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Domic D, Kappenberger J, Bertl K, Hirtler L, Heimel P, Ulm C. The mylohyoid line is highly variable but does not affect the microarchitecture of the edentulous alveolar bone - an anatomical micro-CT study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:528. [PMID: 38702714 PMCID: PMC11069156 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in the absence of teeth the variability of the mylohyoid line (ML), the microarchitecture of the adjacent bone, and whether the variable prominence/width of the ML is associated with the quality of the adjacent bone. METHODS µCT scans of 28 human mandibles from anatomical specimens were analyzed. The following parameters were assessed in four edentulous areas (first and second premolar (PM), first, second, and third molar (M1/2/3)): ML width, cortical thickness (CtTh), average cortical- (Avg.Ct.BV/TV), and trabecular bone volume fraction (Avg.Tb.BV/TV). RESULTS The ML width increased from the PM towards the M2 region, which also showed the highest variance (range: 0.4-10.2 mm). The CtTh showed a decrease in the M3 region, while Avg.Ct.BV/TV and Avg.Tb.BV/TV hardly differed among the regions. In the multivariable model on the effect of the various parameters on the ML width, only gender and tooth region were significant. Specifically, male specimens were associated with a wider ML width compared to female specimens and the M2 region was associated with a wider ML width compared to the other tooth regions. CONCLUSION The ML width was not associated with the cortical and trabecular bone quality in the adjacent bone, while gender and tooth region had a significant effect. Specifically, the ML width was lower in female, but peaked in the M2 region with a median width of 3-4 mm. CLINICAL RELEVANCE From a clinical point of view, it was confirmed that the ML is in general a highly variable structure, especially in the M2 region, but the ML width does not allow any conclusions on the bone quality. Altogether, this underlines the need for an individual and accurate diagnostic prior to any surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijel Domic
- Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Julia Kappenberger
- Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Kristina Bertl
- Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Freudplatz 3, Vienna, 1020, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, Blekinge Hospital, Byggnad 13, Hälsovägen, Karlskrona, 371 41, Sweden
| | - Lena Hirtler
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 13, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue Histology and Bone Regeneration, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The research centre in cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Christian Ulm
- Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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Slaidina A, Springe B, Abeltins A, Uribe SE, Lejnieks A. The Effect of General Bone Mineral Density on the Quantity and Quality of the Edentulous Mandible: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11010017. [PMID: 36661554 PMCID: PMC9858291 DOI: 10.3390/dj11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a disease which is characterized by a decrease in general bone mineral density (BMD), resulting in decreased bone strength and an increased risk of bone fractures. The effect of reduced BMD on the jawbones is still not fully understood. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of BMD on the quality and quantity of the edentulous mandible. METHODS The present study included 127 edentulous postmenopausal women who underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. BMD measurements of the lumbar spine and femoral necks were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In the cross-sectional CBCT images, three different areas of the mandible (lateral incisor, first premolar, and first molar) were selected. The complete mandibular, trabecular, and cortical bone volumes were measured. All measurements were performed on the total mandibular area, and the basal and alveolar parts of the mandible. RESULTS The volume of the cortical bone was reduced for females with reduced BMD in the lateral incisor and first premolar regions, both in the total mandibular area and in the basal part of the mandible. The trabecular bone volume statistically significantly increased when the BMD decreased in the complete mandibular area and the basal part of the mandible (linear regression). The total bone volume significantly decreased with a decrease in BMD in the basal part of the mandible. CONCLUSIONS Reduced BMD has a negative effect on the quantity and quality of bone in the basal part of the edentulous mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Slaidina
- Department of Prosthodontics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1083 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +317-67456043
| | - Baiba Springe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1083 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andris Abeltins
- Department of Orthodontics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1083 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergio E. Uribe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, LV-1083 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1083 Riga, Latvia
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Aivars Lejnieks
- Clinics “Gailezers”, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, LV-1083 Riga, Latvia
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Mao C, Yu W, Jin M, Wang Y, Shang X, Lin L, Zeng X, Wang L, Lu E. Mechanobiologically optimized Ti-35Nb-2Ta-3Zr improves load transduction and enhances bone remodeling in tilted dental implant therapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:15-26. [PMID: 35386333 PMCID: PMC8958422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tilted implant with immediate function is increasingly used in clinical dental therapy for edentulous and partially edentulous patients with excessive bone resorption and the anatomic limitations in the alveolar ridge. However, peri-implant cervical bone loss can be caused by the stress shielding effect. Herein, inspired by the concept of “materiobiology”, the mechanical characteristics of materials were considered along with bone biology for tilted implant design. In this study, a novel Ti–35Nb–2Ta–3Zr alloy (TNTZ) implant with low elastic modulus, high strength and favorable biocompatibility was developed. Then the human alveolar bone environment was mimicked in goat and finite element (FE) models to investigate the mechanical property and the related peri-implant bone remodeling of TNTZ compared to commonly used Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) in tilted implantation under loading condition. Next, a layer-by-layer quantitative correlation of the FE and X-ray Microscopy (XRM) analysis suggested that the TNTZ implant present better mechanobiological characteristics including improved load transduction and increased bone area in the tilted implantation model compared to TC4 implant, especially in the upper 1/3 region of peri-implant bone that is “lower stress”. Finally, combining the static and dynamic parameters of bone, it was further verified that TNTZ enhanced bone remodeling in “lower stress” upper 1/3 region. This study demonstrates that TNTZ is a mechanobiological optimized tilted implant material that enhances load transduction and bone remodeling. The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of Ti–35Nb–2Ta–3Zr alloys were studied. The cell biocompatibility, a layer-by-layer correlation of the finite element and X-ray Microscopy analysis were evaluated. Ti–35Nb–2Ta–3Zr implant improves load transduction and enhances bone remodeling in tilted implantation models. Mechanobiologically optimized Ti–35Nb–2Ta–3Zr alloy meets the clinical application requirements of tilted implant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyuan Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weijun Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Genome Initiative Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Genome Initiative Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Eryi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Corresponding author.
