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Wutke S, Blank SM, Boevé JL, Faircloth BC, Koch F, Linnen CR, Malm T, Niu G, Prous M, Schiff NM, Schmidt S, Taeger A, Vilhelmsen L, Wahlberg N, Wei M, Nyman T. Phylogenomics and biogeography of sawflies and woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 199:108144. [PMID: 38972494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Phylogenomic approaches have recently helped elucidate various insect relationships, but large-scale comprehensive analyses on relationships within sawflies and woodwasps are still lacking. Here, we infer the relationships and long-term biogeographic history of these hymenopteran groups using a large dataset of 354 UCE loci collected from 385 species that represent all major lineages. Early Hymenoptera started diversifying during the Early Triassic ∼249 Ma and spread all over the ancient supercontinent Pangaea. We recovered Xyeloidea as a monophyletic sister group to other Hymenoptera and Pamphilioidea as sister to Unicalcarida. Within the diverse family Tenthredinidae, our taxonomically and geographically expanded taxon sampling highlights the non-monophyly of several traditionally defined subfamilies. In addition, the recent removal of Athalia and related genera from the Tenthredinidae into the separate family Athaliidae is supported. The deep historical biogeography of the group is characterised by independent dispersals and re-colonisations between the northern (Laurasia) and southern (Gondwana) palaeocontinents. The breakup of these landmasses led to ancient vicariance in several Gondwanan lineages, while interchange across the Northern Hemisphere has continued until the Recent. The little-studied African sawfly fauna is likewise a diverse mixture of groups with varying routes of colonization. Our results reveal interesting parallels in the evolution and biogeography of early hymenopterans and other ancient insect groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Wutke
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Stephan M Blank
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Boevé
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brant C Faircloth
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank Koch
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Malm
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gengyun Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Marko Prous
- Museum of Natural History, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nathan M Schiff
- Formerly with the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Taeger
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Lars Vilhelmsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Meicai Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway
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2
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Liston A, Vikberg V, Mutanen M, Nyman T, Prous M. Palaearctic willow-catkin sawflies: a revision of the amentorum species group of Euura (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5323:349-395. [PMID: 38220961 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The Euura amentorum species group is Holarctic, and in Europe it is most species-rich in the North. Their larvae develop entirely within the female catkins of Salix species: some species bore in the central stalk, whereas others live outside this and feed mainly on the developing seeds. Eight Palaearctic species are treated here as valid, and a key to these is provided. Males of five species are known. Two new species are described from northern Europe: Euura pohjola sp. n. and E. ursaminor sp. n. First records of E. itelmena (Malaise, 1931) from the West Palaearctic are presented. We propose seven new synonymies: Pontopristia montana Lindqvist, 1961 (junior secondary homonym in Euura) with Euura freyja (Liston, Taeger & Blank, 2009); Pontopristia brevilabris Malaise, 1921, Amauronematus fennicus Lindqvist, 1944, Pontopristia boreoalpina Lindqvist, 1961, Pontopristia punctulata Lindqvist, 1961, and Amauronematus pyrenaeus Lacourt, 1995 with Euura microphyes (Frster, 1854); and Pteronidea holmgreni Lindqvist, 1968 with Nematus umbratus Thomson, 1871. Lectotypes are designated for: Amauronematus fennicus Lindqvist, 1944, Nematus amentorum Frster, 1854, Nematus suavis Ruthe, 1859, Pontopristia brevilabris Malaise, 1921, Pontopristia itelmena Malaise, 1931, Pontopristia kamtchatica Malaise, 1931, Pontopristia lapponica Malaise, 1921, Pontopristia latiserra Malaise, 1921, Pontopristia romani Malaise, 1921, and Pristiphora amentorum var. nigripleuris Enslin, 1916. Many new host plant associations are recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Liston
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut; Eberswalder Str. 90; 15374 Mncheberg; Germany.
| | - Veli Vikberg
- Liinalammintie 11 as. 6; 14200 Turenki; Finland.
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit; PO Box 3000; 90014 University of Oulu; Finland.
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research; Svanvik; Norway.
| | - Marko Prous
- Department of Zoology; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; Vanemuise 46; 51014 Tartu; Estonia.
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3
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Archibald SB, Rasnitsyn AP. Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera, 'Symphyta') in the Paleogene: revision, the new subfamily Cenocimbicinae, and new taxa from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands. Zootaxa 2023; 5278:1-38. [PMID: 37518298 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
We erect the Cenocimbicinae, a new subfamily of Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta), restricted to the Selandian Menat Formation of France, the oldest occurrence of the family, and the Ypresian Okanagan Highlands of far-western North America. We describe new taxa from the Okanagan Highlands: Allenbycimbex morrisae gen. et sp. nov. and Leptostigma n. gen. with seven new species: L. alaemacula n. sp., L. brevilatum n. sp., L. fasciatum n. sp., L. longiclava n. sp., L. longipallidum n. sp., L. longitenebricum n. sp., and L. proxivena n. sp. We revise the Cimbicidae from the Ypresian Green River Formation and the Priabonian Florissant Formation, both in Colorado, USA. The oldest fossil of a modern cimbicid subfamily appears with a single pachylostictine specimen in the Green River Formation, and all Cimbicidae are in modern subfamilies after the Ypresian (we did not examine one larva known from Priabonian Baltic amber). Pseudocimbex clavatus Rohwer 1908 from the Florissant Formation is not a cimbicid; we treat it as Tenthredinoidea incertae sedis. We transfer Cimbex vetusculus Cockerell to Floricimbex n. gen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bruce Archibald
- Department of Earth; Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; University of British Columbia; 2020 - 2207 Main Mall; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada; V6T 1Z4; Canada; Department of Biological Sciences; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive; Burnaby; British Columbia; V5A 1S6; Canada; Museum of Comparative Zoology; 26 Oxford Street; Cambridge; Massachusetts; 02138; United States of America; Royal British Columbia Museum; 675 Belleville Street; Victoria; British Columbia; V8W 9W2; Canada.
| | - Alexandr P Rasnitsyn
- A.A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 117647; Russia; Invertebrate Paleontology Department; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road; London SW7 5BD; United Kingdom.
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Boevé JL, Sonet G, Jacobson HR, Angeli S. Cypress terpenes in sawfly larva of Susana cupressi (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinoidea). THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2023; 110:13. [PMID: 36971882 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Several sawfly species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) possess larval stages with oesophageal diverticula in which plant compounds are sequestered and used for defence against predators. These organs are present in the larvae of Susana (Tenthredinidae) but remain poorly studied. Here, the aim was to analyse the diverticula extract of Susana cupressi by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to better understand the ecology of this species. The foliage of the hostplant (Cupressus sempervirens), as well as the larval foregut, midgut, and haemolymph were also analysed. Complementary data were gathered by morphological observations, bioassays using ants, and genetic analyses to identify the studied Susana species. Altogether, 48 terpenes were identified, 30 being sesquiterpenes. The terpenes were generally detected in the foliage, but also in the diverticula, foregut, and midgut, whereas none of them in the haemolymph. The main compounds were alpha-cedrene, alpha-fenchene, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinyl acetate, beta-myrcene, beta-pinene, cedrol, delta 3-carene, epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, germacrene D, limonene, sabinene, and terpinolene. The chemical profiles of these 13 compounds were significantly correlated between foliage-diverticula, diverticula-foregut and foregut-midgut, but not correlated for the three remaining possible comparisons. Alpha-pinene decreased and germacrene D increased from the foliage to the diverticula, which may reflect a specific sequestration of the latter terpene and its known deleterious effects on insects. We conclude that larvae of S. cupressi, similarly to those of diprionids, are well defended against predatory attacks by sequestering and regurgitating hostplant terpenes, including germacrene D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Boevé
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gontran Sonet
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Italy
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the woodwasp Euxiphydria potanini (Hymenoptera, Xiphydrioidea) and phylogenetic implications for symphytans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17677. [PMID: 36271278 PMCID: PMC9587024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-necked woodwasp superfamily Xiphydrioidea belongs to the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Here we newly characterize the complete mitochondrial genome of the South Korean Euxiphydria potanini (Xiphydriidae) using next-generation sequencing: 16,500 bp long with 84.27% A + T content and 37 typical mitochondrial genes including those encoding 13 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and one A + T rich region. We compare the patterns of symphytan mitochondrial gene arrangement with those of an ancestral insect form and found some synapomorphic rearrangements in phylogenetic context. We use a variety of nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignments (thirteen mtPCGs and/or eight nDNAs) alongside step-by-step exclusions of long-branched taxa to elucidate the phylogenetic position of Xiphydrioidea and phylogenetic relationships among the seven symphytan superfamilies, except for Anaxyeloidea of which no mtgenome was available. The monophyly of symphytan superfamilies (with weak support for Pamphilioidea), sister-group relationship of Xiphydrioidea and Cephoidea, and Symphyta being paraphyletic to Apocrita, etc. are consistently supported by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees. We also discuss the problematic phylogenetic positions of Orussoidea and Siricoidea and propose a hypothetical scenario of morphological character transition during hymenopteran evolution based on morphological key characteristics, such as the cenchrus and the wasp-waist.
