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Molloy A, Tailor N, Naik R, Swaminathan N, Absi M, Merlocco A, Johnson J, Sathanandam S. Off-label uses of the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder in children with congenital and acquired heart diseases. Future Cardiol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39234889 DOI: 10.1080/14796678.2024.2355057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder (APO) is approved for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion in infants weighing >700 g but could offer versatility to treat other lesions.Methods: Retrospective review of children in whom APO was utilized for defects other than PDA between January 2022 and June 2023.Results: The APO was used in nine patients; three for ventricular septal defects, four with coronary fistulas, one for a ventricular pseudoaneurysm and one where APO deployed within a fenestration of a previously placed Amplatzer Septal Occluder. All nine patients had successful occlusions without complications.Conclusion: The APO is a versatile device that can be used to treat various small diameter lesions in children besides the PDA for which it is currently approved for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Molloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Neil Tailor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ronak Naik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nithya Swaminathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohammed Absi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anthony Merlocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Ligon RA, Bhombal S, Adamson M, Hash S, Kim DW, LeFevre AS, Long JB, McLaughlin S, Mills M, Roddy K, Tucker L, Samai C, Piazza A, Hamrick SE. Impact of a Multidisciplinary Service Line and Program for Transcatheter Device Closure of the Neonatal Ductus Arteriosus. Pediatr Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00246-024-03629-z. [PMID: 39196349 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-024-03629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Outline a quality initiative establishing an institutional service line for neonatal transcatheter device closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (TDC-PDA). A retrospective descriptive observational study surrounds programmatic approach to TDC-PDA in premature neonates with process measure spanning education, implementation, referral, and post-procedural care. Metrics tracked pre- and post-program creation with statistical analyses performed. Neonatal TDC-PDA referrals increased exponentially since program inception (n = 13 in year prior; n = 42 year 1; n = 74 year 2), especially in patients weighing less than 1.3 kg (12.5%; 55%; 50%), and were associated with an increased procedural success rate (81%; 95%; 99%). Procedural checklist creation decreased procedural "out of isolette" time (median 93 min; 59; 52), and procedural-related complication or clinical sequelae (19%; 12%; 4%). A multidisciplinary service line and program dedicated to neonatal TDC-PDA can result in a significant increase in referrals as well as procedural efficacy and safety for this medically fragile population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Allen Ligon
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 2970 Brandywine Rd, Suite 125, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Shazia Bhombal
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 316 F 3rd Floor Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Marissa Adamson
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 2970 Brandywine Rd, Suite 125, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Sarah Hash
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dennis W Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 2970 Brandywine Rd, Suite 125, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | | | - Justin B Long
- Division of Anesthesiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sarah McLaughlin
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Marcos Mills
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 2970 Brandywine Rd, Suite 125, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Katie Roddy
- Division of Anesthesiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Cyrus Samai
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 2970 Brandywine Rd, Suite 125, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Anthony Piazza
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 316 F 3rd Floor Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shannon E Hamrick
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 316 F 3rd Floor Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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3
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Bischoff AR, Backes CH, Rivera B, Jasani B, Patel F, Cheung E, Sathanandam S, Philip R, McNamara PJ. Cardiorespiratory Instability after Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure: A Multicenter Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2024; 271:114052. [PMID: 38615941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate postprocedural clinical characteristics of preterm infants undergoing transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, including oxygenation/ventilation failure and cardiovascular compromise. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter retrospective cohort study of preterm infants who were ≤2 kg at the time of percutaneous PDA closure between August 2018 and July 2021. Indices of cardiorespiratory stability were collected pre-closure, immediately post-closure, and subsequently averaged every 4 hours for the first 24 hours post-procedure. The primary outcome was incidence of post-transcatheter cardiorespiratory syndrome: composite of hemodynamic instability (defined by systemic hypotension, systemic hypertension, or use of new inotropes/vasopressors in the first 24 hours after catheterization) and at least one of the following: (i) ventilation failure or (ii) oxygenation failure. RESULTS A total of 197 patients were included with a median [IQR] age and weight at catheterization of 34 [25, 43] days and 1090 [900, 1367] grams, respectively. The primary composite outcome of post-transcatheter cardiorespiratory syndrome was reported in 46 (23.3%). CONCLUSION Post-transcatheter cardiorespiratory syndrome is characterized primarily by systemic hypertension and oxygenation failure, with a very low incidence of hypotension and need for inotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne R Bischoff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Carl H Backes
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Bonny Jasani
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
| | - Foram Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
| | - Erica Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Ranjit Philip
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
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4
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Parkerson S, Sathanandam S, Molloy A. Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion in Premature Infants. Interv Cardiol Clin 2024; 13:355-368. [PMID: 38839169 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Transcatheter ductal closure has proven to be safe and effective to occlude the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants. We have developed a robust multidisciplinary PDA program. After gaining experience performing transcatheter ductal closure in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, we transitioned to performing the procedure at the patient's bedside in the neonatal intensive care unit using echocardiographic guidance. The bedside approach has the potential to expand this therapy to patients who currently undergo expectant PDA management because of lack of availability of this therapy, and allow for earlier referral, which will reduce time of exposure to this pathologic shunt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Parkerson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, 51 N Dunlap street, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, 51 N Dunlap street, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Ashley Molloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, 51 N Dunlap street, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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5
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Lembo C, Méot M, Mellul K, Aryafar A, Szézépanski I, Iacobelli S, Kermorvant-Duchemin E, Bonnet D, Malekzadeh-Milani S, Lapillonne A. Renal function after ductus arteriosus transcatheter closure with or without angiography in very preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:955-961. [PMID: 38180109 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (TCPDA) is increasingly used in preterm infants as an alternative to surgical ligation. However, clinically ill preterm infants are at risk of contrast nephropathy due to the angiography contrast agents used during the procedure. METHODS We performed a single-centre before-and-after comparative study in VLBW infants to compare the kinetics of serum creatinine during the first 4 days after TCPDA with or without angiography. RESULTS 69 patients were included and divided into two groups: TCPDA with (contrast+; n = 37) and without (contrast-, n = 32) use of contrast agent. The median dose [range] of contrast agent was 1.0 mL/kg [0.6-2.4 mL/kg]. The change in serum creatinine level between day 2 to 4 after TCPCA and baseline decreased in the contrast- group (-17% [-46%; 18%]), while it increased in the contrast+ group (7% [-24%; 202%] p = 0.002). Comparison of blood urea levels between groups showed similar significant differences. The change in serum creatinine between day 2 to 4 and baseline was significantly correlated with the dose of contrast agent (r2 = 0.682; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The use of contrast agents during TCPDA can potentially harm the renal function of very preterm infants. Therefore, we advise minimising or avoiding the use of contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lembo
- Department of Neonatology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Méot
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, APHP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Kelly Mellul
- Department of Neonatology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Annahita Aryafar
- Department of Neonatology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Szézépanski
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, APHP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Iacobelli
- Réanimation Néonatale et Pédiatrique, Néonatologie, CHU La Réunion, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Elsa Kermorvant-Duchemin
- Department of Neonatology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, APHP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Malekzadeh-Milani
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, APHP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Lapillonne
- Department of Neonatology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Hoffmann JK, Khazal Z, Apers W, Sharma P, Weismann CG, Kaganov K, Wheeler CR, Farias M, Porras D, Levy P, Morton SU. Who Still Gets Ligated? Reasons for Persistence of Surgical Ligation of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus Following Availability of Transcatheter Device Occlusion for Premature Neonates. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:132. [PMID: 38786954 PMCID: PMC11122133 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To identify reasons for the persistence of surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants after the 2019 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of transcatheter device closure; (2) Methods: We performed a 10-year (2014-2023) single-institution retrospective study of premature infants (<37 weeks) and compared clinical characteristics and neonatal morbidities between neonates that underwent surgical ligation before (epoch 1) and after (epoch 2) FDA approval of transcatheter closure; (3) Results: We identified 120 premature infants that underwent surgical ligation (n = 94 before, n = 26 after FDA approval). Unfavorable PDA morphology, active infection, and recent abdominal pathology were the most common reasons for surgical ligation over device occlusion in epoch 2. There were no differences in demographics, age at closure, or outcomes between infants who received surgical ligation in the two epochs; (4) Conclusions: Despite increasing trends for transcatheter PDA closure in premature infants, surgical ligation persists due to unfavorable ductal morphology, active infection, or abdominal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Hoffmann
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (P.L.)
