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Insua A, Galindo-Moreno P, Miron RJ, Wang HL, Monje A. Emerging factors affecting peri-implant bone metabolism. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:27-78. [PMID: 37904311 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Implant dentistry has evolved to the point that standard implant osseointegration is predictable. This is attributed in part to the advancements in material sciences that have led toward improvements in implant surface technology and characteristics. Nonetheless, there remain several cases where implant therapy fails (specifically at early time points), most commonly attributed to factors affecting bone metabolism. Among these patients, smokers are known to have impaired bone metabolism and thus be subject to higher risks of early implant failure and/or late complications related to the stability of the peri-implant bone and mucosal tissues. Notably, however, emerging data have unveiled other critical factors affecting osseointegration, namely, those related to the metabolism of bone tissues. The aim of this review is to shed light on the effects of implant-related factors, like implant surface or titanium particle release; surgical-related factors, like osseodensification or implanted biomaterials; various drugs, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, anti-hypertensives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, and statins, and host-related factors, like smoking, diet, and metabolic syndrome on bone metabolism, and aseptic peri-implant bone loss. Despite the infectious nature of peri-implant biological complications, these factors must be surveyed for the effective prevention and management of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Insua
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Chih SM, Cheng CD, Chen SH, Sung CE, Huang RY, Cheng WC. The Impact of Smoking on Peri-implant Microbiota: A Systematic Review. J Dent 2023; 133:104525. [PMID: 37088258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peri-implantitis is associated with bacterial plaque biofilms and with patients who have a history of periodontitis. Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis, but the relationship between smoking and peri-implantitis is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to assess evidence ascertaining the relationship between smoking and peri-implant microbiota. DATA SOURCES An electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and Scopus® databases in duplicate up to January 2023 without language restrictions. Studies were considered eligible for inclusion if they involved evaluation of the peri-implant microbiota of smokers and nonsmokers. Methodological quality was assessed with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa scale. STUDY SELECTION Fourteen studies were identified for inclusion in the present study, and 85.7% of the studies were defined as medium to high methodological quality. Overall, the evidence presented in this review was limited to medium to high methodological quality. The data indicates that significantly higher frequencies of anaerobic pathogens are detectable in healthy peri-implant tissues of smokers. A lower diversity of microbiota was observed in healthy peri-implant sites of smokers. In the transition from clinically healthy to a diseased status, smoking shaped a reduced peri-implant microbiota by depleting commensal and enriching pathogenic species. CONCLUSIONS The composition of peri-implant microbiota may be influenced by smoking. More studies are needed to determine the impact of smoking on peri-implant microbiota. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In the transition from clinically healthy to a diseased status, smoking shaped a reduced peri-implant microbiota by depleting commensal and enriching pathogenic species. The composition of peri-implant microbiota may be influenced by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mi Chih
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Chia-Dan Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Han Chen
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Sung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yeong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Dewan H, Robaian A, Divakar DD, Hegde SMR, Shankar SM, Poojary B. Levels of peri-implant sulcular fluid levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and TNF-α among cigarette smokers and non-smokers with peri-implantitis. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:1-9. [PMID: 35848046 DOI: 10.3233/thc-213123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are inflammatory biomarkers. No studies have yet assessed the suPAR levels in relation with TNF-α in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) among cigarette smokers and non-smokers with peri-implantitis. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate PISF levels of suPAR, and TNF-α among cigarette smokers and non-smokers with and without peri-implantitis. METHODS Sixty male patients with peri-implantitis were included. There were 20 cigarette smokers and 20 and non-smokers with peri-implantitis (Groups 1 and 2), and 20 non-smokers without peri-implantitis (Group 3). Demographic data and information related to cigarette smoking was recorded. Peri-implant clinicoradiographic parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing depth [PD] and crestal bone loss [CBL]) were assessed. The PISF samples were collected and levels of suPAR and TNF-α were measured. Sample-size estimation was performed and all parameters were statistically assessed. Level of significance was set at P< 0.05. RESULTS Sixty individuals were included in Groups 1, 2 and 3 (20 in each). Peri-implant PI (P< 0.01), PD (P< 0.01) and mesial (P< 0.01) and distal (P< 0.01) CBL were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3. The PISF volume (P< 0.01) and suPAR (P< 0.01) and TNF-α levels (P< 0.01) were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 than in Group 3. There was no difference in PISF volume and suPAR and TNF-α levels between patients in Groups 1 and 2. In Group 2, there was a statistically significant correlation between peri-implant PD and PISF suPAR and TNF-α levels (P< 0.01). The suPAR and TNF-α levels are expressed in high concentrations in the PISF of smokers and non-smokers with peri-implantitis compared with non-smokers without peri-implantitis. CONCLUSION In non-smokers, PISF suPAR and TNF-α levels are correlated with peri-implant PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harisha Dewan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Robaian