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Niu G, Budak M, Korkmaz EM, Doğan Ö, Nel A, Wan S, Cai C, Jouault C, Li M, Wei M. Phylogenomic Analyses of the Tenthredinoidea Support the Familial Rank of Athaliidae (Insecta, Tenthredinoidea). INSECTS 2022; 13:858. [PMID: 36292806 PMCID: PMC9604231 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The systematic status of the genus Athalia and related genera is a perennial controversy in sawfly taxonomy. Several authors have hypothesized that the placement of Athalia within the Tenthredinidae is artificial, but no studies have focused on this topic. If the hypothesis that Athalia does not belong to Tenthredinidae can be supported, the taxonomic framework of Tenthredinoidea needs revision. We present a comprehensive phylogenomic study of Tenthredinoidae, focusing on the positions of Athalia and related genera by sampling 80 representatives mainly of the Tenthredinoidea, including Heptamelinae and Blasticotomidae. Our phylogenetic reconstructions based on nuclear genes and mitochondrial (mt) sequences support Athalia and related genera as a distinct clade sister to Tenthredinidae + (Cimbicidae + Diprionidae). A comparison of symphytan mitochondrial genomes reveals an innovative gene rearrangement pattern in Athaliidae, in which Dentathalia demonstrates a more ancestral pattern than Athalia and Hypsathalia. The lineage specificity of mt rRNA secondary structures also provides sufficient support to consider Athaliidae as a separate family. In summary, the phylogeny and genomic structural changes unanimously support the taxonomic treatment of Athaliidae as a family and the re-establishment of Dentathalia as a valid genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyun Niu
- Laboratory of Insect Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Mahir Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Ertan Mahir Korkmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Özgül Doğan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - André Nel
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Siying Wan
- Laboratory of Insect Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Chenyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Corentin Jouault
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Min Li
- Laboratory of Insect Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Meicai Wei
- Laboratory of Insect Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Sethuraman A, Tovar A, Welch W, Dettmers R, Arce C, Skaggs T, Rothenberg A, Saisho R, Summerhays B, Cartmill R, Grenier C, Vasquez Y, Vansant H, Obrycki J. Genome of the parasitoid wasp Dinocampus coccinellae reveals extensive duplications, accelerated evolution, and independent origins of thelytokous parthenogeny and solitary behavior. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6499286. [PMID: 35100359 PMCID: PMC8896016 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a generalist parasitoid wasp that parasitizes >50 species of predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), with thelytokous parthenogeny as its primary mode of reproduction. Here, we present the first high-quality genome of D. coccinellae using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing technologies, followed by assembly and scaffolding of chromosomal segments using Chicago + HiC technologies. We also present a first-pass ab initio and a reference-based genome annotation and resolve timings of divergence and evolution of (1) solitary behavior vs eusociality, (2) arrhenotokous vs thelytokous parthenogenesis, and (3) rates of gene loss and gain among Hymenopteran lineages. Our study finds (1) at least 2 independent origins of eusociality and solitary behavior among Hymenoptera, (2) 2 independent origins of thelytokous parthenogenesis from ancestral arrhenotoky, and (3) accelerated rates of gene duplications, loss, and gain along the lineages leading to D. coccinellae. Our work both affirms the ancient divergence of Braconid wasps from ancestral Hymenopterans and accelerated rates of evolution in response to adaptations to novel hosts, including polyDNA viral coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sethuraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Alicia Tovar
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Walker Welch
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Ryan Dettmers
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Camila Arce
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Timothy Skaggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Alexander Rothenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Roxane Saisho
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Bryce Summerhays
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Ryan Cartmill
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Christy Grenier
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Yumary Vasquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Systems, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Hannah Vansant
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - John Obrycki
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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8
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Abstract
Aposematism and mimicry are complex phenomena which have been studied extensively; however, much of our knowledge comes from just a few focal groups, especially butterflies. Aposematic species combine a warning signal with a secondary defense that reduces their profitability as prey. Aculeate hymenopterans are an extremely diverse lineage defined by the modification of the ovipositor into a stinger which represents a potent defense against predators. Aculeates are often brightly colored and broadly mimicked by members of other arthropod groups including Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Araneae. However, aculeates are surprisingly understudied as aposematic and mimetic model organisms. Recent studies have described novel pigments contributing to warning coloration in insects and identified changes in cis-regulatory elements as potential drivers of color pattern evolution. Many biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the evolution and maintenance of conspicuous color patterns. Predator distribution and diversity seem to influence the phenotypic diversity of aposematic velvet ants while studies on bumble bees underscore the importance of intermediate mimetic phenotypes in transition zones between putative mimicry rings. Aculeate hymenopterans are attractive models for studying sex-based intraspecific mimicry as male aculeates lack the defense conferred by the females’ stinger. In some species, evolution of male and female color patterns appears to be decoupled. Future studies on aposematic aculeates and their associated mimics hold great promise for unraveling outstanding questions about the evolution of conspicuous color patterns and the factors which determine the composition and distribution of mimetic communities.
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Lobato-Vila I, Bae J, Roca-Cusachs M, Kang M, Jung S, Melika G, Pénzes Z, Pujade-Villar J. Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous phylogenetic studies of the tribe Synergini were focused on Palaearctic material, in which the genus Synergus was recovered as monophyletic, despite evidence of non-monophyly when global sampling is considered. A global molecular phylogeny of Synergini, including sequenced material from Nearctic and Neotropical realms, is presented herein for the first time. We assembled DNA data for 120 specimens: 104 representing all genera belonging to Synergini, except for the rare monospecific genus Agastoroxenia (ingroup), and 16 belonging to five other tribes of Cynipidae (outgroup). We obtained sequences for four genes: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb), 28S region D2 (28S D2) and 28S region D3 (28S D3). The evaluated analyses support the non-monophyly of both Saphonecrus and Synergus (with Nearctic and Neotropical Synergus resolved into three clades separated from the Palaearctic species), as well as the monophyly of the rest of the genera in Synergini. Furthermore, the results suggest that neither Saphonecrus s.s. nor Synergus s.s. are present in the New World. The future challenges to separate the clades of Saphonecrus and Synergus into new taxa are discussed. Lastly, Rhoophilus was shown to belong to a new tribe, Rhoophilini trib. nov., on the basis of molecular, morphological and biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lobato-Vila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jongmin Bae
- Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 34134 Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 34134 Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Marcos Roca-Cusachs
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 34134 Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minjoon Kang
- Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 34134 Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 34134 Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 34134 Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 34134 Daejeon, South Korea
| | - George Melika
- Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pénzes
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Juli Pujade-Villar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Vilhelmsen L, Chatzaki V. Fight or fright: potential drivers of body size evolution in Cimbicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-021-00533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Niu G, Jiang S, Doğan Ö, Korkmaz EM, Budak M, Wu D, Wei M. Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinoidea) Supports the Monophyly of Megabelesesinae as a Subfamily. INSECTS 2021; 12:495. [PMID: 34073280 PMCID: PMC8227683 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tenthredinidae represents one of the external feeders of the most diverse superfamily, Tenthredinoidea, with diverse host plant utilization. In this study, four complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), those of Cladiucha punctata, Cladiucha magnoliae, Megabeleses magnoliae, and Megabeleses liriodendrovorax, are newly sequenced and comparatively analyzed with previously reported tenthredinid mitogenomes. The close investigation of mitogenomes and the phylogeny of Tenthredinidae leads us to the following conclusions: The subfamilial relationships and phylogenetic placements within Tenthredinidae are mostly found to be similar to the previously suggested phylogenies. However, the present phylogeny supports the monophyly of Megabelesesinae as a subfamily, with the sister-group placement of Cladiucha and Megabeleses outside of Allantinae. The occurrence of the same type of tRNA rearrangements (MQI and ANS1ERF) in the mitogenomes of Megabelesesinae species and the presence of apomorphic morphological characters also provide robust evidence for this new subfamily. The divergence and diversification times of the subfamilies appear to be directly related to colonization of the flowering plants following the Early Cretaceous. The origin time and diversification patterns of Megabelesesinae were also well matched with the divergence times of their host plants from Magnoliaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyun Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (G.N.); (D.W.)
| | - Sijia Jiang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Özgül Doğan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey; (Ö.D.); (M.B.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Ertan Mahir Korkmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey; (Ö.D.); (M.B.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Mahir Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey; (Ö.D.); (M.B.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Duo Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (G.N.); (D.W.)
| | - Meicai Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (G.N.); (D.W.)