| | - Zahra Khazal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (P.L.)
| | - Wievineke Apers
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (P.L.)
| | - Puneet Sharma
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (P.L.)
| | - Constance G. Weismann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kira Kaganov
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Craig R. Wheeler
- Departments of Respiratory Care and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Farias
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diego Porras
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Levy
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (P.L.)
| | - Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (P.L.)
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7
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Lai KC, Richardson T, Berman D, DeMauro SB, King BC, Lagatta J, Lee HC, Lewis T, Noori S, O'Byrne ML, Patel RM, Slaughter JL, Lakshmanan A. Current Trends in Invasive Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in United States Children's Hospitals, 2016-2021. J Pediatr 2023; 263:113712. [PMID: 37659587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the current practices in invasive patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure (surgical ligation or transcatheter occlusion) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and changes in patient characteristics and outcomes from 2016 to 2021 among US children's hospitals. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated a retrospective cohort of VLBW infants (birth weight 400-1499 g and gestational age 22-31 weeks) who had invasive PDA closure within 6 months of age from 2016 to 2021 in children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System. Changes in patient characteristics and outcomes over time were evaluated using generalized linear models and generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS 2418 VLBW infants (1182 surgical ligation; 1236 transcatheter occlusion) from 42 hospitals were included. The proportion of infants receiving transcatheter occlusion increased from 17.2% in 2016 to 84.4% in 2021 (P < .001). In 2021, 28/42 (67%) hospitals had performed transcatheter occlusion in > 80% of their VLBW infants needing invasive PDA closure, compared with only 2/42 (5%) in 2016. Although median postmenstrual age (PMA) at PDA closure did not change for the overall cohort, PMA at transcatheter occlusion decreased from 38 weeks in 2016 to 31 weeks by 2020, P < .001. Among those infants not intubated prior to PDA closure, extubation within 3 days postprocedure increased over time (yearly adjusted odds ratios of 1.26 [1.08-1.48]). Length of stay and mortality did not change over time. CONCLUSION We report rapid adoption of transcatheter occlusion for PDA among VLBW infants in US children's hospitals over time. Transcatheter occlusions were performed at younger PMA over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chi Lai
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | | | - Darren Berman
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sara B DeMauro
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian C King
- Division of Newborn Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joanne Lagatta
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Wisconsin and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Henry C Lee
- Division of Neonatology, Rady Children's Hospital and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Tamorah Lewis
- Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahab Noori
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael L O'Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ravi M Patel
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jonathan L Slaughter
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ashwini Lakshmanan
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Health Systems Science, Bernard J. Tyson Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA
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8
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Baruteau AE, Fraisse A, Butera G, Bautista-Rodriguez C. The Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Technique and Results. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:476. [PMID: 38132644 PMCID: PMC10744056 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent patent ductus arteriosus is a very common condition in preterm infants. Although there is no management agreed by consensus, despite numerous randomized controlled trials, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus increases morbidity and mortality in these vulnerable patients. Medical treatment is usually offered as first-line therapy, although it carries a limited success rate and potential severe adverse events. In recent years, transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure has fast developed and become widely accepted as a safe and efficient alternative to surgical ductal ligation in extremely low birth weight infants >700 g, using most often the dedicated Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder device. This article aims to provide an appraisal of the patients' selection process, and a step-by-step description of the procedure as well as a comprehensive review of its outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban-Elouen Baruteau
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, FHU PRECICARE, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CIC FEA 1413, INSERM, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France
- L’institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France
- UMR 1280, PhAN, INRAE, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alain Fraisse
- Pediatric Cardiology Services, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK; (A.F.); (C.B.-R.)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Gianfranco Butera
- Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Heart Lung Transplantation, ERN GUARD HEART: Bambino Gesù Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carles Bautista-Rodriguez
- Pediatric Cardiology Services, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK; (A.F.); (C.B.-R.)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2BX, UK
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9
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Francescato G, Doni D, Annoni G, Capolupo I, Ciarmoli E, Corsini I, Gatelli IF, Salvadori S, Testa A, Butera G. Transcatheter closure in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus: feasibility, results, hemodynamic monitoring and future prospectives. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:147. [PMID: 37932790 PMCID: PMC10629028 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ductal patency of preterm infants is potentially associated with long term morbidities related to either pulmonary overflow or systemic steal. When an interventional closure is needed, it can be achieved with either surgical ligation or a catheter-based approach.Transcatheter PDA closure is among the safest of interventional cardiac procedures and it is the first choice for ductal closure in adults, children, and infants weighing more than 6 kg. In preterm and very low birth weight infants, it is increasingly becoming a valid and safe alternative to ligation, especially for the high success rate and the minor invasiveness and side effects. Nevertheless, being it performed at increasingly lower weights and gestational ages, hemodynamic complications are possible events to be foreseen.Procedural steps, timing, results, possible complications and available monitoring systems, as well as future outlooks are here discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Francescato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Doni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annoni
- Pediatric Cardiology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Irma Capolupo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ciarmoli
- U.O. Di Neonatologia, Patologia Neonatale E Pediatria, ASST Della Brianza, P.O. Vimercate, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Iuri Corsini
- Division of Neonatalogy, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Italo Francesco Gatelli
- Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salvadori
- Women and Child Health Department, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera -Università Di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Testa
- Sapienza School for Advanced Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Butera
- Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Heart Lung Transplantation; ERN GUARD HEART: Bambino Gesù Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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10
