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Salamanca E, Wu YF, Aung LM, Chiu BR, Chen MK, Chang WJ, Sun YS. Allylamine coating on zirconia dental implant surface promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerates osseointegration in vivo. Clin Oral Implants Res 2024. [PMID: 38804531 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The glow discharge plasma (GDP) procedure has proven efficacy in grafting allylamine onto zirconia dental implant surfaces to enhance osseointegration. This study explored the enhancement of zirconia dental implant properties using GDP at different energy settings (25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 W) both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro analyses included scanning electron microscopy, wettability assessment, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and more. In vivo experiments involved implanting zirconia dental implants into rabbit femurs and later evaluation through impact stability test, micro-CT, and histomorphometric measurements. RESULTS The results demonstrated that 25 and 50 W GDP allylamine grafting positively impacted MG-63 cell proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of OCN, OPG, and COL-I. Both 25 and 50 W GDP allylamine grafting significantly improved zirconia's surface properties (p < .05, p < .01, p < .001). However, only 25 W allylamine grafting with optimal energy settings promoted in vivo osseointegration and new bone formation while preventing bone level loss around the dental implant (p < .05, p < .01, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study presents a promising method for enhancing Zr dental implant surface's bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisner Salamanca
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lwin Moe Aung
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor Rong Chiu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei Kuang Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Sui Sun
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen L, Tong Z, Luo H, Qu Y, Gu X, Si M. Titanium particles in peri-implantitis: distribution, pathogenesis and prospects. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:49. [PMID: 37996420 PMCID: PMC10667540 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology. Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease's prevention and treatment. The underlying risk factors and detailed pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remain to be elucidated. Titanium-based implants as the most widely used implant inevitably release titanium particles into the surrounding tissue. Notably, the concentration of titanium particles increases significantly at peri-implantitis sites, suggesting titanium particles as a potential risk factor for the condition. Previous studies have indicated that titanium particles can induce peripheral osteolysis and foster the development of aseptic osteoarthritis in orthopedic joint replacement. However, it remains unconfirmed whether this phenomenon also triggers inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues. This review summarizes the distribution of titanium particles around the implant, the potential roles in peri-implantitis and the prevalent prevention strategies, which expects to provide new directions for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zian Tong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongke Luo
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Xinhua Gu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Misi Si
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Padhye NM, Calciolari E, Zuercher AN, Tagliaferri S, Donos N. Survival and success of zirconia compared with titanium implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6279-6290. [PMID: 37740825 PMCID: PMC10630218 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review assessed the available evidence on the survival and success rate of zirconia and titanium implants. As secondary outcomes, aesthetic, radiographic and clinical parameters, as well as biological and mechanical complications, were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed up to March 2022 to identify CCTs/RCTs comparing zirconia and titanium implants with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Meta-analysis was performed when ≥ 2 articles with similar characteristics were retrieved. RESULTS Four published articles with two RCTs (2 different patient populations) with 100 zirconia and 99 titanium implants that were followed up over 12-80 months were selected out of the 6040 articles. A non-statistically significant difference between zirconia and titanium implant survival at 12 months was suggested (P = 0.0938). The success rates were 57.5-93.3% and 57.1-100% for zirconia and titanium implants, respectively. The pink aesthetic score (PES) was higher for zirconia (10.33 ± 2.06 to 11.38 ± 0.92) compared to titanium implants (8.14 ± 3.58 to 11.56 ± 1.0). CONCLUSION Based on the 2 RCTs retrieved in the literature, similar survival rates were reported for zirconia and titanium implants in the short term (12 months of follow-up). Future RCTs are warranted to evaluate the long-term outcomes of zirconia implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Zirconia implants may be the procedure of choice, particularly in the aesthetic zone, since they show a similar survival and success rate as titanium implants on a short-term follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION Systematic review registration number-CRD42021288704 (PROSPERO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad Milind Padhye
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Elena Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anina Nives Zuercher
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Tagliaferri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, CERT, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK.
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Mathew MT, Cheng KY, Sun Y, Barao VAR. The Progress in Tribocorrosion Research (2010-21): Focused on the Orthopedics and Dental Implants. JOURNAL OF BIO- AND TRIBO-CORROSION 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 38525435 PMCID: PMC10959289 DOI: 10.1007/s40735-023-00767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Tribocorrosion is an integration of two areas-tribology and corrosion. It can be defined as the material degradation caused by the combined effect of corrosion and tribological process at the material interfaces. Significant development has occurred in the field of tribocorrosion over the past years. This development is due to its applications in various fields, such as aerospace, marine, biomedical, and space. Focusing on biomedical applications, tribocorrosion finds its applications in the implants used in cardiovascular, spine, orthopedics, trauma, and dental areas. It was reported that around 7.2 million Americans are living with joint implants. Implant surgery is a traumatic and expensive procedure. Tribocorrosion can affect the lifespan of the implants, thus leading to implant failure and a potential cause of revision surgery. Hence, it is essential to understand how tribocorrosion works, its interaction with the implants, and what procedures can be implemented to protect materials from tribocorrosion. This paper discusses how tribocorrosion research has evolved over the past 11 years (2010-2021). This is a comprehensive overview of tribocorrosion research in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew T. Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Science, UIC College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UIC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, UIC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kai-yuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science, UIC College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, UIC College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Valentim A. R. Barao
- Departament of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
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Zhang W, Fu W, Wang X, Ye J. Improving the osseointegration and soft tissue sealing of zirconia ceramics by the incorporation of akermanite via sol infiltration for dental implants. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:4237-4259. [PMID: 37115523 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia ceramics are promising dental implant materials due to their high-grade biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and distinctive aesthetic appearance. Nevertheless, zirconia ceramics are bio-inert with a lack of osseointegration and soft tissue sealing, which limits dental implant applications. As such, the fabrication of zirconia ceramics with high mechanical strength, excellent osseointegration and soft tissue sealing performance remains a great challenge in the dental restoration field. In this article, a novel zirconia ceramic with akermanite (AKT) modification by the negative pressure infiltration method is presented. The effects of AKT sol infiltration at different times on the morphology, phase composition, mechanical properties, bioactivity, osseointegration and soft tissue sealing of the modified zirconia ceramics have been systematically investigated. The modified zirconia ceramics feature excellent mechanical properties and significantly improved surface roughness, hydrophilia, and apatite mineralization ability as compared with unmodified zirconia ceramics. Furthermore, cell-culture experiment results indicated that the surface modification of zirconia ceramics could promote adhesion, spreading, migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal stem cells (mBMSCs), as well as the early adhesion, spreading, proliferation and fibroblast differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro. The prepared bioactive zirconia distinctively enhanced the alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, osteogenesis-related gene expression of mBMSCs and fibroblast-related-gene expression of HGFs. The in vivo evaluation confirmed that 15-TZP ceramics could promote bone-implant osseointegration to the greatest extent as compared with pure zirconia ceramics. To conclude, our research has shown that AKT-modified zirconia ceramics can achieve bone integration and soft tissue sealing, indicating that they have a lot of potential for application as a novel dental implant material in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Fu
