central hospital in South China to identify the patients with a definite diagnosis of TP from January 2004 to January 2017. The cases were classified by their x-ray appearance. The data collected included sex, age at first operation, reoperation, family history, unilateral/bilateral polydactyly, right/left hand involvement in unilateral cases, classification of polydactyly, and the presence of associated congenital anomalies. RESULTS A total of 428 patients with a definite diagnosis of TP were identified (278 males and 150 females) involving 483 cases, 373 unilateral and 55 bilateral. A syndrome or associated congenital anomaly was found in 26 (18 unilateral and 8 bilateral cases). A dominant thumb, larger and more developed, was observed in 448 hands (93%), and was the ulnar thumb in 433. Owing to postoperative complications, 31 thumbs (6.4%) underwent reoperation. The average interval from initial surgery to reoperation was 4.8 years. CONCLUSIONS Thumb polydactyly had a male predominance in this Chinese cohort, mostly occurring on the right hand with an ulnar dominant thumb. Bilateral cases had a higher incidence of associated anomaly and positive family history than unilateral cases. The need for additional surgery for TP might occur as late as 4.8 years after primary surgery. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Shenglu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
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7
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8
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Estrada-Cuzcano A, Etard C, Delvallée C, Stoetzel C, Schaefer E, Scheidecker S, Geoffroy V, Schneider A, Studer F, Mattioli F, Chennen K, Sigaudy S, Plassard D, Poch O, Piton A, Strahle U, Muller J, Dollfus H. Novel IQCE variations confirm its role in postaxial polydactyly and cause ciliary defect phenotype in zebrafish. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:240-254. [PMID: 31549751 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polydactyly is one of the most frequent inherited defects of the limbs characterized by supernumerary digits and high-genetic heterogeneity. Among the many genes involved, either in isolated or syndromic forms, eight have been implicated in postaxial polydactyly (PAP). Among those, IQCE has been recently identified in a single consanguineous family. Using whole-exome sequencing in patients with uncharacterized ciliopathies, including PAP, we identified three families with biallelic pathogenic variations in IQCE. Interestingly, the c.895_904del (p.Val301Serfs*8) was found in all families without sharing a common haplotype, suggesting a recurrent mechanism. Moreover, in two families, the systemic phenotype could be explained by additional pathogenic variants in known genes (TULP1, ATP6V1B1). RNA expression analysis on patients' fibroblasts confirms that the dysfunction of IQCE leads to the dysregulation of genes associated with the hedgehog-signaling pathway, and zebrafish experiments demonstrate a full spectrum of phenotypes linked to defective cilia: Body curvature, kidney cysts, left-right asymmetry, misdirected cilia in the pronephric duct, and retinal defects. In conclusion, we identified three additional families confirming IQCE as a nonsyndromic PAP gene. Our data emphasize the importance of taking into account the complete set of variations of each individual, as each clinical presentation could finally be explained by multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada-Cuzcano
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christelle Etard
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Clarisse Delvallée
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Scheidecker
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Schneider
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fouzia Studer
- Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique, CARGO, Filière SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Francesca Mattioli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Kirsley Chennen
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube UMR 7357, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - Olivier Poch
- Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube UMR 7357, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Uwe Strahle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique, CARGO, Filière SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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9
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Zhao X, Xu H, Liu X, Li L. Targeted exome sequencing reveals a novel
GLI3
mutation in a Chinese family with nonsyndromic polydactyly. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:942-947. [PMID: 31306531 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhao
- Department of Medical GeneticsLinyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong Province China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Medical GeneticsLinyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong Province China
| | - Xiaxia Liu
- Department of Medical GeneticsLinyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong Province China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical GeneticsLinyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong Province China
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10
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Umair M, Bilal M, Ali RH, Alhaddad B, Ahmad F, Abdullah, Haack TB, Alfadhel M, Ansar M, Meitinger T, Ahmad W. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a nonsense mutation in
STKLD1
causing non‐syndromic pre‐axial polydactyly type A affecting only upper limb. Clin Genet 2019; 96:134-139. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health ScienceMinistry of National Guard‐Health Affairs (MNGHA) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of BiochemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Institute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitat Munchen Munchen Germany
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of BiochemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Raja H. Ali
- Department of BiochemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Division of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Bader Alhaddad
- Institute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitat Munchen Munchen Germany
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of BiochemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of BiochemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitat Munchen Munchen Germany
