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Lucchini R, Tieu K. Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: Evidence from Epidemiological and Experimental Studies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1190. [PMID: 37627255 PMCID: PMC10452806 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure has evolved from acute, high-level exposure causing manganism to low, chronic lifetime exposure. In this latter scenario, the target areas extend beyond the globus pallidus (as seen with manganism) to the entire basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra pars compacta. This change of exposure paradigm has prompted numerous epidemiological investigations of the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), or parkinsonism, due to the long-term impact of Mn. In parallel, experimental research has focused on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of Mn and its interactions with genetic susceptibility. In this review, we provide evidence from both types of studies, with the aim to link the epidemiological data with the potential mechanistic interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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2
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Gurol KC, Li D, Broberg K, Mukhopadhyay S. Manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 missense polymorphism T95I associated with liver injury retains manganese efflux activity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G78-G88. [PMID: 36414535 PMCID: PMC9829465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00213.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the manganese (Mn) efflux transporter SLC30A10 in the liver and intestines is critical for Mn excretion and preventing Mn toxicity. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A10 are a well-established cause of hereditary Mn toxicity. But, the relationship between more common SLC30A10 polymorphisms, Mn homeostasis, and disease is only recently emerging. In 2021, the first coding SNP in SLC30A10 (T95I) was associated with liver disease raising the hypothesis that the T95I substitution may induce disease by inhibiting the Mn efflux function of SLC30A10. Here, we test this hypothesis using structural, viability, and metal quantification approaches. Analyses of a predicted structure of SLC30A10 revealed that the side chain of T95 pointed away from the putative Mn-binding cavity, raising doubts about the impact of the T95I substitution on SLC30A10 function. In HeLa or HepG2 cells, overexpression of SLC30A10-WT or T95I resulted in comparable reductions of intracellular Mn levels and protection against Mn-induced cell death. Furthermore, ΔSLC30A10 HepG2 cells, generated using CRISPR/Cas9, exhibited elevated Mn levels and heightened sensitivity to Mn-induced cell death, and these phenotypic changes were similarly rescued by expression of SLC30A10-WT or T95I. Finally, turnover rates of SLC30A10-WT or T95I were also comparable. In summary, our results indicate that the Mn transport activity of SLC30A10-T95I is essentially comparable to the WT protein. Our findings imply that SLC30A10-T95I either has a complex association with liver injury that extends beyond the simple reduction in SLC30A10 activity or alternatively the T95I mutation lacks a causal role in liver disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that the T95I polymorphism in the manganese transporter SLC30A10, which has been associated with liver disease in human GWAS studies, does not impact transporter function in cell culture. These findings raise doubts about the causal relationship of the T95I polymorphism with human disease and highlight the importance of validating GWAS findings using mechanistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem C Gurol
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Danyang Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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3
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Rodichkin AN, Guilarte TR. Hereditary Disorders of Manganese Metabolism: Pathophysiology of Childhood-Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism in SLC39A14 Mutation Carriers and Genetic Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12833. [PMID: 36361624 PMCID: PMC9653914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, several clinical reports have outlined cases of childhood-onset manganese (Mn)-induced dystonia-parkinsonism, resulting from loss-of-function mutations in the Mn influx transporter gene SLC39A14. These clinical cases have provided a wealth of knowledge on Mn toxicity and homeostasis. However, our current understanding of the underlying neuropathophysiology is severely lacking. The recent availability of Slc39a14 knockout (KO) murine and zebrafish animal models provide a powerful platform to investigate the neurological effects of elevated blood and brain Mn concentrations in vivo. As such, the objective of this review was to organize and summarize the current clinical literature and studies utilizing Slc39a14-KO animal models and assess the validity of the animal models based on the clinical presentation of the disease in human mutation carriers.