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Kyaw TT, Abdou A, Nakata H, Pimkhaokham A. Efficacy of combined chemical and electrochemical decontamination treatments on contaminated healing abutments and their effect on surface topography: An in vitro study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2022; 24:696-708. [PMID: 35852825 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of four decontamination protocols on contaminated healing abutments (HAs) and their effects on surface topography. METHODS Eighty contaminated single-use HA samples collected from human participants were stained with phloxine B and examined microscopically. The retrieved HAs were randomly divided into four test groups: (1) Autoclaving only (AU), (2) 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + AU, (3) Electrochemical treatment (EC) + AU, (4) NaOCl + EC + AU, and positive control (contaminated without any treatment). Four new unused HAs served as negative controls (NC). The surface features were analyzed using stereo microscopy (SM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and optical profilometry. RESULTS The lowest decontamination efficacy was observed for the AU group. The NaOCl + AU and EC + AU groups effectively removed residual contamination, whereas EC + AU showed better decontamination results than NaOCl + AU. SM, SEM, and EDS analyses revealed the best decontamination efficacy in the combined NaOCl + EC + AU group compared to the other groups. Surface roughness (Sa), developed surface area ratio (Sdr), and texture-aspect ratio (Str) in AU, NaOCl + AU, EC + AU, and NaOCl + EC + AU groups were not statistically significant compared to the NC group. CONCLUSIONS The combination of NaOCl with subsequent EC can remove soft and hard deposits from the surface of HAs compared to NaOCl alone and EC alone, without altering the surface topography of HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiha Tin Kyaw
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Prosthodontic Dentistry Department, Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Hidemi Nakata
- Department of Regenerative & Reconstructive Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atiphan Pimkhaokham
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Wawrzyk A, Rahnama M, Sofińska-Chmiel W, Wilczyński S, Gutarowska B, Konka A, Zeljas D, Łobacz M. Analysis of the Microbiome on the Surface of Corroded Titanium Dental Implants in Patients with Periimplantitis and Diode Laser Irradiation as an Aid in the Implant Prosthetic Treatment: An Ex Vivo Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5890. [PMID: 36079272 PMCID: PMC9456760 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the optimization of diode laser irradiation of corroded dental implants in order to reduce the number of microorganisms associated peri-implantitis. The research included the identification of microorganisms on the surface of removed dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis and the assessment of the biocidal effectiveness of the diode laser against these microorganisms. Laser desorption/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to identify microorganisms and metagens were examined by next generation sequencing (NGS). Irradiation was performed with a diode laser with a wavelength of λ = 810, operating mode: 25 W/15.000 Hz/10 μs, average = 3.84 W with the number of repetitions t = 2 × 15 s and t = 3 × 15 s. The structure and surface roughness of the implants were analysed before and after laser irradiation by optical profilometry and optical microscopy with confocal fixation. In total, 16 species of Gram-positive bacteria and 23 species of Gram-negative bacteria were identified on the surface of the implants. A total of 25 species of anaerobic bacteria and 12 species with corrosive potential were detected. After diode laser irradiation, the reduction in bacteria on the implants ranged from 88.85% to 100%, and the reduction in fungi from 87.75% to 96.77%. The reduction in microorganisms in the abutment was greater than in the endosseous fixture. The applied laser doses did not damage, but only cleaned the surface of the titanium implants. After 8 years of embedding, the removed titanium implant showed greater roughness than the 25-year-old implant, which was not exposed to direct influence of the oral cavity environment. The use of a diode laser in an optimised irradiation dose safely reduces the number of microorganisms identified on corroded dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia in Zabrze, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 10C Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mansur Rahnama
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Konka
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia in Zabrze, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 10C Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dagmara Zeljas
- Faculty of Drilling, Oil & Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Łobacz
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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8
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Veletić M, Apu EH, Simić M, Bergsland J, Balasingham I, Contag CH, Ashammakhi N. Implants with Sensing Capabilities. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16329-16363. [PMID: 35981266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because of the aging human population and increased numbers of surgical procedures being performed, there is a growing number of biomedical devices being implanted each year. Although the benefits of implants are significant, there are risks to having foreign materials in the body that may lead to complications that may remain undetectable until a time at which the damage done becomes irreversible. To address this challenge, advances in implantable sensors may enable early detection of even minor changes in the implants or the surrounding tissues and provide early cues for intervention. Therefore, integrating sensors with implants will enable real-time monitoring and lead to improvements in implant function. Sensor integration has been mostly applied to cardiovascular, neural, and orthopedic implants, and advances in combined implant-sensor devices have been significant, yet there are needs still to be addressed. Sensor-integrating implants are still in their infancy; however, some have already made it to the clinic. With an interdisciplinary approach, these sensor-integrating devices will become more efficient, providing clear paths to clinical translation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Veletić
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,The Intervention Centre, Technology and Innovation Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Mitar Simić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jacob Bergsland
- The Intervention Centre, Technology and Innovation Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ilangko Balasingham
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,The Intervention Centre, Technology and Innovation Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Rahman B, Acharya AB, Siddiqui R, Verron E, Badran Z. Photodynamic Therapy for Peri-Implant Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070918. [PMID: 35884171 PMCID: PMC9311944 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant diseases are frequently presented in patients with dental implants. This category of inflammatory infections includes peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis that are primarily caused by the oral bacteria that colonize the implant and the supporting soft and hard tissues. Other factors also contribute to the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases. Based on established microbial etiology, mechanical debridement has been the standard management approach for peri-implant diseases. To enhance the improvement of therapeutic outcomes, adjunctive treatment in the form of antibiotics, probiotics, lasers, etc. have been reported in the literature. Recently, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT)/antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) centered on the premise that a photoactive substance offers benefits in the resolution of peri-implant diseases has gained attention. Herein, the reported role of PDT in peri-implant diseases, as well as existing observations and opinions regarding PDT, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Rahman
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.R.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.R.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, University City, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Elise Verron
- CNRS, UMR 6230, CEISAM, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France;
| | - Zahi Badran
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.R.); (A.B.A.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Chopra D, Jayasree A, Guo T, Gulati K, Ivanovski S. Advancing dental implants: Bioactive and therapeutic modifications of zirconia. Bioact Mater 2022; 13:161-178. [PMID: 35224299 PMCID: PMC8843948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconium-based implants have gained popularity in the dental implant field owing to their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, attributed to the formation of a native zirconia (ZrO2) film. However, enhanced bioactivity and local therapy from such implants are desirable to enable the earlier establishment and improved long-term maintenance of implant integration, especially in compromised patient conditions. As a result, surface modification of zirconium-based implants have been performed using various physical, chemical and biological techniques at the macro-, micro-, and nano-scales. In this extensive review, we discuss and detail the development of Zr implants covering the spectrum from past and present advancements to future perspectives, arriving at the next generation of highly bioactive and therapeutic nano-engineered Zr-based implants. The review provides in-depth knowledge of the bioactive/therapeutic value of surface modification of Zr implants in dental implant applications focusing on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karan Gulati
- Corresponding authors. School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- Corresponding authors. School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston QLD, 4006, Australia.