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Mumtaz ZA, Sagar P, Sivakumar K, Mohakud AR, Rajendran M, Pavithran S. Risk factors associated with device embolisation or malposition during transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:2041-2048. [PMID: 36515000 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122003973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Device embolisation is a serious adverse event during transcatheter duct closure. This study analyses risk factors for embolisation. METHODS Demographic parameters, echocardiographic anatomy, haemodynamics, and procedural characteristics of consecutive duct closures in a tertiary centre over 8 years were analysed. Procedures complicated by embolisation were compared to uncomplicated procedures. RESULTS Fifteen embolisations occurred during 376 procedures. All except one embolisation were in infants. The pulmonary artery: aortic pressure ratio was 0.78 ± 0.22. Embolisation was seen significantly more commonly in Type C tubular ducts. Vascular plugs were more significantly associated with embolisations. Logistic regression analysis showed device embolisation was significantly higher in age group of < 6 months compared to 6-12 months (p = 0.02), higher in those with tubular ducts versus conical ducts (p = 0.003), use of vascular plugs compared to conventional duct occluders (p = 0.05), and in duct closure with undersized devices (p = 0.001). There was no in-hospital mortality. Three patients needed surgical retrieval while others were successfully managed in catheterisation laboratory. CONCLUSIONS Device embolisation complicates 4% of transcatheter duct closures, with need for surgery in one-fifth of them. Larger ducts with high pulmonary artery pressures in younger and smaller infants are more often associated with device embolisation. Tubular ducts are more prone for embolisation compared to usual conical ducts. Softer vascular plugs are often associated with embolisations. Intentional device undersizing to avoid vascular obstruction in small patients is a frequent risk factor for embolisation. Precise echocardiographic measurements, correct occluder choice, proper technique and additional care in patients with high pulmonary artery pressures are mandatory to minimise embolisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan A Mumtaz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
| | - Pramod Sagar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
| | - Kothandam Sivakumar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
| | - Asish R Mohakud
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
| | - Monica Rajendran
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
| | - Sreeja Pavithran
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
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11
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Bischoff AR, Kennedy KF, Backes CH, Sathanandam S, McNamara PJ. Percutaneous Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants ≤2 kg: IMPACT Registry Insights. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023061460. [PMID: 37529882 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure is becoming the standard of care for definitive closure in progressively smaller and younger neonates. The objective of this study was to assess safety and feasibility of percutaneous PDA closure in patients ≤2 kg. METHODS This was a cohort study using the IMPACT Registry (Improving Pediatric and Adult Congenital Treatments) from the American College of Cardiology Foundation's National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Patients who were ≤2 kg at the time of percutaneous PDA closure were included. The primary outcome was the composite of technical failure and/or major adverse event. RESULTS A total of 1587 attempted PDA closures were included, with a 3% incidence of technical failure and 5.5% incidence of the composite outcome. Major adverse events were observed in 3.8% of the patients; the most common events were device embolization requiring retrieval and unplanned cardiac or vascular surgery in 1.3% and 1.3% of cases, respectively. The incidence of the composite outcome was associated with the need for arterial access (P < .001) as well as annual hospital volume of percutaneous PDA closures in infants ≤2 kg (P = .001). The incidence of the composite outcome has decreased overtime, whereas median weight at the time of procedure has also diminished. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous PDA closure appears to be safe and feasible procedures in infants ≤2 kg. The incidence of major adverse events has continued to decline over the years and seems to have a strong correlation with individual center case volumes and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl H Backes
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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12
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Aw TC, Chan B, Singh Y. Transport and Anaesthesia Consideration for Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Premature Infants. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:377. [PMID: 37754806 PMCID: PMC10531776 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants has been proven to be a feasible and safe technique with promising results when compared to surgical ligation. However, managing transport and anaesthesia in extremely premature infants with haemodynamically significant PDA and limited reserves presents unique challenges. This review article focuses on the key considerations throughout the clinical pathway for the PDA device closure, including referral hospital consultation, patient selection, intra- and inter-hospital transport, and anaesthesia management. The key elements encompass comprehensive patient assessment, meticulous airway management, optimised ventilation strategies, precise thermoregulation, patient-tailored sedation protocols, vigilant haemodynamic monitoring, and safe transport measures throughout the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative phases. A multidisciplinary approach enhances the chances of procedure success, improves patient outcomes, and minimises the risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Chen Aw
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Belinda Chan
- Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Yogen Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 92354, USA
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13
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Sathanandam S, McNamara P, Pedra C, Toyoshima K, Malekzadeh-Milani S, Patkai J, Baspinar O, Uslu HS, Promphan W, Khorana M, Wang JN, Lin YC, Fujii T, Mainzer G, Salazar-Lizárraga D, Márquez-Gonzalez H, Popat H, Mervis J, Hong NS, Alwi M, Wonwandee R, Schranz D, Stanimir G, Philip R, Ing F. A Global Perspective on PDA Management in the Extremely Premature: Shifting Trend Toward Transcatheter Closure. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY & INTERVENTIONS 2023; 2:100968. [PMID: 39131651 PMCID: PMC11307882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2023.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequently encountered defect in infants born extremely premature (≤26 weeks' gestation). Historically, closure of the PDA was performed using cyclooxygenase inhibitor medications or by surgical ligations. However, the benefits of PDA closure using these therapies have never been demonstrated, albeit studies have previously not focused on the extremely premature infants. Therefore, there was a worldwide trend toward conservative management of the PDA. With improved survival of extremely premature infants, comorbidities associated with the PDA has increased, resulting in finding alternate treatments such as transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure (TCPC) for this population. Currently, there is a renewed interest toward selective treatment of the PDA in this high-risk cohort of small infants. This Comprehensive Review article inspects the globally changing trends in the management of the PDA in premature infants, with a special focus on the rising adoption of TCPC. Moreover, this article compiles data from several neonatal networks worldwide to help understand the problem at hand. Understanding the current management of premature infants and their outcomes is fundamentally essential if pediatric cardiologists are to offer TCPC as a viable therapeutic option for this population. This article aims to serve as a guide for pediatric cardiologists on this topic by compiling the results on landmark clinical trials on PDA management and the controversies that arise from these trials. Comparative outcomes from several countries are presented, including interpretations and opinions of the data from experts globally. This is a step toward coming to a global consensus in PDA management in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sathanandam
- LeBonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Carlos Pedra
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Patkai
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Hasan Sinan Uslu
- Istanbul Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Worakan Promphan
- Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Meera Khorana
- Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Himanshu Popat
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan Mervis
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neoh Siew Hong
- Kuala Lumpur Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazeni Alwi
- Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Ranjit Philip
- LeBonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Frank Ing
- UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
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14
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Deb P, Benerjee A, Som T, Barik R. Transcatheter Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using a Piccolo Duct Occluder. Cureus 2022; 14:e28226. [PMID: 36017479 PMCID: PMC9392987 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is feasible in low-birth-weight infants. A female baby was born prematurely with a birth weight of 924 g. She had a PDA measuring 3.7 mm. She was dependent on positive pressure ventilation for congestive heart failure in addition to the heart failure medications. She could not be discharged from the hospital even after 79 days of birth, and even though her weight reached 1.9 kg in the neonatal intensive care unit. We attempted to plug the PDA using an Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder, but the device failed to anchor. Then, the PDA was plugged using a 4-6 Amplatzer Duct Occluder using a 6-Fr sheath which was challenging.