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health ScienceMinistry of National Guard‐Health Affairs (MNGHA) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Division of Genetics, Department of PediatricsKing Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of BiochemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universitat Munchen Munchen Germany
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of BiochemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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11
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Ullah I, Kakar N, Schrauwen I, Hussain S, Chakchouk I, Liaqat K, Acharya A, Wasif N, Santos-Cortez RLP, Khan S, Aziz A, Lee K, Couthouis J, Horn D, Kragesteen BK, Spielmann M, Thiele H, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Gitler AD, Ahmad J, Ansar M, Borck G, Ahmad W, Leal SM. Variants in KIAA0825 underlie autosomal recessive postaxial polydactyly. Hum Genet 2019; 138:593-600. [PMID: 30982135 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is a common limb malformation that often leads to cosmetic and functional complications. Molecular evaluation of polydactyly can serve as a tool to elucidate genetic and signaling pathways that regulate limb development, specifically, the anterior-posterior specification of the limb. To date, only five genes have been identified for nonsyndromic PAP: FAM92A, GLI1, GLI3, IQCE and ZNF141. In this study, two Pakistani multiplex consanguineous families with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic PAP were clinically and molecularly evaluated. From both pedigrees, a DNA sample from an affected member underwent exome sequencing. In each family, we identified a segregating frameshift (c.591dupA [p.(Q198Tfs*21)]) and nonsense variant (c.2173A > T [p.(K725*)]) in KIAA0825 (also known as C5orf36). Although KIAA0825 encodes a protein of unknown function, it has been demonstrated that its murine ortholog is expressed during limb development. Our data contribute to the establishment of a catalog of genes important in limb patterning, which can aid in diagnosis and obtaining a better understanding of the biology of polydactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naseebullah Kakar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shabir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Imen Chakchouk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Khurram Liaqat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Naveed Wasif
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Pakistan
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Julien Couthouis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bjørt K Kragesteen
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Universitat zu Koln, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Sex-associated preventive effects of low-dose aspirin on obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mouse offspring with over-nutrition in utero. J Transl Med 2019; 99:244-259. [PMID: 30413815 PMCID: PMC6354253 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin has been found to diminish hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in both obese rodents and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to test whether low-dose aspirin can prevent obesity and the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-risk subjects. We used offspring mice with maternal over-nutrition as a high-risk model of obesity and NAFLD. The offspring were given postnatal HF-diet and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce obesity and NAFLD, and were treated with or without a low dose of aspirin for 12 weeks (ASP or CTL groups). Aspirin treatment reduced body weight gain, reversed glucose intolerance, and depressed hepatic lipid accumulation in female, but not in male mice. Female mice displayed re-sensitized insulin/Akt signaling and overactivated AMPK signaling, with enhanced level of hepatic PPAR-γ, Glut4, and Glut2, while male mice only enhanced hepatic PPAR-α and PPAR-γ levels. The female ASP mice had inhibited p44/42 MAPK activity and enhanced Pten expression, while male displayed activated p38 MAPK signaling. Furthermore, the female but not the male ASP mice reduced Wnt-signaling activity via both the epigenetic regulation of Apc expression and the post-transcriptional regulation of β-catenin degradation. In summary, our study demonstrates a sex-associated effect of low-dose aspirin on obesity and NAFLD prevention in female but not in male mice.
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Umair M, Ahmad F, Bilal M, Ahmad W, Alfadhel M. Clinical Genetics of Polydactyly: An Updated Review. Front Genet 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 30459804 PMCID: PMC6232527 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydactyly, also known as hyperdactyly or hexadactyly is the most common hereditary limb anomaly characterized by extra fingers or toes, with various associated morphologic phenotypes as part of a syndrome (syndromic polydactyly) or may occur as a separate event (non-syndromic polydactyly). Broadly, the non-syndromic polydactyly has been classified into three types, i.e.; preaxial polydactyly (radial), central polydactyly (axial), and postaxial polydactyly (ulnar). Mostly inherited as an autosomal dominant entity with variable penetrance and caused by defects that occur in the anterior-posterior patterning of limb development. In humans, to-date at least 10 loci and six genes causing non-syndromic polydactyly have been identified, including the ZNF141, GLI3, MIPOL1, IQCE, PITX1, and the GLI1. In the present review, clinical, genetic and molecular characterization of the polydactyly types has been presented including the recent genes and loci identified for non-syndromic polydactyly. This review provides an overview of the complex genetic mechanism underlie polydactyly and might help in genetic counseling and quick molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Umair M, Shah K, Alhaddad B, Haack TB, Graf E, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Ahmad W. Exome sequencing revealed a splice site variant in the IQCE gene underlying post-axial polydactyly type A restricted to lower limb. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:960-965. [PMID: 28488682 PMCID: PMC5567151 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydactyly is characterized by an extra supernumerary digit/toe with or without bony element. To date variants in four genes GLI3, ZNF141, MIPOL1 and PITX1 have been implicated in developing non-syndromic form of polydactyly. The present study involved characterization of large consanguineous family of Pakistani origin segregating post-axial polydactyly type A, restricted to lower limb, in autosomal recessive pattern. DNA of two affected members in the family was subjected to exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was then followed to validate segregation of the variants in the family members. A homozygous splice acceptor site variant (c.395-1G>A) was identified in the IQCE gene, which completely co-segregated with post-axial polydactyly phenotype within the family. The homozygous variant was absent in different public variant databases, 7000 in-house exomes, 130 exomes from unrelated Pakistani individuals and 215 ethnically matched controls. Mini-gene splicing assay was used to test effect of the variant on function of the gene. The assay revealed loss of first nucleotide of exon 6, producing a -1 frameshift and a premature stop codon 22 bases downstream of the variant (p.Gly132Valfs*22). The study provided the first evidence of involvement of the IQCE gene in limbs development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Khadim Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bader Alhaddad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Complex postaxial polydactyly types A and B with camptodactyly, hypoplastic third toe, zygodactyly and other digit anomalies caused by a novel GLI3 mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:268-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xiang Y, Jiang L, Wang B, Xu Y, Cai H, Fu Q. Mutational screening of GLI3, SHH, preZRS, and ZRS in 102 Chinese children with nonsyndromic polydactyly. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:392-402. [PMID: 28127823 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydactyly is a group of congenital limb malformations that show high degree of phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. RESULTS In the present study, four genomic regions (exons of GLI3, SHH, and noncoding sequences of preZRS and ZRS) involved in hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway were sequenced for 102 unrelated Chinese children with nonsyndromic polydactyly. Two GLI3 variants (c.2844 G > G/A; c.1486C > C/T) and four preZRS variants (chr7:156585336 A>G; chr7:156585421 C>A; chr7: 156585247 G>C; chr7:156585420 A > C) were observed in 2(2.0%) and 6(5.9%) patients, respectively. These variants are not over-represented in the Chinese healthy population. All the 8 cases showed preaxial polydactyly in hands. Additionally, no specific patterns of malformation predicted mutations in other candidate genes or sequences. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the assessment of the frequency of GLI3/SHH/preZRS/ZRS in Chinese patients to show any higher possibility of mutations or variants for the 4 genes or sequences in China. Developmental Dynamics 246:392-402, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Limin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yunlan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Xiang Y, Bian J, Wang Z, Xu Y, Fu Q. Clinical study of 459 polydactyly cases in China, 2010 to 2014. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016; 56:226-32. [PMID: 26953323 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polydactyly is one of the most common hereditary limb malformations, involving additional digits on the hands and/or feet, which is a very attractive model to appreciate clinical and genetic heterogeneity. A high level of heterogeneity in polydactyly has been identified in different regions. However, such data of the medical literatures for Asian populations are relatively limited. This study was intended to shed light on the phenotypic manifestations of polydactyly in the recruited Chinese population and to characterize the medical literature on this condition. A total of 459 well-characterized polydactyly cases from Shanghai Children's Medical Center were recruited. Their phenotypes, inheritance patterns, and clinical heterogeneity were obtained from clinical medical records. It was found that 4.8% of cases were familial and 95.2% were sporadic. The proportions of preaxial and postaxial polydactyly types were 74.7% and 25.3%, respectively. In preaxial polydactyly, type I formed the overwhelming majority (95.9%). Among the postaxial polydactyly cases, type A was most prevalent at 69.8% and type B was witnessed in 30.2% of cases. Familial and sporadic polydactyly patients mainly had unilateral presentations. A total of 583 limbs with additional digits were recorded in the 459 subjects. Upper limb involvement was more common than lower, and right hand involvement was more common than left for preaxial polydactyly, and lower limb involvement was more common than upper in postaxial polydactyly. This cohort added useful clinical/epidemiological information to the polydactyly literature in the Chinese population and highlighted its marked clinical heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingxia Bian
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yunlan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Abstract
Polydactyly is one of the most common inherited limb abnormalities, characterised by supernumerary fingers or toes. It results from disturbances in the normal programme of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb, with diverse aetiology and variable inter- and intra-familial clinical features. Polydactyly can occur as an isolated disorder (non-syndromic polydactyly) or as a part of an anomaly syndrome (syndromic polydactyly). On the basis of the anatomic location of the duplicated digits, non-syndromic polydactyly is divided into three kinds, including preaxial polydactyly, axial polydactyly and postaxial polydactyly. Non-syndromic polydactyly frequently exhibits an autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance. To date, in human, at least ten loci and four disease-causing genes, including the GLI3 gene, the ZNF141 gene, the MIPOL1 gene and the PITX1 gene, have been identified. In this paper, we review clinical features of non-syndromic polydactyly and summarise the recent progress in the molecular genetics, including loci and genes that are responsible for the disorder, the signalling pathways that these genetic factors are involved in, as well as animal models of the disorder. These progresses will improve our understanding of the complex disorder and have implications on genetic counselling such as prenatal diagnosis.
