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Alexander MS, Velinov M. DOCK3-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Clinical Features and Molecular Basis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1940. [PMID: 37895289 PMCID: PMC10606569 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein product of DOCK3 is highly expressed in neurons and has a role in cell adhesion and neuronal outgrowth through its interaction with the actin cytoskeleton and key cell signaling molecules. The DOCK3 protein is essential for normal cell growth and migration. Biallelic variants in DOCK3 associated with complete or partial loss of function of the gene were recently reported in six patients with intellectual disability and muscle hypotonia. Only one of the reported patients had congenital malformations outside of the CNS. Further studies are necessary to better determine the prevalence of DOCK3-associated neurodevelopmental disorders and the frequency of non-CNS clinical manifestations in these patients. Since deficiency of the DOCK3 protein product is now an established pathway of this neurodevelopmental condition, supplementing the deficient gene product using a gene therapy approach may be an efficient treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Civitan International Research Center (CIRC), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Milen Velinov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Samani A, Karuppasamy M, English KG, Siler CA, Wang Y, Widrick JJ, Alexander MS. DOCK3 regulates normal skeletal muscle regeneration and glucose metabolism. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23198. [PMID: 37742307 PMCID: PMC10539028 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300386rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
DOCK (dedicator of cytokinesis) is an 11-member family of typical guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) expressed in the brain, spinal cord, and skeletal muscle. Several DOCK proteins have been implicated in maintaining several myogenic processes such as fusion. We previously identified DOCK3 as being strongly upregulated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), specifically in the skeletal muscles of DMD patients and dystrophic mice. Dock3 ubiquitous KO mice on the dystrophin-deficient background exacerbated skeletal muscle and cardiac phenotypes. We generated Dock3 conditional skeletal muscle knockout mice (Dock3 mKO) to characterize the role of DOCK3 protein exclusively in the adult muscle lineage. Dock3 mKO mice presented with significant hyperglycemia and increased fat mass, indicating a metabolic role in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health. Dock3 mKO mice had impaired muscle architecture, reduced locomotor activity, impaired myofiber regeneration, and metabolic dysfunction. We identified a novel DOCK3 interaction with SORBS1 through the C-terminal domain of DOCK3 that may account for its metabolic dysregulation. Together, these findings demonstrate an essential role for DOCK3 in skeletal muscle independent of DOCK3 function in neuronal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Samani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Katherine G. English
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Colin A. Siler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jeffrey J. Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
- Department of Genetics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- UAB Civitan International Research Center (CIRC), at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Liu H, Pan D, Li P, Wang D, Xia B, Zhang R, Lu J, Xing X, Du J, Zhang X, Jin L, Jiang L, Yao L, Li M, Wu J. Loss of ZBED6 Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Upregulating DOCK3-Mediated RAC1/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Pigs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302298. [PMID: 37551034 PMCID: PMC10582467 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced muscle atrophy often increases morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, yet neither therapeutic target nor optimal animal model is available for this disease. Here, by modifying the surgical strategy of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a novel sepsis pig model is created that for the first time recapitulates the whole course of sepsis in humans. With this model and sepsis patients, increased levels of the transcription factor zinc finger BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6) in skeletal muscle are shown. Protection against sepsis-induced muscle wasting in ZBED6-deficient pigs is further demonstrated. Mechanistically, integrated analysis of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq reveals dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3) as the direct target of ZBED6. In septic ZBED6-deficient pigs, DOCK3 expression is increased in skeletal muscle and myocytes, activating the RAC1/PI3K/AKT pathway and protecting against sepsis-induced muscle wasting. Conversely, opposite gene expression patterns and exacerbated muscle wasting are observed in septic ZBED6-overexpressing myotubes. Notably, sepsis patients show increased ZBED6 expression along with reduced DOCK3 and downregulated RAC1/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that ZBED6 is a potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced muscle atrophy, and the established sepsis pig model is a valuable tool for understanding sepsis pathogenesis and developing its therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalChengduSichuan610072China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityNo.569, Xinsi RoadXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing100193China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Ruixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Xiangyang Xing
- Chengdu Clonorgan Biotechnology Co. LTDChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Jiaxiang Du
- Chengdu Clonorgan Biotechnology Co. LTDChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing100193China