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15
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Kılıç Y, Irdem AK, Doyurgan O, Özlem G, Balik H, Bıcak EA, Salik F, Aldudak B. Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus through left anterior mini-thoracotomy in preterm infants. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:1-6. [PMID: 35611831 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122001603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patent ductus arteriosus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in very low birth weight infants. The aim of the study is to report our single-centre short-term results of preterm patients who underwent ligation through left anterior mini-thoracotomy . METHODS Data of 27 preterm infants operated by the same surgeon who underwent Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure with left anterior mini-thoracotomy technique between November 2020 and January 2022 at a single institution were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to their weight at the time of surgery. Data on early postoperative outcomes and survival rates after discharge were collected. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients with a mean (±SD) gestational age of 25.8 (±2.0) weeks and a mean birth weight of 1027 (±423) g were operated using left anterior mini-thoracotomy technique. The lowest body weight was 480 g. Complications such as bleeding, abnormal healing of incision, or pneumothorax were not seen. There were 8 mortalities after the operation (29,6 %). The causes of the deaths were sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, hydrops fetalis, hepatoblastoma, and intracranial bleeding. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of complication between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Left anterior mini-thoracotomy technique can be performed as the first choice when transcatheter intervention cannot be applied in preterm infants. It provides easy access to the PDA, a good exposure, minimal contact with the lungs, good cosmetic results in early and mid-term and shortens the operation time, especially in very low birth weight preterm babies. However, early ligation may be helpful to minimise the complications related to PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiğit Kılıç
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Dr. Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kuddusi Irdem
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Dr. Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Onur Doyurgan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Dr. Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Gül Özlem
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Balik
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Esra Aktiz Bıcak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr. Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Fikret Salik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Bedri Aldudak
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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16
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Nasef MA, Sullivan DO, Ng LY, Walsh KP, Oslizlok P, McCrossan B, Kenny D, Sathanandam S. Use of the Medtronic Microvascular Plug 7Q for transcatheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus in infants weighing less than 2.5 kg. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 99:1545-1550. [PMID: 35094486 PMCID: PMC9543682 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The sole Food and Drug Administration‐approved device for transcatheter closure of the patent arterial duct in premature infants is indicated for patent ductus arteriosus (PDAs) ≤ 4 mm in diameter. We report a two‐center experience with transcatheter closure of large PDAs (>4 mm) in infants weighing <2.5 kg using the Microvascular Plug 7Q (MVP‐7Q) device. Methods This is a retrospective review of departmental databases and medical charts to define patient cohort and report demographic, procedural, and follow‐up data. Results Twenty‐two patients (12 male) with a median gestational age and birthweight of 25.5 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] = 24–28) and 800 g (572–1075), respectively, underwent attempted PDA occlusion with the MVP‐7Q using a transvenous approach. The median age and weight at the time of PDA occlusion was 32 days (IQR = 24–28) and 1100 g (IQR = 960–1700), respectively. The median PDA length was 12 mm (IQR = 11–12.65). The median PDA diameters at the aortic and pulmonary ends were 5.1 (IQR = 4.9–5.5) and 4.8 mm (IQR = 4.6–5.3), respectively. Successful device occlusion was achieved in 20 patients (91%). There were two failed attempts: One due to inappropriate sizing, and the other secondary to left pulmonary artery stenosis. There were no procedural complications and no residual shunting on follow‐up. Conclusions The MVP‐7Q is safe and effective for transcatheter closure of large (>4 mm) PDAs in infants <2.5 kg. The lack of retention disks may help with avoiding impingement on surrounding vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al Nasef
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland
| | - Donnchadh O. Sullivan
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland
| | - Li Yen Ng
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Walsh
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland
| | - Paul Oslizlok
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland
| | - Brian McCrossan
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland
| | - Damien Kenny
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis Tennessee USA
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17
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Kuntz MT, Staffa SJ, Graham D, Faraoni D, Levy P, DiNardo J, Maschietto N, Nasr VG. Trend and Outcomes for Surgical Versus Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Neonates and Infants at US Children's Hospitals. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 11:e022776. [PMID: 34970919 PMCID: PMC9075185 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Pharmacologic therapy for patent ductus arteriosus closure is not consistently successful. Surgical ligation (SL) or transcatheter closure (TC) may be needed. Large multicenter analyses comparing outcomes and resource use between SL and TC are lacking. We hypothesized that patients undergoing TC have improved outcomes compared with SL, including mortality, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and mechanical ventilation. Methods and Results Using the 2016 to 2020 Pediatric Health Information System database, characteristics, outcomes, and charges of patients aged <1 year who underwent TC or SL were analyzed. A total of 678 inpatients undergoing TC (n=503) or SL (n=175) were identified. Surgical patients were younger (0.1 versus 0.53 years; P<0.001) and more premature (60% versus 20.3%; P<0.001). Surgical patients had higher mortality (1.7% versus 0%; P=0.02). Using inverse probability of treatment weighting by the propensity score, multivariable-adjusted analyses demonstrated favorable outcomes in TC: intensive care unit admission rates (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.2; 95% CI, 0.11-0.32; P<0.001); mechanical ventilation rates (adjusted OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.19-0.56; P<0.001); and shorter hospital (adjusted coefficient, 2 days shorter; 95% CI, 1.3-2.7; P<0.001) and postoperative (adjusted coefficient, 1.2 days shorter; 95% CI, 0.1-2.3; P=0.039) stays. Overall charges and readmission rates were similar. Among premature neonates and infants, hospital (adjusted difference in medians, 4 days; 95% CI, 1.7-6.3 days; P<0.001) and postoperative stays (adjusted difference in medians, 3 days; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9 days; P=0.002) were longer for SL. Conclusions TC is associated with lower mortality and reduced length of stay compared with SL. Rates of TC continue to increase compared with SL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kuntz
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt Nashville TN
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Dionne Graham
- Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - David Faraoni
- Arthur S. Keats Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Texas Children's HospitalBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Philip Levy
- Division of Newborn Medicine Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - James DiNardo
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Nicola Maschietto
- Department of Cardiology Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Viviane G Nasr
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
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18
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Méot M, Haddad RN, Patkai J, Abu Zahira I, Di Marzio A, Szezepanski I, Bajolle F, Kermorvant E, Lapillonne A, Bonnet D, Malekzadeh-Milani S. Spontaneous Closure of the Arterial Duct after Transcatheter Closure Attempt in Preterm Infants. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121138. [PMID: 34943334 PMCID: PMC8700662 DOI: 10.3390/children8121138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Transcatheter closure of the patent arterial duct (TCPDA) in preterm infants is an emerging procedure. Patent arterial duct (PDA) spontaneous closure after failed TCPDA attempts is seen but reasons and outcomes are not reported; (2) Methods: We retrospectively included all premature infants <2 kg with abandoned TCPDA procedures from our institutional database between September 2017 and August 2021. Patients’ data and outcomes were reviewed; (3) Results: The procedure was aborted in 14/130 patients referred for TCPDA. Two patients had spasmed PDA upon arrival in the catheterization laboratory and had no intervention. One patient had ductal spasm after guidewire cross. Four patients had unsuitable PDA size/shape for closure. In seven patients, device closure was not possible without causing obstruction on adjacent vessels. Among the 12 patients with attempted TCPDA, five had surgery on a median of 3 days after TCPDA and seven had a spontaneous PDA closure within a median of 3 days after the procedure. Only the shape of the PDA differed between the surgical ligation group (short and conical) and spontaneous closure group (F-type); (4) Conclusions: In the case of TCPDA failure, mechanically induced spontaneous closure may occur early after the procedure. Surgical ligation should be postponed when clinically tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Méot
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes—M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (R.N.H.); (I.A.Z.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (D.B.); (S.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-144494357
| | - Raymond N. Haddad
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes—M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (R.N.H.); (I.A.Z.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (D.B.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Juliana Patkai
- Neonatology Department, Port-Royal Hospital, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Ibrahim Abu Zahira
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes—M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (R.N.H.); (I.A.Z.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (D.B.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Anna Di Marzio
- Anesthesiology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Isabelle Szezepanski
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes—M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (R.N.H.); (I.A.Z.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (D.B.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes—M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (R.N.H.); (I.A.Z.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (D.B.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Elsa Kermorvant
- Neonatology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (E.K.); (A.L.)
