1
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Sasai N, Tada S, Ohshiro J, Kogiso C, Shinozuka T. Regulation of progenitor cell survival by a novel chromatin remodeling factor during neural tube development. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:89-100. [PMID: 38014908 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
During development, progenitor cell survival is essential for proper tissue functions, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that ERCC6L2, a member of the Snf2 family of helicase-like proteins, plays an essential role in the survival of developing chick neural cells. ERCC6L2 expression is induced by the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling molecule by a mechanism similar to that of the known Shh target genes Ptch1 and Gli1. ERCC6L2 blocks programmed cell death induced by Shh inhibition and this inhibition is independent of neural tube patterning. ERCC6L2 knockdown by siRNA resulted in the aberrant appearance of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, ERCC6L2 cooperates with the Shh signal and plays an essential role in the induction of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Taken together, ERCC6L2 acts as a key factor in ensuring the survival of neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shogo Tada
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Jumi Ohshiro
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Chikara Kogiso
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Takuma Shinozuka
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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2
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Bandini P, Borràs N, Fernandez Mellid E, Martin-Fernandez L, Melero Valentín P, Comes N, Ramírez L, Cadahia Fernández P, Rodríguez Ruiz M, Perez Encinas MM, Vidal F, Corrales I. First description of bone marrow failure syndrome in Spain caused by mutations in the ERCC6L2 gene. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:e102-e107. [PMID: 37696499 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Bandini
- Laboratori de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Insitut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Borràs
- Laboratori de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Insitut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Fernandez Mellid
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Martin-Fernandez
- Laboratori de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Insitut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Melero Valentín
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Natalia Comes
- Laboratori de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Insitut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Ramírez
- Laboratori de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Insitut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Cadahia Fernández
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Matilde Rodríguez Ruiz
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo Perez Encinas
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Vidal
- Laboratori de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Insitut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Corrales
- Laboratori de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Insitut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Carnie CJ, Armstrong L, Sebesta M, Ariza A, Wang X, Graham E, Zhu K, Ahel D. ERCC6L2 mitigates replication stress and promotes centromere stability. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112329. [PMID: 37014751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Structurally complex genomic regions, such as centromeres, are inherently difficult to duplicate. The mechanism behind centromere inheritance is not well understood, and one of the key questions relates to the reassembly of centromeric chromatin following DNA replication. Here, we define ERCC6L2 as a key regulator of this process. ERCC6L2 accumulates at centromeres and promotes deposition of core centromeric factors. Interestingly, ERCC6L2-/- cells show unrestrained replication of centromeric DNA, likely caused by the erosion of centromeric chromatin. Beyond centromeres, ERCC6L2 facilitates replication at genomic repeats and non-canonical DNA structures. Notably, ERCC6L2 interacts with the DNA-clamp PCNA through an atypical peptide, presented here in a co-crystal structure. Finally, ERCC6L2 also restricts DNA end resection, acting independently of the 53BP1-REV7-Shieldin complex. We propose a mechanistic model, which reconciles seemingly distinct functions of ERCC6L2 in DNA repair and DNA replication. These findings provide a molecular context for studies linking ERCC6L2 to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Armstrong
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Marek Sebesta
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Antonio Ariza
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Emily Graham
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kang Zhu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Dragana Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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4
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Baccelli F, Leardini D, Cerasi S, Messelodi D, Bertuccio SN, Masetti R. ERCC6L2-related disease: a novel entity of bone marrow failure disorder with high risk of clonal evolution. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:699-705. [PMID: 36790458 PMCID: PMC9998559 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
ERCC excision repair 6 like 2 (ERCC6L2) gene encodes for different helicase-like protein members of the Snf2 family involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and in cell proliferation. Germline homozygous mutations in children and adults predispose to a peculiar bone marrow failure phenotype characterized by mild hematological alterations with a high risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. The outcome for patients with leukemia progression is dismal while patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the early stage have better outcomes. The ERCC6L2-related hematological disease presents a high penetrance, posing important questions regarding the treatment strategies and possible preemptive approaches. This review describes the biological function of ERCC6L2 and the clinical manifestations of the associated disease, trying to focus on the unsolved clinical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baccelli
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Cerasi
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Messelodi
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nicola Bertuccio
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Feurstein S. Emerging bone marrow failure syndromes- new pieces to an unsolved puzzle. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1128533. [PMID: 37091189 PMCID: PMC10119586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1128533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes are genetically diverse - more than 100 genes have been associated with those syndromes and the list is rapidly expanding. Risk assessment and genetic counseling of patients with recently discovered BMF syndromes is inherently difficult as disease mechanisms, penetrance, genotype-phenotype associations, phenotypic heterogeneity, risk of hematologic malignancies and clonal markers of disease progression are unknown or unclear. This review aims to shed light on recently described BMF syndromes with sparse concise data and with an emphasis on those associated with germline variants in ADH5/ALDH2, DNAJC21, ERCC6L2 and MECOM. This will provide important data that may help to individualize and improve care for these patients.