| | - Linong Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityNo.569, Xinsi RoadXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
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Namekata K, Tsuji N, Guo X, Nishijima E, Honda S, Kitamura Y, Yamasaki A, Kishida M, Takeyama J, Ishikawa H, Shinozaki Y, Kimura A, Harada C, Harada T. Neuroprotection and axon regeneration by novel low-molecular-weight compounds through the modification of DOCK3 conformation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:166. [PMID: 37188749 PMCID: PMC10184973 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3) is an atypical member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and plays important roles in neurite outgrowth. DOCK3 forms a complex with Engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (Elmo1) and effectively activates Rac1 and actin dynamics. In this study, we screened 462,169 low-molecular-weight compounds and identified the hit compounds that stimulate the interaction between DOCK3 and Elmo1, and neurite outgrowth in vitro. Some of the derivatives from the hit compound stimulated neuroprotection and axon regeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve injury. Our findings suggest that the low-molecular-weight DOCK3 activators could be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating axonal injury and neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuji
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Euido Nishijima
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sari Honda
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kitamura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Jun Takeyama
- Biological Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ishikawa
- Biological Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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Samani A, Karuppasamy M, English KG, Siler CA, Wang Y, Widrick JJ, Alexander MS. DOCK3 regulates normal skeletal muscle regeneration and glucose metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529576. [PMID: 36865261 PMCID: PMC9980075 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
DOCK (dedicator of cytokinesis) is an 11-member family of typical guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) expressed in the brain, spinal cord, and skeletal muscle. Several DOCK proteins have been implicated in maintaining several myogenic processes such as fusion. We previously identified DOCK3 as being strongly upregulated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), specifically in the skeletal muscles of DMD patients and dystrophic mice. Dock3 ubiquitous KO mice on the dystrophin-deficient background exacerbated skeletal muscle and cardiac phenotypes. We generated Dock3 conditional skeletal muscle knockout mice (Dock3 mKO) to characterize the role of DOCK3 protein exclusively in the adult muscle lineage. Dock3 mKO mice presented with significant hyperglycemia and increased fat mass, indicating a metabolic role in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health. Dock3 mKO mice had impaired muscle architecture, reduced locomotor activity, impaired myofiber regeneration, and metabolic dysfunction. We identified a novel DOCK3 interaction with SORBS1 through the C-terminal domain of DOCK3 that may account for its metabolic dysregulation. Together, these findings demonstrate an essential role for DOCK3 in skeletal muscle independent of DOCK3 function in neuronal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Samani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Katherine G. English
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Colin A. Siler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jeffrey J. Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
- Department of Genetics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- UAB Civitan International Research Center (CIRC), at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Key role of Rho GTPases in motor disorders associated with neurodevelopmental pathologies. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:118-126. [PMID: 35918397 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that Rho GTPases and molecules involved in their signaling pathways play a major role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Whole exome sequencing (WES) and de novo examination of mutations, including SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) in genes coding for the molecules of their signaling cascade, has allowed the recent discovery of dominant autosomic mutations and duplication or deletion of candidates in the field of neurodevelopmental diseases (NDD). Epidemiological studies show that the co-occurrence of several of these neurological pathologies may indeed be the rule. The regulators of Rho GTPases have often been considered for cognitive diseases such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism. But, in a remarkable way, mild to severe motor symptoms are now reported in autism and other cognitive NDD. Although a more abundant litterature reports the involvement of Rho GTPases and signaling partners in cognitive development, molecular investigations on their roles in central nervous system (CNS) development or degenerative CNS pathologies also reveal their role in embryonic and perinatal motor wiring through axon guidance and later in synaptic plasticity. Thus, Rho family small GTPases have been revealed to play a key role in brain functions including learning and memory but their precise role in motor development and associated symptoms in NDD has been poorly scoped so far, despite increasing clinical data highlighting the links between cognition and motor development. Indeed, early impairements in fine or gross motor performance is often an associated feature of NDDs, which then impact social communication, cognition, emotion, and behavior. We review here recent insights derived from clinical developmental neurobiology in the field of Rho GTPases and NDD (autism spectrum related disorder (ASD), ID, schizophrenia, hypotonia, spastic paraplegia, bipolar disorder and dyslexia), with a specific focus on genetic alterations affecting Rho GTPases that are involved in motor circuit development.