- UFR de Médecine, Université de Paris, Site Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Lapillonne
- Neonatology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (E.K.); (A.L.)
- UFR de Médecine, Université de Paris, Site Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes—M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (R.N.H.); (I.A.Z.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (D.B.); (S.M.-M.)
- UFR de Médecine, Université de Paris, Site Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Malekzadeh-Milani
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes—M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; (R.N.H.); (I.A.Z.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (D.B.); (S.M.-M.)
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19
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Scerbo D, Cua CL, Rivera BK, Marzec LC, Smith CV, Slaughter JL, Berman DP, Backes CH. Percutaneous Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very-Low-Weight Infants. Neoreviews 2021; 21:e469-e478. [PMID: 32611564 DOI: 10.1542/neo.21-7-e469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In view of the known complications of drug therapy and open surgical ligation, and the potential for prolonged patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) exposure to be harmful, health care practitioners have sought new approaches to achieve definitive ductal closure. Interest in percutaneous (catheter-based) PDA closure has emerged within the neonatal community as a viable treatment option, because it has been fueled by recent procedural and device modifications, as well as mounting feasibility and safety data. Herein, we provide a contemporary review of percutaneous PDA closure among infants at the crux of the medical debate-very-low-weight infants (≤1,500 g), including: 1) characterization of traditional PDA treatments (drug therapy, open surgical ligation) and conservative (nonintervention) management options; 2) a general overview of the major procedural steps of percutaneous ductal closure, including efforts to reduce thrombotic complications and the emergence of a novel US Food and Drug Administration-approved device; 3) a systematic review and meta-analysis to better understand risk profiles of percutaneous PDA closure in this population; and 4) discussion of current gaps in our understanding of optimal PDA care, including the critical need for well-designed, randomized, controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Scerbo
- The Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH.,Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Clifford L Cua
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian K Rivera
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Laura C Marzec
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Charles V Smith
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan L Slaughter
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH
| | - Darren P Berman
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Carl H Backes
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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20
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Meot M, Gaudin R, Szezepanski I, Bajolle F, Bonnet D, Malekzadeh-Milani S. Transcatheter patent arterial duct closure in premature infants: A new technique to ease access to the patent arterial duct, with particular benefit for the tricuspid valve. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 114:482-489. [PMID: 34312100 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter patent arterial duct (PAD) closure in premature infants has been shown to be feasible. Since our early transcatheter PAD closure procedures in premature infants at Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, we have changed our technique several times to advance the guidewire through the right heart to avoid tricuspid valve damage. AIM To describe the technique we have been using since May 2019, to report our results with a particular focus on tricuspid leaks and to analyse the potential mechanisms of tricuspid lesion development with previous methods. METHODS All premature infants weighing<2kg who underwent transcatheter PAD closure with this new technique were included. Demographic data, procedural data, outcome and procedural complications were reviewed, with particular attention to the occurrence of tricuspid regurgitation. RESULTS Between May 2019 and May 2020, 33 patients were included. Median gestational age was 25 weeks. Median birth weight and procedural weight were 690g (range 490-1065g; interquartile range [IQR] 620-785g) and 1160g (range 900-1900g; IQR 1030-1300g), respectively. Median age at procedure was 35 (IQR 30-46) days. PAD anatomy was evaluated on transthoracic echocardiography only. The median duct diameter was 3 (IQR 2.5-3.2) mm at the pulmonary end. Success rate was 100% (defined as successful closure without residual shunt). One patient had a renal vein thrombosis, which fully resolved with low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation. No tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis of the left pulmonary artery or the aorta was seen. One patient died of a superior caval vein obstruction with bilateral chylothorax related to a central catheter thrombosis 56 days after the procedure, unrelated to the catheter procedure. CONCLUSION In this prospective study, we describe a new technique to avoid tricuspid valve damage and facilitate delivery of the PAD device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Meot
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Régis Gaudin
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Szezepanski
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Malekzadeh-Milani
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
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21
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Paudel G, Johnson JN, Philip R, Tailor N, Fahnhorst S, Briceno-Medina M, Stecchi N, Waller BR, Sathanandam S. Echocardiographic versus Angiographic Measurement of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants and the Utility of Echo Guidance for Transcatheter Closure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2021; 34:1086-1094. [PMID: 34139301 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is increasingly utilized for guiding transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. The objectives of this study were to compare PDA size measurements by TTE with angiographic measurements and to describe TTE techniques used in guiding transcatheter PDA closure (TCPC) in ELBW infants. METHODS One hundred twenty-five consecutive ELBW infants (gestational age < 27 weeks, birth weight < 1 kg) who underwent TCPC before 8 weeks of age under TTE guidance were included. Patent ductus arteriosus sizes were measured from the procedural TTE and angiograms retrospectively by blinded observers. The TTE PDA diameters at the aortic (ED1) and pulmonary end (ED2) were compared with the corresponding angiographic diameters (CD1 and CD2). The TTE PDA lengths, obtained by two techniques (EL1, a straight line between ED1 and ED2; and EL2, a curvilinear line along the PDA), were compared with the PDA length by angiography (CL). Transthoracic echocardiography was used to guide accurate device positioning within the PDA. RESULTS The procedure weight was 600-1,460 g. The TTE and angiographic PDA diameters were comparable (mean ED1 vs CD1 = 4.5 ± 0.68 vs 4.4 ± 0.85 mm, P = .26; and mean ED2 vs CD2 = 3.1 ± 0.72 vs 3.2 ± 0.94 mm, P = .14). The angiographic length was underestimated by EL1 by 2.6 ± 1.6 mm (P < .0001), while EL2 estimated it better (mean EL2 vs CL = 11.0 ± 1.83 vs 10.8 ± 2.15 mm; P = .40). Transcatheter PDA closure was successful in 100% of the cases using TTE guidance. There were no intraprocedural complications. CONCLUSIONS Transthoracic echocardiography guidance during TCPC in ELBW infants eliminates the need for aortograms via femoral arterial access, preventing the complications associated with it. Transthoracic echocardiography PDA measurements are comparable to angiographic measurements, thereby assisting in appropriate device size selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Paudel
