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Monteil A, Guérineau NC, Gil-Nagel A, Parra-Diaz P, Lory P, Senatore A. New insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of the atypical sodium leak channel NALCN. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:399-472. [PMID: 37615954 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell excitability and its modulation by hormones and neurotransmitters involve the concerted action of a large repertoire of membrane proteins, especially ion channels. Unique complements of coexpressed ion channels are exquisitely balanced against each other in different excitable cell types, establishing distinct electrical properties that are tailored for diverse physiological contributions, and dysfunction of any component may induce a disease state. A crucial parameter controlling cell excitability is the resting membrane potential (RMP) set by extra- and intracellular concentrations of ions, mainly Na+, K+, and Cl-, and their passive permeation across the cell membrane through leak ion channels. Indeed, dysregulation of RMP causes significant effects on cellular excitability. This review describes the molecular and physiological properties of the Na+ leak channel NALCN, which associates with its accessory subunits UNC-79, UNC-80, and NLF-1/FAM155 to conduct depolarizing background Na+ currents in various excitable cell types, especially neurons. Studies of animal models clearly demonstrate that NALCN contributes to fundamental physiological processes in the nervous system including the control of respiratory rhythm, circadian rhythm, sleep, and locomotor behavior. Furthermore, dysfunction of NALCN and its subunits is associated with severe pathological states in humans. The critical involvement of NALCN in physiology is now well established, but its study has been hampered by the lack of specific drugs that can block or agonize NALCN currents in vitro and in vivo. Molecular tools and animal models are now available to accelerate our understanding of how NALCN contributes to key physiological functions and the development of novel therapies for NALCN channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Monteil
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics," Montpellier, France
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathalie C Guérineau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics," Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Parra-Diaz
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Lory
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics," Montpellier, France
| | - Adriano Senatore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Keefe F, Monzón-Sandoval J, Rosser AE, Webber C, Li M. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Conserved Regulatory Networks in Human and Mouse Interneuron Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8122. [PMID: 37175835 PMCID: PMC10179417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory GABAergic interneurons originate in the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and control network activity in the neocortex. Dysfunction of these cells is believed to lead to runaway excitation underlying seizure-based neurological disorders such as epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia. Despite their importance in heath and disease, our knowledge about the development of this diverse neuronal population remains incomplete. Here we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of human foetal MGE from 10 to 15 weeks post conception. These MGE tissues are composed of largely cycling progenitors and immature post-mitotic interneurons with characteristic regional marker expression. Analysis of integrated human and mouse MGE data revealed species-conserved transcriptomic profiles and regulatory programs. Moreover, we identified novel candidate transcription regulators for human interneuron differentiation. These findings provide a framework for in vitro modelling of interneuron development and a strategy for potentially enhancing interneuron production from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Keefe
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | | | - Anne E. Rosser
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Meng Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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3
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Singh P, Agrawal N, Maurya RK, Moirangthem A. Novel variant c.1838A>G, p.(Gln613Arg) in NALCNcauses camptodactyly and cognitive delay. Clin Dysmorphol 2022; 31:206-210. [PMID: 36094358 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parshw Singh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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García-Hernández JL, Corchete LA, Marcos-Alcalde Í, Gómez-Puertas P, Fons C, Lazo PA. Pathogenic convergence of CNVs in genes functionally associated to a severe neuromotor developmental delay syndrome. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:11. [PMID: 33557955 PMCID: PMC7871650 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex developmental encephalopathy syndromes might be the consequence of unknown genetic alterations that are likely to contribute to the full neurological phenotype as a consequence of pathogenic gene combinations. METHODS To identify the additional genetic contribution to the neurological phenotype, we studied as a test case a boy, with a KCNQ2 exon-7 partial duplication, by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray to detect copy-number variations (CNVs). RESULTS The proband presented a cerebral palsy like syndrome with a severe motor and developmental encephalopathy. The SNP array analysis detected in the proband several de novo CNVs, nine partial gene losses (LRRC55, PCDH9, NALCN, RYR3, ELAVL2, CDH13, ATP1A2, SLC17A5, ANO3), and two partial gene duplications (PCDH19, EFNA5). The biological functions of these genes are associated with ion channels such as calcium, chloride, sodium, and potassium with several membrane proteins implicated in neural cell-cell interactions, synaptic transmission, and axon guidance. Pathogenically, these functions can be associated to cerebral palsy, seizures, dystonia, epileptic crisis, and motor neuron dysfunction, all present in the patient. CONCLUSIONS Severe motor and developmental encephalopathy syndromes of unknown origin can be the result of a phenotypic convergence by combination of several genetic alterations in genes whose physiological function contributes to the neurological pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L García-Hernández
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis A Corchete
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Cancer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Íñigo Marcos-Alcalde
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.,Biosciences Research Institute, School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulino Gómez-Puertas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fons
- Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pedro A Lazo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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5