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Samani A, English KG, Lopez MA, Birch CL, Brown DM, Kaur G, Worthey EA, Alexander MS. DOCKopathies: A systematic review of the clinical pathologies associated with human DOCK pathogenic variants. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1149-1161. [PMID: 35544951 PMCID: PMC9357139 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Dedicator of Cytokinesis (DOCK) family (DOCK1-11) of genes are essential mediators of cellular migration, growth, and fusion in a variety of cell types and tissues. Recent advances in whole-genome sequencing of patients with undiagnosed genetic disorders have identified several rare pathogenic variants in DOCK genes. We conducted a systematic review and performed a patient database and literature search of reported DOCK pathogenic variants that have been identified in association with clinical pathologies such as global developmental delay, immune cell dysfunction, muscle hypotonia, and muscle ataxia among other categories. We then categorized these pathogenic DOCK variants and their associated clinical phenotypes under several unique categories: developmental, cardiovascular, metabolic, cognitive, or neuromuscular. Our systematic review of DOCK variants aims to identify and analyze potential DOCK-regulated networks associated with neuromuscular diseases and other disease pathologies, which may identify novel therapeutic strategies and targets. This systematic analysis and categorization of human-associated pathologies with DOCK pathogenic variants is the first report to the best of our knowledge for a unique class in this understudied gene family that has important implications in furthering personalized genomic medicine, clinical diagnoses, and improve targeted therapeutic outcomes across many clinical pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Samani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Katherine G. English
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Michael A. Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Camille L. Birch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Computational Genomics and Data Science at Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Donna M. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Computational Genomics and Data Science at Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Computational Genomics and Data Science at Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Elizabeth A. Worthey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Computational Genomics and Data Science at Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
- Department of Genetics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- UAB Civitan International Research Center (CIRC), at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Lange LM, Gonzalez-Latapi P, Rajalingam R, Tijssen MAJ, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Gabbert C, Ganos C, Ghosh R, Kumar KR, Lang AE, Rossi M, van der Veen S, van de Warrenburg B, Warner T, Lohmann K, Klein C, Marras C. Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force - An Update. Mov Disord 2022; 37:905-935. [PMID: 35481685 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the Movement Disorder Society Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders presented a new system for naming genetically determined movement disorders and provided a criterion-based list of confirmed monogenic movement disorders. Since then, a substantial number of novel disease-causing genes have been described, which warrant classification using this system. In addition, with this update, we further refined the system and propose dissolving the imaging-based categories of Primary Familial Brain Calcification and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation and reclassifying these genetic conditions according to their predominant phenotype. We also introduce the novel category of Mixed Movement Disorders (MxMD), which includes conditions linked to multiple equally prominent movement disorder phenotypes. In this article, we present updated lists of newly confirmed monogenic causes of movement disorders. We found a total of 89 different newly identified genes that warrant a prefix based on our criteria; 6 genes for parkinsonism, 21 for dystonia, 38 for dominant and recessive ataxia, 5 for chorea, 7 for myoclonus, 13 for spastic paraplegia, 3 for paroxysmal movement disorders, and 6 for mixed movement disorder phenotypes; 10 genes were linked to combined phenotypes and have been assigned two new prefixes. The updated lists represent a resource for clinicians and researchers alike and they have also been published on the website of the Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders on the homepage of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/About/Committees--Other-Groups/MDS-Task-Forces/Task-Force-on-Nomenclature-in-Movement-Disorders.htm). © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Lange
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rajasumi Rajalingam
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- UMCG Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolin Gabbert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rhia Ghosh
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Malco Rossi
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sterre van der Veen
- UMCG Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Warner
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Guilherme JPLF, Semenova EA, Borisov OV, Larin AK, Moreland E, Generozov EV, Ahmetov II. Genomic predictors of testosterone levels are associated with muscle fiber size and strength. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:415-423. [PMID: 34792618 PMCID: PMC8783862 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating testosterone levels are a heritable trait with anabolic properties in various tissues, including skeletal muscle. So far, hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with testosterone levels have been identified in nonathletic populations. The aim of the present study was to test the association of 822 testosterone-increasing SNPs with muscle-related traits (muscle fiber size, fat-free mass and handgrip strength) and to validate the identified SNPs in independent cohorts of strength and power athletes. METHODS One hundred and forty-eight physically active individuals (47 females, 101 males) were assessed for cross-sectional area (CSA) of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Significant SNPs were further assessed for fat-free mass and handgrip strength in > 354,000 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. The validation cohorts included Russian elite athletes. RESULTS From an initial panel of 822 SNPs, we identified five testosterone-increasing alleles (DOCK3 rs77031559 G, ESR1 rs190930099 G, GLIS3 rs34706136 TG, GRAMD1B rs850294 T, TRAIP rs62260729 C) nominally associated (P < 0.05) with CSA of fast-twitch muscle fibers, fat-free mass and handgrip strength. Based on these five SNPs, the number of testosterone-increasing alleles was positively associated with testosterone levels in male athletes (P = 0.048) and greater strength performance in weightlifters (P = 0.017). Moreover, the proportion of participants with ≥ 2 testosterone-increasing alleles was higher in power athletes compared to controls (68.9 vs. 55.6%; P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Testosterone-related SNPs are associated with muscle fiber size, fat-free mass and strength, which combined can partially contribute to a greater predisposition to strength/power sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo L F Guilherme