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6
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Armes H, Bewicke‐Copley F, Rio‐Machin A, Di Bella D, Philippe C, Wozniak A, Tummala H, Wang J, Ezponda T, Prosper F, Dokal I, Vulliamy T, Kilpivaara O, Wartiovaara‐Kautto U, Fitzgibbon J, Rouault‐Pierre K. Germline ERCC excision repair 6 like 2 (ERCC6L2) mutations lead to impaired erythropoiesis and reshaping of the bone marrow microenvironment. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:754-764. [PMID: 36156210 PMCID: PMC9828415 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the inclusion of inherited myeloid malignancies as a separate entity in the World Health Organization Classification, many established predisposing loci continue to lack functional characterization. While germline mutations in the DNA repair factor ERCC excision repair 6 like 2 (ERCC6L2) give rise to bone marrow failure and acute myeloid leukaemia, their consequences on normal haematopoiesis remain unclear. To functionally characterise the dual impact of germline ERCC6L2 loss on human primary haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), we challenged ERCC6L2-silenced and patient-derived cells ex vivo. Here, we show for the first time that ERCC6L2-deficiency in HSPCs significantly impedes their clonogenic potential and leads to delayed erythroid differentiation. This observation was confirmed by CIBERSORTx RNA-sequencing deconvolution performed on ERCC6L2-silenced erythroid-committed cells, which demonstrated higher proportions of polychromatic erythroblasts and reduced orthochromatic erythroblasts versus controls. In parallel, we demonstrate that the consequences of ERCC6L2-deficiency are not limited to HSPCs, as we observe a striking phenotype in patient-derived and ERCC6L2-silenced MSCs, which exhibit enhanced osteogenesis and suppressed adipogenesis. Altogether, our study introduces a valuable surrogate model to study the impact of inherited myeloid mutations and highlights the importance of accounting for the influence of germline mutations in HSPCs and their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Armes
- Centre for Genomics and Computational BiologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Findlay Bewicke‐Copley
- Centre for Genomics and Computational BiologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ana Rio‐Machin
- Centre for Genomics and Computational BiologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Doriana Di Bella
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Céline Philippe
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna Wozniak
- Centre for Genomics and Computational BiologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Hemanth Tummala
- Centre for Genomics and Child HealthBlizard Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Genomics and Computational BiologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Teresa Ezponda
- Área de Hemato‐OncologíaCIMA Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONCPamplonaSpain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Área de Hemato‐OncologíaCIMA Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONCPamplonaSpain
- Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Inderjeet Dokal
- Centre for Genomics and Child HealthBlizard Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Tom Vulliamy
- Centre for Genomics and Child HealthBlizard Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUSLAB Laboratory of Genetics, HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara‐Kautto
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Genomics and Computational BiologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Kevin Rouault‐Pierre
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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7
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Clark KC, Wagner VA, Holl KL, Reho JJ, Tutaj M, Smith JR, Dwinell MR, Grobe JL, Kwitek AE. Body Composition and Metabolic Changes in a Lyon Hypertensive Congenic Rat and Identification of Ercc6l2 as a Positional Candidate Gene. Front Genet 2022; 13:903971. [PMID: 35812759 PMCID: PMC9263446 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.903971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Central obesity is genetically complex, and its exponential increase in the last decades have made it a critical public health issue. The Lyon Hypertensive (LH) rat is a well-characterized hypertensive model that also exhibits spontaneous and profound differences in body weight and adiposity, relative to its metabolically healthy control, the Lyon Normotensive (LN) rat. The mechanisms underlying the body weight differences between these strains are not well-understood, thus a congenic model (LH17LNa) was developed where a portion of the proximal arm of LN chromosome 17 is introgressed on the LH genomic background to assess the contribution of LN alleles on obesity features. Male and female LH17LNa rats were studied, but