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4
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Garg D, Yoganathan S, Shamim U, Mankad K, Gulati P, Bonifati V, Botre A, Kalane U, Saini AG, Sankhyan N, Srivastava K, Gowda VK, Juneja M, Kamate M, Padmanabha H, Panigrahi D, Pachapure S, Udani V, Kumar A, Pandey S, Thomas M, Danda S, Iqbalahmed SA, Subramanian A, Pemde H, Singh V, Faruq M, Sharma S. Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Hypermanganesemia with Dystonia 1 and 2 among 27 Indian Children. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:886-899. [PMID: 36247901 PMCID: PMC9547147 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 1 and 2 (HMNDYT1 and 2) are rare, inherited disorders of manganese transport. Objectives We aimed to describe clinical, laboratory features, and outcomes among children with HMNDYT. Methods We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving tertiary centers across India. We enrolled children between 1 month to 18 years of age with genetically confirmed/clinically probable HMNDYT. Clinical, laboratory profile, genetic testing, treatment details, and outcomes scored by treating physicians on a Likert scale were recorded. Results We enrolled 27 children (19 girls). Fourteen harbored SLC30A10 mutations; nine had SLC39A14 mutations. The SLC39A14 cohort had lower median age at onset (1.3 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.7-5.5] years) versus SLC30A10 cohort (2.0 [IQR, 1.5-5.1] years). The most frequent neurological features were dystonia (100%; n = 27), gait abnormality (77.7%; n = 21), falls (66.7%; n = 18), and parkinsonism (59.3%; n = 16). Median serum manganese (Mn) levels among SLC39A14 (44.9 [IQR, 27.3-147.7] mcg/L) cohort were higher than SLC30A10 (29.4 [17.1-42.0] mcg/L); median hemoglobin was higher in SLC30A10 (16.3 [IQR, 15.2-17.5] g/dL) versus SLC39A14 cohort (12.5 [8.8-13.2] g/dL). Hepatic involvement and polycythaemia were observed exclusively in SLC30A10 variants. A total of 26/27 children underwent chelation with disodium calcium edetate. Nine demonstrated some improvement, three stabilized, two had marked improvement, and one had normalization. Children with SLC39A14 mutations had poorer response. Two children died and nine were lost to follow-up. Conclusions We found female predominance. Children with SLC39A14 mutations presented at younger age and responded less favorably to chelation compared to SLC30A10 mutations. There is emerging need to better define management strategies, especially in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyani Garg
- Department of NeurologyLady Hardinge Medical College and Associated HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Uzma Shamim
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Parveen Gulati
- Department of RadiodiagnosisDoctor Gulati Imaging InstituteNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Umesh Kalane
- Department of PediatricsDeenanath Mangeshkar HospitalPuneIndia
| | - Arushi Gahlot Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric CenterPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Naveen Sankhyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric CenterPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Kavita Srivastava
- Department of PediatricsBharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical CollegePuneIndia
| | - Vykuntaraju K. Gowda
- Division of Pediatric NeurologyIndira Gandhi Institute of Child HealthBangaloreIndia
| | - Monica Juneja
- Department of Pediatrics, Lok Nayak Hospital, Maulana Azad Medical CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Mahesh Kamate
- Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of PediatricsKAHER's J N Medical CollegeBelgaumIndia
| | - Hansashree Padmanabha
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBangaloreIndia
| | | | - Shaila Pachapure
- Department of Pediatrics, KAHER's J N Medical CollegeBelgaumIndia
| | - Vrajesh Udani
- Department of Child NeurologyPD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research CentreMumbaiIndia
| | - Atin Kumar
- Department of RadiodiagnosisAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Department of NeurologyGovind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate medical education and researchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Maya Thomas
- Department of Neurological SciencesChristian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Clinical GeneticsChristian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia
| | | | | | - Harish Pemde
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology division)Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology division)Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology division)Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
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5
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Rodichkin AN, Edler MK, McGlothan JL, Guilarte TR. Pathophysiological studies of aging Slc39a14 knockout mice to assess the progression of manganese-induced dystonia-parkinsonism. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:92-102. [PMID: 36152728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, several clinical reports have outlined cases of early-onset manganese (Mn)-induced dystonia-parkinsonism, resulting from loss of function mutations of the Mn transporter gene SLC39A14. Previously, we have performed characterization of the behavioral, neurochemical, and neuropathological changes in 60-day old (PN60) Slc39a14-knockout (KO) murine model of the human disease. Here, we extend our studies to aging Slc39a14-KO mice to assess the progression of the disease. Our results indicate that 365-day old (PN365) Slc39a14-KO mice present with markedly elevated blood and brain Mn levels, similar to those found in the PN60 mice and representative of the human cases of the disease. Furthermore, aging Slc39a14-KO mice consistently manifest a hypoactive and dystonic behavioral deficits, similar to the PN60 animals, suggesting that the behavioral changes are established early in life without further age-associated deterioration. Neurochemical, neuropathological, and functional assessment of the dopaminergic system of the basal ganglia revealed absence of neurodegenerative changes of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), with no changes in DA or metabolite concentrations in the striatum of Slc39a14-KO mice relative to wildtype (WT). Similar to the PN60 animals, aging Slc39a14-KO mice expressed a marked inhibition of potassium-stimulated DA release in the striatum. Together our findings indicate that the pathophysiological changes observed in the basal ganglia of aging Slc39a14-KO animals are similar to those at PN60 and aging does not have a significant effect on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Rodichkin