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey K Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ethan Moreland
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward V Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
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10
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Tran V, Goyette MA, Martínez-García M, Jiménez de Domingo A, Fernández-Mayoralas DM, Fernández-Perrone AL, Tirado P, Calleja-Pérez B, Álvarez S, Côté JF, Fernández-Jaén A. Biallelic ELMO3 mutations and loss of function for DOCK-mediated RAC1 activation result in intellectual disability. Small GTPases 2022; 13:48-55. [PMID: 33660564 PMCID: PMC9707537 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1888557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The engulfment and cell motility 3 (ELMO3) protein belongs to the ELMO-family of proteins. ELMO proteins form a tight complex with the DOCK1-5 guanine nucleotide exchange factors that regulate RAC1 spatiotemporal activation and signalling. DOCK proteins and RAC1 are known to have fundamental roles in central nervous system development. Here, we searched for homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ELMO3 gene in 390 whole exomes sequenced in trio in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders compatible with a genetic origin. We found a compound heterozygous mutation in ELMO3 (c.1153A>T, p.Ser385Cys and c.1009 G > A, p.Val337Ile) in a 5 year old male child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delay. These mutations did not interfere with the formation of an ELMO3/DOCK1 complex, but markedly impaired the ability of the complex to promote RAC1-GTP-loading. Consequently, cells expressing DOCK1 and either of the ELMO3 mutants displayed impaired migration and invasion. Collectively, our results suggest that biallelic loss-of-function mutations in ELMO3 may cause a developmental delay and provide new insight into the role of ELMO3 in neurodevelopmental as well as the pathological consequences of ELMO3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Tran
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université De Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Goyette
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada,Molecular Biology Programs, Université De Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Pilar Tirado
- Department of Pediatric Neurology. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid. Spain
| | | | - Sara Álvarez
- Department of Genomics and Medicine, NIMGenetics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université De Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Molecular Biology Programs, Université De Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatric Neurology. ónsalud. Madrid. Spain,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Medicine School. Universidad Europea De, Madrid, Spain,CONTACT Alberto Fernández-Jaén Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration Laboratory Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM)110 Avenue Des, Pins, Ouest, Canada
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11
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Benson CE, Southgate L. The DOCK protein family in vascular development and disease. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:417-433. [PMID: 33548004 PMCID: PMC8292242 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vascular network is established and maintained through the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which are tightly regulated during embryonic and postnatal life. The formation of a functional vasculature requires critical cellular mechanisms, such as cell migration, proliferation and adhesion, which are dependent on the activity of small Rho GTPases, controlled in part by the dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) protein family. Whilst the majority of DOCK proteins are associated with neuronal development, a growing body of evidence has indicated that members of the DOCK family may have key functions in the control of vasculogenic and angiogenic processes. This is supported by the involvement of several angiogenic signalling pathways, including chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), in the regulation of specific DOCK proteins. This review summarises recent progress in understanding the respective roles of DOCK family proteins during vascular development. We focus on existing in vivo and in vitro models and known human disease phenotypes and highlight potential mechanisms of DOCK protein dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Benson
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Laura Southgate
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. .,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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12
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Reid AL, Wang Y, Samani A, Hightower RM, Lopez MA, Gilbert SR, Ianov L, Crossman DK, Dell’Italia LJ, Millay DP, van Groen T, Halade GV, Alexander MS. DOCK3 is a dosage-sensitive regulator of skeletal muscle and Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated pathologies. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2855-2871. [PMID: 32766788 PMCID: PMC7566544 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DOCK3 is a member of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors that regulate cell migration, fusion and viability. Previously, we identified a dysregulated miR-486/DOCK3 signaling cascade in dystrophin-deficient muscle, which resulted in the overexpression of DOCK3; however, little is known about the role of DOCK3 in muscle. Here, we characterize the functional role of DOCK3 in normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle. Utilizing Dock3 global knockout (Dock3 KO) mice, we found that the haploinsufficiency of Dock3 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice improved dystrophic muscle pathologies; however, complete loss of Dock3 worsened muscle function. Adult Dock3 KO mice have impaired muscle function and Dock3 KO myoblasts are defective for myogenic differentiation. Transcriptomic analyses of Dock3 KO muscles reveal a decrease in myogenic factors and pathways involved in muscle differentiation. These studies identify DOCK3 as a novel modulator of muscle health and may yield therapeutic targets for treating dystrophic muscle symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Reid