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11
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Weller J, Vasudevan P, Kreikemeyer B, Ekat K, Jackszis M, Springer A, Chatzivasileiou K, Lang H. The role of bacterial corrosion on recolonization of titanium implant surfaces: An in vitro study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2022; 24:664-675. [PMID: 35709098 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation triggered by bacterial biofilms in the surrounding tissue is a major etiological factor for peri-implantitis and subsequent implant failure. However, little is known about the direct effects of bacterial corrosion and recolonization on implant failure PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of oral commensals on bacterial corrosion and recolonization of titanium surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which are key bacteria in oral biofilm formation, were cultured on commercially pure titanium and titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti6Al4V) plates in artificial saliva/brain heart infusion medium under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Biofilm formation was examined after 7 and 21 days by crystal violet and live/dead staining. Titanium ions released into culture supernatants were analyzed over a period of 21 days by atomic absorption spectrometry. Visual changes in surface morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm formation on sterilized, biocorroded, and recolonized implant surfaces was determined by crystal violet staining. RESULTS S. sanguinis and P. gingivalis formed stable biofilms on the titanium samples. Bacterial corrosion led to a significant increase in titanium ion release from these titanium plates (p < 0.01), which was significantly higher under aerobic conditions on pure titanium (p ≤ 0.001). No obvious morphological surface changes, such as pitting and discoloration, were detected in the titanium samples. During early biofilm formation, the addition of titanium ions significantly decreased the number of live cells. In contrast, a significant effect on biofilm mass was only detected with P. gingivalis. Bacterial corrosion had no influence on bacterial recolonization following sterilization of titanium and Ti6Al4V surfaces. CONCLUSION Bacterial corrosion differs between oral commensal bacteria and leads to increased titanium ion release from titanium plates. The titanium ion release did not influence biofilm formation or bacterial recolonization under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weller
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Ekat
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mario Jackszis
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kyriaki Chatzivasileiou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Lang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Borgonovo AE, Ferrario S, Maiorana C, Vavassori V, Censi R, Re D. A Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Zirconia Dental Implants: 10-Year Follow-Up. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:7534607. [PMID: 35003263 PMCID: PMC8739170 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7534607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim is to evaluate the survival and success rates, as well as the marginal bone loss (MBL) and periodontal indexes, of zirconia implants with 10-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 patients were selected and 26 one-piece zirconia implants were used for the rehabilitation of single tooth or partially edentulous ridge. After 10 years, a clinical-radiographic evaluation was performed in order to estimate peri-implant tissue health and marginal bone loss. RESULTS The survival and success rates were 100%. The average marginal bone loss from baseline to 120 months after surgery was 0.92 ± 0.97 mm. CONCLUSION One-piece zirconia dental implants are characterised by high biocompatibility, low plaque adhesion, and absence of microgap that can be related to the clinical success of these implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Enrico Borgonovo
- Department of Esthetic Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Ferrario
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 10, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Carlo Maiorana
- Head Department of Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 10, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Virna Vavassori
- Department of Esthetic Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Censi
- Department of Esthetic Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dino Re
- Head Department of Esthetic Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, Milan 20122, Italy
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Kheder W, Al Kawas S, Khalaf K, Samsudin A. Impact of tribocorrosion and titanium particles release on dental implant complications - A narrative review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:182-189. [PMID: 34630776 PMCID: PMC8488597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium particles as a product of degradation have been detected in periimplant oral tissues and it has been assumed that implants were the source of these particles. Periimplantitis sites had higher concentrations of particles in comparison to healthy implant sites. Several factors have been identified in the degradation of dental implant surface, such as mechanical wear, contact with chemical agents, and the effects of biofilm adhesion. Titanium particles silently prompt the immune-system activation and generate a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, T lymphocytes and monocytes. During the activation, inflammatory cytokines are released including, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), prostaglandin, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. The nanoparticles depict unique features such as high level of biological reactivity and potentially harmful compared to microparticles since they have a relatively greater surface area to volume ratio. Allergic response to titanium as a cause of implant failure has not been well documented. Evidence demonstrating biological complication due to titanium particles release includes peri-implant tissue inflammation that lead terminally to implant loss. There is a biological probability for a relation between the presence of titanium particles and ions, biological complication, and corrosion, but there is no justifiable evidence for unidirectional series of causative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waad Kheder
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Khalaf
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - A.R. Samsudin
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Hanes B, Feitosa S, Phasuk K, Levon JA, Morton D, Lin WS. Fracture Resistance Behaviors of Titanium-Zirconium and Zirconia Implants. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:441-446. [PMID: 34632673 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the fracture resistance behaviors of titanium-zirconium, one-piece zirconia, and two-piece zirconia implants restored by zirconia crowns and different combinations of abutment materials (zirconia and titanium) and retention modes (cement-retained and screw-retained zirconia crowns). MATERIAL AND METHODS Three research groups (n=12) were evaluated according to combinations of abutment material, retention mode, and implant type. In the control group (TTC), titanium-zirconium implants (∅ 4.1 mm RN, 12 mm, Roxolid; Straumann USA, Andover, MA) and prefabricated titanium abutments (RN synOcta Cementable Abutment, H 5.5 mm; Straumann USA) were used to support cement-retained zirconia crowns. In the second group (ZZC), one-piece zirconia implants (PURE Ceramic Implant Monotype, ∅ 4.1 mm RD, 12 mm, AH 5.5 mm; Straumann USA) were used to support cement-retained zirconia crowns. In the third group (ZTS), two-piece zirconia implants (PURE Ceramic Implant, ∅ 4.1 mm RD, 12 mm) and prefabricated titanium abutments (CI RD PUREbase Abutment, H 5.5 mm) were used to support screw-retained zirconia crowns. All zirconia crowns were manufactured in the same anatomic contour with a 5-axis dental mill and blended 3 and 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (LayZir A2). Implants were inserted into specimen holders made of epoxy resin-glass fiber composite. All specimens were then subject to artificial aging in an incubator at 37°C for 90 days. Fracture resistance of specimen assemblies was tested under static