- Brain, Behavior, & the Environment Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Melissa K Edler
- Department of Anthropology and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States.
| | - Jennifer L McGlothan
- Brain, Behavior, & the Environment Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Tomás R Guilarte
- Brain, Behavior, & the Environment Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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6
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Wu X, Chen L, Lu W, He S, Li X, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang D, Zhang R, Liu Y, Sun Y, Feng Z, Wei Zhang V. Discovery of Novel Variants on the CHD7 Gene: A Case Series of CHARGE Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:852429. [PMID: 35938004 PMCID: PMC9355507 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.852429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a single-gene genetic disorder with multiple organ malformations caused by a variant of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) gene on chromosome 8q12.1. In this study, we aimed to investigate new variants that have emerged in these cases compared with typical CS and the relationship between the genes and phenotypes. Methods: Patients with suspected genetic diseases were subjected to Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) at a genetics laboratory in Guangzhou. The average sequencing coverage depth was >200 ×, and 96% was >20 ×. The variant interpretation was manipulated according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines. Molecular data on databases for ClinVar and CHD7 were also collected and collated. We reviewed the currently described CHD7 variants and analyzed the genetic variation and phenotypic heterogeneity. Results: Data of 12 patients with CS from four hospitals in China were collected. According to gestational age, most of them (8/12) were near-term babies with a lower birth weight than their peers, averaging 2.62 kg. In this study, the most common phenotypes were respiratory tract malformations (11/12), heart malformations (10/12), and central nervous system malformations (9/12). Two fetuses were confirmed to have brain or heart abnormalities during prenatal testing, while 10/12 were found to have abnormalities during prenatal testing. The maximum Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score at admission was 19, and the average was 11.58. Five variants in the CHD7 gene c.7012C > T (p.Q2338*), c.7868delC (p.P2623Rfs*16), c.5405-3C > G, c.6936 + 2T > C, and c.8077-2A > G) were novel and were located in exons 33, 36, and introns 25, 32, and 37, respectively. There may be a positive correlation between exon location and phenotype. Conclusion: Five novel variants were discovered. These expanded the mutational spectrum of the CHD7 gene and the phenotype of CS. There may be a correlation between the new mutation sites and the phenotype, which has some reference value for the evaluation of mutation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtao Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pediatrics of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Department of Pediatrics of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoru He
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shaoru He, ; Yumei Liu,
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruigui Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shaoru He, ; Yumei Liu,
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, BaYi Children’s Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Budinger D, Barral S, Soo AKS, Kurian MA. The role of manganese dysregulation in neurological disease: emerging evidence. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:956-968. [PMID: 34687639 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese is an essential trace metal. The dysregulation of manganese seen in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders reflects its importance in brain development and key neurophysiological processes. Historically, the observation of acquired manganism in miners and people who misuse drugs provided early evidence of brain toxicity related to manganese exposure. The identification of inherited manganese transportopathies, which cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative syndromes, further corroborates the neurotoxic potential of this element. Moreover, manganese dyshomoeostasis is also implicated in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Ongoing and future research will facilitate the development of better targeted therapeutical strategies than are currently available for manganese-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Budinger
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK
| | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK
| | - Audrey K S Soo
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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8
