1
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Primak A, Bozov K, Rubina K, Dzhauari S, Neyfeld E, Illarionova M, Semina E, Sheleg D, Tkachuk V, Karagyaur M. Morphogenetic theory of mental and cognitive disorders: the role of neurotrophic and guidance molecules. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1361764. [PMID: 38646100 PMCID: PMC11027769 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1361764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental illness and cognitive disorders represent a serious problem for the modern society. Many studies indicate that mental disorders are polygenic and that impaired brain development may lay the ground for their manifestation. Neural tissue development is a complex and multistage process that involves a large number of distant and contact molecules. In this review, we have considered the key steps of brain morphogenesis, and the major molecule families involved in these process. The review provides many indications of the important contribution of the brain development process and correct functioning of certain genes to human mental health. To our knowledge, this comprehensive review is one of the first in this field. We suppose that this review may be useful to novice researchers and clinicians wishing to navigate the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Primak
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Bozov
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stalik Dzhauari
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Neyfeld
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Education “A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Illarionova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Semina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Sheleg
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Education “A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Tkachuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Karagyaur
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Wowra B, Dobrowolski D, Parekh M, Wylęgała E. General Treatment and Ophthalmic Management of Peters' Anomaly. J Clin Med 2024; 13:532. [PMID: 38256667 PMCID: PMC10816361 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Peters' anomaly (PA) is a manifestation of complex disorders in the development of the anterior segment of the eye. The most recognizable feature of the disease is a doughnut-shaped central corneal opacity and adhesions between the opacity and underlying iris. Glaucoma is observed in 30-70% of patients, with up to 50% of the patients showing concomitant vision-threatening disorders. Up to 60% of patients have systemic abnormalities or developmental delays. Being a rare malformation, PA is one of the most common congenital indications for corneal transplantation in infants. Penetrating keratoplasty is used as the primary method of treatment in cases with corneal opacification of a degree that forbids visual development in both eyes. The heterogeneity of co-occurring ophthalmic and systemic malformations in the spectrum of PA determines the wide range of success, defined by various endpoints: graft clarity or visual acuity. Although surgical advancement has made corneal grafting possible in younger children, it has a higher graft failure rate and worse visual prognosis than adult keratoplasty. Optical sector iridectomy, pupil dilation, or cornea rotation can alternatively be performed. Satisfying results of pediatric keratoprosthesis in particular cases of PA have been described. Postoperative treatment of PA aims to maintain a clear optical pathway and prevent amblyopia. This article therefore aims at reporting the ophthalmic treatment and need for multidisciplinary management of PA, including pharmacological and surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumil Wowra
- Chair and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze Medical University of Silesia, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Dobrowolski
- Chair and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze Medical University of Silesia, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Barbara Hospital, Trauma Center, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Edward Wylęgała
- Chair and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze Medical University of Silesia, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
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3
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Reis LM, Amor DJ, Haddad RA, Nowak CB, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Chisholm SA, Semina EV. Alternative Genetic Diagnoses in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1948. [PMID: 37895297 PMCID: PMC10606241 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly (ARA) is a specific ocular disorder that is frequently associated with other systemic abnormalities. PITX2 and FOXC1 variants explain the majority of individuals with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) but leave ~30% unsolved. Here, we present pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in nine families with ARA/ARS or similar phenotypes affecting five different genes/regions. USP9X and JAG1 explained three families each. USP9X was recently linked with syndromic cognitive impairment that includes hearing loss, dental defects, ventriculomegaly, Dandy-Walker malformation, skeletal anomalies (hip dysplasia), and other features showing a significant overlap with FOXC1-ARS. Anterior segment anomalies are not currently associated with USP9X, yet our cases demonstrate ARA, congenital glaucoma, corneal neovascularization, and cataracts. The identification of JAG1 variants, linked with Alagille syndrome, in three separate families with a clinical diagnosis of ARA/ARS highlights the overlapping features and high variability of these two phenotypes. Finally, intragenic variants in CDK13, BCOR, and an X chromosome deletion encompassing HCCS and AMELX (linked with ocular and dental anomalies, correspondingly) were identified in three additional cases with ARS. Accurate diagnosis has important implications for clinical management. We suggest that broad testing such as exome sequencing be applied as a second-tier test for individuals with ARS with normal results for PITX2/FOXC1 sequencing and copy number analysis, with attention to the described genes/regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David J. Amor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Raad A. Haddad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Catherine B. Nowak