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Ye ZY, Ye H, Yu XX, Wang Y, Wu LJ, Ding X. Timing selection for loosened tooth fixation based on degree of alveolar bone resorption: a finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:328. [PMID: 35941612 PMCID: PMC9358908 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate timing of fixation to retard bone absorption using finite element analysis(FEA). Methods Volunteer CT images were used to construct four models of mandibles with varying degrees of alveolar bone resorption. By simulating occlusal force loading, biomechanical analysis was made on the periodontal membrane, tooth root and surrounding bone (both cancellous and cortical) of mandibular dentition. Results The von Mises stress value of the periodontal structures was positively related with the degree of alveolar bone resorption, and the von Mises stress at the interface between the periodontal membrane and tooth root was increased significantly in moderate to severe periodontitis models. The von Mises stress at the interface between the periodontal cortical bone and cancellous bone was increased significantly in the severe periodontitis model. And the von Mises stress value with oblique loading showed significantly higher than vertical loading. Conclusion Teeth with moderate to severe periodontitis, loosened tooth fixation can be used to retard bone absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Yan Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Pingyang Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ye
- Institute of Digitized Medicine and Intelligent Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Xi Yu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Institute of Digitized Medicine and Intelligent Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Ding
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Dekker H, Schulten EAJM, Ten Bruggenkate CM, Bloemena E, van Ruijven LJ, Bravenboer N. Regional differences in microarchitecture and mineralization of the atrophic edentulous mandible: A microcomputed tomography study. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105302. [PMID: 34773733 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess mineralization and trabecular microarchitecture in atrophic edentulous mandibles and to identify regional differences and relations with the extent of resorption. METHODS Cortical and trabecular bone volumes in anterior, premolar and molar regions of 10 edentulous cadaveric mandibles (5 males and 5 females; mean age ± SD: 85.4 ± 8.3 years) were assessed by microcomputed tomography. Mandibular height and Cawood & Howell classes were recorded. Concerning trabecular volumes, bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction, trabecular tissue volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, degree of anisotropy, and structural model index were measured; concerning cortical volumes porosity, BMD and cortical thickness were measured. RESULTS In molar regions, the bone volume fraction and trabecular number were lower, whereas trabecular separation, degree of anisotropy and cortical BMD were higher compared to anterior regions. In premolar regions, mandibular height correlated negatively with trabecular number (Spearman's correlation r = 0.73, p = 0.017) and connectivity density (Spearman's correlation r = 0.82, p = 0.004), and correlated positively with trabecular separation (Spearman's correlation r = - 0.65, p = 0.04). Cortical BMD was higher at bucco-inferior cortex of molar and inferior border of premolar region and lower at anterior cranial buccal and lingual surface. CONCLUSIONS In the premolar region, increased resorption coincides with local impairment of trabecular bone quality. Cortical bone BMD is higher in areas with highest strains and lower in areas with most mandibular resorption. Trabecular bone volume and quality is superior in the anterior region of the edentulous mandible, which might explain improved primary stability of dental implants in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Dekker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Engelbert A J M Schulten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan M Ten Bruggenkate
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J van Ruijven
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Effect of bone quality and quantity on the primary stability of dental implants in a simulated bicortical placement. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1265-1272. [PMID: 32651646 PMCID: PMC7878229 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conventional dental implants inserted in the molar region of the maxilla will reach into the sinus maxillaris when alveolar ridge height is limited. When surgery is performed without prior augmentation of the sinus floor, primary stability of the implant is important for successful osseointegration. This study aimed at identifying the impact of bone quality and quantity at the implantation site on primary implant stability of a simulated bicortical placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our in vitro measurements, bone mineral density, total bone thickness and overall cortical bone thickness were assessed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) of pig scapulae, which resembled well the bicortical situation found in human patients. Dental implants were inserted, and micromotion between bone and implant was measured while loading the implant with an axial torque. RESULTS The main findings were that primary implant stability did not depend on total bone thickness but tended to increase with either increasing bone mineral density or overall cortical bone thickness. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Limited bone height in the maxilla is a major problem when planning dental implants. To overcome this problem, several approaches, e.g. external or internal sinus floor elevation, have been established. When planning the insertion of a dental implant an important aspect is the primary stability which can be expected. With other factors, the dimensions of the cortical bone might be relevant in this context. It would, therefore, be helpful to define the minimum thickness of cortical bone required to achieve sufficient primary stability, thus avoiding additional surgical intervention.