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Ghaisas S, Harischandra DS, Palanisamy B, Proctor A, Jin H, Dutta S, Sarkar S, Langley M, Zenitsky G, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Phillips GJ, Kanthasamy A. Chronic Manganese Exposure and the Enteric Nervous System: An in Vitro and Mouse in Vivo Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:87005. [PMID: 34410835 PMCID: PMC8375672 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) can cause debilitating damage to the central nervous system. However, its potential toxic effects on the enteric nervous system (ENS) have yet to be assessed. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of Mn on the ENS using both cell and animal models. METHOD Rat enteric glial cells (EGCs) and mouse primary enteric cultures were exposed to increasing concentrations of Mn and cell viability and mitochondrial health were assessed using various morphological and functional assays. C57BL/6 mice were exposed daily to a sublethal dose of Mn (15mg/kg/d) for 30 d. Gut peristalsis, enteric inflammation, gut microbiome profile, and fecal metabolite composition were assessed at the end of exposure. RESULTS EGC mitochondria were highly susceptible to Mn neurotoxicity, as evidenced by lower mitochondrial mass, adenosine triphosphate-linked respiration, and aconitase activity as well as higher mitochondrial superoxide, upon Mn exposure. Minor differences were seen in the mouse model: specifically, longer intestinal transit times and higher levels of colonic inflammation. CONCLUSION Based on our findings from this study, Mn preferentially induced mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat EGC line and in vivo resulted in inflammation in the ENS. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Ghaisas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Bharathi Palanisamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Alexandra Proctor
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Somak Dutta
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Monica Langley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gregory J Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Anumantha Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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9
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Tarnacka B, Jopowicz A, Maślińska M. Copper, Iron, and Manganese Toxicity in Neuropsychiatric Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157820. [PMID: 34360586 PMCID: PMC8346158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper, manganese, and iron are vital elements required for the appropriate development and the general preservation of good health. Additionally, these essential metals play key roles in ensuring proper brain development and function. They also play vital roles in the central nervous system as significant cofactors for several enzymes, including the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other enzymes that take part in the creation and breakdown of neurotransmitters in the brain. An imbalance in the levels of these metals weakens the structural, regulatory, and catalytic roles of different enzymes, proteins, receptors, and transporters and is known to provoke the development of various neurological conditions through different mechanisms, such as via induction of oxidative stress, increased α-synuclein aggregation and fibril formation, and stimulation of microglial cells, thus resulting in inflammation and reduced production of metalloproteins. In the present review, the authors focus on neurological disorders with psychiatric signs associated with copper, iron, and manganese excess and the diagnosis and potential treatment of such disorders. In our review, we described diseases related to these metals, such as aceruloplasminaemia, neuroferritinopathy, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and other very rare classical NBIA forms, manganism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ephedrone encephalopathy, HMNDYT1-SLC30A10 deficiency (HMNDYT1), HMNDYT2-SLC39A14 deficiency, CDG2N-SLC39A8 deficiency, hepatic encephalopathy, prion disease and “prion-like disease”, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tarnacka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-603944804
| | - Anna Jopowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Maślińska
- Department of Early Arthritis, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
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10
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Horning KJ, Tang X, Thomas MG, Aschner M, Bowman AB. Identification of Three Small Molecules That Can Selectively Influence Cellular Manganese Levels in a Mouse Striatal Cell Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041175. [PMID: 33671818 PMCID: PMC7931103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a biologically essential metal, critical as a cofactor for numerous enzymes such a glutamine synthetase and kinases such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Similar to other essential metals such as iron and zinc, proper levels of Mn need to be achieved while simultaneously being careful to avoid excess levels of Mn that can be neurotoxic. A lifetime of occupational exposure to Mn can often lead to a Parkinsonian condition, also known as “manganism”, characterized by impaired gait, muscle spasms, and tremors. Despite the importance of its regulation, the mechanisms underlying the transport and homeostasis of Mn are poorly understood. Rather than taking a protein or gene-targeted approach, our lab recently took a high-throughput-screening approach to identify 41 small molecules that could significantly increase or decrease intracellular Mn in a neuronal cell model. Here, we report characterization of these small molecules, which we refer to as the “Mn toolbox”. We adapted a Fura-2-based assay for measuring Mn concentration and for measuring relative concentrations of other divalent metals: nickel, copper, cobalt, and zinc. Of these 41 small molecules, we report here the identification of three that selectively influence cellular Mn but do not influence the other divalent metals tested. The patterns of activity across divalent metals and the discovery of Mn-selective small molecules has potential pharmacological and scientific utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Horning
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Xueqi Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (X.T.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Morgan G. Thomas
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (X.T.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (X.T.); (M.G.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.B.B.)