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Kim M. Keppler-Noreuil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Smith Ann Chisholm
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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4
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Nielsen MS, van Opbergen CJM, van Veen TAB, Delmar M. The intercalated disc: a unique organelle for electromechanical synchrony in cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2271-2319. [PMID: 36731030 PMCID: PMC10191137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intercalated disc (ID) is a highly specialized structure that connects cardiomyocytes via mechanical and electrical junctions. Although described in some detail by light microscopy in the 19th century, it was in 1966 that electron microscopy images showed that the ID represented apposing cell borders and provided detailed insight into the complex ID nanostructure. Since then, much has been learned about the ID and its molecular composition, and it has become evident that a large number of proteins, not all of them involved in direct cell-to-cell coupling via mechanical or gap junctions, reside at the ID. Furthermore, an increasing number of functional interactions between ID components are emerging, leading to the concept that the ID is not the sum of isolated molecular silos but an interacting molecular complex, an "organelle" where components work in concert to bring about electrical and mechanical synchrony. The aim of the present review is to give a short historical account of the ID's discovery and an updated overview of its composition and organization, followed by a discussion of the physiological implications of the ID architecture and the local intermolecular interactions. The latter will focus on both the importance of normal conduction of cardiac action potentials as well as the impact on the pathophysiology of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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5
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Iwaya C, Suzuki A, Iwata J. MicroRNAs and Gene Regulatory Networks Related to Cleft Lip and Palate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3552. [PMID: 36834963 PMCID: PMC9958963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital birth defects and has a complex etiology. Either genetic or environmental factors, or both, are involved at various degrees, and the type and severity of clefts vary. One of the longstanding questions is how environmental factors lead to craniofacial developmental anomalies. Recent studies highlight non-coding RNAs as potential epigenetic regulators in cleft lip and palate. In this review, we will discuss microRNAs, a type of small non-coding RNAs that can simultaneously regulate expression of many downstream target genes, as a causative mechanism of cleft lip and palate in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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László ZI, Lele Z. Flying under the radar: CDH2 (N-cadherin), an important hub molecule in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:972059. [PMID: 36213737 PMCID: PMC9539934 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.972059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CDH2 belongs to the classic cadherin family of Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecules with a meticulously described dual role in cell adhesion and β-catenin signaling. During CNS development, CDH2 is involved in a wide range of processes including maintenance of neuroepithelial integrity, neural tube closure (neurulation), confinement of radial glia progenitor cells (RGPCs) to the ventricular zone and maintaining their proliferation-differentiation balance, postmitotic neural precursor migration, axon guidance, synaptic development and maintenance. In the past few years, direct and indirect evidence linked CDH2 to various neurological diseases, and in this review, we summarize recent developments regarding CDH2 function and its involvement in pathological alterations of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia I. László
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Lele
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Zsolt Lele,
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7
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Kanjee M, Yuce Kahraman C, Ercoskun P, Tatar A, Kahraman M. A Novel nonsense variant in the CDH2 gene associated with ACOGS: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2815-2818. [PMID: 35708058 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum, Cardiac, Ocular, and Genital Syndrome (ACOGS; OMIM #618929) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, agenesis or hypoplasia of corpus callosum, craniofacial dysmorphism, ocular, cardiac, and genital anomalies. ACOGS is caused by variations in the CDH2 gene. Our patient had a novel finding besides the classical findings of ACOGS. To the best of our knowledge, only 14 patients with ACOGS have been reported. Here, we reported the fifteenth patient with ACOGS, having a novel de novo nonsense variant in the CDH2 gene, and the first patient from Turkey with a novel finding. Our patient was the first female to have a renal anomaly since only genital malformations were reported in male patients (cryptorchidism, micropenis) so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momen Kanjee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Pelin Ercoskun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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8