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yimin Wang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adrienne Samani
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rylie M Hightower
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael A Lopez
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shawn R Gilbert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lara Ianov
- Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Louis J Dell’Italia
- Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Matthew S Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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13
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Hansen AW, Murugan M, Li H, Khayat MM, Wang L, Rosenfeld J, Andrews BK, Jhangiani SN, Coban Akdemir ZH, Sedlazeck FJ, Ashley-Koch AE, Liu P, Muzny DM, Davis EE, Katsanis N, Sabo A, Posey JE, Yang Y, Wangler MF, Eng CM, Sutton VR, Lupski JR, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA. A Genocentric Approach to Discovery of Mendelian Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:974-986. [PMID: 31668702 PMCID: PMC6849092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of inexpensive, clinical exome sequencing (ES) has led to the accumulation of genetic data from thousands of samples from individuals affected with a wide range of diseases, but for whom the underlying genetic and molecular etiology of their clinical phenotype remains unknown. In many cases, detailed phenotypes are unavailable or poorly recorded and there is little family history to guide study. To accelerate discovery, we integrated ES data from 18,696 individuals referred for suspected Mendelian disease, together with relatives, in an Apache Hadoop data lake (Hadoop Architecture Lake of Exomes [HARLEE]) and implemented a genocentric analysis that rapidly identified 154 genes harboring variants suspected to cause Mendelian disorders. The approach did not rely on case-specific phenotypic classifications but was driven by optimization of gene- and variant-level filter parameters utilizing historical Mendelian disease-gene association discovery data. Variants in 19 of the 154 candidate genes were subsequently reported as causative of a Mendelian trait and additional data support the association of all other candidate genes with disease endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Hansen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mullai Murugan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Khayat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - B Kim Andrews
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep H Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Pediatric Genetic and translational Medicine Center (P-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Pediatric Genetic and translational Medicine Center (P-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine M Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; School of Public Health, UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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14
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Wiltrout K, Ferrer A, van de Laar I, Namekata K, Harada T, Klee EW, Zimmerman MT, Cousin MA, Kempainen JL, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, van Slegtenhorst MA, Aarts-Tesselaar CD, Schnur RE, Andrews M, Shinawi M. Variants in DOCK3 cause developmental delay and hypotonia. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1225-1234. [PMID: 30976111 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The DOCK3 gene encodes the Dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3) protein, which belongs to the family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors and is expressed almost exclusively in the brain and spinal cord. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the molecular cause of developmental delay and hypotonia in three unrelated probands. WES identified truncating and splice site variants in Patient 1 and compound heterozygous and homozygous missense variants in Patients 2 and 3, respectively. We studied the effect of the three missense variants in vitro by using site-directed mutagenesis and pull-down assay and show that the induction of Rac1 activation was significantly lower in DOCK3 mutant cells compared with wild type human DOCK3 (P < 0.05). We generated a protein model to further examine the effect of the two missense variants within or adjacent to the DHR-2 domain in DOCK3 and this model supports pathogenicity. Our results support a loss of function mechanism but the data on the patients with missense variants should be cautiously interpreted because of the variability of the phenotypes and limited number of cases. Prior studies have described DOCK3 bi-allelic loss of function variants in two families with ataxia, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Here, we report on three patients with DOCK3-related developmental delay, wide-based or uncoordinated gait, and hypotonia, further supporting DOCK3's role in a neurodevelopmental syndrome and expanding the spectrum of phenotypic and genotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Wiltrout
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alejandro Ferrer
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ingrid van de Laar
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmerman
- Genomics Sciences & Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Margot A Cousin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marisa Andrews
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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15