compression load using the universal testing machine based on ISO14801 specification. The peak fracture loads were recorded. All specimens were examined at the end of the test microscopically at 5× and 10× magnification to detect any catastrophic failures. Comparisons between groups for differences in peak fracture load were made using Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests and Weibull and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses (α = 0.05). RESULTS The TTC group (942 ± 241 N) showed significantly higher peak fracture loads than the ZZC (645 ± 165 N) and ZTS (650 ± 124 N) groups (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between ZZC and ZTS groups (p = 0.940). The survival probability based on the Weibull and Kaplan-Meier models demonstrated different failure molds between titanium-zirconium and zirconia implants, in which the TTC group remained in the plastic strain zone for a longer period before fracture when compared to ZZC and ZTS groups. Catastrophic failures, with implant fractures at the embedding level or slightly below, were only observed in the ZZC and ZTS groups. CONCLUSIONS Cement-retained zirconia crowns supported by titanium-zirconium implants and prefabricated titanium abutments showed superior peak fracture loads and better survival probability behavior. One-piece zirconia implants with cement-retained zirconia crowns and two-piece zirconia implants with screw-retained zirconia crowns on prefabricated titanium abutment showed similar peak fracture loads and survival probability behavior. Titanium-zirconium and zirconia implants could withstand average intraoral mastication loads in the incisor region. This study was conducted under static load, room temperature (21.7°C), and dry condition, and full impacts of intraoral hydrothermal aging and dynamic loading conditions on the zirconia implants should be considered and studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Hanes
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sabrina Feitosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kamolphob Phasuk
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John A Levon
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dean Morton
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
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Camargo SEA, Roy T, Xia X, Fares C, Hsu SM, Ren F, Clark AE, Neal D, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. Novel Coatings to Minimize Corrosion of Titanium in Oral Biofilm. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020342. [PMID: 33445481 PMCID: PMC7827847 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the effects produced by polymicrobial biofilm (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius) on the corrosion behavior of titanium dental implants. Pure titanium disks were polished and coated with titanium nitride (TiN) and silicon carbide (SiC) along with their quarternized versions. Next, the disks were cultivated in culture medium (BHI) with P. gingivalis, S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius and incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 30 days. Titanium corrosion was evaluated through surface observation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, the Ti release in the medium was evaluated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). SEM images showed that coated Ti disks exhibited lower corrosion compared to non-coated disks, except for the quartenized TiN. This was confirmed by AFM, where the roughness was higher in non-coated Ti disks. ICP showed that Ti levels were low in all coating disks. These results indicate that these SiC and TiN-based coatings could be a useful tool to reduce surface corrosion on titanium implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Tanaya Roy
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (X.X.); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Chaker Fares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (X.X.); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Shu-Min Hsu
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Fan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (X.X.); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Arthur E. Clark
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Dan Neal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-6928
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Liao C, Li Y, Tjong SC. Polyetheretherketone and Its Composites for Bone Replacement and Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2858. [PMID: 33260490 PMCID: PMC7760052 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, recent advances in the development, preparation, biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and its composites for hard and soft tissue engineering are reviewed. PEEK has been widely employed for fabricating spinal fusions due to its radiolucency, chemical stability and superior sterilization resistance at high temperatures. PEEK can also be tailored into patient-specific implants for treating orbital and craniofacial defects in combination with additive manufacturing process. However, PEEK is bioinert, lacking osseointegration after implantation. Accordingly, several approaches including surface roughening, thin film coating technology, and addition of bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) micro-/nanofillers have been adopted to improve osseointegration performance. The elastic modulus of PEEK is 3.7-4.0 GPa, being considerably lower than that of human cortical bone ranging from 7-30 GPa. Thus, PEEK is not stiff enough to sustain applied stress in load-bearing orthopedic implants. Therefore, HA micro-/nanofillers, continuous and discontinuous carbon fibers are incorporated into PEEK for enhancing its stiffness for load-bearing applications. Among these, carbon fibers are more effective than HA micro-/nanofillers in providing additional stiffness and load-bearing capabilities. In particular, the tensile properties of PEEK composite with 30wt% short carbon fibers resemble those of cortical bone. Hydrophobic PEEK shows no degradation behavior, thus hampering its use for making porous bone scaffolds. PEEK can be blended with hydrophilic polymers such as polyglycolic acid and polyvinyl alcohol to produce biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Yuchao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Mammalian cell response and bacterial adhesion on titanium healing abutments: effect of multiple implantation and sterilization cycles. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2633-2644. [PMID: 32944837 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple implantations of the implant healing abutment (IHA) could adversely impact its surface properties in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of sterilization and reuse of the IHA on soft tissue viability and bacterial contamination has not been extensively studied. The goal of this study was to perform an in vitro analysis of mammalian cell viability and bacterial adhesion on the surfaces of retrieved IHA after single and multiple implantations and repetitive cycles of sterilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS IHA surface morphology was studied using optical microscopy. Cell viability of gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and oral keratinocytes (HOKg) in indirect contact with IHAs was assessed for 3 and 7 days. Immersion in bacterial culture was performed with a polyculture of Streptococcus species for 3 days and Streptococcus species with Fusobacterium nucleatum for 7 days. RESULTS IHAs exhibited signs of surface damage even after a single exposure to the oral cavity. Fibroblasts did not show a significant preference towards control IHAs over used IHAs, whereas keratinocytes exhibited a significant decrease in viability when exposed to IHAs after multiple implantation cycles as compared with controls. Adherent bacterial count increased with increasing number of IHA implantations for both polycultures. CONCLUSIONS Reusing of IHAs in vivo promoted surface degradation in addition to adversely impacting host cell viability and oral bacterial attachment in vitro. These findings show IHA reuse might potentially affect its clinical performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Careful consideration should be taken when reusing IHAs in patients because this practice can result in permanent surface changes that might affect soft tissue integration during the healing period and promote bacterial colonization.