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shrinidhi Maji Shankar
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharathi Poojary
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
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Monje A, Kan JY, Borgnakke W. Impact of local predisposing/precipitating factors and systemic drivers on peri‐implant diseases. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2022. [PMID: 36533411 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong evidence suggests the infectious nature of peri-implant diseases occurring in susceptible hosts. Epidemiological reports, though, indicate that peri-implantitis is a site-specific entity. Hence, the significance of local factors that may predispose/precipitate plaque accumulation and the impact of systemic drivers that alter the immune response are relevant in the prevention and management of peri-implant disorders. PURPOSE The purpose of the present review is to shed light on the significance of local and systemic factors on peri-implant diseases, making special emphasis on the associations with peri-implantitis. METHODS The biologic plausibility and supporting evidence aiming at providing a concluding remark were explored in the recent scientific literature for local predisposing/precipitating factors and systemic drivers related to peri-implant diseases. RESULTS Local predisposing factors such as soft tissue characteristics, implant position and prosthetic design proved being strongly associated with the occurrence of peri-implant diseases. Hard tissue characteristics, however, failed to demonstrate having a direct association with peri-implant diseases. Robust data points toward the strong link between residual sub-mucosal cement and peri-implant diseases, while limited data suggests the impact of residual sub-mucosal floss and peri-implantitis. Systemic drivers/habits such as hyperglycemia and smoking showed a strong negative impact on peri-implantitis. However, there is insufficient evidence to claim for any link between metabolic syndrome, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and obesity and peri-implant diseases. CONCLUSION Local predisposing/precipitating factors and systemic drivers may increase the risk of peri-implant diseases. Therefore, comprehensive anamnesis of the patients, educational/motivational programs and exhaustive prosthetically-driven treatment planning must be fostered aiming at reducing the rate of biological complications in implant dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Department of Periodontology Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Barcelona Spain
- Department of Periodontology, ZMK University of Bern Bern CH Switzerland
| | - Joseph Y. Kan
- Department of Implantology Loma Linda University Loma Linda California USA
| | - Wenche Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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Al-Qahtani F, Alqhtani N, Divakar DD, Alkhtani F, Alqarawi FK. Levels of whole salivary advanced glycation end products and interleukin-17 and peri-implant clinical and radiographic status in patients with osteoporosis at 6-years' follow-up. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:526. [PMID: 36424586 PMCID: PMC9685916 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no studies that have assessed advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) levels in whole saliva (WS) of patients with dental implants. The aim was to compare levels of AGEs and IL-17A in WS and peri-implant clinical and radiographic status of patients with and without osteoporosis at 6-years' follow-up. METHODS Osteoporotic (Group-1) and systemically healthy controls (Group-2) having undergone dental implant therapy at least 5 years ago were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration and treatment of osteoporosis, number and duration of implants in function, and frequencies of toothbrushing, flossing and hygiene visits. Modified bleeding and plaque indies (mBI and mPI), peri-implant probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded. WS was collected and levels of AGEs and IL-17A were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Sample-size estimation was done and statistical analyses were doing using the independent t- and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Statistical significance was marked for P-values that were below 0.01. RESULTS In patients with (n = 24) and without (n = 27) osteoporosis, implants were in function for 6.3 ± 0.27 and 6.6 ± 0.5 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in peri-implant mBI, PD, mPI and CBL in both groups. Levels of AGE in patients with (119.6 ± 26.5 μg/ml) and without (91.5 ± 14.6 μg/ml) osteoporosis were comparable. Levels of whole salivary IL-17A in patients without and with osteoporosis were 4.6 ± 0.3 and 5.1 ± 0.8 pg/ml, respectively. Flossing of full mouth interproximal spaces once and twice daily toothbrushing daily was reported by 100% patients with osteoporosis. Among patients with osteoporosis 75% and 25% individuals were receiving professional dental prophylaxis every 4 and 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study osteoporotic patients are not at an increased risk of peri-implant diseases and can demonstrate salivary AGE and IL-17A levels comparable to non-osteoporotic individuals as long as oral hygiene is stringently maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Al-Qahtani