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Chen Y, Sun Q, Hao C, Guo R, Wang C, Yang W, Zhang Y, Wang F, Li W, Guo J. Identification of a novel variant in N-cadherin associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:944950. [PMID: 36111109 PMCID: PMC9468813 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.944950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is a major cause of heart failure, is a primary cardiac muscle disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. DCM is a genetically heritable disease and more than 10 gene ontologies have been implicated in DCM. CDH2 encodes N-cadherin and belongs to a superfamily of transmembrane proteins that mediate cell–cell adhesion in a calcium-dependent manner. Deficiency of CDH2 is associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (OMIM: 618920) and agenesis of the corpus callosum, cardiac, ocular, and genital syndrome (OMIM: 618929). However, there have been no reports of isolated DCM associated with CDH2 deficiency. Methods We performed whole exome sequencing in a 12-year-old girl with non-syndromic DCM and her unaffected parents. Variants in both known DCM-related genes and novel candidate genes were analyzed and pathogenicity confirmation experiments were performed. Results No pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in known DCM-related genes was identified in the patient. We found a de novo variant in a candidate gene CDH2 in the patient, namely, c.474G>C/p.Lys158Asn (NM_001792.5). This variant has not been reported in the ClinVar or Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). CDH2 p.Lys158Asn was found in the conserved domain of N-cadherin, which is associated with the hydrolysis of the precursor segment and interference with adhesiveness. Furthermore, we tested the expression and efficiency of cell–cell adhesion while overexpressing the CDH2 Lys158Asn mutant and two previously reported variants in CDH2 as positive controls. The adhesion efficiency was considerably reduced in the presence of the mutated CDH2 protein compared with wild-type CDH2 protein, which suggested that the mutated CDH2 protein's adhesion capacity was impaired. The variant was probably pathogenic after integrating clinical manifestations, genetic analysis, and functional tests. Conclusion We identified a CDH2 variant in DCM. We observed a new clinical symptom associated with N-cadherin deficiency and broadened the genetic spectra of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiqing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruolan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chentong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Guo
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9
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Chesneau B, Aubert-Mucca M, Fremont F, Pechmeja J, Soler V, Isidor B, Nizon M, Dollfus H, Kaplan J, Fares-Taie L, Rozet JM, Busa T, Lacombe D, Naudion S, Amiel J, Rio M, Attie-Bitach T, Lesage C, Thouvenin D, Odent S, Morel G, Vincent-Delorme C, Boute O, Vanlerberghe C, Dieux A, Boussion S, Faivre L, Pinson L, Laffargue F, Le Guyader G, Le Meur G, Prieur F, Lambert V, Laudier B, Cottereau E, Ayuso C, Corton-Pérez M, Bouneau L, Le Caignec C, Gaston V, Jeanton-Scaramouche C, Dupin-Deguine D, Calvas P, Chassaing N, Plaisancié J. First evidence of SOX2 mutations in Peters' anomaly: lessons from molecular screening of 95 patients. Clin Genet 2022; 101:494-506. [PMID: 35170016 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peters' anomaly (PA) is a rare anterior segment dysgenesis characterized by central corneal opacity and irido-lenticulo-corneal adhesions. Several genes are involved in syndromic or isolated PA (B3GLCT, PAX6, PITX3, FOXE3, CYP1B1). Some Copy Number Variations (CNVs) have also been occasionally reported. Despite this genetic heterogeneity, most of patients remain without genetic diagnosis. We retrieved a cohort of 95 individuals with PA and performed genotyping using a combination of Comparative genomic hybridization, whole genome, exome and targeted sequencing of 119 genes associated with ocular development anomalies. Causative genetic defects involving 12 genes and CNVs were identified for 1/3 of patients. Unsurprisingly, B3GLCT and PAX6 were the most frequently implicated genes, respectively in syndromic and isolated PA. Unexpectedly, the third gene involved in our cohort was SOX2, the major gene of micro-anophthalmia. Four unrelated patients with PA (isolated or with microphthalmia) were carrying pathogenic variants in this gene that was never associated with PA before. Here we described the largest cohort of PA patients ever reported. The genetic bases of PA are still to be explored as genetic diagnosis was unavailable for 2/3 of patients. Nevertheless, we showed here for the first time the involvement of SOX2 in PA, offering new evidence for its role in corneal transparency and anterior segment development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Chesneau
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Félix Fremont
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU, Toulouse, France.,Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Jacmine Pechmeja
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU, Toulouse, France.,Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Soler
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU, Toulouse, France.,Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Génétique Médicale, Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Génétique Médicale, Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), Hôpitaux Universitaires, Strasbourg, France
| | - Josseline Kaplan
- Laboratoire de Génétique Ophtalmologique, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Fares-Taie
- Laboratoire de Génétique Ophtalmologique, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Rozet
- Laboratoire de Génétique Ophtalmologique, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Génétique Clinique, AP- HM CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Naudion
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-, HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement Ouest, CHU Rennes; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, ERN ITHACA, France
| | - Godelieve Morel
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement Ouest, CHU Rennes; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, ERN ITHACA, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor Lambert
- Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Carmen Ayuso
- Genetics & Genomics Department, Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD-UAM). Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corton-Pérez
- Genetics & Genomics Department, Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD-UAM). Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Calvas