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Jain SS, Schramm STJ, Siddiqui DA, Huo W, Palmer KL, Wilson TG, Rodrigues DC. Effects of multiple implantations of titanium healing abutments: Surface characteristics and microbial colonization. Dent Mater 2020; 36:e279-e291. [PMID: 32591158 PMCID: PMC7429256 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Very few studies have investigated dental implant components involved in the early stage of healing, especially the implant healing abutment (IHA), despite its vital role in soft tissue contouring and shaping after implant placement. Although these components are labelled by the manufacturer for "single-use only," it is a common clinical practice to clean, sterilize, and reuse them. METHODS In the present study, IHAs after single and multiple implantations were retrieved as per standard procedures, and biological material isolated from the surface was subjected to 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The microbiome analysis was followed by cleaning and sterilization in order to replicate clinical sterilization techniques. Following sterilization, retrievals were subjected to surface characterization with optical and scanning electron microscopy to investigate surface features, and electrochemical testing was performed to evaluate corrosion behavior. RESULTS The microbiota was comprised of early colonizers including Streptococcus species and secondary anaerobic colonizers such as Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Prevotella species. The surface analysis revealed that irrespective of the cleaning and sterilization techniques, the pristine, homogeneous surface of the new, unused IHAs could not be restored. Both single and multiple-use IHAs had severe surface changes including discoloration, major abrasions, biological contamination, and the IHA retrievals exhibited higher corrosion rate as compared to control specimens. SIGNIFICANCE Reusing IHAs multiple times may not be a prudent practice as the microbial colonization and surface changes caused by using this component multiple times may affect the performance of IHAs in soft tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana S Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Sareda T J Schramm
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Danyal A Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Wenwen Huo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Kelli L Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | | | - Danieli C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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19
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Wilson TG. Bone loss around implants-is it metallosis? J Periodontol 2020; 92:181-185. [PMID: 32729118 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most would agree that the etiology of dental implant failure is related to oral biofilm. At present one group of scientists and clinicians feel that biofilm is solely responsible for bone loss around the devices. However, there is strong evidence that particles and ions of titanium released into the surrounding tissues by the action of biofilm and/or mechanical forces, a process termed metallosis, can be responsible for bone loss around some dental implants. These findings are reinforced by similar responses found around failed metal on metal joint prostheses. Both possible etiologies are discussed in detail in this commentary.
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20
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Zhou P, Long S, Mao F, Huang H, Li H, He F, Zhang R, Ren L, Chen J, Wei S. Controlling cell viability and bacterial attachment through fabricating extracellular matrix-like micro/nanostructured surface on titanium implant. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:035002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab70ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Antibacterial Activity and Impact of Different Antiseptics on Biofilm-Contaminated Implant Surfaces. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several antiseptic agents have been proposed for the treatment of peri-implantitis as a complementary therapeutic strategy in addition to mechanical devices. The aim of this study was to compare six different antiseptics, as well as alternative formulations of the same chemical agent, with respect to their decontamination efficacy and impact on chemical properties of the implant surface. Titanium disks with a micro-rough surface, previously contaminated with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans biofilms, were treated for 2 min with different antiseptics (liquid sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, gel sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, liquid chlorhexidine 0.2%, gel chlorhexidine 1%, gel citric acid 40%, and gel orthophosphoric acid 37%) or sterile saline solution (control) and their antibacterial activity as well as their ability to remove biofilm were assessed by viable bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Spectroscopic analysis was also performed on non-contaminated disks after exposure to the antiseptics, in order to detect any change in the elemental composition of the titanium surface. All the antimicrobial formulations examined were effective against P. gingivalis and S. mutans biofilms. SEM analysis revealed however that liquid sodium hypochlorite 5.25% was more effective in dissolving biofilm residues. Spectroscopic analysis detected traces of the antiseptics, probably due to insufficient rinsing of the titanium surfaces. In conclusion, since gel formulations of these antiseptic agents possessed a similar antibacterial activity to the liquid formulations, these may be proposed as alternative treatments given their properties to avoid overflows and increase contact time without significant side effects on the bone.
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Abstract
This article summarizes the microbiological findings at dental implants, drawing distinctions between the peri-implant microbiome and the periodontal microbiome, and summarizes what is known regarding biofilm as a risk factor for specific stages of implant treatment. Targeted microbial analysis is reviewed as well as the latest results from open-ended sequencing of the peri-implant flora. At this time there remains a lack of consensus for a specific microbial profile that is associated with peri-implantitis, suggesting that there may be other factors which influence the microbiome such as titanium surface dissolution. Therapeutic interventions to address the biofilm are presented at the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative stages. Evidence supports that perioperative chlorhexidine reduces biofilm-related implant complications and failure. Regular maintenance for dental implants is also shown to reduce peri-implant mucositis and implant failure. Maintenance procedures should aim to disrupt the biofilm without damaging the titanium dioxide surface layer in an effort to prevent further oxidation. Evidence supports the use of glycine powder air polishing as a valuable adjunct to conventional therapies for use at implant maintenance visits. For the treatment of peri-implantitis, nonsurgical therapy has not been shown to be effective, and while surgical intervention is not always predictable, it has been shown to be superior to nonsurgical treatment for decontamination of the implant surface that is not covered by bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Daubert
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bradley F Weinstein
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Siddiqui DA, Sridhar S, Wang F, Jacob JJ, Rodrigues DC. Can Oral Bacteria and Mechanical Fatigue Degrade Zirconia Dental Implants in Vitro? ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2821-2833. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyal A. Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sathyanarayanan Sridhar
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Frederick Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Joel J. Jacob
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Danieli C. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Ghosh R, Swart O, Westgate S, Miller BL, Yates MZ. Antibacterial Copper-Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings via Electrochemical Synthesis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5957-5966. [PMID: 30951314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial copper-hydroxyapatite (Cu-HA) composite coatings on titanium were synthesized using a novel process consisting of two consecutive electrochemical reactions. In the first stage, HA nanocrystals were grown on titanium using the cathodic electrolytic synthesis. The HA-coated titanium was then used as the cathode in a second reaction stage to electrochemically reduce Cu2+ ions in solution to metallic Cu nanoparticles. Reaction conditions were found that result in nanoscale Cu particles growing on the surface of the HA crystals. The two-stage synthesis allows facile control of copper content in the HA coatings. Antibacterial activity was measured by culturing Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) in the presence of coatings having varying copper contents. The coatings displayed copper concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against both types of bacteria, likely due to the slow release of copper ions from the coatings. The observation of antibacterial activity from a relatively low loading of copper on the bioactive HA support suggests that multifunctional implant coatings can be developed to supplement or supplant prophylactic antibiotics used in implant surgery that are responsible for creating resistant bacteria strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
| | - Oliver Swart
- Department of Dermatology , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14611 , United States
| | - Sabrina Westgate
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Miller
- Department of Dermatology , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14611 , United States
| | - Matthew Z Yates