male congenics did not significantly differ from LH in this study. Female LH17LNa rats exhibited decreases in total body growth, as well as major alterations to their body composition and adiposity. The LH17LNa female rats also showed decreases in metabolic rate, and a reduction in food intake. The increased adiposity in the female LH17LNa rats was specific to abdominal white adipose tissue, and this phenomenon was further explained by significant hypertrophy in those adipocytes, with no evidence of adipocyte hyperplasia. Sequencing of the parental strains identified a novel frameshift mutation in the candidate gene Ercc6l2, which is involved in transcription-coupled DNA repair, and is implicated in premature aging. The discovery of the significance of Ercc6l2 in the context of female-specific adipocyte biology could represent a novel role of DNA repair failure syndromes in obesity pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C. Clark
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Valerie A. Wagner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Katie L. Holl
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Monika Tutaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melinda R. Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Anne E. Kwitek, ; Justin L. Grobe,
| | - Anne E. Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Anne E. Kwitek, ; Justin L. Grobe,
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8
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Ewing AD, Cheetham SW, McGill JJ, Sharkey M, Walker R, West JA, West MJ, Summers KM. Microdeletion of 9q22.3: A patient with minimal deletion size associated with a severe phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2070-2083. [PMID: 33960642 PMCID: PMC8251932 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell nevus syndrome (also known as Gorlin Syndrome; MIM109400) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent pathological features such as basal cell carcinomas and odontogenic keratocysts as well as skeletal abnormalities. Most affected individuals have point mutations or small insertions or deletions within the PTCH1 gene on human chromosome 9, but there are some cases with more extensive deletion of the region, usually including the neighboring FANCC and/or ERCC6L2 genes. We report a 16‐year‐old patient with a deletion of approximately 400,000 bases which removes only PTCH1 and some non‐coding RNA genes but leaves FANCC and ERCC6L2 intact. In spite of the small amount of DNA for which he is haploid, his phenotype is more extreme than many individuals with longer deletions in the region. This includes early presentation with a large number of basal cell nevi and other skin lesions, multiple jaw keratocysts, and macrosomia. We found that the deletion was in the paternal chromosome, in common with other macrosomia cases. Using public databases, we have examined possible interactions between sequences within and outside the deletion and speculate that a regulatory relationship exists with flanking genes, which is unbalanced by the deletion, resulting in abnormal activation or repression of the target genes and hence the severity of the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Ewing
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - James J McGill
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Sharkey
- Paddington Dermatology Specialist Clinic, Paddington, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rick Walker
- QLD Youth Cancer Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer A West
- Northside Clinical School, Prince Charles Hospital, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malcolm J West
- Northside Clinical School, Prince Charles Hospital, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Repair of programmed DNA lesions in antibody class switch recombination: common and unique features. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:115-125. [PMID: 33817557 PMCID: PMC7996122 DOI: 10.1007/s42764-021-00035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system can diversify the antigen receptors to eliminate various pathogens through programmed DNA lesions at antigen receptor genes. In immune diversification, general DNA repair machineries are applied to transform the programmed DNA lesions into gene mutation or recombination events with common and unique features. Here we focus on antibody class switch recombination (CSR), and review the initiation of base damages, the conversion of damaged base to DNA double-strand break, and the ligation of broken ends. With an emphasis on the unique features in CSR, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of DNA repair/replication coordination, and ERCC6L2-mediated deletional recombination. We further elaborate the application of CSR in end-joining, resection and translesion synthesis assays. In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, we hope it help to understand the generation of therapeutic antibodies.