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11
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Kapoor D, Garg D, Sharma S, Goyal V. Inherited Manganese Disorders and the Brain: What Neurologists Need to Know. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:15-21. [PMID: 33911374 PMCID: PMC8061520 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_789_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acquired manganese neurotoxicity has been widely reported since its first description in 1837 and is popularly referred to as "manganism," inherited disorders of manganese homeostasis have received the first genetic signature as recently as 2012. These disorders, predominantly described in children and adolescents, involve mutations in three manganese transporter genes, i.e., SLC30A10 and SLC39A14 which lead to manganese overload, and SLC39A8, which leads to manganese deficiency. Both disorders of inherited hypermanganesemia typically exhibit dystonia and parkinsonism with relatively preserved cognition and are differentiated by the occurrence of polycythemia and liver involvement in the SLC30A10-associated condition. Mutations in SLC39A8 lead to a congenital disorder of glycosylation which presents with developmental delay, failure to thrive, intellectual impairment, and seizures due to manganese deficiency. Chelation with iron supplementation is the treatment of choice in inherited hypermanganesemia. In this review, we highlight the pathognomonic clinical, laboratory, imaging features and treatment modalities for these rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Institute of Neurosciences, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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12
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Dutta A, Majumdar R, Dubey S, Pandit A. Penicillamine for Hypermanganesemia With Dystonia, Polycythemia, and Cirrhosis in 2 Sisters. Neurology 2020; 96:123-125. [PMID: 33268559 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Dutta
- From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ritwika Majumdar
- From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Souvik Dubey
- From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Alak Pandit
- From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
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13
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Santhakumar S, Lukas J, Unnikrishnan G, Thomas B, Kesavadas C. Treatable Hereditary Manganese Transport Disorder: Novel SLC30A10 Mutation and its Characteristic Neuroimaging Appearance in Two Siblings. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 10:305-310. [PMID: 34849276 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypermanganesemia with dystonia and polycythemia along with liver cirrhosis is a rare syndromic complex that is associated with a characteristic genetic mutation and a typical appearance in the T1-weighted noncontrast image. In this article, we reported the neuroimaging findings of two siblings affected by this syndrome. There are few reported cases in literature with similar findings. Diagnosing this problem will help in improving the outcomes as the condition is treatable. We reviewed the clinical and imaging findings of this condition and the differential diagnosis related to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilvelan Santhakumar
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Jospaul Lukas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Gopikrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Kesavadas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Balachandran RC, Mukhopadhyay S, McBride D, Veevers J, Harrison FE, Aschner M, Haynes EN, Bowman AB. Brain manganese and the balance between essential roles and neurotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6312-6329. [PMID: 32188696 PMCID: PMC7212623 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.009453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for the normal development of many organs, including the brain. Although its roles as a cofactor in several enzymes and in maintaining optimal physiology are well-known, the overall biological functions of Mn are rather poorly understood. Alterations in body Mn status are associated with altered neuronal physiology and cognition in humans, and either overexposure or (more rarely) insufficiency can cause neurological dysfunction. The resultant balancing act can be viewed as a hormetic U-shaped relationship for biological Mn status and optimal brain health, with changes in the brain leading to physiological effects throughout the body and vice versa. This review discusses Mn homeostasis, biomarkers, molecular mechanisms of cellular transport, and neuropathological changes associated with disruptions of Mn homeostasis, especially in its excess, and identifies gaps in our understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying Mn homeostasis and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Danielle McBride
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Erin N Haynes
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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15