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12
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Michell C, Wutke S, Aranda M, Nyman T. Genomes of the willow-galling sawflies Euura lappo and Eupontania aestiva (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae): a resource for research on ecological speciation, adaptation, and gall induction. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab094. [PMID: 33788947 PMCID: PMC8104934 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hymenoptera is a hyperdiverse insect order represented by over 153,000 different species. As many hymenopteran species perform various crucial roles for our environments, such as pollination, herbivory, and parasitism, they are of high economic and ecological importance. There are 99 hymenopteran genomes in the NCBI database, yet only five are representative of the paraphyletic suborder Symphyta (sawflies, woodwasps, and horntails), while the rest represent the suborder Apocrita (bees, wasps, and ants). Here, using a combination of 10X Genomics linked-read sequencing, Oxford Nanopore long-read technology, and Illumina short-read data, we assembled the genomes of two willow-galling sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae: Euurina): the bud-galling species Euura lappo and the leaf-galling species Eupontania aestiva. The final assembly for E. lappo is 259.85 Mbp in size, with a contig N50 of 209.0 kbp and a BUSCO score of 93.5%. The E. aestiva genome is 222.23 Mbp in size, with a contig N50 of 49.7 kbp and a 90.2% complete BUSCO score. De novo annotation of repetitive elements showed that 27.45% of the genome was composed of repetitive elements in E. lappo and 16.89% in E. aestiva, which is a marked increase compared to previously published hymenopteran genomes. The genomes presented here provide a resource for inferring phylogenetic relationships among basal hymenopterans, comparative studies on host-related genomic adaptation in plant-feeding insects, and research on the mechanisms of plant manipulation by gall-inducing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Michell
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80100, Finland
| | - Saskia Wutke
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80100, Finland
| | - Manuel Aranda
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, 9925, Norway
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13
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Wan S, Wei M, Niu G. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Sinopoppia nigroflagella Wei, 1997 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) reveals a new gene order. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:999-1000. [PMID: 33796715 PMCID: PMC7995895 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1891989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinopoppia nigroflagella Wei, 1997 was sequenced and assembled. The circular genome is 15,940 bp long, with an A + T content of 80.33%, 37 genes, and a 658-bp control region. Specifically, trnL1 was translocated into the MQI gene cluster, and the other tRNA cluster was arranged as ARENS1F. The two gene clusters were thus arranged as ML1QI and ARENS1F. The phylogenetic results indicated that S. nigroflagella forms a sister group with Blennocampinae and Fenusinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Meicai Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gengyun Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
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14
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Comparative anatomy of the larvae of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae): a phylogenetic approach. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Malagón-Aldana LA, Smith DR, Shinohara A, Vilhelmsen L. From Arge to Zenarge: adult morphology and phylogenetics of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Argidae is the second most diverse family of the ‘Symphyta’ with more than 900 described species. Here we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study for the family. We compare the adult skeleton anatomy of representatives of 57 described argid genera from different biogeographic regions. We score 223 characters for 117 terminal taxa, and apply maximum parsimony inference to reconstruct the phylogeny, using equal weights and implied weights analyses. The Argidae sensu stricto, i.e. all Argidae except Zenarge, are consistently retrieved as monophyletic. The position of Zenarge changes according to the implied weighting parameters: ((Zenarge+Pergidae)+Argidae) at low (1–3) k-values, (Zenarge+(Pergidae+Argidae)) at high (4–30) k-values. We describe in detail the skeletal anatomy of Zenarge turneri and propose to raise it to family status: Zenargidae stat. revis. We consider the ridge on the teloparameres (=harpes) of the male genitalia to be the main autapomorphy of adults of the Argidae sensu stricto. We recover two main clades within the family and suggest recognizing these as the subfamilies Arginae and Sterictiphorinae. We trace the evolution of characters on the preferred implied weights tree. The genera Arge, Didymia, Pampsilota, Ptenos and Sphacophilus were paraphyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Malagón-Aldana
- Museo Entomológico UNAB, Grupo Sistemática de Insectos Agronomía SIA, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Denmark
| | - David R Smith
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Akihiko Shinohara
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lars Vilhelmsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Denmark
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16
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Comparative mitogenomics of Hymenoptera reveals evolutionary differences in structure and composition. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:460-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Kulanek D, Blank SM, Kramp K. First microsatellite markers for the pine catkin sawfly Xyela concava (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) and their application in phylogeography and population genetics. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8010. [PMID: 31741792 PMCID: PMC6858820 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellites are widely used as powerful markers in population genetics because of their ability to access recent genetic variation and to resolve subtle population genetic structures. However, their development, especially for non-model organisms with no available genome-wide sequence data has been difficult and time-consuming. Here, a commercial high-throughput sequencing approach (HTS) was used for the very first identification of microsatellite motifs in the genome of Xyela concava and the design of primer pairs flanking those motifs. Sixteen of those primer pairs were selected and implemented successfully to answer questions on the phylogeography and population genetics of X. concava. The markers were characterized in three geographically distinct populations of X. concava and tested for cross-species amplification in two additional Xyela and one Pleroneura species (Xyelidae). All markers showed substantial polymorphism as well as revealing subtle genetic structures among the three genotyped populations. We also analyzed a fragment of the nuclear gene region of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha (NaK) and a partial mitochondrial gene region coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) to demonstrate different genetic resolutions and sex-biased patterns of these markers, and their potential for combined use in future studies on the phylogeography and population genetics of X. concava. Although a limited number of populations was analyzed, we nevertheless obtained new insights on the latter two topics. The microsatellites revealed a generally high gene flow between the populations, but also suggested a deep historical segregation into two genetic lineages. This deep genetic segregation was confirmed by NaK. While the high gene flow was unexpected, because of assumed restricted dispersal ability of X. concava and the discontinuous distribution of the host trees between the populations, the segregation of two lineages is comprehensible and could be explained by different refuge areas of the hosts during glacial times. The COI results showed a discordant strong genetic structure between all populations, which might be explained by the smaller effective population size of the mitochondrial genome. However, given the frequent evidence of a similar nature in recent studies on sawflies, we also consider and discuss mitochondrial introgression on population level as an alternative explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Kulanek
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Blank
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
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18
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Prous M, Lee KM, Mutanen M. Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106670. [PMID: 31706020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In several sawfly taxa strong mitonuclear discordance has been observed, with nuclear genes supporting species assignments based on morphology, whereas the barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene suggests different relationships. As previous studies were based on only a few nuclear genes, the causes and the degree of mitonuclear discordance remain ambiguous. Here, we obtained genomic-scale ddRAD data together with Sanger sequences of mitochondrial COI and two to three nuclear protein coding genes to investigate species limits and mitonuclear discordance in two closely related species groups of the sawfly genus Empria. As found previously based on nuclear ITS and mitochondrial COI sequences, species are in most cases supported as monophyletic based on new nuclear data reported here, but not based on mitochondrial COI. This mitonuclear discordance can be explained by occasional mitochondrial introgression with little or no nuclear gene flow, a pattern that might be common in haplodiploid taxa with slowly evolving mitochondrial genomes. Some species in the E. immersa group are not recovered as monophyletic according to either mitochondrial or nuclear data, but this could partly be because of unresolved taxonomy. Preliminary analyses of ddRAD data did not recover monophyly of E. japonica within the E. longicornis group (three Sanger sequenced nuclear genes strongly supported monophyly), but closer examination of the data and additional Sanger sequencing suggested that both specimens were substantially (possibly 10-20% of recovered loci) cross-contaminated. A reason could be specimen identification tag jumps during sequencing library preparation that in previous studies have been shown to affect up to 2.5% of the sequenced reads. We provide an R script to examine patterns of identical loci among the specimens and estimate that the cross-contamination rate is not unusually high for our ddRAD dataset as a whole (based on counting of identical sequences in the immersa and longicornis groups, which are well separated from each other and probably do not hybridise). The high rate of cross-contamination for both E. japonica specimens might be explained by the small number of recovered loci (~1000) compared to most other specimens (>10 000 in some cases) because of poor sequencing results. We caution against drawing unexpected biological conclusions when closely related specimens are pooled before sequencing and tagged only at one end of the molecule or at both ends using a unique combination of limited number of tags (less than the number of specimens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Prous
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Straße 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