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10
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Francica P, Mutlu M, Blomen VA, Oliveira C, Nowicka Z, Trenner A, Gerhards NM, Bouwman P, Stickel E, Hekkelman ML, Lingg L, Klebic I, van de Ven M, de Korte-Grimmerink R, Howald D, Jonkers J, Sartori AA, Fendler W, Chapman JR, Brummelkamp T, Rottenberg S. Functional Radiogenetic Profiling Implicates ERCC6L2 in Non-homologous End Joining. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108068. [PMID: 32846126 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using genome-wide radiogenetic profiling, we functionally dissect vulnerabilities of cancer cells to ionizing radiation (IR). We identify ERCC6L2 as a major determinant of IR response, together with classical DNA damage response genes and members of the recently identified shieldin and CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complexes. We show that ERCC6L2 contributes to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and it may exert this function through interactions with SFPQ. In addition to causing radiosensitivity, ERCC6L2 loss restores DNA end resection and partially rescues homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1-deficient cells. As a consequence, ERCC6L2 deficiency confers resistance to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in tumors deficient for both BRCA1 and p53. Moreover, we show that ERCC6L2 mutations are found in human tumors and correlate with a better overall survival in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT); this finding suggests that ERCC6L2 is a predictive biomarker of RT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Merve Mutlu
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Zuzanna Nowicka
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anika Trenner
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elmer Stickel
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten L Hekkelman
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lea Lingg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ismar Klebic
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renske de Korte-Grimmerink
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Howald
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Thijn Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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11
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Olivieri M, Cho T, Álvarez-Quilón A, Li K, Schellenberg MJ, Zimmermann M, Hustedt N, Rossi SE, Adam S, Melo H, Heijink AM, Sastre-Moreno G, Moatti N, Szilard RK, McEwan A, Ling AK, Serrano-Benitez A, Ubhi T, Feng S, Pawling J, Delgado-Sainz I, Ferguson MW, Dennis JW, Brown GW, Cortés-Ledesma F, Williams RS, Martin A, Xu D, Durocher D. A Genetic Map of the Response to DNA Damage in Human Cells. Cell 2020; 182:481-496.e21. [PMID: 32649862 PMCID: PMC7384976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The response to DNA damage is critical for cellular homeostasis, tumor suppression, immunity, and gametogenesis. In order to provide an unbiased and global view of the DNA damage response in human cells, we undertook 31 CRISPR-Cas9 screens against 27 genotoxic agents in the retinal pigment epithelium-1 (RPE1) cell line. These screens identified 890 genes whose loss causes either sensitivity or resistance to DNA-damaging agents. Mining this dataset, we discovered that ERCC6L2 (which is mutated in a bone-marrow failure syndrome) codes for a canonical non-homologous end-joining pathway factor, that the RNA polymerase II component ELOF1 modulates the response to transcription-blocking agents, and that the cytotoxicity of the G-quadruplex ligand pyridostatin involves trapping topoisomerase II on DNA. This map of the DNA damage response provides a rich resource to study this fundamental cellular system and has implications for the development and use of genotoxic agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Olivieri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tiffany Cho
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Quilón
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kejiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Matthew J Schellenberg
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michal Zimmermann
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Nicole Hustedt
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Silvia Emma Rossi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Salomé Adam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Henrique Melo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anne Margriet Heijink
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Guillermo Sastre-Moreno
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Moatti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Rachel K Szilard
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andrea McEwan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Alexanda K Ling
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Almudena Serrano-Benitez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tajinder Ubhi
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sumin Feng
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Judy Pawling
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Irene Delgado-Sainz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael W Ferguson
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James W Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Grant W Brown
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Felipe Cortés-Ledesma
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Scott Williams
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dongyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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12
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Liu X, Liu T, Shang Y, Dai P, Zhang W, Lee BJ, Huang M, Yang D, Wu Q, Liu LD, Zheng X, Zhou BO, Dong J, Yeap LS, Hu J, Xiao T, Zha S, Casellas R, Liu XS, Meng FL. ERCC6L2 promotes DNA orientation-specific recombination in mammalian cells. Cell Res 2020; 30:732-744. [PMID: 32355287 PMCID: PMC7608219 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed DNA recombination in mammalian cells occurs predominantly in a directional manner. While random DNA breaks are typically repaired both by deletion and by inversion at approximately equal proportions, V(D)J and class switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene overwhelmingly delete intervening sequences to yield productive rearrangement. What factors channel chromatin breaks to deletional CSR in lymphocytes is unknown. Integrating CRISPR knockout and chemical perturbation screening we here identify the Snf2-family helicase-like ERCC6L2 as one such factor. We show that ERCC6L2 promotes double-strand break end-joining and facilitates optimal CSR in mice. At the cellular levels, ERCC6L2 rapidly engages in DNA repair through its C-terminal domains. Mechanistically, ERCC6L2 interacts with other end-joining factors and plays a functionally redundant role with the XLF end-joining factor in V(D)J recombination. Strikingly, ERCC6L2 controls orientation-specific joining of broken ends during CSR, which relies on its helicase activity. Thus, ERCC6L2 facilitates programmed recombination through directional repair of distant breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yafang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wubing Zhang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Brian J Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dingpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiu Wu
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liu Daisy Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Bo O Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Leng-Siew Yeap
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiazhi Hu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Genome Editing Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rafael Casellas
- Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fei-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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FouNdER mutations confer risk for leukemias. Blood 2019; 133:2636-2638. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2019-04-901173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
Abstract
There is a Blood Commentary on this article in this issue.