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Winslow JW, Limesand KH, Zhao N. The Functions of ZIP8, ZIP14, and ZnT10 in the Regulation of Systemic Manganese Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093304. [PMID: 32392784 PMCID: PMC7246657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential nutrient, manganese is required for the regulation of numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, neuronal health, immune cell function, and antioxidant defense. However, excess manganese in the body is toxic and produces symptoms of neurological and behavioral defects, clinically known as manganism. Therefore, manganese balance needs to be tightly controlled. In the past eight years, mutations of genes encoding metal transporters ZIP8 (SLC39A8), ZIP14 (SLC39A14), and ZnT10 (SLC30A10) have been identified to cause dysregulated manganese homeostasis in humans, highlighting the critical roles of these genes in manganese metabolism. This review focuses on the most recent advances in the understanding of physiological functions of these three identified manganese transporters and summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying how the loss of functions in these genes leads to impaired manganese homeostasis and human diseases.
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16
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Abstract
Metals are essential components in all forms of life required for the function of nearly half of all enzymes and are critically involved in virtually all fundamental biological processes. Especially, the transition metals iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) are crucial micronutrients known to play vital roles in metabolism as well due to their unique redox properties. Metals carry out three major functions within metalloproteins: to provide structural support, to serve as enzymatic cofactors, and to mediate electron transportation. Metal ions are also involved in the immune system from metal allergies to nutritional immunity. Within the past decade, much attention has been drawn to the roles of metal ions in the immune system, since increasing evidence has mounted to suggest that metals are critically implicated in regulating both the innate immune sensing of and the host defense against invading pathogens. The importance of ions in immunity is also evidenced by the identification of various immunodeficiencies in patients with mutations in ion channels and transporters. In addition, cancer immunotherapy has recently been conclusively demonstrated to be effective and important for future tumor treatment, although only a small percentage of cancer patients respond to immunotherapy because of inadequate immune activation. Importantly, metal ion-activated immunotherapy is becoming an effective and potential way in tumor therapy for better clinical application. Nevertheless, we are still in a primary stage of discovering the diverse immunological functions of ions and mechanistically understanding the roles of these ions in immune regulation. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of metal-controlled immunity. Particular emphasis is put on the mechanisms of innate immune stimulation and T cell activation by the essential metal ions like calcium (Ca2+), zinc (Zn2+), manganese (Mn2+), iron (Fe2+/Fe3+), and potassium (K+), followed by a few unessential metals, in order to draw a general diagram of metalloimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengze Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Morales-Briceño H, Mohammad SS, Post B, Fois AF, Dale RC, Tchan M, Fung VSC. Clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes of genetic parkinsonism from infancy to adolescence. Brain 2019; 143:751-770. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGenetic early-onset parkinsonism presenting from infancy to adolescence (≤21 years old) is a clinically diverse syndrome often combined with other hyperkinetic movement disorders, neurological and imaging abnormalities. The syndrome is genetically heterogeneous, with many causative genes already known. With the increased use of next-generation sequencing in clinical practice, there have been novel and unexpected insights into phenotype-genotype correlations and the discovery of new disease-causing genes. It is now recognized that mutations in a single gene can give rise to a broad phenotypic spectrum and that, conversely different genetic disorders can manifest with a similar phenotype. Accurate phenotypic characterization remains an essential step in interpreting genetic findings in undiagnosed patients. However, in the past decade, there has been a marked expansion in knowledge about the number of both disease-causing genes and phenotypic spectrum of early-onset cases. Detailed knowledge of genetic disorders and their clinical expression is required for rational planning of genetic and molecular testing, as well as correct interpretation of next-generation sequencing results. In this review we examine the relevant literature of genetic parkinsonism with ≤21 years onset, extracting data on associated movement disorders as well as other neurological and imaging features, to delineate syndromic patterns associated with early-onset parkinsonism. Excluding PRKN (parkin) mutations, >90% of the presenting phenotypes have a complex or atypical presentation, with dystonia, abnormal cognition, pyramidal signs, neuropsychiatric disorders, abnormal imaging and abnormal eye movements being the most common features. Furthermore, several imaging