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Kang Y, Wu JX, Chen L. Structure of voltage-modulated sodium-selective NALCN-FAM155A channel complex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6199. [PMID: 33273469 PMCID: PMC7712781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting membrane potential determines the excitability of the cell and is essential for the cellular electrical activities. The NALCN channel mediates sodium leak currents, which positively adjust resting membrane potential towards depolarization. The NALCN channel is involved in several neurological processes and has been implicated in a spectrum of neurodevelopmental diseases. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of rat NALCN and mouse FAM155A complex to 2.7 Å resolution. The structure reveals detailed interactions between NALCN and the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of FAM155A. We find that the non-canonical architecture of NALCN selectivity filter dictates its sodium selectivity and calcium block, and that the asymmetric arrangement of two functional voltage sensors confers the modulation by membrane potential. Moreover, mutations associated with human diseases map to the domain-domain interfaces or the pore domain of NALCN, intuitively suggesting their pathological mechanisms. The NALCN channel mediates sodium leak currents, which in turn adjusts resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability. Here the authors describe a cryo-EM structure of mammalian NALCN-FAM155A channel complex, showing how selectivity filter contributes to sodium permeation and calcium block and how the voltage sensors contribute to current modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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6
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Clinical and Genetic Overview of Paroxysmal Movement Disorders and Episodic Ataxias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103603. [PMID: 32443735 PMCID: PMC7279391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal movement disorders (PMDs) are rare neurological diseases typically manifesting with intermittent attacks of abnormal involuntary movements. Two main categories of PMDs are recognized based on the phenomenology: Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxDs) are characterized by transient episodes hyperkinetic movement disorders, while attacks of cerebellar dysfunction are the hallmark of episodic ataxias (EAs). From an etiological point of view, both primary (genetic) and secondary (acquired) causes of PMDs are known. Recognition and diagnosis of PMDs is based on personal and familial medical history, physical examination, detailed reconstruction of ictal phenomenology, neuroimaging, and genetic analysis. Neurophysiological or laboratory tests are reserved for selected cases. Genetic knowledge of PMDs has been largely incremented by the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies. The wide number of genes involved in the pathogenesis of PMDs reflects a high complexity of molecular bases of neurotransmission in cerebellar and basal ganglia circuits. In consideration of the broad genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, a NGS approach by targeted panel for movement disorders, clinical or whole exome sequencing should be preferred, whenever possible, to a single gene approach, in order to increase diagnostic rate. This review is focused on clinical and genetic features of PMDs with the aim to (1) help clinicians to recognize, diagnose and treat patients with PMDs as well as to (2) provide an overview of genes and molecular mechanisms underlying these intriguing neurogenetic disorders.
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7
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Al-Naama N, Mackeh R, Kino T. C 2H 2-Type Zinc Finger Proteins in Brain Development, Neurodevelopmental, and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Systematic Literature-Based Analysis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:32. [PMID: 32117005 PMCID: PMC7034409 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are multifaceted pathologic conditions manifested with intellectual disability, autistic features, psychiatric problems, motor dysfunction, and/or genetic/chromosomal abnormalities. They are associated with skewed neurogenesis and brain development, in part through dysfunction of the neural stem cells (NSCs) where abnormal transcriptional regulation on key genes play significant roles. Recent accumulated evidence highlights C2H2-type zinc finger proteins (C2H2-ZNFs), the largest transcription factor family in humans, as important targets for the pathologic processes associated with NDDs. In this review, we identified their significant accumulation (74 C2H2-ZNFs: ~10% of all human member proteins) in brain physiology and pathology. Specifically, we discuss their physiologic contribution to brain development, particularly focusing on their actions in NSCs. We then explain their pathologic implications in various forms of NDDs, such as morphological brain abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, and psychiatric disorders. We found an important tendency that poly-ZNFs and KRAB-ZNFs tend to be involved in the diseases that compromise gross brain structure and human-specific higher-order functions, respectively. This may be consistent with their characteristic appearance in the course of species evolution and corresponding contribution to these brain activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njoud Al-Naama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rafah Mackeh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tomoshige Kino
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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8
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Bouasse M, Impheng H, Servant Z, Lory P, Monteil A. Functional expression of CLIFAHDD and IHPRF pathogenic variants of the NALCN channel in neuronal cells reveals both gain- and loss-of-function properties. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11791. [PMID: 31409833 PMCID: PMC6692409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitability of neurons is tightly dependent on their ion channel repertoire. Among these channels, the leak sodium channel NALCN plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential. Importantly, NALCN mutations lead to complex neurodevelopmental syndromes, including infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies (IHPRF) and congenital contractures of limbs and face, hypotonia and developmental delay (CLIFAHDD), which are recessively and dominantly inherited, respectively. Unfortunately, the biophysical properties of NALCN are still largely unknown to date, as well as the functional consequences of both IHPRF and CLIFAHDD mutations on NALCN current. Here we have set-up the heterologous expression of NALCN in the neuronal cell line NG108-15 to investigate the electrophysiological properties of NALCN carrying representative IHPRF and CLIFAHDD mutations. Several original properties of the wild-type (wt) NALCN current were retrieved: mainly carried by external Na+, blocked by Gd3+, insensitive to TTX and potentiated by low external Ca2+ concentration. However, we found that this current displays a time-dependent inactivation in the −80/−40 mV range of membrane potential, and a non linear current-voltage relationship indicative of voltage sensitivity. Importantly, no detectable current was recorded with the IHPRF missense mutation p.Trp1287Leu (W1287L), while the CLIFAHDD mutants, p.Leu509Ser (L509S) and p.Tyr578Ser (Y578S), showed higher current densities and slower inactivation, compared to wt NALCN current. This study reveals that heterologous expression of NALCN channel can be achieved in the neuronal cell line NG108-15 to study the electrophysiological properties of wt and mutants. From our results, we conclude that IHPRF and CLIFAHDD missense mutations are loss- and gain-of-function variants, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bouasse
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Hathaichanok Impheng
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Zoe Servant
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lory
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France.