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Abdi I, Maleki D. Anterior Mandibular Composite Graft for Regeneration of Knife-Edge Ridges in Implant Surgery: A Treatment Case Report. Front Dent 2020; 17:1-5. [PMID: 33615287 PMCID: PMC7882200 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v17i1.3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant insertion into an atrophic knife-edge ridge with non-simultaneous extraction of anterior and posterior teeth is challenging; this is why bone regeneration before implant placement is of great importance. One of the best sources for reconstruction is an intraoral autogenous bone graft. A composite bone graft is a combination of autogenic bone and mucosal flap that provides adequate blood supply and fixation compared to conventional (from the mandibular symphysis or ramus) and extraoral bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Abdi
- Dental Science Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Donya Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Clinical Outcomes Between Atrophic and Nonatrophic Mandibular Fracture in Elderly Patients. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:e815-e818. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Dekker H, Schulten EAJM, Ten Bruggenkate CM, Bloemena E, van Ruijven L, Bravenboer N. Resorption of the mandibular residual ridge: A micro-CT and histomorphometrical analysis. Gerodontology 2018; 35:221-228. [PMID: 29781536 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether the extent of mandibular resorption and gender is related to the bone turnover and microarchitecture of the edentulous mandible. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A mandibular bone sample was obtained at canine position from 36 edentulous participants (50% women; mean age: 65 years) during dental implant surgery. All female participants were postmenopausal. Mandibular height, duration of edentulous state and resorption pattern (Cawood classification) were recorded. Microcomputed tomography was used to determine bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation. Histomorphometric analysis was used to assess bone turnover: osteoid area and surface were measured as a parameter for bone formation and osteoclast numbers were determined as a parameter for bone resorption. Correlations between micro-CT, histomorphometrical parameters and clinical data were analysed with correlation coefficients and parametric and non-parametric tests. RESULTS Lower mandibular height was strongly associated with higher bone mineral density in trabecular bone. Women showed higher osteoclast numbers in trabecular bone than men. In trabecular bone of women, bone volume was significantly related to osteoclast numbers, osteoid surface and osteoid area. CONCLUSIONS The higher trabecular bone mineral density found in the edentulous mandible could either indicate a restructuring process of the resorbed mandible or suggests that the inferior region of the mandible is more highly mineralised. In women, higher bone turnover is associated with lower bone volume, suggesting an effect of postmenopausal oestrogen deficiency on bone turnover in the edentulous mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Dekker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Centre/Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Engelbert A J M Schulten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Centre/Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris M Ten Bruggenkate
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Centre/Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Centre/Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo van Ruijven
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Evaluating the osseointegration of nanostructured titanium implants in animal models: Current experimental methods and perspectives (Review). Biointerphases 2016; 11:030801. [PMID: 27421518 DOI: 10.1116/1.4958793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the experimental methods currently being used to evaluate the osseointegration of nanostructured titanium implants using animal models. The material modifications are linked to the biocompatibility of various types of oral implants, such as laser-treated, acid-etched, plasma-coated, and sand-blasted surface modifications. The types of implants are reviewed according to their implantation site (endoosseous, subperiosteal, and transosseous implants). The animal species and target bones used in experimental implantology are carefully compared in terms of the ratio of compact to spongy bone. The surgical technique in animal experiments is briefly described, and all phases of the histological evaluation of osseointegration are described in detail, including harvesting tissue samples, processing undemineralized ground sections, and qualitative and quantitative histological assessment of the bone-implant interface. The results of histological staining methods used in implantology are illustrated and compared. A standardized and reproducible technique for stereological quantification of bone-implant contact is proposed and demonstrated. In conclusion, histological evaluation of the experimental osseointegration of dental implants requires careful selection of the experimental animals, bones, and implantation sites. It is also advisable to use larger animal models and older animals with a slower growth rate rather than small or growing experimental animals. Bones with a similar ratio of compact to spongy bone, such as the human maxilla and mandible, are preferred. A number of practical recommendations for the experimental procedures, harvesting of samples, tissue processing, and quantitative histological evaluations are provided.
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Monje A, Chan HL, Galindo-Moreno P, Elnayef B, Suarez-Lopez del Amo F, Wang F, Wang HL. Alveolar Bone Architecture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1231-48. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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