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Plaisancié
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU, Toulouse, France.,INSERM U1214, ToNIC, Université Toulouse III, France
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10
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Yusuf IH, Garrett A, MacLaren RE, Issa PC. Retinal cadherins and the retinal cadherinopathies: Current concepts and future directions. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Vriend I, Oegema R. Genetic causes underlying grey matter heterotopia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 35:82-92. [PMID: 34666232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) can cause of seizures and are associated with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders and syndromes. They are caused by a failure of neuronal migration during fetal development, leading to clusters of neurons that have not reached their final destination in the cerebral cortex. We have performed an extensive literature search in Pubmed, OMIM, and Google scholar and provide an overview of known genetic associations with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNVH), subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and other subcortical heterotopia (SUBH). We classified the heterotopias as PVNH, SBH, SUBH or other and collected the genetic information, frequency, imaging features and salient features in tables for every subtype of heterotopia. This resulted in 105 PVNH, 16 SBH and 25 SUBH gene/locus associations, making a total of 146 genes and chromosomal loci. Our study emphasizes the extreme genetic heterogeneity underlying GMH. It will aid the clinician in establishing an differential diagnosis and eventually a molecular diagnosis in GMH patients. A diagnosis enables proper counseling of prognosis and recurrence risks, and enables individualized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Vriend
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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12
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Ghidoni A, Elliott PM, Syrris P, Calkins H, James CA, Judge DP, Murray B, Barc J, Probst V, Schott JJ, Song JP, Hauer RNW, Hoorntje ET, van Tintelen JP, Schulze-Bahr E, Hamilton RM, Mittal K, Semsarian C, Behr ER, Ackerman MJ, Basso C, Parati G, Gentilini D, Kotta MC, Mayosi BM, Schwartz PJ, Crotti L. Cadherin 2-Related Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Prevalence and Clinical Features. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003097. [PMID: 33566628 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiac disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the right and left ventricle, often causing ventricular dysfunction and life-threatening arrhythmias. Variants in desmosomal genes account for up to 60% of cases. Our objective was to establish the prevalence and clinical features of ACM stemming from pathogenic variants in the nondesmosomal cadherin 2 (CDH2), a novel genetic substrate of ACM. METHODS A cohort of 500 unrelated patients with a definite diagnosis of ACM and no disease-causing variants in the main ACM genes was assembled. Genetic screening of CDH2 was performed through next-generation or Sanger sequencing. Whenever possible, cascade screening was initiated in the families of CDH2-positive probands, and clinical evaluation was performed. RESULTS Genetic screening of CDH2 led to the identification of 7 rare variants: 5, identified in 6 probands, were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. The previously established p.D407N pathogenic variant was detected in 2 additional probands. Probands and family members with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in CDH2 were clinically evaluated, and along with previously published cases, altogether contributed to the identification of gene-specific features (13 cases from this cohort and 11 previously published, for a total of 9 probands and 15 family members). Ventricular arrhythmic events occurred in most CDH2-positive subjects (20/24, 83%), while the occurrence of heart failure was rare (2/24, 8.3%). Among probands, sustained ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death occurred in 5/9 (56%). CONCLUSIONS In this worldwide cohort of previously genotype-negative ACM patients, the prevalence of probands with CDH2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants was 1.2% (6/500). Our data show that this cohort of CDH2-ACM patients has a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, while evolution toward heart failure is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ghidoni
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin (A.G., M.-C.K., P.J.S., L.C.), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Perry M Elliott
- Center for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (P.M.E., P.S.)
| | - Petros Syrris
- Center for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (P.M.E., P.S.)
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.C., C.A.J., B.M.)
| | - Cynthia A James
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.C., C.A.J., B.M.)
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (D.P.J.)
| | - Brittney Murray
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.C., C.A.J., B.M.)
| | - Julien Barc
- Université de Nantes (J.B.), CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, France
| | - Vincent Probst
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes (V.P., J.J.S.), CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, France.,Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart (V.P., E.S.-B., E.R.B., C.B., P.J.S., L.C.)
| | - Jean Jacques Schott
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes (V.P., J.J.S.), CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, France
| | - Jiang-Ping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.-P.S.)
| | - Richard N W Hauer
- Netherlands Heart Institute (R.N.W.H., E.T.H., J.P.v.T.), University Medical Center Utrecht.,Department of Cardiology (R.N.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Edgar T Hoorntje
- Netherlands Heart Institute (R.N.W.H., E.T.H., J.P.v.T.), University Medical Center Utrecht.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (E.T.H.)