features and extraneurological manifestations are relatively specific for certain disorders and are important diagnostic clues. From the currently available literature, the most commonly implicated causes of early-onset parkinsonism have been elucidated but diagnosis is still challenging in many cases. Mutations in ∼70 different genes have been associated with early-onset parkinsonism or may feature parkinsonism as part of their phenotypic spectrum. Most of the cases are caused by recessively inherited mutations, followed by dominant and X-linked mutations, and rarely by mitochondrially inherited mutations. In infantile-onset parkinsonism, the phenotype of hypokinetic-rigid syndrome is most commonly caused by disorders of monoamine synthesis. In childhood and juvenile-onset cases, common genotypes include PRKN, HTT, ATP13A2, ATP1A3, FBX07, PINK1 and PLA2G6 mutations. Moreover, Wilson’s disease and mutations in the manganese transporter are potentially treatable conditions and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in any patient with early-onset parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Morales-Briceño
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Neurology Department, Children’s Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Bart Post
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC) Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro F Fois
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Neurology Department, Children’s Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Michel Tchan
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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18
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Yapici Z, Tuschl K, Eraksoy M. Hypermanganesemia with Dystonia 1: A Novel Mutation and Response to Iron Supplementation. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 7:94-96. [PMID: 31970220 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Yapici
- Department of Child Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Capa-Fatih Istanbul
| | - Karin Tuschl
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Kings College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College London London United Kingdom.,University College London, Great Ormond Street (UCL GOS) Institute of Child Health London United Kingdom
| | - Mefkure Eraksoy
- Department of Child Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Capa-Fatih Istanbul
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19
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Zogzas CE, Mukhopadhyay S. Putative metal binding site in the transmembrane domain of the manganese transporter SLC30A10 is different from that of related zinc transporters. Metallomics 2019; 10:1053-1064. [PMID: 29989630 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00115d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SLC30 proteins belong to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) superfamily of metal transporters. SLC30A10 mediates manganese efflux, while other SLC30 members transport zinc. Metal specificity of CDFs may be conferred by amino acids that form a transmembrane metal binding site (Site A). Site A of zinc-transporting CDFs, such as SLC30A1/ZnT1, have a HXXXD motif, but manganese transporters, such as SLC30A10, harbor a NXXXD motif. This critical histidine-to-asparagine substitution, at residue 43, was proposed to underlie manganese transport specificity of SLC30A10. However, we recently discovered that asparagine-43 was dispensable for manganese efflux in HeLa cells; instead, glutamate-25, aspartate-40, asparagine-127, and aspartate-248 were required. In contrast, another group reported that asparagine-43 was required in a chicken cell line. The goal of this study was to resolve the divergent results about the requirement of the crucial asparagine-43 residue. For this, we compared the manganese efflux activity of four cell types that stably over-expressed SLC30A10wild-type (WT), SLC30A10N43A or SLC30A10E25A: physiologically-relevant hepatic HepG2 and neuronal AF5 cells, HEK cells, and embryonic fibroblasts from Slc30a10-/- mice. In all cell types, manganese efflux activity of SLC30A10N43A was comparable to WT, while SLC30A10E25A lacked activity. Importantly, unlike SLC30A10, the histidine residue of the HXXXD motif of SLC30A1/ZnT1 was required for zinc transport. These results imply that the mechanisms of ion coordination within the transmembrane domain of SLC30A10 substantially differ from previously-studied CDFs, suggest that factors beyond Site A residues may confer metal specificity to CDFs, and improve understanding of the pathobiology of manganese toxicity due to mutations in SLC30A10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Zogzas