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Jason N Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Division of Pediatric Radiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ranjit Philip
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Neil Tailor
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sarah Fahnhorst
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mario Briceno-Medina
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Nathan Stecchi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - B Rush Waller
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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22
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Effect of Early Targeted Treatment of Ductus Arteriosus with Ibuprofen on Survival Without Cerebral Palsy at 2 Years in Infants with Extreme Prematurity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2021; 233:33-42.e2. [PMID: 33307111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of early echocardiography-targeted ibuprofen treatment of large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on survival without cerebral palsy at 24 months of corrected age. STUDY DESIGN We enrolled infants born at <28 weeks of gestation with a large PDA on echocardiography at 6-12 hours after birth to ibuprofen or placebo by 12 hours of age in a multicenter, double blind, randomized-controlled trial. Open-label ibuprofen was allowed for prespecified criteria of a hemodynamically significant PDA. The primary outcome was survival without cerebral palsy at 24 months of corrected age. RESULTS Among 337 enrolled infants, 109 had a small or closed ductus and constituted a reference group; 228 had a large PDA and were randomized. The primary outcome was assessed at 2 years in 108 of 114 (94.7%) and 102 of 114 (89.5%) patients allocated to ibuprofen or placebo, respectively. Survival without cerebral palsy occurred in 77 of 108 (71.3%) after ibuprofen, 73 of 102 (71.6%) after placebo (adjusted relative risk 0.98, 95% CI 0.83-1.16, P = .83), and 77 of 101 (76.2%) in reference group. Infants treated with ibuprofen had a lower incidence of PDA at day 3. Severe pulmonary hemorrhage during the first 3 days occurred in 2 of 114 (1.8%) infants treated with ibuprofen and 9 of 114 (7.9%) infants treated with placebo (adjusted relative risk 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-1.00, P = .05). Open-label rescue treatment with ibuprofen occurred in 62.3% of infants treated with placebo and 17.5% of infants treated with ibuprofen (P < .001), at a median (IQR) age of 4 (3, 5) and 4 (4, 12) days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Early echocardiography-targeted ibuprofen treatment of a large PDA did not change the rate of survival without cerebral palsy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Eudract 2011-003063-30 and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01630278.
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23
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Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in extremely premature infants. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Respiratory Trajectory after Invasive Interventions for Patent Ductus Arteriosus of Preterm Infants. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050398. [PMID: 34063345 PMCID: PMC8156843 DOI: 10.3390/children8050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Invasive interventions have been conducted in preterm infants with significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) when medical treatment has failed, and methods of invasive intervention have been reported. Surgical ligation via lateral thoracotomy has been a well-established procedure for decades. Recently, transcatheter occlusion has been safely and feasibly applied to the premature population. However, little research has been conducted on the benefits of transcatheter occlusion in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants compared to surgical ligation. This study compared transcatheter and surgical techniques in VLBW infants in terms of short-term respiratory outcomes. The medical records of 401 VLBW infants admitted to a tertiary hospital between September 2014 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who were diagnosed with a congenital anomaly, a chromosomal anomaly, or congenital heart disease, except for an inter-atrial shunt, were excluded. The perinatal conditions, neonatal morbidities, periprocedural vital signs, and respiratory support trajectories were compared between the transcatheter-treated and surgically ligated group. A total of 31 eligible VLBW infants received invasive intervention: 14 were treated with transcatheter occlusion (Group A), and 17 infants were treated with surgical ligation (Group B). Respiratory outcomes were not statistically significant between the two groups, despite Group A showing a trend toward early improvement in post-intervention respiratory trajectory. In this small case study, a different trend in post-intervention respiratory trajectories was observed. Future research with larger case numbers should be conducted to address our preliminary observations in more detail.
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25
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Percutaneous Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants 1.5 kg or Less: A Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr 2021; 230:84-92.e14. [PMID: 33098843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate technical success and safety of percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants ≤1.5 kg. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Data sources included Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PubMed from inception to April 2020. Publications were included if they had a clear definition of the intervention as percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants ≤1.5 kg. Data extraction was independently performed by multiple observers. Primary outcome was technical success and secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs). Subgroup analysis was performed in infants ≤6.0 kg. Data were pooled by using a random-effects model. RESULTS We included 28 studies, including 373 infants ≤1.5 kg and 69 studies enrolling 1794 infants ≤6.0 kg. In patients ≤1.5 kg, technical success was 96% (95% CI, 93%-98%; P = .16; I2 = 23%). The overall incidence of AE was 27% (95% CI, 17%-38%; P < .001; I2 = 70%) and major AEs was 8% (95% CI, 5%-10%; P = .63; I2 = 0%). There were 5 deaths related to the procedure (2%; 95% CI, 1%-4%; P = .99; I2 = 0%); 4 of these deaths occurred in infants <0.8 kg. The probability of technical failure was inversely related to age at the time of the procedure (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.830-0.974; P = .009). Weight at intervention has decreased over time and procedural success has increased. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure is feasible in infants ≤1.5 kg with few major AEs. The procedural success rate is high, despite performing the intervention in smaller patients. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020145230.