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19
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Yan Y, Niu G, Zhang Y, Ren Q, Du S, Lan B, Wei M. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Labriocimbex sinicus, a new genus and new species of Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera) from China. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7853. [PMID: 31608181 PMCID: PMC6786251 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Labriocimbex sinicus Yan & Wei gen. et sp. nov. of Cimbicidae is described. The new genus is similar to Praia Andre and Trichiosoma Leach. A key to extant Holarctic genera of Cimbicinae is provided. To identify the phylogenetic placement of Cimbicidae, the mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was annotated and characterized using high-throughput sequencing data. The complete mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was obtained with a length of 15,405 bp (GenBank: MH136623; SRA: SRR8270383) and a typical set of 37 genes (22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, and two rRNAs). The results demonstrated that all PCGs were initiated by ATN codon, and ended with TAA or T stop codons. The study reveals that all tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure, except for trnS1. Remarkably, the secondary structures of the rrnS and rrnL of L. sinicus were much different from those of Corynis lateralis. Phylogenetic analyses verified the monophyly and positions of the three Cimbicidae species within the superfamily Tenthredinoidea and demonstrated a relationship as (Tenthredinidae + Cimbicidae) + (Argidae + Pergidae) with strong nodal supports. Furthermore, we found that the generic relationships of Cimbicidae revealed by the phylogenetic analyses based on COI genes agree quite closely with the systematic arrangement of the genera based on the morphological characters. Phylogenetic tree based on two methods shows that L. sinicus is the sister group of Praia with high support values. We suggest that Labriocimbex belongs to the tribe Trichiosomini of Cimbicinae based on adult morphology and molecular data. Besides, we suggest to promote the subgenus Asitrichiosoma to be a valid genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees; Lab of Insect Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Gengyun Niu
- Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianying Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees; Lab of Insect Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees; Lab of Insect Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bocheng Lan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees; Lab of Insect Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Meicai Wei
- Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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20
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Liu H, Chen Q, Liu Y, Pu D, Chen Z, Liu X. The complete mitochondrial genome of a sawfly species, Analcellicampa danfengensis (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:3124-3125. [PMID: 33365882 PMCID: PMC7706906 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1666045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the sawfly, Analcellicampa danfengensis, was sequenced and analyzed. This double strand, circular molecule is 15,968 bp in length with an A + T content of 80.9% and contains 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. Gene rearrangement occurs in the mitogenome of A. danfengensis. Two putative control regions are found, respectively with a length of 495 bp and 359 bp. All PCGs use standard ATN as start codons and most PCGs has complete TAN as stop codons. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that A. danfengensis is closely related to Monocellicampa pruni, another species of Tenthredinidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Southwest Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingdong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Southwest Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Analysis and Testing Center of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Deqiang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Southwest Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiteng Chen
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Southwest Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
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21
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Prous M, Liston A, Kramp K, Savina H, Vårdal H, Taeger A. The West Palaearctic genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zookeys 2019; 875:63-127. [PMID: 31579113 PMCID: PMC6760214 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.875.35748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Keys to adults and larvae of the genera of West Palaearctic nematine sawflies are presented. Species of some of the smaller genera are keyed, and their taxonomy, distribution, and host plants reviewed, with a geographic focus on north-western Europe, particularly Sweden. Dinematus Lacourt, 2006 is a new junior subjective synonym of Pristiphora Latreille, 1810, resulting in the new combination Pristiphora krausi (Lacourt, 2006) for the type species of Dinematus. Hemichroa monticola Ermolenko, 1960 is a new junior subjective synonym of Hemichroa australis (Serville, 1823). Lectotypes are designated for Tenthredo opaca Fabricius, 1775, Mesoneura opaca var. nigerrima Enslin, 1914, Mesoneura opaca var. obscuriventris Enslin, 1914, Nematus hypogastricus Hartig, 1837, Nematus alnivorus Hartig, 1840, Leptopus rufipes Förster, 1854, Nematus protensus Förster, 1854, and Platycampus luridiventris var. pleuritica Enslin, 1915. A phylogenetic analysis based on four genes (mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK, POL2, and TPI) supports the current generic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Prous
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, GermanySenckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches InstitutMünchebergGermany
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Andrew Liston
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, GermanySenckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches InstitutMünchebergGermany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, GermanySenckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches InstitutMünchebergGermany
| | - Henri Savina
- Parc Majorelle, 33 chemin du Ramelet-Moundi, bât. C, apt. 16, 31100 Toulouse, FranceUnaffiliatedToulouseFrance
| | - Hege Vårdal
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, SwedenSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | - Andreas Taeger
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, GermanySenckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches InstitutMünchebergGermany
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22
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Aguilera-Molina VM, Munguía-Ortega KK, López-Reyes E, Martínez-Aquino A, Ceccarelli FS. Climate change and forest plagues: assessing current and future impacts of diprionid sawflies on the pine forests of north-western Mexico. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7220. [PMID: 31341729 PMCID: PMC6640623 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The imminent threat of climate change lies in its potential to disrupt the balance of ecosystems, particularly vulnerable areas such as mountain-top remnant forests. An example of such a fragile ecosystem is the Sierra San Pedro Mártir (SSPM) National Park of Mexico's Baja California state, where high levels of endemism can be found, and which is home to one of the country's few populations of the emblematic Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). Recent outbreaks of pine-feeding sawfly larvae in SSPM increase the vulnerability of this forest ecosystem, calling for immediate assessments of the severity of this threat. Here, we present a thorough study of the sawfly's biology and distribution, carrying out molecular and morphology-based identification of the species and creating model-based predictions of the species distribution in the area. The sawfly was found to belong to an undescribed species of the genus Zadiprion (family Diprionidae) with a one-year life-cycle. The distribution of this species appears to be restricted to the SSPM national park and it will probably persist for at least another 50 years, even considering the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Aguilera-Molina
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Khutzy K. Munguía-Ortega
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Eulogio López-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Andrés Martínez-Aquino
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - F. Sara Ceccarelli
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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23
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Nyman T, Onstein RE, Silvestro D, Wutke S, Taeger A, Wahlberg N, Blank SM, Malm T. The early wasp plucks the flower: disparate extant diversity of sawfly superfamilies (Hymenoptera: ‘Symphyta’) may reflect asynchronous switching to angiosperm hosts. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe insect order Hymenoptera originated during the Permian nearly 300 Mya. Ancestrally herbivorous hymenopteran lineages today make up the paraphyletic suborder ‘Symphyta’, which encompasses c. 8200 species with very diverse host-plant associations. We use phylogeny-based statistical analyses to explore the drivers of diversity dynamics within the ‘Symphyta’, with a particular focus on the hypothesis that diversification of herbivorous insects has been driven by the explosive radiation of angiosperms during and after the Cretaceous. Our ancestral-state estimates reveal that the first symphytans fed on gymnosperms, and that shifts onto angiosperms and pteridophytes – and back – have occurred at different time intervals in different groups. Trait-dependent analyses indicate that average net diversification rates do not differ between symphytan lineages feeding on angiosperms, gymnosperms or pteridophytes, but trait-independent models show that the highest diversification rates are found in a few angiosperm-feeding lineages that may have been favoured by the radiations of their host taxa during the Cenozoic. Intriguingly, lineages-through-time plots show signs of an early Cretaceous mass extinction, with a recovery starting first in angiosperm-associated clades. Hence, the oft-invoked assumption of herbivore diversification driven by the rise of flowering plants may overlook a Cretaceous global turnover in insect herbivore communities during the rapid displacement of gymnosperm- and pteridophyte-dominated floras by angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Renske E Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Sweden
| | - Saskia Wutke
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Andreas Taeger
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan M Blank
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Malm