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9
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Bramswig NC, Bertoli-Avella AM, Albrecht B, Al Aqeel AI, Alhashem A, Al-Sannaa N, Bah M, Bröhl K, Depienne C, Dorison N, Doummar D, Ehmke N, Elbendary HM, Gorokhova S, Héron D, Horn D, James K, Keren B, Kuechler A, Ismail S, Issa MY, Marey I, Mayer M, McEvoy-Venneri J, Megarbane A, Mignot C, Mohamed S, Nava C, Philip N, Ravix C, Rolfs A, Sadek AA, Segebrecht L, Stanley V, Trautman C, Valence S, Villard L, Wieland T, Engels H, Strom TM, Zaki MS, Gleeson JG, Lüdecke HJ, Bauer P, Wieczorek D. Genetic variants in components of the NALCN-UNC80-UNC79 ion channel complex cause a broad clinical phenotype (NALCN channelopathies). Hum Genet 2018; 137:753-768. [PMID: 30167850 PMCID: PMC6671679 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NALCN is a conserved cation channel, which conducts a permanent sodium leak current and regulates resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability. It is part of a large ion channel complex, the "NALCN channelosome", consisting of multiple proteins including UNC80 and UNC79. The predominant neuronal expression pattern and its function suggest an important role in neuronal function and disease. So far, biallelic NALCN and UNC80 variants have been described in a small number of individuals leading to infantile hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, and characteristic facies 1 (IHPRF1, OMIM 615419) and 2 (IHPRF2, OMIM 616801), respectively. Heterozygous de novo NALCN missense variants in the S5/S6 pore-forming segments lead to congenital contractures of the limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay (CLIFAHDD, OMIM 616266) with some clinical overlap. In this study, we present detailed clinical information of 16 novel individuals with biallelic NALCN variants, 1 individual with a heterozygous de novo NALCN missense variant and an interesting clinical phenotype without contractures, and 12 individuals with biallelic UNC80 variants. We report for the first time a missense NALCN variant located in the predicted S6 pore-forming unit inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner leading to mild IHPRF1. We show evidence of clinical variability, especially among IHPRF1-affected individuals, and discuss differences between the IHPRF1- and IHPRF2 phenotypes. In summary, we provide a comprehensive overview of IHPRF1 and IHPRF2 phenotypes based on the largest cohort of individuals reported so far and provide additional insights into the clinical phenotypes of these neurodevelopmental diseases to help improve counseling of affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria C Bramswig
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Beate Albrecht
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Aida I Al Aqeel
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouriya Al-Sannaa
- John Hopkins Aramco Health Care, Pediatric Services, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maissa Bah
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique sorbonne Université "Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme", Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Katharina Bröhl
- Internal Medicine Department, Waldkrankenhaus Evangelical Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, and Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Dorison
- Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Diane Doummar
- AP-HP, Département de neuropédiatrie, GHUEP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Nadja Ehmke
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hasnaa M Elbendary
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Svetlana Gorokhova
- Département de Génétique Médicale, APHM, CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique sorbonne Université "Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme", Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiely James
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Boris Keren
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique sorbonne Université "Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme", Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Samira Ismail
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Y Issa
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Isabelle Marey
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique sorbonne Université "Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme", Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Mayer
- AP-HP, Département de neuropédiatrie, GHUEP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer McEvoy-Venneri
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andre Megarbane
- CEMEDIPP-Centre Medico Psychopedagogique, Beirut, Lebanon
- Institut Jerome Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique sorbonne Université "Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme", Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sarar Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Abdullah bin Khaled Coeliac Disease Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caroline Nava
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique sorbonne Université "Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme", Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, and Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Philip
- Département de Génétique Médicale, APHM, CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Cecile Ravix
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- CENTOGENE AG, The Rare Disease Company, Rostock, Germany
- Albrecht Kossel Institute, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Abdelrahim Abdrabou Sadek
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohâg, Egypt
| | - Lara Segebrecht
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Camille Trautman
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephanie Valence