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Zhao M, Wang W, Chen W, Ma C, Zhang F, Jiang K, Liu J, Diao L, Qian H, Zhao J, Wang T, Ma L. Genome survey, high-resolution genetic linkage map construction, growth-related quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification and gene location in Scylla paramamosain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2910. [PMID: 30814536 PMCID: PMC6393678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scylla paramamosain is one of the most economically important crabs in China. In this study, the first genome survey sequencing of this crab was performed, and the results revealed that the estimated genome size was 1.21 Gb with high heterozygosity (1.3%). Then, RAD technology was used to construct a high-resolution linkage map for this species. A total of 24,444 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) makers were grouped into 47 linkage groups. The total length of the linkage groups was 3087.53 cM with a markers interval of 0.92 cM. With the aid of transcriptome and genome scaffold data, 4,271 markers were linked to genes, including several important growth-related genes such as transforming growth factor-beta regulator I, immune related-gene C-type lectin and ecdysone pathway gene broad-complex-like protein. Further, 442 markers, representing 279 QTLs, associated with 24 traits were identified, and of these markers, 78 were linked to genes. Some interesting genes, such as dedicator of cytokinesis protein 3, tenascin-X and DNA helicase MCM8, were believed to have important relationship with specific traits and merit further exploration. The results of this study will accelerate the genetic improvement and genome sequencing analysis of the mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wei Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wei Chen
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Keji Jiang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Junguo Liu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Le Diao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Heng Qian
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Junxia Zhao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Tian Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Lingbo Ma
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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16
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Velinov M. Genomic Copy Number Variations in the Autism Clinic-Work in Progress. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:57. [PMID: 30837845 PMCID: PMC6389619 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced technology for microarray-based chromosomal studies helped discover increased prevalence of genomic copy number variants (CNVs) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is now an important tool for clinical investigations in patients with ASD. While this technology helps identify high proportion of CNV positive individuals among patients with autism, the clinical interpretation of such genomic rearrangements is often challenged by inconsistent genotype-phenotype correlations. Possible explanations of such inconsistencies may involve complex interactions of potentially pathogenic CNV with additional (secondary) CNVs or single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Other involved factors may include gender-specific effects or environmental contributions. Development of risk models for interpreting such complex interactions may be necessary in order to provide better informed genetic counseling to the affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen Velinov
- George A. Jervis Clinic, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, NY, United States
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17
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Fernández-Marmiesse A, Gouveia S, Couce ML. NGS Technologies as a Turning Point in Rare Disease Research , Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:404-432. [PMID: 28721829 PMCID: PMC5815091 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170718101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 25-50 million Americans, 30 million Europeans, and 8% of the Australian population have a rare disease. Rare diseases are thus a common problem for clinicians and account for enormous healthcare costs worldwide due to the difficulty of establishing a specific diagnosis. In this article, we review the milestones achieved in our understanding of rare diseases since the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and analyze how these advances have influenced research and diagnosis. The first half of this review describes how NGS has changed diagnostic workflows and provided an unprecedented, simple way of discovering novel disease-associated genes. We focus particularly on metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. NGS has enabled cheap and rapid genetic diagnosis, highlighted the relevance of mosaic and de novo mutations, brought to light the wide phenotypic spectrum of most genes, detected digenic inheritance or the presence of more than one rare disease in the same patient, and paved the way for promising new therapies. In the second part of the review, we look at the limitations and challenges of NGS, including determination of variant causality, the loss of variants in coding and non-coding regions, and the detection of somatic mosaicism variants and epigenetic mutations, and discuss how these can be overcome in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernández-Marmiesse
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sofía Gouveia
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María L. Couce
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Iwata-Otsubo A, Ritter AL, Weckselbatt B, Ryan NR, Burgess D, Conlin LK, Izumi K. DOCK3-related neurodevelopmental syndrome: Biallelic intragenic deletion of DOCK3 in a boy with developmental delay and hypotonia. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:241-245. [PMID: 29130632 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family are evolutionary conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho GTPases, Rac, and Cdc42. DOCK3 functions as a GEF for Rac1, and plays an important role in promoting neurite and axonal growth by stimulating actin dynamics and microtubule assembly pathways in the central nervous system. Here we report a boy with developmental delay, hypotonia, and ataxia due to biallelic DOCK3 deletion. Chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis detected a 170 kb homozygous deletion including exons 6-12 of the DOCK3 gene at 3p21.2. Symptoms of our proband resembles a phenotype of Dock3 knockout mice exhibiting sensorimotor impairments. Furthermore, our proband has clinical similarities with two siblings with compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of DOCK3 reported in [Helbig, Mroske, Moorthy, Sajan, and Velinov (); https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.12995]. Biallelic DOCK3 mutations cause a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by unsteady gait, hypotonia, and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Iwata-Otsubo
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Alyssa L Ritter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Brooke Weckselbatt
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nicole R Ryan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - David Burgess
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Laura K Conlin
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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