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Ullah S, Dasti JI, Malik S. Descriptive epidemiology of hereditary musculoskeletal and limb defects in the isolated population of Chitral, North-West Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:1047-52. [PMID: 26648984 PMCID: PMC4641253 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.315.7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Musculoskeletal and limb defects (MLDs) are the major categories in hereditary anomalies and are a significant source of the disabilities. This study aimed at elucidating the nature and pattern of MLDs prevalent in Chitral district, which is an isolated population in the North-West of Pakistan. METHODS A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Chitral and subjects/families with MLDs were ascertained from public places, hospitals and door-to-door visits. The phenotypic manifestations, expressivity, sporadic/familial presentations, isolated/syndromic nature, inheritance pattern, and socio-demographic attributes, of MLDs were observed. RESULTS A total of 153 independent subjects/families with certain types of MLDs were recruited. The MLDs were classified into 9 major and 22 minor entities. In this cohort, polydactyly was observed to be overwhelmingly common (71%), followed by syndactyly and absence limb deformities. The majority of the cases (78%) had sporadic nature, 93% anomalies had isolated presentations; upper limbs were more commonly affected than the lower limbs; and unilateral cases were twice in ratio than bilateral. The majority of the malformations had milder phenotypes, however, 17% of the MLDs were severe in nature and resulted in certain types of disability, compromising the normal life of the subject. CONCLUSION This research witnesses a distinctive pattern of MLDs in Chitral, which has not been reported for any other population of Pakistan so far. Further studies are required to observe the molecular etiologies of these malformations and to offer rapid diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Saif Ullah, Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javid Iqbal Dasti
- Javid Iqbal Dasti, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Malik
- Sajid Malik, Human Genetics Program, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
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Jabeen N, Malik S. Prevalence and pattern of traumatic limb amputations in female population of Bhimber District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:54-9. [PMID: 25878614 PMCID: PMC4386157 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.311.6423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Traumatic limb amputations (TLA) are structural defects that cause mild-to-severe disabilities and have significant impact on the quality of life of subjects. A recent epidemiological study in Bhimber District, AJK, Pakistan, revealed that TLA had a very high incidence among the young/adult females. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern, causes and risk factors associated with TLA in that female sample. Methods: In a prospective door-to-door survey, 1731 females were randomly enrolled, and clinico-etiological investigations on 19 subjects with TLA were carried out in a follow-up study. Affected subjects were physically examined and phenotypic detail and restriction to normal function were documented. Results: There were 19 subjects with TLA, hence the prevalence was estimated to be 10.98/1,000 (0.011%; CI=0.0061-0.0159). TLA mostly involved the upper limbs and right hand. Transphalangeal amputations were most frequent, followed by involvements of middle/upper arm and leg segments. These analyses further revealed that agriculture tools were the leading cause of trauma. TLA were witnessed to be higher in subjects originating from Samahni tehsil (OR:2.71), rural areas (OR:3.33), those who were illiterate (OR:2.65), married, spoke Pahari language (OR:1.73), those who fall in higher age category (OR:16.74), and had certain professions. Conclusion: Limb amputations had heavy bearings on the lives of subjects. Curiously, majority of these traumas could be avoided by adopting certain safety measures. Prevalence and risk estimate of TLA across various socio-demographic variables of Bhimber population would be useful in guiding further studies and the public health policy to mitigate the impact of these anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Jabeen
- Nazish Jabeen, Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad
| | - Sajid Malik
- Sajid Malik, Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad
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Malik S. Polydactyly: phenotypes, genetics and classification. Clin Genet 2013; 85:203-12. [PMID: 24020795 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polydactyly is one of the most common hereditary limb malformations featuring additional digits in hands and/or feet. It constituted the highest proportion among the congenital limb defects in various epidemiological surveys. Polydactyly, primarily presenting as an additional pre-axial or post-axial digit of autopod, is a highly heterogeneous condition and depicts broad inter- and intra-familial clinical variability. There is a plethora of polydactyly classification methods reported in the medical literature which approach the heterogeneity in polydactyly in various ways. In this communication, well-characterized, non-syndromic polydactylies in humans are reviewed. The cardinal features, phenotypic variability and molecular advances of each type have been presented. Polydactyly at cellular and developmental levels is mainly a failure in the control of digit number. Interestingly, GLI3 and SHH (ZRS/SHH enhancer), two antagonistic factors known to modulate digit number and identity during development, have also been implicated in polydactyly. Mutations in GLI3 and ZRS/SHH cause overlapping polydactyly phenotypes highlighting shared molecular cascades in the etiology of additional digits, and thus suggesting the lumping of at least six distinct polydactyly entities. However, owing to the extreme phenotypic and clinical heterogeneity witnessed in polydactyly a substantial genetic heterogeneity is expected across different populations and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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