- AP-HP, Département de neuropédiatrie, GHUEP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Villard
- Département de Génétique Médicale, APHM, CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hermann-Josef Lüdecke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- CENTOGENE AG, The Rare Disease Company, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Egan JM, Peterson CA, Fry WM. Lack of current observed in HEK293 cells expressing NALCN channels. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2018; 6:24-28. [PMID: 29892559 PMCID: PMC5991895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sodium leak channel NALCN is poorly understood, but is reported as a Na+-permeable, nonselective cation leak channel which regulates resting membrane potential and electrical excitability. Previous work has indicated that NALCN currents can be stimulated by activation of several G protein coupled receptors, including the M3 muscarinic receptor. We undertook a study using voltage clamp electrophysiology to investigate NALCN currents. We compared currents elicited from untransfected control HEK239 cells in response to M3R agonists muscarine or Oxotremorine M to currents elicited from cells transfected with M3R only or the M3R plus NALCN and cDNA encoding accessory proteins UNC-80 and Src. Currents with similar properties were observed in all three groups of cells in response to muscarine agonists, in similar proportions of cells tested, from all three groups of cells. Our findings do not support previous electrophysiological studies suggesting that heterologously expressed NALCN functions as a Na+ leak channel in HEK293 cells. More research will be required to determine the molecular requirements for successful expression of the NALCN channel. NALCN (sodium leak channel, non-selective) is a poorly understood ion channel. Several reports indicate that NALCN current can be recorded from transfected cells. Conflicting reports indicate NALCN currents are simply leaky patch clamp seals. We were unable to record currents attributable to NALCN in transfected HEK293 cells. Our experiments suggest that NALCN does not form channels in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Egan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Colleen A Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - W Mark Fry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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11
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Topalidou I, Cooper K, Pereira L, Ailion M. Dopamine negatively modulates the NCA ion channels in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007032. [PMID: 28968387 PMCID: PMC5638609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NALCN/NCA ion channel is a cation channel related to voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. NALCN has been reported to be a sodium leak channel with a conserved role in establishing neuronal resting membrane potential, but its precise cellular role and regulation are unclear. The Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs of NALCN, NCA-1 and NCA-2, act in premotor interneurons to regulate motor circuit activity that sustains locomotion. Recently we found that NCA-1 and NCA-2 are activated by a signal transduction pathway acting downstream of the heterotrimeric G protein Gq and the small GTPase Rho. Through a forward genetic screen, here we identify the GPCR kinase GRK-2 as a new player affecting signaling through the Gq-Rho-NCA pathway. Using structure-function analysis, we find that the GPCR phosphorylation and membrane association domains of GRK-2 are required for its function. Genetic epistasis experiments suggest that GRK-2 acts on the D2-like dopamine receptor DOP-3 to inhibit Go signaling and positively modulate NCA-1 and NCA-2 activity. Through cell-specific rescuing experiments, we find that GRK-2 and DOP-3 act in premotor interneurons to modulate NCA channel function. Finally, we demonstrate that dopamine, through DOP-3, negatively regulates NCA activity. Thus, this study identifies a pathway by which dopamine modulates the activity of the NCA channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Topalidou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IT); (MA)
| | - Kirsten Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Laura Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Ailion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IT); (MA)
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12
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The NCA-1 and NCA-2 Ion Channels Function Downstream of G q and Rho To Regulate Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2017; 206:265-282. [PMID: 28325749 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.198820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterotrimeric G protein Gq positively regulates neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. Previously, the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio was identified as a direct effector of Gq that acts in parallel to the canonical Gq effector phospholipase C. Here, we examine how Trio and Rho act to stimulate neuronal activity downstream of Gq in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Through two forward genetic screens, we identify the cation channels NCA-1 and NCA-2, orthologs of mammalian NALCN, as downstream targets of the Gq-Rho pathway. By performing genetic epistasis analysis using dominant activating mutations and recessive loss-of-function mutations in the members of this pathway, we show that NCA-1 and NCA-2 act downstream of Gq in a linear pathway. Through cell-specific rescue experiments, we show that function of these channels in head acetylcholine neurons is sufficient for normal locomotion in C. elegans Our results suggest that NCA-1 and NCA-2 are physiologically relevant targets of neuronal Gq-Rho signaling in C. elegans.
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