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ma Y, Zheng BY, Zhu JC, van Achterberg C, Tang P, Chen XX. The first two mitochondrial genomes of wood wasps (Hymenoptera: Symphyta): Novel gene rearrangements and higher-level phylogeny of the basal hymenopterans. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:1189-1196. [PMID: 30408451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Symphyta has long been recognized as a paraphyletic grade forming the base of the remaining Hymenopteran, and the superfamily relationships within Symphyta remain controversial. Here, the first two representative mitochondrial genomes from the superfamily Siricoidea and Xiphydrioidea (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) are obtained using next-generation sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome of Xiphydria sp. is 16,482 bp long with an A + T content of 84.18% while the incomplete one of Tremex columba is 16,847 bp long and A + T content is 81.69%. All 37 typical mitochondrial genes are possessed in both species. The secondary structure of tRNAs and rRNAs for both species are successfully predicted. Compared with the ancestral organization, seven and five tRNA genes are rearranged in mitochondrial genomes of Tremex and Xiphydria, respectively, which are the most rearrangement events within Symphyta. The rearrangement patterns in Tremex and Xiphydria present in this study are all novel to the Symphyta. Phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages of Symphyta are reconstructed using mitochondrial genomes. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses highly support Symphyta is a paraphyletic grade, Xyeloidea + (Tenthredinoidea + (Pamphilioidea + (Xiphydrioidea + (Cephoidea + (Orussoidea + Apocrita))))).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo-Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Chen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cornelis van Achterberg
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, RA, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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25
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Du S, Niu G, Nyman T, Wei M. Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of Arge bella Wei & Du sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Argidae). PeerJ 2018; 6:e6131. [PMID: 30595984 PMCID: PMC6305119 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe Arge bella Wei & Du sp. nov., a large and beautiful species of Argidae from south China, and report its mitochondrial genome based on high-throughput sequencing data. We present the gene order, nucleotide composition of protein-coding genes (PCGs), and the secondary structures of RNA genes. The nearly complete mitochondrial genome of A. bella has a length of 15,576 bp and a typical set of 37 genes (22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, and 2 rRNAs). Three tRNAs are rearranged in the A. bella mitochondrial genome as compared to the ancestral type in insects: trnM and trnQ are shuffled, while trnW is translocated from the trnW-trnC-trnY cluster to a location downstream of trnI. All PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, and terminated with TAA, TA or T as stop codons. All tRNAs have a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1. H821 of rrnS and H976 of rrnL are redundant. A phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genome sequences of A. bella, 21 other symphytan species, two apocritan representatives, and four outgroup taxa supports the placement of Argidae as sister to the Pergidae within the symphytan superfamily Tenthredinoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Du
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gengyun Niu
- Jiangxi Normal University, Life Science College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Svanhovd Research Station, Svanvik, Norway
| | - Meicai Wei
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Boevé JL, Nyman T, Shinohara A, Schmidt S. Endogenous toxins and the coupling of gregariousness to conspicuousness in Argidae and Pergidae sawflies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17636. [PMID: 30518939 PMCID: PMC6281571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophagous insects tend to be either cryptic and solitary, or brightly colored and gregarious, as a defense against vertebrate predators. Here, we tested whether potent defensive chemicals produced de novo by larvae of Argidae and Pergidae sawflies have influenced the evolutionary relationship between larval appearance and levels of gregariousness. Phylogeny-based correlation analyses indicated only a weak trend for solitary species to be cryptic, and for gregarious ones to be conspicuous. Numerous Argidae were cryptic-solitary or conspicuous-gregarious, whereas most Pergidae were conspicuous-gregarious. Both families also included not truly gregarious but aggregated species, i.e. with individuals more evenly distributed on the host plant. By considering two specific morphological traits, predominant body coloration and contrasting spots on body, each one was (weakly) associated with appearance but none with gregariousness, which reflects the functional relevance of appearance as a whole. Furthermore, Argidae can display alternate appearances during successive larval instars. Finally, an independent contrasts test showed no obvious correlation between two major toxic peptides. Our results point towards diversely combined patterns of linked ecological traits in these insects. By assuming that warning coloration is more warranted against vertebrate than invertebrate predators, we suggest that the occurrence itself of toxins allowed this diversity via differing predator guilds and environmental factors, to which these insects were confronted during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Boevé
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanhovd Research Station, NO-9925, Svanvik, Norway
| | - Akihiko Shinohara
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB - Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
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27
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Niu G, Korkmaz EM, Doğan Ö, Zhang Y, Aydemir MN, Budak M, Du S, Başıbüyük HH, Wei M. The first mitogenomes of the superfamily Pamphilioidea (Hymenoptera: Symphyta): Mitogenome architecture and phylogenetic inference. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:185-199. [PMID: 30448489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Pamphilioidea represents a small superfamily of the phytophagous suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Here, nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three pamphilioid species: Chinolyda flagellicornis (Pamphiliidae), Megalodontes spiraeae and M. cephalotes (Megalodontesidae) were newly sequenced using next generation sequencing and comparatively analysed with the previously reported symphytan mitogenomes. A positive AT skew (0.013) and a negative GC skew (-0.194) were found in pamphilioid mitogenome, and a deviation from strand asymmetry was also observed in the PCGs encoded on both strands. Several gene rearrangement events were observed in four tRNA gene clusters (WCY, IQM, ARNS1EF and TP clusters), which have not been reported from symphytan mitogenomes to date. As the most parsimonious explanation, compared with the inferred insect ancestral mitogenome architecture, the occurrence of gene rearrangements in pamphilioid mitogenomes requires totally five evolutionary steps, including four transpositions and one inversion. The predicted secondary structures of tRNAs, rrnS and rrnL genes are mostly consistent with reported hymenopteran species. Phylogenetic analyses recovered the monophyly of superfamily Pamphilioidea and indicated the relationship Tenthredinoidea + (Pamphilioidea + (Cephoidea + (Orussoidea + Apocrita))) with strong nodal supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyun Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Ertan Mahir Korkmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Özgül Doğan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Merve Nur Aydemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mahir Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Shiyu Du
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | | | - Meicai Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, PR China
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28
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Endara MJ, Nicholls JA, Coley PD, Forrister DL, Younkin GC, Dexter KG, Kidner CA, Pennington RT, Stone GN, Kursar TA. Tracking of Host Defenses and Phylogeny During the Radiation of Neotropical Inga-Feeding Sawflies (Hymenoptera; Argidae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1237. [PMID: 30190723 PMCID: PMC6116116 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coevolutionary theory has long predicted that the arms race between plants and herbivores is a major driver of host selection and diversification. At a local scale, plant defenses contribute significantly to the structure of herbivore assemblages and the high alpha diversity of plants in tropical rain forests. However, the general importance of plant defenses in host associations and divergence at regional scales remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of plant defensive traits and phylogeny in the evolution of host range and species divergence in leaf-feeding sawflies of the family Argidae associated with Neotropical trees in the genus Inga throughout the Amazon, the Guiana Shield and Panama. Our analyses show that the phylogenies of both the sawfly herbivores and their Inga hosts are congruent, and that sawflies radiated at approximately the same time, or more recently than their Inga hosts. Analyses controlling for phylogenetic effects show that the evolution of host use in the sawflies associated with Inga is better correlated with Inga chemistry than with Inga phylogeny, suggesting a pattern of delayed host tracking closely tied to host chemistry. Finally, phylogenetic analyses show that sister species of Inga-sawflies are dispersed across the Neotropics, suggesting a role for allopatric divergence and vicariance in Inga diversification. These results are consistent with the idea that host defensive traits play a key role not only in structuring the herbivore assemblages at a single site, but also in the processes shaping host association and species divergence at a regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Endara
- Department of Biology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - James A. Nicholls
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Phyllis D. Coley
- Department of Biology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Dale L. Forrister
- Department of Biology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gordon C. Younkin
- Department of Biology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kyle G. Dexter
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. Kidner
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham N. Stone
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Kursar
- Department of Biology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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29
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Gokhman VE, Kuznetsova VG. Presence of the canonical TTAGG insect telomeric repeat in the Tenthredinidae (Symphyta) suggests its ancestral nature in the order Hymenoptera. Genetica 2018; 146:341-344. [PMID: 29730744 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Telomeric repeats in two members of the sawfly family Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera), namely, Tenthredo omissa (Förster, 1844) and Taxonus agrorum (Fallén, 1808) (both have n = 10), were studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chromosomes of both species were demonstrated to contain the canonical TTAGG insect telomeric repeat, which constitutes the first report of the (TTAGG)n telomeric motif for the Tenthredinidae as well as for the clade Eusymphyta and the suborder Symphyta in general. Taken together with the presence of this repeat in many other Holometabola as well as in the hymenopteran families Formicidae and Apidae from the suborder Apocrita, these results collectively suggest the ancestral nature of the (TTAGG)n telomeric motif in the Hymenoptera as well as its subsequent loss within the clade Unicalcarida and independent reappearance in ants and bees. If this is true, the loss of the TTAGG repeat can be considered as a synapomorphy of the corresponding clade.