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26
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Parkerson S, Philip R, Talati A, Sathanandam S. Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants in 2020. Front Pediatr 2021; 8:590578. [PMID: 33643964 PMCID: PMC7904697 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.590578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most commonly found cardiac condition in neonates. While there have been several studies and thousands of publications on the topic, the decision to treat the PDA is still strongly debated among cardiologists, surgeons, and neonatologists. This is in part due to the shortage of long-term benefits with the interventions studied. Practice variations still exist within sub-specialties and centers. This article briefly summarizes the history, embryology and histology of the PDA. It also succinctly discusses the hemodynamic significance of a PDA which builds the framework to review all the available literature on PDA closure in premature infants, though not a paradigm shift just yet; it introduces transcatheter PDA closure (TCPC) as a possible armament to the clinician for this age-old problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Parkerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ranjit Philip
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ajay Talati
- Division of Neonatology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
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27
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Sathanandam S, Gutfinger D, Morray B, Berman D, Gillespie M, Forbes T, Johnson JN, Garg R, Malekzadeh-Milani S, Fraisse A, Baspinar O, Zahn EM. Consensus Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Periprocedural Complications of Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure with the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:1258-1274. [PMID: 34195869 PMCID: PMC8292293 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is a feasible, safe, and an effective alternative to surgical ligation and may be performed with an implant success rate of 97%. Major procedural complications related to transcatheter PDA closure in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are relatively infrequent (< 3%) ,but may be associated with a fatality if not optimally managed. Operators performing transcatheter PDA closures should be knowledgeable about these potential complications and management options. Prompt recognition and treatment are often necessary to avoid serious consequences. With strict guidelines on operator training, proctoring requirements, and technical refinements, transcatheter PDA closure in ELBW infants can be performed safely with low complication rates. This article summarizes the consensus guidelines put forward by a panel of physicians for the prevention and management of periprocedural complications of transcatheter PDA closure with the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder in ELBW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sathanandam
- LeBonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee, 848 Adams Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason N. Johnson
- LeBonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee, 848 Adams Avenue, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
| | - Ruchira Garg
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | | | - Osman Baspinar
- Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Evan M. Zahn
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
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28
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Lenoir M, Wanert C, Bonnet D, Méot M, Tosello B, Fouilloux V, Ovaert C, Malekzadeh-Milani S. Anterior Minithoracotomy vs. Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:700284. [PMID: 34869092 PMCID: PMC8640484 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.700284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common in preterm infants and contributes to morbidity and mortality. Several studies have shown the feasibility and safety of percutaneous PDA closure. Minimally invasive surgical ligation by anterior thoracotomy is an alternative, bedside technique for PDA closure in very low birth weight preterm infants. Our study aimed to compare short- and medium-term morbidity and mortality between anterior minithoracotomy and transcatheter PDA closure. Methods: From 2010 to 2020, 92 preterm infants <1,600 g underwent PDA closure in two centers: 44 surgical anterior minithoracotomies (center 1) and 48 transcatheter closures (center 2). Using a 1:1 propensity score match analysis, 22 patients in each group were included. The primary outcome was time to extubation after intervention. Results: Preoperative characteristics were similar in both groups after propensity matching (mean weight at procedure, 1,171 ± 183 g; p = 0.8). Mean time to extubation was similar: 10 ± 15 days in the surgical group vs. 9 ± 13 days in the transcatheter group (p = 0.9). Mean age at hospital discharge was 114 ± 29 days vs. 105 ± 19 days (p = 0.2). Two deaths occurred in the surgical group and one in the transcatheter group (p = 0.61). Five complications (pneumothorax n = 2, chylothorax n = 2, phrenic nerve injury n = 1) occurred in three patients after surgery. Three complications (chylothorax n = 1, endocarditis n = 1, renal vein thrombosis n = 1) occurred in two patients after percutaneous closure (p = 0.63). Conclusion: Equivalent efficiency and safety of surgical mini-invasive vs. transcatheter PDA closure in preterm infants <1,600 g are in favor of applying these alternative techniques according to centers' facilities and competences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marien Lenoir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Hôpital Timone Enfant, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Wanert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hôpital Timone Enfant, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Méot
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Barthélémy Tosello
- Department of Neonatology, Hôpital Nord, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Fouilloux
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Hôpital Timone Enfant, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Ovaert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hôpital Timone Enfant, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
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29
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Davidson JM, Ferguson J, Ivey E, Philip R, Weems MF, Talati AJ. A randomized trial of intravenous acetaminophen versus indomethacin for treatment of hemodynamically significant PDAs in VLBW infants. J Perinatol 2021; 41:93-99. [PMID: 32439957 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective was to compare the rate of successful treatment of hsPDA based on echocardiogram criteria after use of IV acetaminophen or IV indomethacin in very low-birthweight infants. The study was a multi-center, randomized controlled trial. Infants born prior to 32 weeks with birthweight ≤ 1500 g were included if PDA treatment was indicated within the 21 days after birth. hsPDA was defined by strict echocardiogram criteria. Eligible infants were randomized to treatment with either IV acetaminophen or IV indomethacin. Of 86 eligible infants, 17 infants were randomized to acetaminophen and 20 to indomethacin. One (5.9%) hsPDA in the acetaminophen group had successful treatment compared to 11 (55%) in the indomethacin group (p = 0.002). Eight (47%) in the acetaminophen group and 3 (15%) in the indomethacin group received transcatheter PDA closure (p = 0.07). IV indomethacin was more effective than IV acetaminophen for treatment of hsPDAs. More infants in the acetaminophen group received transcatheter closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Davidson
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. .,Regional One Health, Memphis, TN, USA. .,Lebonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - J Ferguson
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Lebonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Ivey
- Mednax/Germantown Hospital, Germantown, TN, USA
| | - R Philip
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Lebonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M F Weems
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Regional One Health, Memphis, TN, USA.,Lebonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A J Talati
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Regional One Health, Memphis, TN, USA.,Lebonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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30
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Hemodynamic and clinical consequences of early versus delayed closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 2021; 41:100-108. [PMID: 32792636 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe changes in hemodynamics, respiratory support, and growth associated with transcatheter PDA closure (TCPC) in ELBW infants, stratified by postnatal age at treatment. STUDY DESIGN This is an observational study of ELBW infants who underwent TCPC at ≤4 weeks (Group-1; n = 34), 4-8 weeks (Group-2; n = 33), and >8 weeks of age (Group-3; n = 33). Hemodynamic assessment was performed during TCPC. Multivariate Cox-proportionate-hazard modeling was used to identify factors associated with respiratory severity score (RSS) > 2 for >30 days following TCPC. RESULTS In comparison with Group-1, Group-3 infants had higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRi = 3.3 vs. 1.6 WU*m2; P = 0.01), less weight gain between 4 and 8 weeks of age (16 vs. 25 g/day) and took longer to achieve RSS < 2 (median 81 vs. 20 days; P = 0.001). RSS > 2 for >30 days was associated with TCPC > 8 weeks (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.75-5.8; p = 0.03) and PVRi ≥ 3 (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 2.7-8.9; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION ELBW infants may benefit from PDA closure within the first 4 weeks of life in order to prevent early onset pulmonary vascular disease, promote faster growth, and for quicker weaning of ventilator and oxygen support.