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15
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Genome instability is a consequence of transcription deficiency in patients with bone marrow failure harboring biallelic ERCC6L2 variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7777-7782. [PMID: 29987015 PMCID: PMC6064997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803275115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow failure (BMF) is an inherited life-threatening condition characterized by defective hematopoiesis, developmental abnormalities, and predisposition to cancer. BMF caused by ERCC6L2 mutations is considered to be a genome instability syndrome, because DNA repair is compromised in patient cells. In this study, we report BMF cases with biallelic disease-causing variants and provide evidence from patients’ cells that transcription deficiency can explain the genome instability. Specifically, we demonstrate that ERCC6L2 participates in RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription via interaction with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and resolves DNA–RNA hybrids (R loops). Collectively, our data point to a causal mechanism in BMF in which patients with ERCC6L2 mutations are defective in the repair of transcription-associated DNA damage. Biallelic variants in the ERCC excision repair 6 like 2 gene (ERCC6L2) are known to cause bone marrow failure (BMF) due to defects in DNA repair and mitochondrial function. Here, we report on eight cases of BMF from five families harboring biallelic variants in ERCC6L2, two of whom present with myelodysplasia. We confirm that ERCC6L2 patients’ lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents that specifically activate the transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TCNER) pathway. Interestingly, patients’ LCLs are also hypersensitive to transcription inhibitors that interfere with RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) and display an abnormal delay in transcription recovery. Using affinity-based mass spectrometry we found that ERCC6L2 interacts with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a regulatory component of the RNA Pol II transcription complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR studies revealed ERCC6L2 occupancy on gene bodies along with RNA Pol II and DNA-PK. Patients’ LCLs fail to terminate transcript elongation accurately upon DNA damage and display a significant increase in nuclear DNA–RNA hybrids (R loops). Collectively, we conclude that ERCC6L2 is involved in regulating RNA Pol II-mediated transcription via its interaction with DNA-PK to resolve R loops and minimize transcription-associated genome instability. The inherited BMF syndrome caused by biallelic variants in ERCC6L2 can be considered as a primary transcription deficiency rather than a DNA repair defect.
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16
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Shabanova I, Cohen E, Cada M, Vincent A, Cohn RD, Dror Y. ERCC6L2-associated inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:463-468. [PMID: 29633571 PMCID: PMC6014454 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ERCC6L2‐associated disorder has recently been described and only five patients were reported so far. The described phenotype included bone marrow, cerebral, and craniofacial abnormalities. The aim of this study was to further define the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of the disorder by summarizing the five published cases and an additional case that we identified through whole‐exome sequencing performed at the University of Toronto. Methods Clinical data was extracted from the Canadian Inherited Marrow Failure Registry. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify causative mutations. Results All six cases had homozygous truncating mutations either at or upstream of the helicase domain of ERCC6L2. All patients displayed bone marrow failure, learning or developmental delay and microcephaly. Our patient was unique in displaying features of cerebellar disease, including ataxia and dysmetria as well as an interval deterioration of the corpus callosum and generalized volume loss on MRI. Another unique feature of our patient was retinal dystrophy with macular involvement. Along with one other patient, our patient displayed craniofacial abnormalities by presenting with low‐set prominent ears, a pointed prominent chin, and deep‐set eyes. Leukemia is common among patients with inherited bone marrow failure, but thus far, none of the patients have developed this complication. Conclusions ERCC6L2‐associated disorder is a multisystem disorder. The phenotype spectrum includes bone marrow failure, cerebral, and craniofacial abnormalities, as well as cerebellar and retinal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Shabanova
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Cohen
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michaela Cada
- Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald D Cohn
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yigal Dror
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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