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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Kunrath MF, Leal BF, Hubler R, de Oliveira SD, Teixeira ER. Antibacterial potential associated with drug-delivery built TiO 2 nanotubes in biomedical implants. AMB Express 2019; 9:51. [PMID: 30993485 PMCID: PMC6468021 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast evolution of surface treatments for biomedical implants and the concern with their contact with cells and microorganisms at early phases of bone healing has boosted the development of surface topographies presenting drug delivery potential for, among other features, bacterial growth inhibition without impairing cell adhesion. A diverse set of metal ions and nanoparticles (NPs) present antibacterial properties of their own, which can be applied to improve the implant local response to contamination. Considering the promising combination of nanostructured surfaces with antibacterial materials, this critical review describes a variety of antibacterial effects attributed to specific metals, ions and their combinations. Also, it explains the TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) surface creation, in which the possibility of aggregation of an active drug delivery system is applicable. Also, we discuss the pertinent literature related to the state of the art of drug incorporation of NPs with antibacterial properties inside TNTs, along with the promising future perspectives of in situ drug delivery systems aggregated to biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Ferreira Kunrath
- Dentistry University, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, P.O. Box 6681, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), P.O. Box 1429, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Ferreira Leal
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, P.O. Box 6681, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Hubler
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), P.O. Box 1429, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Dias de Oliveira
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, P.O. Box 6681, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rolim Teixeira
- Dentistry University, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, P.O. Box 6681, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
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Berbel LO, Banczek EDP, Karoussis IK, Kotsakis GA, Costa I. Determinants of corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy dental implants in an In Vitro model of peri-implant inflammation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210530. [PMID: 30703125 PMCID: PMC6354969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium (Ti) and its alloys possess high biocompatibility and corrosion resistance due to Ti ability to form a passive oxide film, i.e. TiO2, immediately after contact with oxygen. This passive layer is considered stable during function in the oral cavity, however, emerging information associate inflammatory peri-implantitis to vast increases in Ti corrosion products around diseased implants as compared to healthy ones. Thus, it is imperative to identify which factors in the peri-implant micro-environment may reduce Ti corrosion resistance. Methods The aim of this work is to simulate peri-implant inflammatory conditions in vitro to determine which factors affect corrosion susceptibility of Ti-6Al-4V dental implants. The effects of hydrogen peroxide (surrogate for reactive oxygen species, ROS, found during inflammation), albumin (a protein typical of physiological fluids), deaeration (to simulate reduced pO2 conditions during inflammation), in an acidic environment (pH 3), which is typical of inflammation condition, were investigated. Corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V clinically-relevant acid etched surfaces was investigated by electrochemical techniques: Open Circuit Potential; Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy; and Anodic Polarization. Results Electrochemical tests confirmed that most aggressive conditions to the Ti-6Al-4V alloy were those typical of occluded cells, i.e. oxidizing conditions (H2O2), in the presence of protein and deaeration of the physiological medium. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that titanium’s corrosion resistance can be reduced by intense inflammatory conditions. This observation indicates that the micro-environment to which the implant is exposed during peri-implant inflammation is highly aggressive and may lead to TiO2 passive layer attack. Further investigation of the effect of these aggressive conditions on titanium dissolution is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa O Berbel
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Everson do P Banczek
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Unicentro, Department of Chemistry, Guarapuava-PR, Brazil
| | - Ioannis K Karoussis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Periodontics, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios A Kotsakis
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Isolda Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Sridhar S, Wang F, Wilson TG, Palmer K, Valderrama P, Rodrigues DC. The role of bacterial biofilm and mechanical forces in modulating dental implant failures. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 92:118-127. [PMID: 30685725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently many assume that bacteria are the primary etiological factor associated with failure of titanium dental implants. However, emerging data indicates a possible role for mechanical forces in implant failure. This study is based on the hypothesis that the synergistic effect of mechanical forces and bacterial biofilm can lead to surface damage resulting in in vivo release of metallic particles. The primary aim of the study was to develop a dynamic fatigue test method for dental implants immersed in wet environments such as; (i) 0.01 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS); (ii) lactic acid (pH = 5); (iii) bacterial polyculture. Four dental implants each were subjected to fatigue loading from 45 N to 450 N at 4 Hz for 2 million cycles while immersed in (i) PBS (negative control); (ii) bacterial culture (test); and (iii) lactic acid (positive control). Post-testing, optical microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical corrosion tests were performed to evaluate the surface morphology, chemistry, and potential, respectively, of titanium implants. Post-testing, surface discoloration was evident in all three groups. However, the surface damage was further established in XPS analyses of test specimens, which showed that the interplay of bacterial biofilm and mechanical forces resulted in thinning of the TiO2. Lower corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the test specimens compared to positive and negative controls also illustrated damage to the oxide layer. However, other electrochemical parameters such as linear polarization resistance (LPR) and corrosion rate (CR) were comparable among the groups indicating the corrosion resistance post-testing. The synergistic effect of cyclic occlusal loading and bacteria biofilm could negatively affect the surface of titanium dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyanarayanan Sridhar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
| | - Frederick Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
| | - Thomas G Wilson
- Private Practice of Periodontics, Dallas, TX 75231, United States.
| | - Kelli Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
| | - Pilar Valderrama
- Private Practice of Periodontics, Dallas, TX 75231, United States.
| | - Danieli C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
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Multifaceted roles of environmental factors toward dental implant performance: Observations from clinical retrievals and in vitro testing. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e265-e279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mombelli A, Hashim D, Cionca N. What is the impact of titanium particles and biocorrosion on implant survival and complications? A critical review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29 Suppl 18:37-53. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mombelli
- Division of Periodontology; University Clinics of Dental Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Dena Hashim
- Division of Periodontology; University Clinics of Dental Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Norbert Cionca
- Division of Periodontology; University Clinics of Dental Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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30
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Daubert D, Pozhitkov A, McLean J, Kotsakis G. Titanium as a modifier of the peri-implant microbiome structure. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 20:945-953. [PMID: 30255621 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data support the implication of accelerated titanium dissolution products in peri-implantitis. It is unknown whether these dissolution products have an effect on the peri-implant microbiome, the target of existing peri-implantitis therapies. PURPOSE This study assessed the relationship between the peri-implant microbiome, dissolved titanium levels, and peri-implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical, microbiome, and titanium data were collected from a periodontal population having implants in function for 10 years. Clinical examinations were performed, and submucosal plaque samples were collected from the deepest site per implant. An aliquot of the sample was used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with the remainder analyzed for titanium quantity using mass spectrometry. Sequences were clustered into taxonomic units at 97% minimum sequence similarity using the QIIME pipeline approach. RESULTS Fifteen implants were assessed. According to established case definitions, six had a diagnosis of peri-implantitis; nine were healthy. The genera Streptococcus, Prevotella and Haemophilus characterized peri-implant health. Peri-implantitis was associated with a marked increase in Veillonella. Quantities of dissolved titanium were identified in 40% of sites. Titanium presence was associated with peri-implant disease status (P = .02) and correlated to the first principal component of the microbiome (rho = 0.552) and its alpha-diversity (rho = -0.496). Canonical correlation analyses found that titanium levels, but not health or disease status of the implant, were significantly associated with the microbiota composition (P = .045). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an association between titanium dissolution products and peri-implantitis and support a role for these products in modifying the peri-implant microbiome structure and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Daubert