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30
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Tvedte ES, Forbes AA, Logsdon JM. Retention of Core Meiotic Genes Across Diverse Hymenoptera. J Hered 2018; 108:791-806. [PMID: 28992199 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms of meiosis are critical for proper gamete formation in sexual organisms. Functional studies in model organisms have identified genes essential for meiosis, yet the extent to which this core meiotic machinery is conserved across non-model systems is not fully understood. Moreover, it is unclear whether deviation from canonical modes of sexual reproduction is accompanied by modifications in the genetic components involved in meiosis. We used a robust approach to identify and catalogue meiosis genes in Hymenoptera, an insect order typically characterized by haplodiploid reproduction. Using newly available genome data, we searched for 43 genes involved in meiosis in 18 diverse hymenopterans. Seven of eight genes with roles specific to meiosis were found across a majority of surveyed species, suggesting the preservation of core meiotic machinery in haplodiploid hymenopterans. Phylogenomic analyses of the inventory of meiosis genes and the identification of shared gene duplications and losses provided support for the grouping of species within Proctotrupomorpha, Ichneumonomorpha, and Aculeata clades, along with a paraphyletic Symphyta. The conservation of meiosis genes across Hymenoptera provides a framework for studying transitions between reproductive modes in this insect group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Tvedte
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Andrew A Forbes
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - John M Logsdon
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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31
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Yang J, Liu HX, Li YX, Wei ZM. The rearranged mitochondrial genome of Podagrion sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), a parasitoid wasp of mantis. Genomics 2018; 111:436-440. [PMID: 29505801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Podagrion sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) is described. The mitogenome was 15,845 bp in size, and contained typical sets of mitochondrial genes. The base composition of the Podagrion sp. mitogenome was also biased toward A + T bases (81.8%). The mitochondrial genome of Podagrion sp. has a weak AT skew (0.07) and a strong GC skew (-0.26). Podagrion sp. exhibits a novel rearrangement compared with the ancestral order, including six protein-coding genes (nad3, cox3, atp6, atp8, cox2 and cox1), which have inverted to the minor strand from the major strand. The A + T-rich region of Podagrion sp., which is located between trnN and trnI, have five tandem repeats. The apomorphic rearrangements, including the conserved block "cox3-atp6-atp8-cox2-cox1-nad5-nad4-nad4l-nad6-cob" and the special locations of trnV and trnA, were mapped onto the phylogeny of Proctotrupomorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Xia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Xiao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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32
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Branstetter MG, Childers AK, Cox-Foster D, Hopper KR, Kapheim KM, Toth AL, Worley KC. Genomes of the Hymenoptera. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:65-75. [PMID: 29602364 PMCID: PMC5993429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hymenoptera is the second-most sequenced arthropod order, with 52 publically archived genomes (71 with ants, reviewed elsewhere), however these genomes do not capture the breadth of this very diverse order (Figure 1, Table 1). These sequenced genomes represent only 15 of the 97 extant families. Although at least 55 other genomes are in progress in an additional 11 families (see Table 2), stinging wasps represent 35 (67%) of the available and 42 (76%) of the in progress genomes. A more comprehensive catalog of hymenopteran genomes is needed for research into the evolutionary processes underlying the expansive diversity in terms of ecology, behavior, and physiological traits within this group. Additional sequencing is needed to generate an assembly for even 0.05% of the estimated 1 million hymenopteran species, and we recommend premier level assemblies for at least 0.1% of the >150,000 named species dispersed across the order. Given the haplodiploid sex determination in Hymenoptera, haploid male sequencing will help minimize genome assembly issues to enable higher quality genome assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Branstetter
- Pollinating Insect-biology, Management, Systematics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Anna K Childers
- Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Diana Cox-Foster
- Pollinating Insect-biology, Management, Systematics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Keith R Hopper
- Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Newark, DE 19713, United States
| | - Karen M Kapheim
- Utah State University, Department of Biology, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Amy L Toth
- Iowa State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology and Department of Entomology, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Kim C Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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33
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van Achterberg K, Taeger A, Blank SM, Zwakhals K, Viitasaari M, Yu DSK, de Jong Y. Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera - Symphyta & Ichneumonoidea. Biodivers Data J 2017; 5:e14650. [PMID: 28894397 PMCID: PMC5572943 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.5.e14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant European terrestrial and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (west of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. For the Hymenoptera, taxonomic data from one grade (Symphyta) and one Superfamily (Ichneumonoidea), including 15 families and 10,717 species, are included. Ichneumonoidea is the largest superfamily of Hymenoptera and consisting of two extant families, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The costal cell of the fore wing is absent, the fore wing has at least two closed cells, the constriction between the mesosoma (thorax + first abdominal segment or propodeum) and the metasoma (remainder of abdomen) is distinct and the parasitoid larvae usually spin a silken cocoon. Also, the metasoma is ventrally partly desclerotized in the vast majority of ichneumonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Taeger
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Blank
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Yde de Jong
- University of Amsterdam - Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Natural History Museum, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
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34
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Nearly complete mitogenome of hairy sawfly, Corynis lateralis (Brullé, 1832) (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae): rearrangements in the IQM and ARNS1EF gene clusters. Genetica 2017; 145:341-350. [PMID: 28567603 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Cimbicidae is a small family of the primitive and relatively less diverse suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Here, nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of hairy sawfly, Corynis lateralis (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) was sequenced using next generation sequencing and comparatively analysed with the mitogenome of Trichiosoma anthracinum. The sequenced length of C. lateralis mitogenome was 14,899 bp with an A+T content of 80.60%. All protein coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons and all are terminated with TAR or T- stop codon. All tRNA genes preferred usual anticodons. Compared with the inferred insect ancestral mitogenome, two tRNA rearrangements were observed in the IQM and ARNS1EF gene clusters, representing a new event not previously reported in Symphyta. An illicit priming of replication and/or intra/inter-mitochondrial recombination and TDRL seem to be responsible mechanisms for the rearrangement events in these gene clusters. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the position of Corynis within Cimbicidae and recovered a relationship of Tenthredinoidea + (Cephoidea + Orussoidea) in Symphyta.