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 3.510E BME, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This article provides an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of inherited manganese transporter defects. Recent Findings Identification of a new group of manganese transportopathies has greatly advanced our understanding of how manganese homeostasis is regulated in vivo. While the manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 and the uptake transporter SLC39A14 work synergistically to reduce the manganese load, SLC39A8 has an opposing function facilitating manganese uptake into the organism. Bi-allelic mutations in any of these transporter proteins disrupt the manganese equilibrium and lead to neurological disease: Hypermanganesaemia with dystonia 1 (SLC30A10 deficiency) and hypermanganesaemia with dystonia 2 (SLC39A14 deficiency) are characterised by manganese neurotoxicity while SLC39A8 mutations cause a congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIn due to Mn deficiency. Summary Inherited manganese transporter defects are an important differential diagnosis of paediatric movement disorders. Manganese blood levels and MRI brain are diagnostic and allow early diagnosis to avoid treatment delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anagianni
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - K Tuschl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK. .,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London,, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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21
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Ebrahimi‐Fakhari D, Van Karnebeek C, Münchau A. Movement Disorders in Treatable Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Mov Disord 2018; 34:598-613. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi‐Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Clara Van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam University Medical Centres Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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22
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Marti-Sanchez L, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Darling A, Villaronga M, Baide H, Molero-Luis M, Batllori M, Vanegas MI, Muchart J, Aquino L, Artuch R, Macaya A, Kurian MA, Dueñas P. Hypermanganesemia due to mutations in SLC39A14: further insights into Mn deposition in the central nervous system. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:28. [PMID: 29382362 PMCID: PMC5791243 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SLC39A14, SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 are considered to be key genes involved in manganese (Mn) homeostasis in humans. Mn levels in plasma and urine are useful tools for early recognition of these disorders. We aimed to explore further biomarkers of Mn deposition in the central nervous system in two siblings presenting with acute dystonia and hypermanganesemia due to mutations in SLC39A14. These biomarkers may help clinicians to establish faster and accurate diagnosis and to monitor disease progression after chelation therapy is administered. Results A customized gene panel for movement disorders revealed a novel missense variant (c.311G > T; p.Ser104Ile) in SLC39A14 gene in two siblings presenting at the age of 10 months with acute dystonia and motor regression. Mn concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled mass spectrometry in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, disclosing elevated Mn levels in the index case compared to control patients. Surprisingly, Mn values were 3-fold higher in CSF than in plasma. We quantified the pallidal index, defined as the ratio between the signal intensity in the globus pallidus and the subcortical frontal white matter in axial T1-weighted MRI, and found significantly higher values in the SLC39A14 patient than in controls. These values increased over a period of 10 years, suggesting the relentless pallidal accumulation of Mn. Following genetic confirmation, a trial with the Mn chelator Na2CaEDTA led to a reduction in plasma Mn, zinc and selenium levels. However, parents reported worsening of cervical dystonia, irritability and sleep difficulties and chelation therapy was discontinued. Conclusions Our study expands the very few descriptions of patients with SLC39A14 mutations. We report for the first time the elevation of Mn in CSF of SLC39A14 mutated patients, supporting the hypothesis that brain is an important organ of Mn deposition in SLC39A14-related disease. The pallidal index is an indirect and non-invasive method that can be used to rate disease progression on follow-up MRIs. Finally, we propose that patients with inherited defects of manganese transport should be initially treated with low doses of Na2CaEDTA followed by gradual dose escalation, together with a close monitoring of blood trace elements in order to avoid side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marti-Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J D Ortigoza-Escobar
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Darling
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Villaronga
- Department of Pharmacy, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Baide
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Molero-Luis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Batllori
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M I Vanegas
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Muchart
- Department of Radiology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Aquino
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Hospital de Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Artuch
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Macaya
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Pérez Dueñas
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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