- grid.449553.a0000 0004 0441 5588Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Prince-Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Alqhtani
- grid.449553.a0000 0004 0441 5588Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Department of Dental Medicine, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577204 India
| | - Fahad Alkhtani
- grid.449553.a0000 0004 0441 5588Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firas K. Alqarawi
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
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Al-Kheraif AA, Alshahrani OA, Al-Shehri AM, Khan AA. Chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine-mediated photodynamic therapy in the treatment of stage-II chronic periodontitis among smokers. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:582-590. [PMID: 35678189 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the clinical periodontal, bacterial, and immunological outcomes of chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to dental scaling (DS) versus DS alone among cigarette smokers (CS) and never-smokers (NS). METHODS A total of 26 patients (13 CS and 13 NS) with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of stage-II chronic periodontitis were recruited. Each patient from both groups were subjected with two parallel therapies (split-mouth): PDT + DS (test side) and DS alone (control side). Periodontal parameters were investigated by evaluating plaque scores (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL). Subgingival plaque was collected to detect and quantify Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Gingival crevicular fluid was sampled for the quantification of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. All assessments were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS Bleeding on probing was significantly reduced at 6 months after PDT + DS in CS groups (p < .05). Mean PD and CAL significantly reduced after both PDT + DS and DS subgroups and among NS and CS groups (p < .05). At 6 months follow-up, the copy number of both P. gingivalis and T. forsythia remained significantly high in CS group (p < .01). Only PDT + DS subgroup in CS significantly reduced the counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia at 3 months and 6 months (p < .05). Only at 6 months did PDT + DS showed statistically significantly reduced IL-1β levels in the NS group (p < .01). TNF-α levels significantly reduced in CS group with PDT + DS and DS alone at both 3 months and 6 months follow-up (p < .01). CONCLUSION Chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine-mediated PDT helped to improve the non-surgical periodontal therapy outcomes among stage-II chronic periodontitis patients among smokers and never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Abdullah Alshahrani
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Shehri
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Plemmenos G, Piperi C. Pathogenic Molecular Mechanisms in Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: Role of Advanced Glycation End Products. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020218. [PMID: 35207505 PMCID: PMC8874682 DOI: 10.3390/life12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), the products of the non-enzymatic oxidation of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are accumulated in periodontal tissues under hyperglycemic conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and are responsible for sustained periodontal destruction. AGEs mediate their intracellular effects either directly or indirectly through receptor binding (via RAGE) in all types of periodontal ligament cells (osteocytes, gingival fibroblasts, stem cells, epithelial cells), indicating an important target for intervention. In combination with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the negative impact of AGEs on periodontal tissue is further enhanced and accentuated. In addition, AGE accumulation is evident in peri-implantitis, yet through different underlying molecular mechanisms. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting the effects of AGEs in periodontal ligament cells show beneficial effects in pre-clinical studies. Herein, we provide evidence on the detrimental role of AGE accumulation in oral cavity tissues and their associated signaling pathways in periodontitis and peri-implantitis to further highlight the significance of oral or topical use of AGE blockers or inhibitors along with dental biofilms’ removal and DM regulation in patients’ management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Plemmenos
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; or
| | - Christina Piperi
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; or
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107462610
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ALHarthi SS, Alamry NZ, BinShabaib MS. Effect of multiple sessions of photodynamic therapy on bone regeneration around dental implants among patients with peri-implantitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102612. [PMID: 34740836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on bone regeneration around dental implants among patients with peri-implantitis. METHODS Patients with peri-implantitis were included. Therapeutically, patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: (a) Group-I: Mechanical debridement (MD) alone; (b) Group-II: MD at baseline followed by a single session of adjunct a PDT; (c) Group-III: MD at baseline followed by aPDT at baseline and at 3-months of follow-up; and Group-IV: MD at baseline followed by aPDT at baseline and at 3- and 6-months of follow-up. Demographic data was collected and peri-implant clinical (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD]) and radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) parameters were assessed at baseline and after 9 months. Sample-size estimation