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35
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Peters RS, Krogmann L, Mayer C, Donath A, Gunkel S, Meusemann K, Kozlov A, Podsiadlowski L, Petersen M, Lanfear R, Diez PA, Heraty J, Kjer KM, Klopfstein S, Meier R, Polidori C, Schmitt T, Liu S, Zhou X, Wappler T, Rust J, Misof B, Niehuis O. Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1013-1018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Wang M, Rasnitsyn AP, Yang Z, Shih C, Wang H, Ren D. Mirolydidae, a new family of Jurassic pamphilioid sawfly (Hymenoptera) highlighting mosaic evolution of lower Hymenoptera. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43944. [PMID: 28266631 PMCID: PMC5339686 DOI: 10.1038/srep43944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe Pamphilioidea: Mirolydidae Wang, Rasnitsyn et Ren, fam. n., containing Mirolyda hirta Wang, Rasnitsyn et Ren, gen. et sp. n., from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The new taxon is characterized by unique forewing venation with the presence of forewing SC, 1-RS almost as long as 1-M, M + Cu straight, 2r-rs strongly reclival, and antenna with homonomous flagellum, revealing new and important details in antennal evolutionary transformations. Thus, M. hirta with a combination of primitive and more derived characters highlights its transitional state in the Pamphilioidea and complex mosaic evolution within Pamphilioidea in the late Middle Jurassic. The body of this species is densely covered with thin and long setae, suggesting its possible habit of visiting gymnosperm reproductive organs for pollen feeding and/or pollination during the late Middle Jurassic, much earlier than the appearance of angiosperm flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn
- Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123, Profsoyuznaya ul., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chungkun Shih
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
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Schmidt S, Taeger A, Morinière J, Liston A, Blank SM, Kramp K, Kraus M, Schmidt O, Heibo E, Prous M, Nyman T, Malm T, Stahlhut J. Identification of sawflies and horntails (Hymenoptera, 'Symphyta') through DNA barcodes: successes and caveats. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 17:670-685. [PMID: 27768250 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The 'Symphyta' is a paraphyletic assemblage at the base of the order Hymenoptera, comprising 14 families and about 8750 species. All have phytophagous larvae, except for the Orussidae, which are parasitoids. This study presents and evaluates the results of DNA barcoding of approximately 5360 specimens of 'Symphyta', mainly adults, and 4362 sequences covering 1037 species were deemed of suitable quality for inclusion in the analysis. All extant families are represented, except for the Anaxyelidae. The majority of species and specimens are from Europe, but approximately 38% of the species and 13% of the specimens are of non-European origin. The utility of barcoding for species identification and taxonomy of 'Symphyta' is discussed on the basis of examples from each of the included families. A significant level of cryptic species diversity was apparent in many groups. Other attractive applications include the identification of immature stages without the need to rear them, community analyses based on metabarcoding of bulk samples and association of the sexes of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Taeger
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jérôme Morinière
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Liston
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stephan M Blank
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Kraus
- Manfred Kraus, Fallrohrstr. 27, 90480, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Olga Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Heibo
- Erik Heibo, Rypeveien 34 A, 3420, Lierskogen, Norway
| | - Marko Prous
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
| | - Tobias Malm
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Stahlhut
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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38
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Gao T, Shih C, Engel MS, Ren D. A new xyelotomid (Hymenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of China displaying enigmatic venational asymmetry. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:155. [PMID: 27485108 PMCID: PMC4971703 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterygota insects typically have symmetric veins in left and right wings. For studying taxonomy and phylogeny of fossil insects, venational patterns are commonly used as diagnostic characters, in conjunction with preserved body characters. Some examples of asymmetrical venation are known among extant insects, but only a few fossil insects with asymmetric wings have been reported, among which a previously described xyelotomid of Hymenoptera, Xyelocerus diaphanous, displays an unusual, small cell of vein Rs in the left forewing, but not in the right. RESULTS Herein we report a new sawfly of the family Xyelotomidae, Aethotoma aninomorpha gen. et sp. nov., from the late Middle Jurassic of China having a simple Sc in the forewing and Sc with two branches in the hind wing. In additional, the new specimen exhibits an enigmatic venational asymmetry. In the right forewing, crossvein 2r-rs of forms a loop, then forks into 2 long branches reaching Rs, while 2r-rs of the left forewing forks into 2 short branches reaching Rs, in contrast to a linear 2r-rs in typical fossil and extant sawflies. CONCLUSION Such rare asymmetrical venation found from fossil sawflies provides a glance at early occurrences of venational variability and instability, or possibly aberrational development, for insects in the late Middle Jurassic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiping Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Chungkun Shih
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA
| | - Michael S. Engel
- Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045 KS USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
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39
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Wang M, Rasnitsyn AP, Li H, Shih C, Sharkey MJ, Ren D. Phylogenetic analyses elucidate the inter-relationships of Pamphilioidea (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Cladistics 2016; 32:239-260. [PMID: 34736302 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny of the superfamily Pamphilioidea is reconstructed using morphology and DNA sequence data of living and fossil taxa by employing two phylogenetic methods (maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference). Based on our results, the monophyly of Pamphilioidea and Pamphiliidae are corroborated, whereas two extinct families, Xyelydidae and Praesiricidae, are not monophyletic. Because members of Praesiricidae together with Megalodontes form a monophyletic group, we propose that the paraphyletic Praesiricidae is synonymized under Megalodontesidae (syn. nov.). The origin of Pamphilioidea is hypothesized to be as early as the Early Jurassic. To better understand morphological evolution in the early lineages of Pamphilioidea, ancestral states of the first flagellomere and the first and second abdominal terga are reconstructed on the morphology-based tree. In addition, three new genera (Medilyda, Brevilyda, Strenolyda) with five new species (Medilyda procera, M. distorta, Brevilyda provecta, Strenolyda marginalis and S. retrorsa) are described based on well-preserved xyelydid fossils from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of north-eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.,Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
| | - Alexandr P Rasnitsyn
- Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123 Profsoyuznayaul., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA.,Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chungkun Shih
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Michael J Sharkey
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
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40
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Song SN, Tang P, Wei SJ, Chen XX. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genomes in basal hymenopterans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20972. [PMID: 26879745 PMCID: PMC4754708 DOI: 10.1038/srep20972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Symphyta is traditionally accepted as a paraphyletic group located in a basal position of the order Hymenoptera. Herein, we conducted a comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes in the Symphyta by describing two newly sequenced ones, from Trichiosoma anthracinum, representing the first mitochondrial genome in family Cimbicidae, and Asiemphytus rufocephalus, from family Tenthredinidae. The sequenced lengths of these two mitochondrial genomes were 15,392 and 14,864 bp, respectively. Within the sequenced region, trnC and trnY were rearranged to the upstream of trnI-nad2 in T. anthracinum, while in A. rufocephalus all sequenced genes were arranged in the putative insect ancestral gene arrangement. Rearrangement of the tRNA genes is common in the Symphyta. The rearranged genes are mainly from trnL1 and two tRNA clusters of trnI-trnQ-trnM and trnW-trnC-trnY. The mitochondrial genomes of Symphyta show a biased usage of A and T rather than G and C. Protein-coding genes in Symphyta species show a lower evolutionary rate than those of Apocrita. The Ka/Ks ratios were all less than 1, indicating purifying selection of Symphyta species. Phylogenetic analyses supported the paraphyly and basal position of Symphyta in Hymenoptera. The well-supported phylogenetic relationship in the study is Tenthredinoidea + (Cephoidea + (Orussoidea + Apocrita)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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41
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Liston AD, Prous M, Bücker J. The larva and prepupa of Eupareophora exarmata (Thomson, 1871) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Biodivers Data J 2015; 3:e7147. [PMID: 26696770 PMCID: PMC4678796 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.3.e7147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the two known Eupareophora species, more is known about the larva and bionomics of the Nearctic E. parca, than the rarely recorded West Palaearctic E. exarmata. NEW INFORMATION The last instar larva and prepupa of E. exarmata is illustrated and briefly described. In Germany its host is Fraxinus excelsior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Prous
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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42