- Department of Periodontics, Clinical and Periodontal Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (Washington), USA
| | - Alexander Pozhitkov
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (Washington), USA
| | - Jeffrey McLean
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (Washington), USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (Washington), USA
| | - Georgios Kotsakis
- Department of Periodontics, Clinical and Periodontal Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (Washington), USA
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Siddiqui DA, Guida L, Sridhar S, Valderrama P, Wilson TG, Rodrigues DC. Evaluation of oral microbial corrosion on the surface degradation of dental implant materials. J Periodontol 2018; 90:72-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyal A. Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering; The University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson TX
| | - Lidia Guida
- Department of Bioengineering; The University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson TX
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32
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Electrochemical behavior of titanium exposed to a biofilm supplemented with different sucrose concentrations. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:290-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Complete mechanical characterization of an external hexagonal implant connection: in vitro study, 3D FEM, and probabilistic fatigue. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 56:2233-2244. [PMID: 29949022 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fully characterize the mechanical behavior of an external hexagonal implant connection (ø3.5 mm, 10-mm length) with an in vitro study, a three-dimensional finite element analysis, and a probabilistic fatigue study. Ten implant-abutment assemblies were randomly divided into two groups, five were subjected to a fracture test to obtain the maximum fracture load, and the remaining were exposed to a fatigue test with 360,000 cycles of 150 ± 10 N. After mechanical cycling, all samples were attached to the torque-testing machine and the removal torque was measured in Newton centimeters. A finite element analysis (FEA) was then executed in ANSYS® to verify all results obtained in the mechanical tests. Finally, due to the randomness of the fatigue phenomenon, a probabilistic fatigue model was computed to obtain the probability of failure associated with each cycle load. FEA demonstrated that the fracture corresponded with a maximum stress of 2454 MPa obtained in the in vitro fracture test. Mean life was verified by the three methods. Results obtained by the FEA, the in vitro test, and the probabilistic approaches were in accordance. Under these conditions, no mechanical etiology failure is expected to occur up to 100,000 cycles. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Alrabeah GO, Knowles JC, Petridis H. Reduction of Tribocorrosion Products When Using the Platform-Switching Concept. J Dent Res 2018; 97:995-1002. [PMID: 29578825 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518765751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced marginal bone loss observed when using the platform-switching concept may be the result of reduced amounts of tribocorrosion products released to the peri-implant tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the tribocorrosion product release from various platform-matched and platform-switched implant-abutment couplings under cyclic loading. Forty-eight titanium implants were coupled with pure titanium, gold alloy, cobalt-chrome alloy, and zirconia abutments forming either platform-switched or platform-matched groups ( n = 6). The specimens were subjected to cyclic occlusal forces in a wet acidic environment for 24 h followed by static aqueous immersion for 6 d. The amount of metal ions released was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microscopic evaluations were performed pre- and postimmersion under scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy X-ray for corrosion assessment at the interface and wear particle characterization. All platform-switched groups showed less metal ion release compared with their platform-matched counterparts within each abutment material group ( P < 0.001). Implants connected to platform-matched cobalt-chrome abutments demonstrated the highest total mean metal ion release (218 ppb), while the least total mean ion release (11 ppb) was observed in the implants connected to platform-switched titanium abutments ( P ≤ 0.001). Titanium was released from all test groups, with its highest mean release (108 ppb) observed in the implants connected to platform-matched gold abutments ( P < 0.001). SEM images showed surface tribocorrosion features such as pitting and bands of fretting scars. Wear particles were mostly titanium, ranging from submicron to 48 µm in length. The platform-matched groups demonstrated a higher amount of metal ion release and more surface damage. These findings highlight the positive effect of the platform-switching concept in the reduction of tribocorrosion products released from dental implants, which consequently may minimize the adverse tissue reactions that lead to peri-implant bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Alrabeah
- 1 Prosthodontic Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,2 Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,3 Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J C Knowles
- 2 Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,4 Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN) and Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM, Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 518-10 Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.,5 The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, UCL Campus, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - H Petridis
- 1 Prosthodontic Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Corrosion behavior of titanium in response to sulfides produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Dent Mater 2018; 34:183-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wheelis SE, Wilson TG, Valderrama P, Rodrigues DC. Surface characterization of titanium implant healing abutments before and after placement. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2017; 20:180-190. [PMID: 29214721 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implant healing abutments (IHA) have a vital role in soft tissue healing after implant placement. Although there is thorough investigation on the implant surface, little is known about the effects potentially damaging oral conditions impose on healing abutments. PURPOSE To characterize the surface of titanium healing abutments before and after clinical placement to understand the effects of the oral environment and time on the device surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten regular Straumann IHA were subjected to characterization pre and postplacement to elucidate the effects of the oral environment on device surfaces. Changes in surface crystallinity, morphology, and elemental composition were monitored with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. In addition, corrosion rate and polarization resistance were obtained to assess electrochemical device stability after placement. RESULTS Control analysis indicated the titanium oxide of IHAs was thicker than natural commercially pure titanium and had the structure of crystalline anatase. After removal, the abutments possessed large amounts of biological debris, visible scratches, and discoloration sparsely on the surface. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the titanium oxide on the surface of IHAs was structurally unchanged, with crystalline titanium dioxide still present on the surface. Electrochemical results revealed that implanted healing abutments possessed a significantly higher corrosion rate than controls (change in corrosion rate = 2.34 ± 0.58 nm/year). CONCLUSIONS Healing abutments were stable in the oral environment due to the chemical stability of the oxide, and were likely subjected to abrasions from unintentional loading and oral hygiene techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutton E Wheelis
- Deparment of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G Wilson
- Deparment of Periodontics and Dental Implants, North Dallas Dental Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pilar Valderrama
- Deparment of Periodontics and Dental Implants, North Dallas Dental Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Danieli C Rodrigues