was done on data from a pilot investigation and group comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment tests. Level of significance was set at P<0.01. RESULTS Twenty-two, 22, 22 and 22 patients with peri-implantitis were enrolled in groups -I, -II, -III and -IV. The mean age of individuals in groups -I, -II, -III and -IV were 59.2 ± 5.3, 60.5 ± 2.8, 59.6 ± 3.1 and 58.7 ± 0.8 years, respectively. Compared with Group-I, there was a statistically significant reduction in PI (P<0.01), GI (P<0.01) and PD (P<0.01) in all groups at 9-months follow-up. There was no significant difference in PI, GI and PD in groups -II, -III and -IV at 9-months follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in CBL in all groups at baseline and at 9-months-follow-up. CONCLUSION The use of aPDT as an adjunct to MD reduces the severity of peri-implant mucositis but does not contribute towards bone regeneration in peri-implant osseous defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Subhi ALHarthi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujud Zayed Alamry
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Saleh BinShabaib
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Association of Self-Rated Pain with Clinical Peri-Implant Parameters and Cytokine Profile in Smokers and Never Smokers with and without Peri-Implantitis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To examine the association between self-perceived pain (SPP), clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters, and biomarker levels among smokers and never smokers with and without peri-implantitis. Sixty individuals (20 smokers with peri-implantitis [group-1], 20 never smokers with peri-implantitis [group-2] and 20 never smokers without peri-implantitis [control-group]) were included. SPP was evaluated using a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Peri-implant plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. After obtaining the samples, the levels of TNF-α, MMP-1, and IL-8 were measured. The mean SPP score in group-1, group-2, and the control group was 1.3 ± 1, 3.4 ± 1, and zero, respectively. The peri-implant mean PD (p < 0.05), BOP (p < 0.05), PI (p < 0.05), and crestal bone loss (CBL) (p < 0.05) were significantly higher among test groups than the control group. The levels of TNF-α, MMP-1, and IL-8 were significantly raised among group-1 and group-2 than the control group. A significant correlation between increasing SPP and PICF TNF-α, MMP-1, and IL-8 levels was observed based on regression analysis. Proinflammatory biomarkers were higher in smokers with peri-implantitis than never smokers with and without peri-implantitis, with a significant association between the proinflammatory cytokines and SPP.
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Alresayes S, Al-Askar M, Mokeem SA, Javed F, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Cortisol levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid among patients with and without peri-implantitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:746-752. [PMID: 33704787 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cortisol levels remain uninvestigated in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) of patients with and without peri-implantitis. The present investigation investigated levels of cortisol in PISF among controls (individuals without peri-implantitis) and patients with peri-implantitis. METHODS The patient population comprised of participants with and without peri-implantitis (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Demographic information and data related to implant characteristics was recorded. Peri-implant radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) and clinical (modified plaque and bleeding on probing indices [PI and BOP], and probing depth [PD]) and parameters were assessed. In all patients, levels of cortisol were measured in the PISF, which was collected using standard methods. Data normality and group comparisons were assessed, and multiple logistic regression was performed. Probability values less than 0.01 were nominated as being significant. RESULTS Eighty-eight individuals (44 and 44 in groups 1 and 2, correspondingly) were included. In group 1, 24 and 20 participants were males and females, and there were 22 and 22 males and females in group 2. Mean ages were analogous in both groups. Peri-implant BOP (p < .001); CBL (p < .001); PI (p < .001); and PD (p < .001) were higher among patients in group 1 compared with group 2. The volume of PISF (p < .001) collected and its concentrations of cortisol (p < .001) were significantly higher among patients in group 1 compared with group 2. Regression analysis showed that CBL and PD directly correlated with increased PISF levels of cortisol among participants with peri-implantitis. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the present study, it remains debatable whether or not PISF cortisol levels vary among patients with and without peri-implantitis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of PISF levels of cortisol in the diagnosis of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alresayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Al-Askar
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer A Mokeem
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al Hafez ASS, Ingle N, alshayeb AA, Tashery HM, Alqarni AAM, Alshamrani SH. Effectiveness of mechanical debridement with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic for treating peri-implant mucositis among prediabetic cigarette-smokers and non-smokers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Javed F, Lau J, Delgado-Ruiz R, Romanos GE. In-vitro evaluation of the primary stability of multiple condensing thread designed implants placed by novice and experienced clinicians. SURGERY IN PRACTICE AND SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sipas.2020.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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