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Klopfstein S, Vilhelmsen L, Ronquist F. A Nonstationary Markov Model Detects Directional Evolution in Hymenopteran Morphology. Syst Biol 2015; 64:1089-103. [PMID: 26272507 PMCID: PMC4604834 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional evolution has played an important role in shaping the morphological, ecological, and molecular diversity of life. However, standard substitution models assume stationarity of the evolutionary process over the time scale examined, thus impeding the study of directionality. Here we explore a simple, nonstationary model of evolution for discrete data, which assumes that the state frequencies at the root differ from the equilibrium frequencies of the homogeneous evolutionary process along the rest of the tree (i.e., the process is nonstationary, nonreversible, but homogeneous). Within this framework, we develop a Bayesian approach for testing directional versus stationary evolution using a reversible-jump algorithm. Simulations show that when only data from extant taxa are available, the success in inferring directionality is strongly dependent on the evolutionary rate, the shape of the tree, the relative branch lengths, and the number of taxa. Given suitable evolutionary rates (0.1-0.5 expected substitutions between root and tips), accounting for directionality improves tree inference and often allows correct rooting of the tree without the use of an outgroup. As an empirical test, we apply our method to study directional evolution in hymenopteran morphology. We focus on three character systems: wing veins, muscles, and sclerites. We find strong support for a trend toward loss of wing veins and muscles, while stationarity cannot be ruled out for sclerites. Adding fossil and time information in a total-evidence dating approach, we show that accounting for directionality results in more precise estimates not only of the ancestral state at the root of the tree, but also of the divergence times. Our model relaxes the assumption of stationarity and reversibility by adding a minimum of additional parameters, and is thus well suited to studying the nature of the evolutionary process in data sets of limited size, such as morphology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Klopfstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; The University of Adelaide, ACEBB, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Natural History Museum, Department of Invertebrates, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Lars Vilhelmsen
- Biosystematics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Ronquist
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Nyman T, Leppänen SA, Várkonyi G, Shaw MR, Koivisto R, Barstad TE, Vikberg V, Roininen H. Determinants of parasitoid communities of willow-galling sawflies: habitat overrides physiology, host plant and space. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5059-74. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Nyman
- Department of Biology; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 Joensuu FI-80101 Finland
- Institute for Systematic Botany; University of Zurich; Zollikerstrasse 107 Zurich CH-8008 Switzerland
| | - Sanna A. Leppänen
- Department of Biology; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 Joensuu FI-80101 Finland
| | - Gergely Várkonyi
- Finnish Environment Institute; Friendship Park Research Centre; Lentiirantie 342 B Kuhmo FI-88900 Finland
| | - Mark R. Shaw
- National Museums of Scotland; Chambers Street Edinburgh EH1 1JF UK
| | - Reijo Koivisto
- Department of Biology; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 Joensuu FI-80101 Finland
| | | | - Veli Vikberg
- Liinalammintie 11 as. 6; Turenki FI-14200 Finland
| | - Heikki Roininen
- Department of Biology; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 Joensuu FI-80101 Finland
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44
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Wheeler WC. Phylogenetic network analysis as a parsimony optimization problem. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:296. [PMID: 26382078 PMCID: PMC4574467 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many problems in comparative biology are, or are thought to be, best expressed as phylogenetic "networks" as opposed to trees. In trees, vertices may have only a single parent (ancestor), while networks allow for multiple parent vertices. There are two main interpretive types of networks, "softwired" and "hardwired." The parsimony cost of hardwired networks is based on all changes over all edges, hence must be greater than or equal to the best tree cost contained ("displayed") by the network. This is in contrast to softwired, where each character follows the lowest parsimony cost tree displayed by the network, resulting in costs which are less than or equal to the best display tree. Neither situation is ideal since hard-wired networks are not generally biologically attractive (since individual heritable characters can have more than one parent) and softwired networks can be trivially optimized (containing the best tree for each character). Furthermore, given the alternate cost scenarios of trees and these two flavors of networks, hypothesis testing among these explanatory scenarios is impossible. RESULTS A network cost adjustment (penalty) is proposed to allow phylogenetic trees and soft-wired phylogenetic networks to compete equally on a parsimony optimality basis. This cost is demonstrated for several real and simulated datasets. In each case, the favored graph representation (tree or network) matched expectation or simulation scenario. CONCLUSIONS The softwired network cost regime proposed here presents a quantitative criterion for an optimality-based search procedure where trees and networks can participate in hypothesis testing simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward C Wheeler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West @ 79th Street, New York, 10024-5192, NY, USA.
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45
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Song SN, Wang ZH, Li Y, Wei SJ, Chen XX. The mitochondrial genome of Tenthredo tienmushana (Takeuchi) and a related phylogenetic analysis of the sawflies (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:2860-1. [PMID: 26134345 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1053129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome sequence of Tenthredo tienmushana (Takeuchi, 1940) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) (GenBank accession KR703581) was reported. The length of the sequenced region of this mitochondrial genome is 14,943 bp, with 13 protein-coding, two rRNA, 19 tRNA (the trnI, trnQ, and trnM were failed to sequence) genes and a partial A + T-rich region. As in most other sequenced mitochondrial genomes of the suborder "Symphyta", there is no gene rearrangement in the sequenced region compared with the pupative ancestral gene arrangement of insects. All protein-coding genes start with ATN codons. Eleven, one, and one protein-coding genes stop with termination codon TAA, TA, and T, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using the Bayesian method based on all codon positions of the 13 protein-coding genes supports the monophyly of Tenthredinoidea. Two families of the Tenthredinoidea, i.e. Tenthredinidae and Pergidae, form the basal lineage of the Hymenoptera. Within the Tenthredinidae, the subfamily Tenthrediniinae and Allantinae form a sister lineage and then sister to the Nematinae. The Orussidae was recovered to be a sister group to the Apocrita, which contains Ichneumonidae and Vespidae in our analysis. The Cephoidea is sister to the lineage of Orussoidea + Apocrita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China .,b Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Beijing , China , and
| | - Ze-Hua Wang
- b Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Beijing , China , and
| | - Yue Li
- c College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- b Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Beijing , China , and
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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46
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Vilhelmsen L. Morphological phylogenetics of the Tenthredinidae (Insecta : Hymenoptera). INVERTEBR SYST 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/is14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Tenthredinoidea is the most diverse superfamily of non-apocritan Hymenoptera. It is also one of the largest herbivorous groups within the order, some species having substantial economic impact. Until very recently, no comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the superfamily had been undertaken. This paper presents the largest morphological dataset assembled so far for elucidating the phylogeny of the Tenthredinoidea. In total, 129 taxa were scored for 146 characters from the adult head, thorax, wings and ovipositor apparatus. The emphasis of the taxon sample is on Tenthredinidae (104 terminals), which is by far the largest family in the Tenthredinoidea. The results of the cladistic analyses confirm the monophyly of the Tenthredinoidea, the first split being between the Blasticotomidae and the remaining families (Tenthredinoidea s. str., also monophyletic), and the monophyly of all families except Tenthredinidae. The analyses fail to consistently retrieve any of the six currently recognised subfamilies within Tenthredinidae, although core clades of Heterarthrinae, Nematinae, Selandriinae and Tenthredininae are often supported. Diprionidae are placed inside the Nematinae under some weighting conditions. The failure to corroborate the tenthredinid subfamilies might be ascribed to an insufficient character/terminal ratio, but also to problems with the existing classification. Inclusion of characters from the male genitalia and the larval stages as well as molecular data currently being assembled will hopefully lead to a more robust classification of the Tenthredinidae in the future.
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Boevé JL, Rozenberg R, Shinohara A, Schmidt S. Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105301. [PMID: 25121515 PMCID: PMC4133368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic peptides containing D-amino acids are reported from the larvae of sawfly species. The compounds are suspected to constitute environmental contaminants, as they have killed livestock grazing in areas with congregations of such larvae, and related larval extracts are deleterious to ants. Previously, two octapeptides (both called lophyrotomin) and three heptapeptides (pergidin, 4-valinepergidin and dephosphorylated pergidin) were identified from three species in the family Pergidae and one in Argidae. Here, the hypothesis of widespread occurrence of these peptides among sawflies was tested by LC-MS analyses of single larvae from eight pergid and 28 argid species, plus nine outgroup species. At least two of the five peptides were detected in most sawfly species, whereas none in any outgroup taxon. Wherever peptides were detected, they were present in each examined specimen of the respective species. Some species show high peptide concentrations, reaching up to 0.6% fresh weight of 4-valinepergidin (1.75 mg/larva) in the pergid Pterygophorus nr turneri. All analyzed pergids in the subfamily Pterygophorinae contained pergidin and 4-valinepergidin, all argids in Arginae contained pergidin and one of the two lophyrotomins, whereas none of the peptides was detected in any Perginae pergid or Sterictiphorinae argid (except in Schizocerella pilicornis, which contained pergidin). Three of the four sawfly species that were previously known to contain toxins were reanalyzed here, resulting in several, often strong, quantitative and qualitative differences in the chemical profiles. The most probable ecological role of the peptides is defense against natural enemies; the poisoning of livestock is an epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Boevé
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Raoul Rozenberg
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Akihiko Shinohara
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Zoologische Staatssammlung, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, München, Germany
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