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31
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Akyuz M, Isik O, Mercan I, Cakmak M. Bedside surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus in very-low-birth-weight premature infants: Limited upper ministernotomy as an alternative approach. J Card Surg 2020; 36:436-441. [PMID: 33283315 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in very-low-birth-weight infants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of bedside surgical ligation of PDA via limited upper ministernotomy as an alternative approach to thoracotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 23 low-birth-weight premature infants, who underwent bedside ligation of PDA in the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2017 and April 2020, were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: those with thoracotomy (n = 13) and those with limited upper ministernotomy (n = 10). These patients were evaluated retrospectively in terms of clinical and preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative parameters between the groups. RESULTS Mean birth weight was 1059 ± 275 g in the thoracotomy group and 1035 ± 285 g in the ministernotomy group. There was no statistically significant difference in the age at surgery, weight at surgery, preoperative mechanical ventilation (MV) support, inotropic score onset of surgery, and total procedure time between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the hospital length of stay, postoperative MV time, and complications in the intensive care unit in favor of the ministernotomy group (p = .04, p = .03, p = .034, respectively). The study showed no statistically significant difference in the mortality rate between the two groups (two patients in the thoracotomy group and one patient in the ministernotomy group). CONCLUSION The limited upper ministernotomy is an anatomically and technically feasible alternative to classical left posterolateral thoracotomy for bedside surgical PDA ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Akyuz
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Onur Isik
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilker Mercan
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Cakmak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Philip R, Lamba V, Talati A, Sathanandam S. Pulmonary Hypertension with Prolonged Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7090139. [PMID: 32947808 PMCID: PMC7552711 DOI: 10.3390/children7090139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There continues to be a reluctance to close the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants. The debate on whether the short-term outcomes translate to a difference in long-term benefits remains. This article intends to review the pulmonary vasculature changes that can occur with a chronic hemodynamically significant PDA in a preterm infant. It also explains the rationale and decision-making involved in a diagnostic cardiac catheterization and transcatheter PDA closure in these preterm infants.
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Taylor R, Forbes MJ, Kobayashi D. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in a tiniest baby – 510 grams. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2019.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sathanandam SK, Gutfinger D, O'Brien L, Forbes TJ, Gillespie MJ, Berman DP, Armstrong AK, Shahanavaz S, Jones TK, Morray BH, Rockefeller TA, Justino H, Nykanen DG, Zahn EM. Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder clinical trial for percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in patients ≥700 grams. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 96:1266-1276. [PMID: 32433821 PMCID: PMC7754477 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Characterize the safety and effectiveness of the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure. Background The presence of a hemodynamically significant PDA has been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in children born premature. Methods This was a single arm, prospective, multicenter, non‐randomized study to evaluate the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder to treat PDA in patients ≥700 g. From June 2017 to February 2019, 200 patients were enrolled at nine centers, with 100 patients weighing ≤2 kg. Primary effectiveness endpoint was the rate of PDA closure at 6‐month follow‐up. Primary safety endpoint was the rate of major complications through 6 months. Secondary endpoint was rate of significant pulmonary or aortic obstruction through 6 months' follow‐up. Results The implant success rate was 95.5% (191/200) overall and 99% in patients ≤2 kg (99/100). The primary effectiveness endpoint was achieved in 99.4% of implanted patients. Four patients experienced a primary safety endpoint event (2 transfusions, 1 hemolysis, and 1 aortic obstruction). There were no branch pulmonary artery obstructions. Five patients, all ≤2 kg, were noted to have worsening of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after the procedure. None of the TR incidences manifested clinically. The Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder received FDA approval in January 2019 and became the first device approved for PDA closure in patients ≥700 g. Conclusions This study supports the safety and effectiveness of the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder, particularly in patients between 700 g and 2 kg where there is currently a significant unmet need in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03055858.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam K Sathanandam
- LeBonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dan Gutfinger
- Abbott Structural Heart, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Laura O'Brien
- Abbott Structural Heart, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Evan M Zahn
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wang JN, Lin YC, Hsieh ML, Wei YJ, Ju YT, Wu JM. Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants With Very Low Birth Weight. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:615919. [PMID: 33520899 PMCID: PMC7841343 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.615919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to describe our experience with transcatheter device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in symptomatic low-birth-weight premature infants. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of infants born with a birth body weight of < 2,000 g and admitted to National Cheng Kung University Hospital from September 2014 to December 2019. Basic demographic and clinical information as well as echocardiographic and angiographic data were recorded. Results: Twenty-five premature infants (11 boys and 14 girls) born at gestational ages ranging between 22 and 35 weeks (mean, 25 weeks) were identified. The mean age at procedure was 34.5 ± 5.5 days, and the mean weight was 1,209 ± 94 g (range, 478-1,980 g). The mean diameter of the PDA was 3.4 ± 0.2 mm (range, 2.0-5.4 mm). The following devices were used in this study: Amplatzer Ductal Occluder II additional size (n = 20), Amplatzer Vascular Plug I (n = 1), and Amplatzer Vascular Plug II (n = 4). Complete closure was achieved in all patients. The mean follow-up period was 30.1 ± 17.3 months (range, 6-68 months). In total, 3 patients had left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis and 1 patient had coarctation of the aorta during the follow-up period. Younger procedure age and smaller procedure body weight were significantly associated with these obstructions. Conclusions: Performing transcatheter PDA closure in symptomatic premature infants weighing more than 478 g is feasible using currently available devices; moreover, the procedure serves as an alternative to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieh-Neng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tzu Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ming Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Fraisse A, Bautista-Rodriguez C, Burmester M, Lane M, Singh Y. Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants With Weight Under 1,500 Grams. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:558256. [PMID: 33072674 PMCID: PMC7536298 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.558256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is very common in preterm infants, especially in extremely preterm infants. Despite significant advances in management of these vulnerable infants, there has been no consensus on management of PDA-when should we treat, who should we treat, how should we treat and in fact there is no agreement on how we should define a hemodynamically significant PDA. Medical management with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remains the first line of therapy with moderate success rate in closing the PDA. Paracetamol has been reported to be a safe and equally effective medical therapy for closure of PDA. However, additional studies on its long-term safety and efficacy in extremely low birth weight infants are needed before paracetamol can be recommended as standard treatment for a PDA in preterm infants. Surgical ligation of PDA is not without an increased risk of mortality and co-morbidities. Recently, there has been a significant interest in percutaneous transcatheter closure of PDA in preterm infants, including extremely low birth weight infants. Transcatheter PDA closure in preterm ELBW infants is technically feasible with high PDA occlusion success rates and acceptable complication rates as compared to surgical ligation. Many centers have reported promising early- and mid-term follow-up results. However, they need to be further tested in the prospective well-designed studies and randomized controlled trials comparing the results and outcomes of this technique with current treatment strategies including medical treatment before they can be used as the new standard of care for PDA closure in extremely low birth weight infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Fraisse
- Pediatric Cardiology Services, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carles Bautista-Rodriguez
- Pediatric Cardiology Services, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Burmester
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Lane
- Pediatric Cardiology Services, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yogen Singh
- Department of Pediatrics-Pediatric Cardiology and Neonatal Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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