- Deparment of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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Ramesh D, Sridhar S, Siddiqui DA, Valderrama P, Rodrigues DC. Detoxification of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Evaluation of Surface Morphology and Bone-Forming Cell Compatibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40735-017-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abdallah MN, Badran Z, Ciobanu O, Hamdan N, Tamimi F. Strategies for Optimizing the Soft Tissue Seal around Osseointegrated Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28960892 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous and permucosal devices such as catheters, infusion pumps, orthopedic, and dental implants are commonly used in medical treatments. However, these useful devices breach the soft tissue barrier that protects the body from the outer environment, and thus increase bacterial infections resulting in morbidity and mortality. Such associated infections can be prevented if these devices are effectively integrated with the surrounding soft tissue, and thus creating a strong seal from the surrounding environment. However, so far, there are no percutaneous/permucosal medical devices able to prevent infection by achieving strong integration at the soft tissue-device interface. This review gives an insight into the current status of research into soft tissue-implant interface and the challenges associated with these interfaces. Biological soft/hard tissue interfaces may provide insights toward engineering better soft tissue interfaces around percutaneous devices. In this review, focus is put on the history and current findings as well as recent progress of the strategies aiming to develop a strong soft tissue seal around osseointegrated implants, such as orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Nur Abdallah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Division of Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Toronto University; Toronto M5G 1G6 ON Canada
| | - Zahi Badran
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Department of Periodontology (CHU/Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11); Faculty of Dental Surgery; University of Nantes; Nantes 44042 France
| | - Ovidiu Ciobanu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
| | - Nader Hamdan
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Dalhousie University; Halifax B3H 4R2 NS Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
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Alrabeah GO, Brett P, Knowles JC, Petridis H. The effect of metal ions released from different dental implant-abutment couples on osteoblast function and secretion of bone resorbing mediators. J Dent 2017; 66:91-101. [PMID: 28800964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The etiology of the reduced marginal bone loss observed around platform-switched implant-abutment connections is not clear but could be related to the release of variable amounts of corrosion products. The present study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of metal ions released from different implant abutment couples on osteoblastic cell viability, apoptosis and expression of genes related to bone resorption. METHODS Osteoblastic cells were exposed to five conditions of culture media prepared containing metal ions (titanium, aluminum, vanadium, cobalt, chromium and molybdenum) in different concentrations representing the amounts released from platform-matched and platform-switched implant-abutment couples as a result of an earlier accelerated corrosion experiment. Cell viability was evaluated over 21days using the Alamar Blue assay. Induction of apoptosis was measured after 24h of exposure using flow cytometry. Expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2, caspase-8, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) by osteoblastic cells were analysed after exposure for 1, 3 and 21days using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay RESULTS: Metal ions in concentrations representing the platform-matched groups led to a reduction in cell viability (P<0.01) up to 7days of exposure. Stimulated cells showed higher rates of early apoptosis (P<0.01) compared to non-treated cells. Metal ions up-regulated the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2 and RANKL in a dose dependent manner after 1day of exposure (P<0.05). The up-regulation was more pronounced in the groups containing the corrosion products of platform-matched implant-abutment couples. CONCLUSION Osteoblastic cell viability, apoptosis, and regulation of bone resorbing mediators were significantly altered in the presence of metal ions. The change in cytokine levels expressed was directly proportional to the metal ion concentration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The observed biological responses to decreased amounts of metal ions released from platform-switched implant-abutment couples compared to platform-matched couples may partly explain the positive radiographic findings in respect to crestal bone level when utilising the "platform-switching" concept, which highlights the possible role of corrosion products in the mediation of crestal bone loss around dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada O Alrabeah
- Prosthodontic Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Brett
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Haralampos Petridis
- Prosthodontic Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Giannelli M, Bani D, Tani A, Materassi F, Chellini F, Sassoli C. Effects of an Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser and Ultrasonic Scaler on Titanium Dioxide-Coated Titanium Surfaces Contaminated With Subgingival Plaque: An In Vitro Study to Assess Post-Treatment Biocompatibility With Osteogenic Cells. J Periodontol 2017; 88:1211-1220. [PMID: 28691887 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of conventional ultrasonic scaler versus an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser on titanium surfaces contaminated with subgingival plaque from patients with peri-implantitis are evaluated in terms of: 1) plaque and biocorroded titanium oxide coating removal; 2) surface change induction; and 3) residual biocompatibility toward osteoblasts. METHODS Subgingival plaque-coated titanium disks with a moderately rough surface were fixed with ethanol and treated with an ultrasonic scaler (metal tip) or Er:YAG laser (20.3 or 38.2 J/cm2) in non-contact mode. Fluorescent detection of residual plaque was performed. Disk surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Viability, attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of Saos-2 osteoblasts on new and treated disks were assayed by propidium iodide/DNA stain assay and confocal microscopic analysis of cytoskeleton, Ki67, expression of osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase, and formation of mineralized nodules. RESULTS Both methods resulted in effective debridement of treated surfaces, the plaque area being reduced to 11.7% with the ultrasonic scaler and ≤0.03% with the Er:YAG laser (38.2 J/cm2). Ultrasound-treated disks showed marked surface changes, incomplete removal of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer, and scanty plaque aggregates, whereas the Er:YAG laser (38.2 J/cm2) completely stripped away the plaque and TiO2 layer, leaving a micropitted surface. Both treatments maintained a good biocompatibility of surfaces to Saos-2 osteoblasts. Air-water cooling kept disk temperature below the critical threshold of 47°C. CONCLUSION This study shows that an ultrasonic scaler with metal tip is less efficient than high-energy Er:YAG irradiation to remove the plaque and TiO2 layer on anodized disks, although both procedures appear capable of restoring an adequate osseoconductivity of treated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Miao X, Wang D, Xu L, Wang J, Zeng D, Lin S, Huang C, Liu X, Jiang X. The response of human osteoblasts, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages and oral bacteria to nanostructured titanium surfaces: a systematic study. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1415-1430. [PMID: 28260888 PMCID: PMC5325133 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotopography modification is a major focus of interest in current titanium surface design; however, the influence of the nanostructured surface on human cell/bacterium behavior has rarely been systematically evaluated. In this study, a homogeneous nanofiber structure was prepared on a titanium surface (Nano) by alkali-hydrothermal treatment, and the effects of this Nano surface on the behaviors of human MG-63 osteoblasts, human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were evaluated in comparison with a smooth titanium surface (Smooth) by polishing and a micro-rough titanium surface (Micro) by sandblasting and acid etching. In addition, the impacts of these different surface morphologies on human THP-1 macrophage polarization and Streptococcus mutans attachment were also assessed. Our findings showed that the nanostructured surface enhanced the osteogenic activity of MG-63 cells (Nano=Micro>Smooth) at the same time that it improved the attachment of HGECs (Nano>Smooth>Micro) and HGFs (Nano=Micro>Smooth). Furthermore, the surface with nanotexture did not affect macrophage polarization (Nano=Micro=Smooth), but did reduce initial bacterial adhesion (Nano
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Miao
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Lianyi Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Deliang Zeng
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Shuxian Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
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Cionca N, Hashim D, Mombelli A. Zirconia dental implants: where are we now, and where are we heading? Periodontol 2000 2016; 73:241-258. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rodrigues DC, Sridhar S, Gindri IM, Siddiqui DA, Valderrama P, Wilson TG, Chung KH, Wadhwani C. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of the effects of bacteria on dental implant surfaces. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface morphology and chemical composition of commercially pure titanium dental implants and healing abutments exposed in vitro or in vivo to oral bacteria were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Chandur Wadhwani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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Gindri IM, Siddiqui DA, Frizzo CP, Martins MAP, Rodrigues DC. Improvement of tribological and anti-corrosive performance of titanium surfaces coated with dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13961b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with amino acid anionic moieties were employed as coatings for commercially pure titanium (Ti) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clarissa P. Frizzo
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil-97105
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil-97105
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