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Netherlands Heart Institute (R.N.W.H., E.T.H., J.P.v.T.), University Medical Center Utrecht.,Department of Genetics (J.P.v.T.), University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart (V.P., E.S.-B., E.R.B., C.B., P.J.S., L.C.).,Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Germany (E.S.-B.)
| | | | - Kirti Mittal
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.M.H., K.M.)
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia (C.S.)
| | - Elijah R Behr
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart (V.P., E.S.-B., E.R.B., C.B., P.J.S., L.C.).,Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (E.R.B.)
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.J.A.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart (V.P., E.S.-B., E.R.B., C.B., P.J.S., L.C.).,Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University and Hospital of Padua, Italy (C.B.)
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cardiomyopathies Unit, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan (G.P., L.C.).,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P., L.C.)
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit (D.G.), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Maria-Christina Kotta
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin (A.G., M.-C.K., P.J.S., L.C.), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bongani M Mayosi
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Groote Schuur Hospital and Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (B.M.M.)
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin (A.G., M.-C.K., P.J.S., L.C.), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart (V.P., E.S.-B., E.R.B., C.B., P.J.S., L.C.)
| | - Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin (A.G., M.-C.K., P.J.S., L.C.), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart (V.P., E.S.-B., E.R.B., C.B., P.J.S., L.C.).,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cardiomyopathies Unit, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan (G.P., L.C.).,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P., L.C.)
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13
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Darbari E, Zare-Abdollahi D, Alavi A, Rezaei Kanavi M, Feizi S, Hosseini SB, Baradaran-Rafii A, Ahmadieh H, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Elahi E. A mutation in DOP1B identified as a probable cause for autosomal recessive Peters anomaly in a consanguineous family. Mol Vis 2020; 26:757-765. [PMID: 33273802 PMCID: PMC7700884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Peters anomaly (PA) is a heterogeneous developmental disorder characterized by central corneal opacity and iridocorneal or corneolenticular adhesions. Although many causative genes have been identified, most screened patients do not have mutations in the known genes. We aimed to identify the genetic cause of Peters anomaly in a pedigree with three affected individuals. METHODS Slit-lamp biomicroscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed for definitive diagnosis. Exome sequencing was conducted on the DNA of all three patients. After identification of a candidate causative gene, expression of the gene was assessed with real-time PCR in various ocular tissues of three human embryos and three adults. RESULTS The patients were affected with isolated PA. The parents of the patients were related to one another. Inheritance of PA was autosomal recessive. After appropriate filtering of the exome data, a homozygous variation in DOP1B remained as the only candidate genetic cause of PA in the pedigree. The variant segregated with disease status in the pedigree and was absent among 800 control Iranians. The variant has been reported in various databases at frequencies of 0.006 or less only in the heterozygous state in some cohorts of African origin. The p.Val1660 amino acid affected by the mutation is completely conserved in mammals and birds during evolution. Expression of DOP1B was shown in all adult and embryonic lens, iris, cornea, sclera, and retina tissues that were tested. CONCLUSIONS DOP1B that encodes DOP1 leucine zipper like protein B was identified as the putative PA-causing gene in pedigree PA-101. As DOP1B is positioned within the Down syndrome chromosomal region on chromosome 21, until now this gene has mostly been studied with respect to brain functions. However, members of the Dopey gene family have been shown to have roles in development in other organisms. Evidence of the expression of DOP1B in various PA-relevant eye tissues, which, to the best of our knowledge, is shown here for the first time, is to be noted. However, this finding does not necessarily implicate a specific role for DOP1B in eye development as the gene is expressed in many tissues. Ultimately, definitive assessment of the contribution of DOP1B to PA pathology awaits identification of mutations in the gene in unrelated patients with PA and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Darbari
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Zare-Abdollahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Feizi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Baradaran-Rafii
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Biocentre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Samara A, Eldaya RW. Ocular and brain imaging findings in Peters' anomaly: A case report and literature review. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:863-866. [PMID: 32382368 PMCID: PMC7200615 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peters’ anomaly is a rare congenital eye condition characterized by anterior segment dysgenesis and commonly presents as unilateral or bilateral corneal opacity in the early neonatal period. Peters’ anomaly is often associated with congenital brain and skull abnormalities, which are frequently overlooked. In this paper, we present a case of a 5-day-old female neonate with Peters’ anomaly, and review the literature for similar reports that describe associated brain imaging findings. In our case, imaging studies show abnormalities involving the anterior segments of both globes with absent intracranial manifestations. Although Peters’ anomaly is a condition of interest for ophthalmologists, radiological studies should be performed, and neuroradiologists should be aware of the imaging findings associated with this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Samara
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rami W Eldaya
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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